Mac dil thuyet trinh la nen tang ciia ldp hpc va la sir lira chpn ciia hiu hdt cac ndn su pham tren the gidi, cae nha giao due va sinh vien Bic My van thich thay phin ldn cac gid thuye[r]
Trang 1VAN HOA DAY VA HOG PHUONG DONG VA PHUONG TAY
PHAM T H A N H N G H I '
Dat van de
Toan ciu hoa, hdi nhap qudc te va xu thd tuong tac xuyen qudc gia dupe tang tdc trong hon hai muoi nam qua dang anh hudng manh me den giao due v i dang tic dpng true tiep den vide day va hpc ngay trdn ldp hpc Co hdi day va hpc lidn van boa tdn tai d hiu bet cac qudc gia tham gia hdi nhap, nhung co hpi nay dae bidt dupe thay ro nhit d nhtrng qudc gia cd dudng ldi hdi nhap qudc td manh me Trong mdi trudng ldp hpc qudc te, van hoa day va hpc mdi dang dupe hinh thanh Tri tud, hpc t i p va bdi canh giao due trong mdi trudng lidn van boa dan xen vao nhau mdt each phiic tap dd tao dung nhtrng ban sac lidn van boa Khdng thidu nhiing vi du trong mdi trudng bpc tip d tren ldp hpc cd sir giao thoa van hoa dang didn ra Ngudi day v i ngudi bpc ed the tir nhiing ndn van hoa khac nhau hay da dupe xa hdi boa trong nhtrng ndn van boa khac nhau, mang theo nhiing ban sac van boa khac nhau, vdi nhtmg quan nidm, tridt ly, he gia tri va
ca nhtrng hanh vi cd thd rat khic nhau, nhtrng cai da tao nen binh hai eua vide day va hpc, ma ta gpi la van hoa day va hpc, rat khac nhau Sir khac nhau nay khdng tdn tai lau, neu hp tiep tue lam vide vdi nhau Nhtrng thanh vidn nay tham gia v i o qua trinh day va hpc va hp cd cam nhan rang hp dang dupe kdt ndi vd mat xa hdi, van boa v i ngdn ngir, ddng thdi, hp van cd the duy tri trong minh nhtrng net van hoa tmydn thdng va he gii tri dupc tao dung ttr nen tang gia dinh, "tinh each" dan tdc v i hp ciing ed k h i nang chap nhan nhtrng cai gi dd den tir bdn ngoai, tao dung dupe hung thu v i tang cudng kidn thiic,
ky nang Dang cd sir khac biet, xung dot giua hai each tidp can khac nhau: day hpc dinh hirdng ngudi day hay sir dinh hudng tdi ndi dung va day hpc dinh budng ngudi hpc hay sir dinh hudng ten sir hpc tap Cd the se la khdng tuydt ddi, nhung dd l i hai each tiep can ciia he thdng su pham phuong Ddng va he thdng su pham phuong Tay Bai viet nay se di sau phan tich hai tmdng phai su pham, hay cich tidp can dinh hudng ngudi thiy v i each tiep can dinh hudng ngudi hpc va trinh bay nhiing dae diem eua hai each tidp can niy, nhung gi la cdt ldi nhat ciia van boa day va hpc phuang Ddng va phuong Tay
1 Su- pham p h u o n g Dong va tiep can djnh hu-oTig ngudi t h i y
1.1 Sir phgm phuong Dong
Mac dil vide dua ra nhan dinh tdng quat vd nhtrng dae didm dac trung ciia cac viing van hoa nhu chii nghia tap the hay chii nghia c i nhin cd thd l i chii quan nhung nhtrng nhan dinh nay cung dua tren nhung chung cti nghidn cim nhit dinh Ngudi chau A cd thai dp rat tich cue ddi vdi giao due, cd ddng eo thinh dat cao, ed mong mudn danh hiu hdt thdi gian nhan rdi dd theo dudi vide hpc hanh (Lee, 1996:25) Mdt didu cung dd thiy
l i van hoa Ddng A danh gia eao vide hpc tap cham chi ciia sinh vidn nhu mdt yeu ciu
PGS.TS,; Vien Nghien ciru Con nguoi
32 Nghien ciiu Con ngudi sd 1 (46) 2010
Trang 2Vdn hda day vd
