Cha-vet se vugt qua mpi khd khan, thach tiiiic, bao ve viing chac nhung thanh tyu da cd, thue hien thanh cdng nhiing muc tieu eao ea, mang lai hanh phiic cho nhan dan Ve-ne-xu-e-la v[r]
Trang 1The gidi: Van de - Su kien Tapchicdngson
VE-Nl-XU-E-LA: NHUNG THACH THU^C
CUA CACH MANG VAN CON 01 PHJA TRUdC
AJ-•If
• •-•:^-< vb T A N G O C T A N
Trong nhitng ndm gdn day, du ludn qudc te, nhdt Id nhirng ngudi yeu
A A
chudng hda binh, ddn ehu vd ehu nghia xd hpi rdt quan tdm din hien
tugng Ve-ni-xu-e-la vdi viee dng U-gd Cha-vet trung cu lam Tdng thdng
lien tiep hai nhiem ky vd thue hien mpt logt hogt dpng vdi mue dich cdng
A A
bd cdng khai Id: tien hdnh cudc edeh mgng Bd-li-va, xdy dung ehu nghia
xd hpi the ky XXI Vgy thue chdt eua "eupe each mgng" ndy Id gi, nd dang
A A \ A
phai ddi mat vdi nhirng vdn de gi vd tuang lai eua nd nhu thi ndo, do Id
nhitng cdu hdi md khdng it ngudi dang dgt ra Tuy nhien, viec trd loi
nhirng cdu hoi do khdng dan gidn, ddi hdi phdi cd su nghiin cuu, tim hieu
ky cdng, sdu sdc tit nhieu phuong dien khde nhau Nhirng gi md chung tdi
thu nhdn duge tu chuyin di lam viec ngdn ngdy a Ve-ne-xu-e-la chdc cdng
ehi mdi Id nhitng suy nghi sagidn tu kit qud eua su quan sdt true tiep vd
tit nhitng y kiin cua nhirng ngudi trong cudc hay nhirng ngudi dang hdng
ngdy tdn mdt chung kien nhirng gi dang dien ra a ddt nude ndy Song edng
hy vgng rdng, tit do se ggi mdra mdt vdi dieu de ehung ta tiep tue suy nghi
khi theo ddi cudc each mgng dang dien ra a Ve-ne-xu-e-la
A
Dat nuwc va con nguoi Ve-ne-xu-e-la v l vi tri dia ly, Ve-ne-xu-e-la each xa Viet
,, , , , , , ' ^ Nam hon mdt niia vdng Uai dat Khi d
Ca-ra-Ve-ne-xu-e-la nam a dong - bac cua phan luc ^^^ j ^ ^ ^^ Ca-ra-Ve-ne-xu-e-la la 6 gid 30 phut t6i
dja Nam My, dugc bao bpc boi bien Ca-ri-be a ^^i d Ha Ndi da la 6 gid sang ngay hdm sau
phia bac va Dai Tay Duong a phia ddng Tren j^y ^^^^^^ Ve-ne-xu-e-la ciing nIm Uen mdt vT
dat hen, Ve-ne-xu-e-la co chung bien gidi vdi tuyg^ vdi nude ta, vi thi giira 2 nude cd nhilu
Guy-an-na d phia dong, vdi Bra-xin d phia su gidng nhau vl khi hau, cay cdi Tiiy theo
nam va vdi C6-16m-bi-a d phia lay Dien tich khu vuc tii phia nam Ien phia bic va dp cao ma
cua Ve-ne-xu-e-la tren 916.000 km^ tiic la ldn khi hau cua Ve-ne-xu-e-la chuyin tir nhiet ddi
hon dien tich nude ta gin ba lln, trong khi dd ndng Im tdi dn hda Thu dd Ca-ra-cat nIm d
dan so chi cd gan 28 trieu ngudi, chua bing 1/3 phia dong - bic, each bd biln vai ehuc km va d
dan sd cua ta Thu nhap binh quan theo diu trong mdt thung lung niii rdng ldn vdi dp cao
ngudi khoang 10.000 USD/nam Uen 800 m, khi hau quanh nam mat me, cay cdi
86 So 808 (thang 2 nam 2010)
Trang 2Thd gidi: Van dd - Su kien T p p chf C ^ n g s d n
xanh tuoi Di tren dudng pho Ca-ra-cat cd the
thay rat nhieu nhiing loai cay c6 d nude ta nhu:
chudi, da, xoai, tre, lat, cp, cau, gao gai, si
xanh
Phia bac Ve-ne-xu-e-la chinh la diem khdi
diu cua day nui An-det ldn nhat luc dja Nam
My O day cd dinh nui cao nhat ca nude - dinh
B6-li-va cao 4.979 m Virng trung tam
Ve-ne-xu-e-la la nhiing ddng bang rpng ldn, dat dai
phi nhieu, mau md, trai dai tu bien gidi vdi
nude Co-ldm-bi-a d phia lay den dong bang
chau thd sdng 0-ri-nd-cd d bd bien phia ddng
Phia nam cua dat nude chinh la mpt phan ciia
cao nguyen Guy-an-na rpng ldn, noi cd thac
