Chil tiuong, cMnh sIcM bien phap phit tiien nen kinh te Viet Nam ndi chung va kinh te sin xult hang hda ndng ngMep cua nude ta ndi rieng kM dugc td chirc tiiue hien da lam cho t'uib b[r]
Trang 1TRAO Ddl
OmOCTA THin KY BOI MOI
LE HUY THI/C*
Sin xuit hang hda ndng nghiep, tiieo quan dudng ldi mdi dung va phii hgp ban Trade Dai hpi dilm cua Dang Cpng san Viet Nam, cd vai VI, chii tiuong, dudng ldi xay dyng vl phit tiien frd, vj tti rlt quan ttpng KM dl ra dudng ldi ddi mdi kinh te - xa hdi cua Ding II uu tien phit ttien cdng toin dien, Dai hdi 'VI cua Ding (12-1986) da khlng nghiep nang fren co sd phat ttiln ndng nghiep vl djnh kinh tl san xuit hang hda ndng nghiep d nude cdng nghiep nhe Den Dai hdi VI, san xult hang
ta cd vai ttd, vj tti quan frpng hang diu frong toan hda ndng nghiep da dugc nhan tiiirc lai ve tam quan
bg nin kinh tl qude dan Bdi vi nd dap iing dugc cl frgng sd mdt ciia nd, nen da dugc uu tien de san
ba chuong ttinh, muc tieu ldn vl luong tiiyc - tiiyc xuat va phit tiien Budc chuyen ve nhan tiiiic nay phim, hIng tieu dimg va bing xuit khiu Dai bdi da din den hanh dpng va hieu qui tiiyc te Tap neu rd: "Yeu cau cap bach ve luong tiiyc, tiiyc tiung, uu tien de san xuat hang hda ndng ngMep, phim, vl nguyen lieu san xuit bing tieu diing, ve nen til chd lam khdng du luong tiiyc, tiiyc pham
hang xult khau quyet djnh vi ti hdng ddu cua nong dap iing nhu cau thiet yeu va tdi tiiieu ciia nhin dan,
nghiep Phai dua ndng ngMep tien mpt budc tiieo den nay, fren pham vi ca nude, nMn chung da ca
hudng san xult ldn, nham tang nhanh khdi lugng ban dim bao dugc an ninh luong tiiyc
va ty suit hang hda ndng san Ndng ngMep phai Khdng chi nhan thiic diing ve vai frd, vi tii duge uu tien dip img nhimg nhu eau ve diu tu xay quan frgng hang dau eua san xult hang hda frong dung CO sd vat chat - ky tiiuat, ve vat tti, ve lao dpng ndng nghiep va viec chuyen nen kinh te ndng
ky tiiuat"; "Ndng ngMep va cac nganh cdng nghiep nghiep tiir tii cap, tii tiie len san xult hIng hda la nhe phai tao ra san pham xult khau dip img dugc viec lam mang tinh cap bach Ding Cdng san nhu cau nhap khau cua minb va ddng gdp ngoai te Viet Nam cdn dinh hudng kha nhieu chinh sich, cho nha nude"' Tir nhan tiiiic dung tim quan frgng bien phip dl thyc hien nhiem vu ljch sii dd nbu tiie eua ndng ngMep ndi chung, ciia san xult Sin xuat bing hda ndng ngMep ciing nhu san xuit hang hda ndng nghiep de xult khau, frao doi fren tiij bing hda ndi chung deu phii quan tam vin dl tiii tiucmg tiie gidi ndi rieng, Dang da ed chu tiuong, tiudng Day la noi mua bin, frao doi hIng hda, la noi
tiie Men rd, chinh xae nhat kha nang cung d p ciia
* Hoc vien CT-HC Quoc gia Ho Chi Minh ngudi san xuat vl nhu du, mile do tieu dimg cua xa
50 TAP CHl UCH SUOANG-Sd 10/2008
Trang 2TRAO DOI
hpi Tai Dai hdi lan tiiii VHI, Dang da nhin manh van
de tiij tiudng frong san xuit hang hda, xac djnh tiii
tiudng djnh budng xa hpi ehu ngbia la mpt tiie tiidng
nhat vdi nhieu lye lugng tiiam gia san xuat va luu
tiiong, dd "vira la can cii, vira la ddi tirgng eiia ke
hoach"; cbii tiuong gan tiii tiudng frong nude vdi tiii
tiucmg the gidi Dai hgi X eiia Dang chu tiuong phat
tiien d e thi tiudng ca ban nhu tiu tiudng hang boa va
djch vu, tiij ttudng tai chinb, tiij ttudng bat ddng sin,
tiij tiudng sire lao ddng, tiii tiudng khoa hgc va cdng
nghe^ nham phat tiien kinh tl sin xuit hang hda ndi
chung frong do cd san xuat hang hda ndng ngMep