quan trpng nhat de thanh dat vd tri tue va nghd nghiep Van hoa Ddng A cung danh gia
cao vai trd va tracb nhidm ciia ngudi thay trong vide giup da sinh vidn dat dupc nhtmg
muc tidu cao trong hpc tap Mdt trong nhiing didm ddi lap, dupe eoi la didm ydu ciia
sinh vien chau A la hp qua "tdn trpng quydn lire ciia giang vidn", hp la "ngudi chep bai
can cti", lo lang thuc hien ky vpng cua giao vidn, thidu phd phan nhimg thdng tin trinli
bay trong sach vd cung nhu thdng tin ma giao vien cung cap, hp rit hiem khi dat cau hdi
hay ddng gdp vao cae budi thao luan mdt each Ur nguyen va himg thii, bp khdng nhan
thiic dupc y nghia cua vide trich dan dung luat, tinh nghiem trpng ciia vi pham ban
quyen ve y tudng Mdt diem tieu cue nira la ngudi hpc chau A coi trpng thi cu va chinh
khdng khi thi ctr tran ngap toan bd be thdng, d tit ca cac eip hpc, da tao ra su nhim
tudng rang sir hpc cbi dd thi cir chii khdng phai hpc dd tidp thu kidn thiic va tao dimg ky
nang (Mooney, 2006: A42)
Nhtrng dae diem ndu tren dupe cho la mang nang tinh chat ciia ldp hpc djnh hudng
ngudi thay: "Phuong phap day hpc thinh hanh van cdn la phan tich, giai thich ciia giao
vien vdi cac "boat ddng chinh ciia hpc sinh" la lang nghe, ghi chep va tra ldi nhtrng cau
hdi cd tieu diem kha hep Thuc te nay khang dinh ban chat chung ciia van de, dupc coi
la phan khd khan nhat cua chuong trinh ddi mdi, chinh la kieu day va hpc dang thinh
hanh phuang phap day hpc dinh hudng giao vien, "truyen thdng su pham nho giao
giao dieu va sir boa hpp kha hidu qua vdi kieu day hpc theo md hinh Xd - Vidt ""
(Morris & Marsh, 1991:259)
O eae nudc va cae vting lanh thd nhu Tmng Qudc, Hdng Kdng, Dai Loan, Han Qudc,
Viet Nam, Singapore va Nhat Ban thi vai trd quan trpng ciia giao vidn va mdi quan he
khdng binh dang gitra thay va trd dupe xiy dung tren co sd quan niem ve thay va trd
gidng nhu quan he giira ngudi dieu khien va ngudi bi dieu khien, giira cha va eon gitra
ngudi gia va ngudi trd, gitra chdng va vp, gitra ngudi cd tham nien va ngudi it tham nien,
gitra ngudi lanh dao va ngudi bi lanh dao - nhtrng quan niem nen tang dupc xac dinh
trong dao Khdng tir nhung nam 500 trudc Cdng nguyen (Biggs, 1996) Lee (1996) nhan
xet ring, tridt ly Khdng giao dua tren quan niem ve "ban than" nhu diem quan trpng trong
he thdng gia tri cua ca nhan Tu than va nhirng gia tri ca nhan khac la chia khoa cho phat
trien cac gia tri dao dire, trach nhiem xa hdi va sir cam ket ddi vdi xa hdi rdng ldn Nhieu
tac gia (Lee, 1996; Reid, 1999) gpi ndn giao due kieu nay la giao due Khdng giao, trong
khi dd Slethaug (2007) gpi la "Ndn su pham phuang Ddng" dd khdng nham vdi bat cir he
thdng dao dire va tdn giao nao khac eung cd mdt sd gia tri gidng vdi Klidng giao Khdng
giao la mdt trudng pbai tridt hpc da timg cd anh hudng rat ldn d cac nudc Ddng A, nhung
van hoa Khdng giao cung dang dupc chuyen hoa manh me trong nhiing thap nien gan day
tai ehinh cac nude Ddng A, nod ma Khdng giao sinh ra
Tdn trpng thiy giao la gia tri trung tam ciia nen su pham phuang Ddng cting vdi vide
chip nhan khoang each quyen luc gitra thay va trd tao ra tam the thoai mai ban cho
ngudi hpc trong ldp bpc, nai ma thiy dpe bai giang, trd nghe va ghi chep ban la tham