nude An-ghen hung vT cao nhat the gidi
>> A A A ^
Ve-ne-xu-e-la ndi tieng the g^ioi la dat nuac
CO thien nhien tuoi dep, nguon tai nguyen
khoang san dii dao, nhat la dau mq Dau mo
chilm tdi 1/3 GDP, 80% gia trj xult khau va
dong g6p qua nua ngan sach nha nude Nhung
khoan thu khdng 16 tir diu mo da cho phep
Ve-ne-xu-e-la phat triin he thdng kit cau ha
ting ky thuat hien dai vao bac nhat khu vuc
Nam My
Nhirng kit qua nghien ciiu khao co cho
thIy, tii 15.000 nam trudc day da c6 con ngudi
sinh sdng tai viing dit Ve-ne-xu-e-la Tuy
nhien, hlu nhu ljch su dit nude nay chi dugc
bill din vao diu thi ky XVI, sau khi Crit-xtop
C6-16m-bd phat hien ra chau My va nhimg
doan quan thue dan nguoi Tay Ban Nha bat
diu qua trinh xam lupc dl thiet lap cac thuoc
dja Ngay 5-7-1811, sau cupc ndi day dudi su
linh dao cua tudng Phrang-xit-xco Do
Mi-ran-da, Ve-ne-xu-e-la da tuyen bl ddc lap
Nhung chi mdt nam sau, quan dpi Tay Ban
Nha da quay^ trd lai dan ap Tudng Mi-ran-da
bj bit va chit trong nguc tii d Tay Ban Nha
Din nam 1830, nude Ve-ne-xu-e-la mdi chinh
thirc dugc ra ddi nhd thing lgi ciia cupc dau
Uanh dudi sy lanh dao cua ngudi anh hiing dan
tpc Si-mdn Bd-li-va Tir khi ong U Cha-vet
lam Tdng thdng, hp cua Si-mdn Bd-li-va dugc
dua vao qudc hieu - Nude Cpng hda B6-li-va
Ve-ne-xu-e-la
Sudt trong thdi gian tir 1830 din 1958, cac
chl dp ddc tai quan sy thay nhau cam quyen d
Ve-ne-xu-e-la Den nam 1958, cac phong trao dan chu da loai bd vai tro thong tri xa hpi cua quan dpi va thue hien bau cir ty do Sau khi
triing cu va Ma thanh Tong thong tir thang
2-1998, ong U Cha-vet bat dau tien hanh mpt loat chinh sach tien bp nham cai each kinh te
-xa hpi va tuyen bo bat tay vao "cupc each mang B6-h-va", xay dung "chu nghia xa hpi thi ky XXI"
Tong thdng U Cha-vet va cong cuoc xay dung chii nghia xa hoi the kyXXI
U Cha-vet sinh trudng trong mpt gia dinh tri thiic d bang Ba-ri-nat thuoc viing An-det Ca cha va me ong deu la giao vien Nam 1975, ong tit nghiep Hpc vien Quan sy Ve-ne-xu-e-la va dugc phong quan ham thieu iiy phao binh Cupc ddi binh nghiep ciia dng da ket thue vao ngay 13-2-1992, khi ong dang la trung ta, lir doan trudng lii doan dii mang ten Ni-c6-lat Bri-se-no va da chi huy 300 quan dudi quyen minh tiln hanh dao chinh quan sir nham lat do chinh quyIn duong thdi Chien djch dao chinh that bai, U Cha-vet bj bit va bj cam tu, nhung ten tudi ong trd thanh noi tieng trong nhan dan Sau hai nam tu, ong dugc an xa vdi dieu kien khong dugc trd lai quan ngu
Sau khi ra tu, U Cha-vet bit dau cac hoat dong chinh tri Ong van dpng cac ban chien dau va mpt so dang vien cac dang canh ta de lap ra Phong trao nen Cpng hoa Thu nam (MVR) nhIm thong qua diu tranh nghj trudng
de nIm chinh quyen, thye hien muc tieu each mang theo tinh thin B6-li-va Trong cupc bau
cu qudc hpi thang 11-1998, MVR gianh dugc 21,3% s6 philu bau, trd thanh dang ldn thii hai ciia dit nude, diing sau Dang Hanh dpng dan chu chilm dugc 21,7% philu blu D I bao dam cho thing lgi trong cupc blu cu tdng thong vao ngay 6-12-1998, MVR do ong U Cha-vet diing diu da van dpng cac dang canh ta nhu: Dang Cpng san Ve-ne-xu-e-la (PCV), Phong trao Tiln Ien chii nghia xa hpi (MAS), Dang To qudc cho tit ca (PPT), cung mpt sd dang canh ta nho khae lap ra khoi Lien minh Yeu nude (PP) Ciing vdi sy cam tinh, ung hd
So 808 (thang 2 nam 20101 87