Nhirng quan mem mdi va chu tiuong, bien phap ve tiii
tiudng nhu tiie da ttiyc sy khuyen kMch ngudi san
xuat, don vj sin xult phat buy sang kien de ha gia
tiianh, nang cao nang suit lao dgng va chat lugng sin
pham, hap din ngudi tieu dimg, lam cho san xuat hang
h d phat tiien, ddi sdng nhan din ngay mdt nang cao
Tuy nhien, cung phai thay rang, quan tam van
de thj trudng mdi chi la mpt ttong nhieu chii
traong, bien phap de chuyen nen kinh te ndng
nghiep cdn khdng ft tinh chat, bieu hien ty cap, tii
Mc len san xuat bang hda
Dang ta nhan manh, phai tang cudng vai frd
ciia Nha nude frong quan ly kinh te de cho san
xuat hang boa ndi chung trong do bao ham san
xuat hang hda ndng nghiep phat trien
Mot frong nhirng frpng tam ciia ddi mdi co che
qdn ly kinh te frong ndng nghiep la chinh sleh dat
dai Dai hpi VI cua Dang nhan manh: "Sira ddi, bd
sung cac chinh sach ve dlt radng va cac loai dat
khac de quan ly, su dung cd hieu qua va tiet kiem tii
nguyen dat"^ Bio cao chutii tii tai Dai hdi EX viet:
" thyc hien tdt cac chuih sach ve rapng dat, phit
ttien ndng nghiep toan dien, tieu tiiu ndng san hang
h6a"l Qua tiinh tiiyc hien cbinh sach rapng dat
ttong san xult ndng nghiep da dat dugc nhieu ket
qua dang ghi nhan Chinh sach khoan hg tiieo Nghj
quyet 10 cua Bd CMnh tti (tiiang 4-1988) da phat huy dugc quyen lam chii va tuih tich eye ttong sin xuat bang boa ndng nghiep ciia mdi ca nhan, mdi
bg gia dinh ngudi lao dpng, lam cho hp gan bd hon vdi san pham bang hoa ndng nghiep cudi cimg do minh tao ra, tao dugc dgng lye mdi, tiiuc diy san xult hang boa ndng nghiep phat ttien
Nhirng ehii ttuong, chuih sleh ve radng dlt frong ndng ngMep da gdp phan lam cbo sin xult ndng ngMep Viet Nam phat ttien kha nhanh, manh Trade
dd, san xult ndng ngMep Viet Nam khdng du cung cap luong tbuc cho tieu dimg ciia ca nude, hang nam cbiing ta phai mua tiiem, phai nhan vien frg khdng boan lai mot lugng luong tiiyc khdng nhd ciia nMeu nude anh em Den nay, ndng ngMep Viet Nam da tao ra dugc mot khdi lugng liia gao dii dap img cho nhan dan d nude, cdn du va xult khau dugc mot lugng gao kha ldn Nam 2005, Viet Nam diing tiiii hai fren tiie gidi ve xult khau gao'
Thanh tyu dd cd nguyen nhan quan frpng til viec tiiyc hien chinh sach rapng dat dimg dan cua Dang Tuy nhien, viec van dung, thyc bien chinh sach ay cdn cd diem can dugc xem xet, khac phuc Nhieu noi, qui dat cdng Uong san xuat ndng nghiep da bj chiem lan lam dat rieng hoac de xay dung nhirng cdng trinh cdng cdng Nhirng vi pham frong quan ly va su dung dat ndng nghiep; thieu qui hoach frong qua trinh dd thj hda da can trd sy phat trien cua san xuat bang boa ndng nghiep va sy phat frien eua nen kinh te - xa hpi
De chuyen manh san xuat ndng nghiep cdn nhieu tinh chat, bieu hien tii cap, tu Mc len san xuat bang hda ban nua, Dang Cpng san Viet Nam rat chil frpng ap dung cac bien phap tien bp khoa hoc,
ky tiiuat va cdng nghe frong phat tiien kinh te nong nghiep tiieo hucing sin xuat hang boa C.Mac va Ph.Angghen da tilng khang djnh vai frd ciia khoa hpc - ky tiiuat la dpng lye thuc dly xa hpi tien len
Trang 3TRAO Ddl
Thdi dai ngay nay la tiidi dai khoa hpc, ky tiiuat va
cdng nghe phat tiiln nhu vu bao Luc niy, dan tdc,
dit nude nao ung dung dugc nhieu thanh tint ciia
khoa hgc va cdng nghe tiii se cd mot frong nhimg
dilu kien, ylu td rit quan frgng de phit frien kinh te
- xa hdi nhanh, manh Do nhan tiiirc dugc dieu dd
nen til tiudc tiidi ky ddi mdi, Ding da cd chu