gia thio luin trong ldp hpc, nai ma thay va trd chia se y kien Tham chi d ca nhirng bac
hpc thap, giao vidn trong ndn su pham phuang Ddng van dpe bai giang cho hpc smb
Nghien ciiu Con ngudi sd 1 (46) 2010 3 3
Trang 3nhtrng ngudi tidp thu thdng tin, kidn thiic mdt each thu ddng, hiu nhu khdng ed sir tham gia tich cue nio Nhidu nghien cim chi ra rang khdng ed gi sai vdi vide nhin manh den vai trd eua tri nhd, nhung sir ghi nhd ma thidu phan tfeb, ciing nhu thieu sang tao ma nen tang la thdng tin mdt chidu la mdt didm yeu dang phd phan Ci phuong Tiy, kieu day hpc nay dupc gpi la "nhdi vit", vi ngudi bpc bi thuc dp ghi nhd thdng tin mdt each thu ddng Tuy nhidn, ciing phai ghi nhan vai trd tich circ cua ghi nhd di lidn vdi sir hieu bidt sau sic, cbii kbdng phai ghi nhd may mdc Viec td chiic day bpc theo kieu ghi nhd may mdc cho phep ngudi bpc nhan dupe eau tri ldi ed sin tir ngudi thay v i khi tra bai thi hp phai nhic lai nhtrng gi da dupc nghe ttr thay
Vd mat hinh thirc, d cic ldp bpc tir bic tieu bpc tdi bac hpc dai bpc, ban hpc dupc xdp thanh hang ttr trdn xudng dudi, hudng vao ngudi thay, nhin vat trung tim de nghe Vide sip xdp ldp bpc theo kidu nay de duy tri trat tu, mpi hpc sinh hudng tdi giao vien, trung tim ciia Itip hpc Vide td chtic ldp hpc kieu niy khac vdi vide td chiic Idp hpc d Bic My, noi ldp bpc dupc td chirc nhd hon v i cd xu hudng chia cae ldp hpc ldn dua vao thuydt trinh thinh eae ldp nhd, d do, sir trao ddi y kidn chiem phan ldn thdi gian Jacques Derrida (Kember, 2004:39) da dua ra mpt sd dae diem ciia ngudi hpc trong cic ldp bpc theo he thdng su pham phuong Ddng nhu sau:
- Dua vao hpc thude Idng
- Hpc thu ddng
- Khdng ting hd ddi mdi trong day hpc
- Ddng lire ngoai chidm uu thd, nhung cd ddng co thanh dat cao
- Mong mudn dau tu nhieu vao bpc tap ldn cao
- Lam dd an tdt
Di lien vdi ndn su pham phuong Ddng la tidp can dinh hudng ngudi thiy trong day hpc
1.2 Tiep can dinh huong ngu&i thay
Van hoa chira trong minh kha nang tu san sinh; nhung inh hudng ciia bdn ngoai tac ddng den van hoi didn ra tir tir Day hpc mang tinh bdi einh Quan nidm vd day hpc ddng thdi xay ra d cae cap dp gia dinh, cdng ddng, din tdc, tham chi d cap khu vuc Cd the ndi, Ddng A, Nam Au va ehiu Phi la nhting viing img bd tidp can dinh hudng ngudi thay trong day hpc, d dd, ngudi thiy la ngudn kidn thiic ehu ydu dting truydn dat cho sinh vien; trong khi do, vting giao due Bae My, cho dii do l i giao due khoa hpc, ky nghd, xa hdi hay nghe nghiep, ddu tdn trpng tidp can dinh hudng ngudi hpc, d do cd sir binh dang va cd sir chia sd giiia ngudi day va ngudi hpc Nen tang ciia cic each tiep can nay an sau trong van boa Quan nidm, tridt ly, he gia tri va bidu dat eua hinh vi nhu each xung hd, each sir dung ngdn ngii the hidn sir binh dang hay dang cap v i cting the hidn thai dp ddi vdi vide day va vide hpc
Chiing ta van cd the tidp tue khang dinh rang, tidp can dinh hudng ngudi thiy van cdn tidp tuc thdng tri d van boa phuong Ddng, trong dd cd Hdng Kdng va Trung Qudc luc dia, thi d nhtrng noi nay ciing cd thd nhan thiy rang, nhieu trudng dai bpc dang cho thay cae dau hieu ciia sir thay ddi, dac bidt vd mat phuang phap giao due, danli gia cao sir thao luin trong ldp hpc (Slethaug, 2007)