Trang 3The gidi: Van de - Su kien Tpp chf C^ng sdn
cua nhan dan lao ddng, PP la ca sd chinh trj
quan trpng giup cho qng U Cha-vet thang cii
vdi 56,5% sd phieu bau, trd thanh tdng thdng
canh ta dau tien khong chi d Ve-ne-xu-e-la ma
cdn cua ca khu vyc Nam My vao thdi diem dd
Ngay sau khi nam dugc chinh quyen, Tdng
thdng U Cha-vet da tien hanh mpt loat cai each
c6 tinh each mang nham thye hien muc tieu xay
dung chu nghia xa hpi the ky XXI ma bieu hien
thirc te la hudng tdi cong bang xa hpi bao ve lgi
ich cua nhan dan lao ddng, chdng chu nghTa de
qudc va sy hoc lot tu ban chu nghia
C6 the ndi, nhung van de xa hpi la ndng
bong, biic xiic nhat vao thdi diem khi Tdng
thdng U Cha-vet bat dau thue thi quyen lye
Mac du la mdt dat nude giau co nhat nhi khu
vyc Nam My nhung sy phan hoa giau ngheo
ciing rat khoe liet Hon 43% dan sd sdng dudi
muc ngheo khd D6 cung la bp phan dan cu
khong CO dieu kien tiep can cac djch vu giao
due, y te Ty le that nghiep cao (nam 1999 la
15%), ty le lam phat luon d muc 40% din
60%/nam Nhirng dieu kien xa hpi toi te da day
gan mpt nua dan cu ciia ca nude vao hoan canh
ngheo kho
Tii thang 6-2002, Chinh phu ciia Tong
thdng U Cha-vet da bat tay vao thue hien Ke
hoach chien luge xa hpi 7 nam vdi muc tieu
x6a nan mu chir, cham sdc y te cho ngudi
ngheo, dao tao nghe, tao cong an, viec lam cho
nhiing ngudi that nghiep Tat ca cac boat dpng
trong khuon kho Ke hoach nay deu cd sy tig
cap bang tien cua Chinh phu ' " " ' ','.' T^'
Chuang trinh cham sdc y te dugc thye hien
tii nam 2003 vdi sy trg giiip cua cac bac sT din
tu Cu-ba Hon 5.000 trung tam cham s6c sire
khde dugc xay dyng chu yeu d khu vyc ndng
tiidn, viing kinh te kho khan Chuong trinh nha
d cho ngudi ngheo dugc khdi dpng tir nam
2004 Chinh phu bo tien ra xay dyng ha ting ky
tiiuat cho nhirng khu dan cu mdi va m6i nam
xay dung hang ehuc ngan can hd gia re cho
ngudi ngheo Chinh phu chu dpng^ diiu chinh
gia luong thirc nham chdng nan dau ca, nhap
khau thue pham ban re cho dan Ndi chung, cac
chuang trinh xa hpi da gdp phin cai thien dang
ke cho nhan dan, nhat la bp phan ngudi ngheo
khd d ndng thdn, mien nui va nhiing ngudi nhap cu
y e kinh te, chinh sach chung ciia chinh quyen cua Tdng thong U Cha-vet la qudc hiru hda va gianh quyen kiem soat nhiing nganh kinh te quan trpng then chdt eua dat nude Ddi tugng dugc quan tam dau tien chiiih la nganh cdng nghiep khai thae, che bien dau khi - bp phan sdng cdn ciia nen kinh te Ve-ne-xu-e-la Viec phat hien dau md vao nam 1913 da nhanh chdng bien Ve-ne-xu-e-la thanh diem den hap dan cua cac nha dau tu - cac chu tu ban nude ngoai Hau het cac cdng ty dau md "c6 mau mat" cua cac nude phuong Tay deu nhay vao lam an d Ve-ne-xu-e-la Vao luc cao diem nhat, Ve-ne-xu-e-la khai thac 3,3 trieu thung dau mdi n^ay, diing han^ thu tu trong so cac cudng qudc xuat khau dau md Hau nhu toan
bd boat ddng khai thac d 32 khu md chinh va cac ca sd che bien dau quan Upng nhit deu nam trong tay cac cdng ty den tii My, Anh, Phap, Na Uy nhu: Chevron, Exxon Mobil, ConocoPhillips, BP, Total, StatoU, v.v Thang 4-2006, Qudc hpi quyet dinh nang miic thue cua cac cong ty dau md nude ngoai Ien 33,3% thay vi 16,6% trude dd Hai nam sau, thang