fruong, bien phap ap dung "nhimg tiilnh tyu mdi
ciia khoa hgc, ky tiiuat" de lam cho sin xuit ndng
nghiep phat tiiln' Dang nhan manh phai lam cho
khoa hpe - ky tiiuat that su frd tiianh mpt ddng lye
to ldn diy nhanh qua tiinh phat tiien kinh te - xa hdi
ciia dit nude, phai tiep tiic phit tiien, dua ndng
nghiep len mdt frinh dp mdi bang img dung tien bd
khoa bgc va cdng nghe, nbat II cdng nghe sinh hgc,
phii phat tiien manh khoa hpe va cdng nghe nham
phit tiien kinh te - xa hpi ndi chung, frong dd bao
ham san xuat hang hda ndng nghiep^
Diu thang 7-2008, Tai HNTU" 7 Khoi X,
Dang ta da hpp ban vl ra Nghj quyet ve ndng
nghiep, ndng thdn va ndng dan Day la budc phat
frien quan trpng frong nhan thirc Man cua Dang ta
ddi vdi mdt ttong nhimg van de quan frgng hang
dau ciia dlt nude trong thdi ky CNH, HDH
Chil tiuong, cMnh sIcM bien phap phit tiien nen
kinh te Viet Nam ndi chung va kinh te sin xult hang
hda ndng ngMep cua nude ta ndi rieng kM dugc td
chirc tiiue hien da lam cho t'uib binh luong tiiye
-tiiyc pham cd chuyen bien tdt: til chd titieu an tiien
mien, nam 1988 cdn phai nhap bon 45 van tan gao,
den nam 1991, tiic la sau 5 nam ddi mdi, chimg ta da
vuon len dap img dugc nbu cau frong nude, cd dy
tiir va xuat khau, gdp phan quan frgng dn djnh ddi
sdng ciia nhan din va d i titien can can xuat - nhap
khau Sau hon 20 nam ddi mdi, nen kinh te Viet
Nam, frong do cd kinh te sin xult bing hda ndng
nghiep da 'vugt qua tiidi ky suy giam, dat tdc do tang
tiudng kha cao va phat tiien tiiong ddi toan dien'
Sau hon 20 nam ddi mdi, tinh chit ty d p , tir
Mc, lac bau cua nin Mnh tl ndng nghiep nude ta
da dugc khlc phuc vl co bin Kmh te ndng nghiep Viet Nam Men nay dang chuyin manh sang sin xuat bing hda Chle chin rang, dudi sy lanh dao cua Ding vl quIn ly cua Nha nude phap quyen xa hdi chu nghia, chiing ta se cdn thu dugc nhimg tiianh tiju ldn hon nira frong phat ttien nen kinh te sin xuit hang hda ndng nghiep tiieo co che tiij Uudng djnh hudng xa hgi chu nghia
-1
1 4 Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dai hpi
dai biiu todn quPc ldn thie VI, ST, H, 1987, fr.48-51,49 \
2 Xem Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hpi ; dai biiu lodn quSc ldn Ihu VUI, CTQG, H, 1996, fr97-100 j
3 Xem Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: Van kien Dgi hoi '
dgi biiu todn quPc ldn thuX,CTQG,E,20%,\r.S0-S2 \
5 Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hpi dgi j
biiu lodn quPc ldn lhu:Li(,CVQ3,}i,2m,tx.\25 \
6 Xem Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: Van kien Dgi hpi i
dgi biiu lodn qude ldn MX, CTQG, H, 2006, fr 143 \
1 Xem Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: Bdo cdo chinh •
ti ciia Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang Ddng lgi Dgi hpi j dgi bieu lodn quoc ldn thie IV, ST, H, 1977, fr.75
8 Xem Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi \
hpi dai bieu todn quPc ldn Ihic VI, ST, H, 1987, fr.75 j
va 80; Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hpi I
dgi biiu lodn quPe ldn MD(, CTQG, H, 2001, fr.92- ;
93; Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi hpi dgi \
biiu todn quPc ldn lhuX,CJQO,}i,2006,ti.W j
9 Xem Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dgi \
hpi dgi biiu todn quPc ldn M VII, ST, H, 1991, fr.l8; !
Dang Cpng san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dai hpi dpi bieu i
lodn quPe ldn MX, CTQG, H, 2006, fr.56 1
52 TAP CHl UCH Sir DANG-SO 10/2008