o ^ Nghien ctiu Con ngudi sd 1 (46) 2010
Trang 4Vdn hda dgy vd
Mpt phan trong cudc tranh luan ve vai trd ciia giao vien cd lien quan den nhirng van
de nhu ldp hpc mdt ngudi thay va tiep can don nganh trong su ddi lap vdi day hpc theo
nhdm giao vien va tidp can lien nganh va da nganh Tidp can lien nganh mang tinh tich
hop Dirng nhu Costanza (1990:95) khing dinh, nghien cuu lien nganh, da nganh va don
nganh cd sir khac bidt ve trpng tam va muc tidu Nghien ciiu don nganh tim kidm kidn
thirc va ky nang trong pham vi mdt linh vuc, trong khi dd tiep can lien nganh va da
nganh cho phep hinh thanh da ky nang va giup giai quydt vin de theo trpng tam
Ldp hpc mpt giao vidn tir lau da thinh hanh va dupe coi la each thirc hieu qua trong
cung cap thdng tin va nudi dudng tri thiic Trong mdt thdi gian ngin, sinh vien cd thd
tiep nhan mdt lupng Idn thdng tin Tuy nhidn, thuyet trinh cting kbdng bao dam ring
sinh vien cd the tiep nhan va cd kha nang ghi nhd nhirng didm chinh ydu tdt hem so vdi
thao luan Thdi gian qua dai ciia thuyet trinh cung la van dd lam giam hieu qua Nliidu
nghien ciiu da chi ra rang, neu thuyet trinh trong 10 phut, ngudi nghe nim dupc khoang
70% thdng tin, neu tang thdi gian thuydt trinh ldn 45 phut, ngudi nghe chi cdn nim
dupc 20% lupng thdng tin (McLeish, 1976: 270, 272) Nhung nghien cim ciing chi ra
rang, sinh vidn nam duoc thdng tin tdt hon ndu hp tu dpe va tham gia thao luin Mdt
van de kha quan trpng trong thuyet trinh la sd lupng sinh vien trong ldp Ldp hpc ldn la
mdt can trd trong giao tidp ea nhan va giai quydt nhiing khd khan trong nhan thirc ciia
tung sinh vien trong qua trinh day va hpc Trong khi dd, theo quan diem ciia hpc sinh,
sinh vien phuong Ddng thi ldp hpc tmyen thdng cho phep hp tidp thu dupc thdng tin va
tiep nhan nhiing quan diem phii hpp tdt hon va cho phdp ca ldp cimg tien bd thay vi chi
mpt sd ca nhan xuit sac trong ldp tich cue thao luan De so sanh va kidm chimg dieu
nay ddi hdi phai tu duy rdng ban, dua each tiep can da nganh vao sir dung
Ldp bpc mdt nhdm giao vidn ed lpi the trong chia se kien thiic tir cac chuyen nganh
khac nhau Ldp hpc cd bai giao vien trd len tham gia day hpc cho phep hinh thanh mdt
cdng ddng tri tue vdi it nhat hai each nhin khac nhau Sir hop tac lien nganh vi the phat
huy tac dirng Sir tuong tac giiia cac giang vidn vdi nhau va gitra giang vidn vdi sinh
vien tren ldp cd the trd thanh mau binh cho sinh vien trong mdi trudng lam vide nhdm
Day bpc tbeo nhdm cting giiip giang vien hinh thanh ky nang lam viec hpp tac va tdn
trpng ddng nghiep Giang day theo nhdm ed the giup hinh thanh d sinh vien mdt phan tu
duy phe phan Ldp bpc cd mdt nhdm giang vien giang day tao ra khdng khi de sinh vien
cd the ddng gdp nhidu ban Vdi nhirng cam ket ciia giang vidn, cac khoa va bd mdn
khac nhau cho phep ed du ngudn nhan lire de trien khai ldp bpc vdi nhirng nhdm giang
vien Sir hop tac gitra cac bp mdn ngay tir khi thiet kd chuong trinh la rat quan trpng
tren cac khia canh chuyen mdn, sir hpp tac ddng nghiep va tam ly - xa hdi Nhung