4-2008, muc thue thu nhap ddi vdi cae du an khai thac dau tai luu vyc sdng 0-ri-nd-c6 dugc nang tir 34% Ien 50% Dac biet, nlu gia diu Brent tren thj trudng thi gidi Ien Uen 100 USD/tiiiing thi mire thue se tang Ien 60% Ddng thdi, Chinh phii ciin^ da qudc hiru hda 4 nha may lpc dau d khu vyc 0-ri-nd-cd vdi gia tri Ien den 30
ti USD va cdng suat che bien 60 van thung dau/ngay
Ciing vdi nganh dau khi, chi Uong nam
2008 vdi cac hinh thiic khae nhau, Chinh phii ciia Tdng thdng U Cha-vet da tiln hanh qudc hiru hda mpt loat ca sd tru cdt ciia cac nganh cdng nghiep dien, gang thep, xi-mang, vien thdng nhu: Cdng ty Dien lye Ur nhan EDC (ciia My), Cdng ty Vien thdng CANTV, Tap doan Gang thep Sidor (60% vdn eiia Ac-hen-ti-na),
3 cdng ty san xuat xi-mang ciia cac ehii tu ban nude ngoai - Cemex (Me-hi-cd), Lafarge SA (Phap) va Holcim (Thuy ST) Cudi nam 2009 vira qua, den lugt mdt sd ngan hang tu nhan duge qudc him hda
88 S<i 808 (thang 2 nam 2010)
Trang 4Thi gidi: V^n de - Su kien T p p chf C ^ n g s d n
Trong ndng nghiep, Chinh phu tiln hanh cai
each rupng dat nhIm thu hdi 1 trieu hec-ta dit
bd hoang de giao lai cho nong dan san xult
Nha nude xay dung mdi mpt sd nha may san
xuat phan bdn va ban vdi gia re cho ndng dan,
hgp tac vdi cac chuyen gia ndng nghiep nude
ngoai nhIm hd trg cho ndng dan, kich thich
phat trien san xuat dl ty tue luong thye, thye
pham
Ve chinh tri, thdi gian cam quyIn cua Tdng
thdng U Cha-vet ciing la thdi ky dien ra cudc
dau Uanh quyet Uet de giir chinh quyIn, bao ve
nhiing tiianh qua da e6 va tilp tue thirc hien
nhiing muc tieu to ldn ciia cudc each mang
Trong 10 nam qua da dien ra 14 lln thu thach
cam go vdi cac cudc trung cau dan y, bau cir
qudc hpi, bau cii tdng thdng Phe dii lap chIng
doi mpt each quyet liet bang nhieu hinh thiic,
miic dp khae nhau, khdng chi qua la phieu ma
con sir dung ea hanh dpng khung bd, bao loan
Phai den lan trung cau dan y thii hai, ndi dung
thay ddi Hien phap vdi viec cho phep tdng
thong CO the tai cir nhieu lan mdi dugc thdng
qua (Hien phap cii ciia Ve-ne-xu-e-la quy djnh
nhiem ky tdng thdng chi cd 5 nam va mpt
ngudi chi dugc lam tdng thdng mdt nhiem ky
duy nhit) Trong cac nam 2001, 2002, Hiep hpi
doanh nghiep ma thye chat la td chiic tap hgp
gidi chu tu ban da phat ddng nhieu cupc dinh
cong, bai cdng, gay nen tinh trang tri tre ve
kinh te, bat dn dinh ve xa hpi Sy pha hoai ciia
gidi chii la nguyen nhan chinh dan tdi tinh
trang tang trudng am trong nam 2002 (-8,8%)
va nam 2003 (-7,7%) Tham chi vao thang
4-2002, luc lupn^ ddi lap da lam dao chinh, bit
giam Tdng thong U Cha-vet va lap ra Chinh
phii lam thdi tdn tai 48 tiing Nhiing cupc bieu
tinh rim rd eiia nhan dan lao dpng va hanh
dpng kien quylt eiia luc lugng quan sy tien bp
tmng thanh da dua ong trd lai elm quyIn chi
sau 2 ngay
Cudc blu eu Qudc hdi gin day nhit, ngay
4-12-2005^ phe doi lap tly chay khong tham
gia, vi the Lien minh elm quyen cua Tdng
thing U Cha-vet da gianh dugc loan bp 167
ghi Trong cudc blu cir tdng thdng thang
11-2006, dng U Cha-vet lai gianh dugc da so
philu blu, tai die cii nhiem ky 2007 - 2013
De tao CO sd chinh trj cho each mang, cu6i nam 2007, Tong thing U Cha-vet tuyen bl xuc tiln thanh lap Dang Xa hpi chu nghia thing nhit (PSUV) Dai hpi thanh lap PSUV dien ra tu ngay 12-1 din ngay 9-3-2008 (chi hpp vao cac ngay thii Bay va Chu nhat) da ra Tuyen bd ye nguyen tic cua Dang, blu ra ban lanh dao^om 15 uy vien chinh thue, 15 iiy vien
du khuyet va Tong thing U Cha-vet lam Chii tich Hien nay, PSUV dang tiln hanh Dai hpi lan thii hai, hpp vao thii Bay va Chu nhat m6i tuin tii thang 10-2009 din thang 4-2010 Nhiem vu chu yeu cua Dai hpi lln thu hai ciia PSUV la xay dyng Chinh cirong, Diiu le cua Dang va hoach djnh nhiing chu truong, chinh sach cua Dang trong giai doan hien nay Chinh quyen cua Tong thing U Cha-vet thye thi chinh sach doi ngoai thien ta, iing hp
va hudng den viec xay dung quan he chat che vdi Cu-ba, Viet Nam, Trung Qudc, cac nude co chinh phu canh ta d My La-tinh va vdi cac nude cd xu hudng chong My tren the gidi Dac biet, each mang Cu-ba co anh hudng rat to ldn doi vdi cupc each mang d Ve-ne-xu-e-la Mo hinh xa hpi Cu-ba dupe coi nhu mpt hinh mau
de each mang Ve-ne-xu-e-la hpc tap Ca nhan Tdng thdng U Cha-vet rat ton sung Phi-den Ca-xtro, coi ong nhu ngudi cha va hon the, nhu mpt than tugng each mang Trong thdi diem Cu-ba roi vao hoan canh kh6 khan nhat, Ve-ne-xu-e-la da cung cap dau mo cho Cu-ba vdi gia
re de vuc nen kinh te Phia Cu-ba da giii tdi Ve-ne-xu-e-la hang nghin bac sT, giao vien de kham chira benh, phat trien giao due cho nhiing khu vyc kho khan Nhieu sinh vien tir Ve-ne-xu-e-la dugc chinh phii Cu-ba cap hpc bong de den hpc tai cac trudng dai hpc d Cu-ba Cd the noi Uong nhiing nam vira qua, quan he giua Ve-ne-xu-e-la va Cu-ba da trd nen dac biet gan giii, phat trien loan dien tren cac linh vuc Doi vdi khu vyc My La-tinh va Ca-ri-be, Ve-ne-xu-e-la de cao tinh than doan ket, hpp tac de tao thanh mat tran chung chong cudng quyen, chdng su ap dat cua My Ve-ne-xu-e-la
da ciing Cu-ba dung ra thanh lap khoi lien minh "Giai phap B6-li-va cho chau My" (ALBA) vdi muc dich bao ve chu quyen, dpc lap, chong lai nhirng anh hudng bat loi ciia Khu
So 808 (thang 2 nfim 2010) 8 9
Trang 5The gidi: Van dd - Su kien Tpp chf C^ng sdn
vyc ty do thuong mai toan chau My (FTAA) do
My khdi xudng va chi phoi Hien nay, da cd 9
nude d khu vyc tham gia ALBA la:
Ve-ne-xu-e-la, Cu-ba, Bd-li-vi-a, Ni-ca-ra-goa,
E-cu-a-do, D6-mi-ni-ca, Hdn-du-rat, Xanh Vi-xen va
Gre-na-da, An-ti-goa va Bac-bu-da
Nhung thach thue cua each mang
Mudi nam cam quyen ciia Tong thong
U Cha-vet da dl lai dau an sau sac trong ddi
sing xa hdi, mang lai nhirng thay ddi tich eye
cho dit nude Ve-ne-du-e-la Nhiing thanh tyu
each mang ay cd y nghia rat to ldn doi vdi
khong chi rieng Ve-ne-xu-e-la ma cdn la
nguon CO vu dpng vien manh me doi vdi ea
khu vyc My La-tinh N6i nhu dng Gac-xi-a
P6n-sa, Tong Bien tap bao Vea: "Do la nhung
thanh tyu each mang khdng ai cd the phu nhan
dupe va tir bao ddi nay, nhiing ngudi dan
Ve-ne-xu-e-la hang rna udc D6 cung chinh la
nhiing ca sd cu the, sinh dpng de nhan dan
Ve-ne-xu-e-la tin tudng va ung hp Tong thong U
Cha-vet" Tuy nhien, ciing vdi nhiing ket qua
to ldn CO dugc sau 10 nam thue hien cupc each
mang theo tinh than Bd-li-va va xay dung chu
nghia xa hdi the ky XXI, Ve-ne-xu-e-la ciing
dang ddi mat vdi khdng it khd khan, thach
thue, tham chi co nhiine van de de doa ca su
ton vong cua che dp
Trudc hit, dd la van de dudng loi each mang
va md hinh xa hpi ma Ve-ne-xu-e-la hudng tdi
xay dyng chua dugc xac djnh rd rang Ong U
Cha-vet cung Phong trao Nen cdng hoa thu
nam gianh thang loi va nam chinh quyen thdng
qua con dudng dau tranh nghi vien Sy doan
ket cua mat Iran cac luc lugng canh ta trong
Phong trao nen Cpng hoa thii nam va uy tin ca