nganh phti hop va thue te dang ting hd each day hpc theo nhdm hidn nay cd thd ke den
la nghien cim tdc ngudi, nghien cihi phii ntr, nghidn cim viing (Nghien cim ehiu My,
Nghien ciiu chiu A, Nghidn ciiu Tmng Qudc v.v.) Nhtrng nganh nhu toan hpc va cdng
nghe chua nhan duoc sir iing hd tich cue cho viec giang day theo nhdm giang vien
Ngiy nay, trong cic ldp bpc tmydn thdng da dupe lap dat cae trang thidt bi nhu may
chieu, sir dung viedeo, CD v i nhidu khi ca mang Intemet, each thirc thuyet trinh cung da
Nghien cuu Con ngudi sd 1 (46) 2010 3 5
Trang 5Pham Thdnh Nghj
thay ddi Cho dii ed thay ddi thd nao di nira, vdi nhdm giang vidn tham gia giing day, hay vdi thidt bi cdng nghd duoc trang bi, thuyet trinh cung khd giup sinh vidn phat trien
tu duy bac cao theo thang Bloom nhu cac ky nang phin tich, tdng hpp, danh gia Thuyet trinh ein phai ket hpp vdi thio luan, lam du an ma d dd ngudi hpc phai la trung tam cim qua trinh day hpc
2 Su pham phirotig Tay va tiep can dinh hirdng ngiriri hoc
2.7, Su phgm phuong Tdy
Su pham phuong Tay dupc biet ddn la ed tinh tuong tac, sdng ddng, lidn quan ddn tu
do bieu dat y kidn Khdng khi su pham la quan he lien nhin each rat manh, ddng co tir than cao bau khdng khi phi cbinh thiic cao, khdng cd thir bic gitra thay va trd va sinh vien la trung tam
Mdt dac didm ciia su pham phuang Tay, dupe Slethaug (2007) nhin manh, la ddi hdi mdt lupng ldn tai lieu dpe trudc Bai giang cua giang vidn va thao luin tren ldp dupe td chirc trdn co sd sinh vidn da dpe mdt sd tai lieu rat ldn trudc dd va da chuin bi y kien mdt each phd phan Mdt phan cd the do sir thieu tii lieu nghiem trpng d cic nude chau
A, ma giang vidn ddng thdi cdn ddng vai trd ngudi cung cap thdng tin cho sinh vien Nhtrng khac bidt ciia su pham phuong Tay so vdi sir pham phuang Ddng d dinh hudng sinh vidn thd hidn d chd:
- Sinh vidn dupc tu do bidu dat y kien ciia minh trong cic cudc thio luin cdi md va tich cue
- Trong thao luan, didu nay didn ra thudng xuyen, ngudi day va ngudi hpc binh dang, gidng nhu ban be, ddng nghiep
- Sir tham gia tich cue eiia sinh vidn lam cho qua trinh su pham mang tinh tuong tac, thay vi chi cd giang vidn dpe bai
- Khdng khi bpc tap kha than thien, sdng dpng, tuong ddi tir do, sinh vidn cd ddng ca
tu than hon la bi dp tham gia lam viec trong ldp hpc
- Qua trinh day v i hpc mang tinh phi chinh thirc
- Giao vidn bidt tdn tit ca sinh vidn Sinh vidn tu nguydn dua ra cau hdi va cho y kien ciia ridng minh Tit c i mpi ngudi tham gia ddu thiy hai Idng, khdng cd khdng khi cang thang
- Ldp hpc cdi md, mpi ngudi dupe khuyen khich tham gia v i cho phep dua ra y kidn
ma khdng so bi phd phan
- Cac cudc tranh luan thudng dua trdn eii lieu tir bit cii ngudn nao chir it khi dupc trich lupe tir sach giao khoa
- Tao khoang khdng cho sinh vien tu duy va khuyen kbieh hp tu duy
- Sinh vidn dupc khuyen khich dat van dd cho giao vien
Trong thue td, cac ldp hpc vdi khoing 25-30 sinh vidn d cae trudng dai hpc Bic My thi giao vidn ed the kdt hop ldn ldp va thao luan Chd ngdi ciia sinh vidn dugc bd tri theo vdng trdn, phan anh tinh phi chinh thdng va tao didu kidn cho sinh vien cd ca hdi tham gia tich cue vao dat ciu hdi v i tra ldi ciu hdi cua ngudi khac Vdng trdn phan anh, theo phep an du, tinh cdng ddng cao, su giao tidp binh dang va sir tham dir Semina ehua