nhan eiia ong U Cha-vet da thuyet phue cac
tang ldp dan ngheo dang chiem da sd trong xa
hdi danh la phieu ung hp cho each mang
Nhung sau khi da cam quyen, bat cu mpt lye
lugng chinh trj nao cQng khong the mang lai
nhiing thanh tyu phat trien, su dn djnh ben
vung ciia xa hdi va qua d6 khang djnh dugc
quyen luc cua minh neu khdng co mpt chu
thuyet phat trien diing dan va mpt md hinh xa
hpi du dp ro rang can thiet Ddi vdi each mang
Ve-ne-xu-e-la, hlu nhu chi mdi c6 nhirng dudng net phac thao chung nhat cho hpc thuyet phat triin ly Ca ndi dung cudc each mang Bd-li-va va md hinh cua "chu nghTa xa hdi tiie
ky XXI" mdi chi dugc biet tdi qua nhiing tuyen
bd cua Tong thdng, qua nhiing chuang trinh kinh tl - xa hdi cu tiie dugc Tdng tiidng dua ra thye hien
Nhung ngudi each mang Ve-ne-xu-e-la rat quan tam nghien cuu, hpc tap md hinh xa hpi ciing nhiing kinh nghiem d cac nude xa hpi chu nghia nhu Cu-ba, Viet Nam, Trung Quoc Nhung md hinh nao, kinh nghiem nao se phu hgp vdi diiu kien cua Ve-ne-xu-e-la? Do la mdt cau hdi khdng de va cd the la chua co dugc cau tra Idi cu the, c6 he thdng Tren thue te, mpt s6 chuong trinh xa hdi nhu chuang trinh xay dyng cac cdng xa, tao viec lam cho ngudi dan hay viec qudc huu hda mpt sd ngan hang
tu nhan vao thdi dilm cudi nam 2009, ngay trudc thim le No-en chuaphai da mang lai hieu qua nhu trong dgi Mdt sd can bp trong bp may chinh quyIn cua Tdng thdng U Cha-vet giai thich ring, each mang Ve-ne-xu-e-la nhu mpt
"dua tre", dang can hpc tap, trai nghiem mdi trudng thanh Tuy nhien, ai ciing hieu rang, de chiin thing dugc cac the lye ddi lap va quan ly, phat trien dit nude thi "dua tre" ay phai trudng thanh nhanh chdng va mpt dau hieu dau tien cua sy trudng thanh ay chinh la mpt dudng idi each mang diing dan, mdt md hinh xa hpi hop ly
Thu hai, ca sd ehinh trj - xa hdi ciia each
mang Ve-ne-xu-e-la chua dugc cung cd de bao dam dp tin cay, chd dya vung chac cho viec giir chinh quyIn va thye hien cdng cupc cai tao xa hpi, xay dyng dat nude Ca sd ay trudc het va quan trpng nhat la mpt chinh dan^ each mang ldn manh Nhan thue dugc dieu ay, thang
12-2006, Tong thdng U Cha-vet tuyen bd xuc tiln thanh lap PSUV nhIm thay thi cho Phong Uao Nin cpng hda thii nam, lanh dao cong cuoc each mang hien nay Ong tuyen bd nguyen tac, PSUV se la dang each mang cam quyen Mpi cdng dan Ve-ne-xu-e-la ung hp each mang deu c6 the gia nhap PSUV Cac dang thanh vien cua lien minh cam quyen mudn tham gia PSUV phai ty giai tan, neu khdng giai tan van
9 0 So 808 (thang 2 nam 2010)
Trang 6Thd gioi: Van d e - Su kien T p p chf C ^ n g s d n
CO the boat dpng dpc lap nhung se khdng tiep
tue tham gia chinh phu
Den thang 6-2007, chi sau khdng day mpt
thang tiep nhan da cd 5,6 trieu ngudi dang ky
tham gia PSUV Chi sau hon mdt nam thanh
lap, den nay PSUV da cd 6,5 trieu dang vien,
chiem xap xi 1/4 dan sd Nhirng ngudi mudn
gia nhap PSUV chi can nhan ng6n tay vao may
dang ky, may tinh se ty ddng nhan dien qua
van tay luu trii trong he thong quan ly chiing
minh nhan dan va ghi ten vao danh sach
Khong cd bat cu yeu cau gi khae ve ly ljch
chinh tri, trinh dd hoc van, thanh phan xa hoi
Vdi each thu nhan dang vien nhu the, ai co the
biet dugc quan diem chinh trj, muc dich vao
dang cua mdi ngUOT la gi, c6 nhung ke ca hpi,
tham chi nhiing phan tii khieu khich, pha hoai
chui vao dang hay khong?
Dang Cpng san Ve-ne-xu-e-la va mpt vai
dang nho trong lien minh cam quyen da khdng
giai tan de gia nhap PSUV Cac dang nay, mpt
mat, khong chip nhan viec phai ty giai tan; mat
khae, ciing chua the tin cay yi chua biet rd nen
tang tu tudng va dudng loi each mang ciia
PSUV Mac du cac dang nay van iing hp Tong
thing U Cha-vet, nhung d mpt miic dp nhat
djnh, c6 thi thIy da cd sy chia re mpt bp phan
luc lugng each mang, mpt van de khong nen de
xay ra khi each mang cdn khdng it kh6 khan,
phiic tap
Hien nay, PSUV dang tiln hanh Dai hpi de
thao luan va thong qua dudng idi cua Dang
(Dai hdi hop vao cac ngay thii Bay va Chu nhat
rir thang 11-2009 den thang 3-2010) Ve
nguyen tic, PSUV hudng tdi xay dyng mpt
dang chinh trj lanh dao loan xa hpi vl tit ca cac
ITnh vyc theo hudng kit hgp tu tudng giai
phdn^ ciia Bd-li-va va chii nghia xa hpi Mpt
si van dl quan trpng dugc dua vao npi dung
thao luan tai Dai hdi nhu: chu truang trao
quyIn cho nhan dan lao dpng, tao ca che dan
chii rpng rai cho nhan dan tham gia quyet djnh
cac van dl qudc kl dan sinh, blu true tiep va
phi trult cac quan chiic chinh quyen; xay dung
mo hinh kinh tl kl hoach hda dan chu, ngay
cang thda man nhu clu ciia ngudi dan, lay hpc
tiiuylt ehiln tranh nhan dan lam ca sd de xay
dung nen qudc phong, an ninh; chinh sach doi ngoai chu trpng hang dau den khoi lien ket khu vyc va sy doan ket vdi luc lugng xa hpi chu nghia qudc te, v.v Tuy nhien, mpt trong nhiing van de cot tu cua PSUV la nen tang tu tudng va dudng loi each mang van con chua ro rang Trong khi chua xac djnh ro dudng loi, chu truang ciia each mang, viec dieu hanh cua PSUV va chinh phu hau nhu phu thuoc tuyet ddi vao quan diem, y tudng ciia ca nhan Tong thdng U Cha-vet
Thu ha, dd la van de can bp, nguon nhan luc
cho cong cupc xay dyng phat trien va quan ly dat nude Dpi ngii can bp cua PSUV cung nhu cua Chinh phu Ve-ne-xu-e-la hien nay chu yeu
la nhiing ngudi boat dpng chinh tri trong Phong trao Nen cpng hoa thir nam va mpt bpphan can
bd tre trudng thanh trong thdi gian Tong thong
U Cha-vet cam quyen Dpi ngii can bp ay khong chi thieu ve so lugng ma con han che nhilu mat, nhat la kien thiic, ky nang quan ly nha nude, quan ly dieu hanh kinh te, xa hpi Trong khi d6, mpt bp phan khong nho nhung n^udi c6 kien thirc, kinh nghiem quan ly kinh
te, diiu hanh san xuat da rdi khoi dat nude Ho
la nhiing ngudi thuoc ve gidi chii, mpt so chuyen gia da gin bd lgi ich vdi gidi chu hoac bit man vdi cac chinh sach cua chinh phii duong thdi Nhung khoang trong do bp phan ngudi nay de lai khong de co the lap kin trong thdi gian ngan Tinh trang nay gay ra nhiing kh6 khan, dac biet la d cac ca sd san xuat dau
mo, cac nha may, xi nghiep, ca sd dich vu ma nha nude mdi quoc hiru hoa Nhirng ngudi cong nhan lao dpng thay the nhung ngudi quan
ly, cac chuyen gia ky thuat kh6 co the dap ling tit ddi hoi cua cdng viec trong mpt sdm mpt chieu
Cong viec dao tao can bp cua PSUV va Chinh phu cua Tong thing U Cha-vet hlu nhu mdi chi bit diu Trudng Dai hpc B6-li-va - ca
sd dao tao can bp cua Chinh phu mdi chi khai giang nhirng khoa hpc dau tien Nhiem vu dat
ra cho nha trudng nay la dao tao nhimg cong nhan, thanh nien con em ngudi lao dpng thanh nhiing can bd chuyen mon ndng cot cua PSUV
va Chinh phii Do la mpt nhiem vu qua ldn so
So 808 (thang 2 nam 201()i 91
Trang 7The gidi: Van dd - Su kien Tpp chf C^ng sdn
vdi nhimg diiu kien thue te ciia nha trudng ve
ngudi day, ve ca sd vat chat, ve ndi dung giao
trinh, tai lieu v.v olj i)^
Thif tu, an ninh, trat ty xa hpi dang la van de
ndng bdng d Ve-ne-xu-e-la Nan Udrn cirdp
hoanh hanh, phu bdng nang ne Ien ddi sdng cua
ngudi dan, nhit la ddi vdi khach du ljch va