3 6 NghiSn ciiu Con ngudi sd 1 (46) 2010
Trang 6Vdn hda dgy vd
phai la hinb tbiic td chiic hpc tap phd bien d cac trudng dai hpc chau A, hien nd \ an la
dac trung rieng eiia kidu day hpc phuong Tay
2.2 Tiep can dinh huang nguoi hoc
Mac dil thuyet trinh la nen tang ciia ldp hpc va la sir lira chpn ciia hiu hdt cac ndn su
pham tren the gidi, cae nha giao due va sinh vien Bic My van thich thay phin ldn cac
gid thuyet trinh bang thao luan Hau bet eae giing vien My khi ra nude ngoai giang day
deu cho rang hp gap rat nhidu khd khan trong viec thu hiit sinh vien vao thao luan va
viec giang day ciia hp vi thd dupc danh gia la khdng thanh cdng
Ldp hpc dinh budng ngudi bpc la noi lam cho sinh vien cam thiy thoai mai va tich
cue hop tac vdi nhau, chiu traeh nhiem vdi giao vidn va vdi mdi trudng bpc tap mdt
each ca nhan C) do giao vien ehi ddng vai trd la ngudi hudng din, cung eip thdm thdng
tin, giiip giai thich them trong nhidu trudng hpp Trong ldp hpc kidu nay, nguoi hpc
dupc yeu cau tham khao tai lieu tmdc, mang den ldp hpc thdng tin, y tuong va vin dd,
Ngudi hpc dupc ddng vai trd ehii the nhan thirc tich cue nhu nha nghien cim nhirng cd
sir hudng dan ve phuong phap tir tmdc va sir dinh hudng ndi dung a mdt mirc dp nhat
dinh Ngudi bpc khdng ehi tap tmng vao kdt qua va hanh vi nhiem vu true tidp ma cdn
vao viec phat trien d ban than nhiing pham chat nhu Idng tu trpng, cae ky nang lam viec
nhdm, giao tiep va chap nhan quan diem ngudi khac cting nliu thai dp tich cue ddi vdi
giao vien, tmdng hpc va tham chi ddi vdi cae trudng phai khoa bpc (Winter, 1995:37)
Ky nang lam vide nhdm ed anh hudng rit ldn ddn vide thao luan va giai quydt van de
trong hpc tip Van boa de cao tinh ddc lap va van boa dd cao sir chap nhan y kien ciia
nhdm deu cd nhtrng loi thd va nhtrng khd khan trong giai quydt van de ciia nhdm trong
hpc tap Thao luan nhdm md rdng each tiep can theo eae gdc nhin khac nhau Thao luan
cd the md rdng tam nhin cho sinh vidn, cho phdp hp hidu va tdn trpng nhau, hpc each
duong dau vdi nhting y tudng trai chidu va bpc each thuyet phuc ngudi cd chinh kidn
trai ngupe, hpc nghe thuat dam phan va thda hiep de cac thanh vidn ed the lam viec
ciing nhau va dat dupe muc tieu chung Trong qua trinh thao luan cd rat nhieu sir bat
ddng xuat bien, tham chi sau dd trd thanh xung dot Nhung xung dot nay thudng cd
ngudn gdc ca nhan, ed tinh van hoa hon la y tudng khoa hpc Cach giai quyet xung dot
cung rat khac nhau Cd nhiing nen van boa tranh giai quyet xung dot, cho dii dd la xung
dot mang tinh e i nhan hay mang y tudng khoa hpc
Trong mdt sd nen van boa, vide dat eau hdi cho ngudi cd vi tri cao hon thudng ngu y
la khdng tdn trpng, da can trd thao luan va giai quyet van dd cdng khai Tham chi dat
cau hdi edn bi coi la chua nam dupe van dd, va vi vay edn bi ban eiing ldp eoi thudng
Van hoa phuong Ddng cd sir "te nhi" trong giao tiep Khi sir dung phuang phap lay cau
hdi gian tidp, nhu de nghi viet cau hdi can giai thich, can lam rd ma khdng phai hdi