ngudi nude ngoai den lam viec O thu dd
Ca-ra-cat, nhung vu tpi pham su dun^ siing eudp
xe d-to, uln lot ngudi di dudng, bat cdc con tin
ting tiln xay ra nhu cam biia Dau thang
11-2009, din ca mot vien dai ta canh sat ciing bj
bit c6c de ddi tien chudc va da bj sat hai^ Bpn
tpi pham cd thi eudp ngay nhirng chiee xe
dang diing chd den do d nhirng nga tu phd ddng
diic Vi thi, sau 8 gid toi, ngudi dan duge phep
lai xe vugt den dd Mac dii chinh phu quan ly
siing dan nhung bpn tpi pham van tim ra vii khi
n6ng tu nhieu nguon khae nhau
Sy phan hoa giau ngheo qua nan^ ne do xa
hdi cii de lai ciing tao nen nhirng bat on trong
xa hdi Ve-ne-xu-e-la Mdt bd phan ngudi
ngheo sdng trdng chd, phu thude vao su ho trp
cua chinh phu Ngudi ta xep hang dai dang dac
trudc cac cua hang nha nude de mua thue pham
gia re do Chinh phii cung cap Mpt bd phan
ngudi ngheo khd hau nhu bi gat ra ngoai ria xa
hdi, bj luu manh hda Ngay cua ngd Ca-ra-cat,
Uen dudng tu thanh phd ra san bay, ed nhirng
khu nha d chudt Uen lung chung niii, noi ma
ngay ca canh sat ciing khdng dam budc chan
tdi, nhat la vao ban dem
Viec thiet lap lai an ninh, Uat ty xa hdi d
Ve-ne-xu-e-la cang kho khan^ do tinh trang
phan tan cat cir ciia canh sat O day, canh sat
dugc to chiic theo tiing quan mdt each rieng re,
khong cd moi quan he vdi nhau Canh sat truy
bat eudp den ranh gidi quan bupc phai diing
lai, khdng c6 quyen xam nhap vao quan khae
Viec canh sat quan nay xam nhap quan khae
ciing nguy hiem nhu ddi mat vdi bpn eudp ed
vii Uang bang siing De khae phue tinh Uang
nay, Chinh phii dang xiic tien ke hoach thanh
lap lye lugng canh sat qudc gia thdng nhat duy
nhat Song viec nay ciing khdng de do viec xu
ly cac td chue canh sat d cac quan se dung
cham den quyen ty trj ciia cac quan
Thu ndm, vai Ud qua to ldn, qua quyet dinh
eua ea nhan Tdng thdng U Cha-vet Day ciing
la mdt dac dilm chung, de thay eiia hau het cac cudc each mang d khu vyc My La-tinh Cd the ndi, d Ve-ne-xu-e-la, viec doan ket cac lye lugng each mang, gianh thing lgi Uong bau cii hay edng^cude each mang ed phat trien tiep tue khdng deu phu thuoc vao vai u6 ciia Tdng tiidng U Cha-vet NIU dng U Cha-vet khdng cdn nIm quyen tdng thdng thi khd ai c6 the thay thi va rihiing thanh Urn each mang se kho Uanh khdi dd vd
Ngay boat ddng cua PSUV va sy dieu hanh cua Chinh phu Ve-ne-xu-e-la hien nay cung phu thude qua nhieu vao ca nhan tdng thdng Tdng thdng cd the nhanh chdng quyet dinh diiu mdt vi phd tdng thdng di lain quan trudng, mdt nu bp trudng di lam giam ddc mdt cdng ty diu md Tdng thdng ciing tryc tiep dua ra va quyet djnh thye hien cac chinh sach, chuang trinh hinh ddng Day la diem thuan lgi, tao diiu kien cho Tdng thdng quyet doan, chii ddng trong lanh dao dang, dieu hanh chinh phu Nhung day ciing la gdt chan a-sin cua each mang Ve-ne-xu-e-la ma phe ddi lap cd the khai thac de chdng pha
Trong qua khii, nhan dan Ve-ne-xu-e-la cd cam tinh dac biet vdi cudc chien dau chdng My cuu nude ciia ta, diln hinh la vu cac du kich ^ bit sdng ten trung ta, phd tuy vien quan sy My tai Ca-ra-cat dl ddi doi lay nr do cho anh hiing Nguyen Van Trdi Ngay nay, Tdng thdng
U Cha-vet, Chinh phii va nhan dan Ve-ne-xu-e-la vin danh cho Viet Nam nhung tinh cam tdt dep, sy ung hd tich eye Nhiing ngudi cdng san
va nhan dan Viet Nam rat quan tam theo ddi vdi tinh than iing hd, mong mudn eupc each mang cua nhan dan Ve-ne-xu-e-Ia dudi su lanh dao cua Tdng thdng U Cha-vet se vugt qua mpi khd khan, thach tiiiic, bao ve viing chac nhung thanh tyu da cd, thue hien thanh cdng nhiing muc tieu eao ea, mang lai hanh phiic cho nhan dan Ve-ne-xu-e-la va ddng gdp tich cue cho phong Uao hda binh, xa hdi chii nghTa Uen the gidi.Q
92 So 808 (thang 2 nam 2010)