tmdc mat ngudi khac, thi sd lupng cau hdi tang ldn rd ret Sinh vidn sp rang hp "bi mat
mat" vdi ban be, ring hp kem hidu biet, hay tham chi rang giao vien yeu kem nen da
khdng thd trinh bay rd dd sinh vien hieu dupc van de v.v Mdt khd khan ntra la su cam
ket tham gia eiing khac nhau d nhtrng ndn van hoa khac nhau Cd thd ai dd khdng cam
ket lam vide nhdm nhung van dupc chia se kdt qua (cham diem nhdm) dan den sir y lai
Nghien ciiu Con ngudi sd 1 (46) 2010 3 7
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hay "ludi bidng" d mdt sd e i nhan Mdt ban che rd rang eua nhidu ndn giao due l i sir thidu thdn tai lieu tham khio va thdng tin qua mang Hpc sinh khi den ldp bpc ehua dupc chuin bi cho nen khd ddng vai trd chii ddng trong cung cap thdng tin, dua ra y tudng, binh luin, phan tich v i danh gia
Qua trinh tham gia ciia lam vide nhdm thudng qua 5 giai doan: hinh thanh nhdm, tu xac dinh, hdi nhip, thuc hien cdng vide v i danh gia Sir phat tridn ciia nhdm lim vide cd the cd nhiing dac trung ridng, nhanh cham khac nhau, phu thude vao dae didm ea nhan, van hoa eiia eae thinh vidn va su hd trp cua giao vien Ngay nay, boat ddng nhdm ed sir trp giup tich cue ciia mang Intemet, cac thanh vidn lien he vdi nhau dd dang, thudng xuydn hon va duoc chuan bi tdt hon Ngudi bpc cd the hpc tip ttr xa, tham gia trao ddi qua dien dan mang va ea eae hinh thire lam vide truyen thdng nhu didn da, thio luan mat ddi mat Khoang kbdng ciia nhdm dupe md rdng da lam tang hieu q u i cua ldp hpc dinh hudng ngudi hpc
Ket luan
Dac diem van boa the hien trong each tidp can trong day hpc Bii viet da trinh bay hai nen su pham mang nhiing dac diem khic bidt Xu hudng giao thoa van h o i dang dien ra mdt each tich cue do xu thd toan ciu boa, qudc td h o i va lien thdng qudc gia dang dupc tang tdc trong nhiing nam gan diy Vai trd ciia ea nhan ngiy cang tang trong
xu thd hpp tac trong da dang Tang cudng tinh tich cue ciia ngudi hpc, phat trien quan diem ca nhan trdn co sd cich nhin toin cue v i phit huy nhiing b i n sac ridng tao ra su ddng gdp cd gia tri cho sir hop tic lien van hoa dang didn ra hidn nay Su do hd van hoi hay sir thdng tri van hoa khdng the dien ra trong thd gidi hdi nhap, nhung sir hpc hdi, tidp thu tinh hoa van boa cting nhu phat huy ban sac van h o i eiia cdng ddng, ciia dan tdc dang la xu thd phd bidn Khdng thd gitr mai kidu day hpc mdt chidu ma ngudi thay la ngudn cung cap thdng tin cbii yeu dupc niia Tai lieu in, tai lieu tren mang dang din din thay the ngudi thay kieu cti trong vai trd cti Trong khi dd, dinh hudng gia tri, tao dung tam nhin, gay dung thai dp va phat trien tu duy, dac bidt tu duy phd phan va tu duy sang tao la vai trd mdi eua ngudi thay trong each tiep can cua kidu day va hpc mdi, d dd ngudi hpc la trung tam Sir chuydn hudng nay dang dien ra trdn toan the gidi va Viet Nam eung dang chiu sir tac ddng dd Sir chuydn bidn cham chip, do y tudng ddi mdi dang gap nhidu can trd, cd the se li cai gii phii tri cho cac thd he tuong lai khi khoing cich giiia eic qudc gia, dan tdc, vung, mien, giai ting xa hpi ngiy eing gia tang trong tiep can vdi giao due kieu mdi
Tai lieu tham khao
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