nhflng nhiem vu quan trgng cua hai nflde hai nflde Viet Nam va Lao cflng thflc hien. la phai day manh quan he hdp tac kinh te[r]
Trang 1VAI NET VE QUAN HE
• HOP TAC KINH TE VIET NAM - LAO
• • TRONG THdl KI DOI M 6 | 1986 - 2000
LE DINH CHINH*
Bfldc vao nam 1986, Viet Nam va cai thien ddi sd'ng vat chat va van hoa tinh Lao deu tien hanh cdng cudc ddi than cua nhan dan hai nflde, ma cdn tao mdi da't nflde, thflc hien chfnh sach md ra mdt vi the mdi trong viec thu hep dan cifa, md rdng quan he ddi ngoai, hdi nhap khoang each chenh lech ve trinh do phat vdi thi trfldng the gidi va khu vfle, tiep tuc trien cua hai nflde vdi cac nflde trong khu cdng cudc khdi phuc va phat trien kinh te, vfle va tren the gidi
nhdm dfla hai nflde vfldt qua cuoc khung Viet Nam va Lao deu la nhflng nflde hoang Nhfl vay, sfl nghiep dm mdi loan ^ong nghiep cd ndn kinh te cham phat dien d hai nflde khdng chi nhdm tflng bfldc trie'n, cd sd vat chat, ki thuat cdn ngheo cdi thien ddi sd'ng vat chat va van hoa, xay ^an, lac hau, thie'u vd'n, thieu kT thuat, dung euge sdng hanh phflc cho nhan dan ^dng nghe va kinh nghiem quan U Them hai nflde, ma cdn ddn thu hep khoang ^fla, ngoai viec phai doi mat vdi nhflng each chenh lech vd trinh do phat tnen i,h6 khan thif thach cda chfnh sach bao gifla hai nflde vdi cac nflde trong khu vfle ^^y ^mh te, cam van ctia My va cac nflde
va tren thd gidi Trong bai vidt nay chflng phuong Tay, nha't la sau khi cac nflde xa tdi dl sau phan tich quan he hdp tac kmh hgi chu nghTa Dong Au tan ra va Lien te' Viet Nam - Lao trong thdi ky ddi mdi bang Xd viet sup dd da gay ra nhflng trd
1986 - 2000 j^ggj khdng nhd ddi vdi sfl nghiep each Bfldc vao tbdi ki ddi mdi, mdt trong mang d hai nflde Trfldc bdi canh dd, viec nhflng nhiem vu quan trgng cua hai nflde hai nflde Viet Nam va Lao cflng thflc hien
la phai day manh quan he hdp tac kinh te dfldng ldi ddi mdi, md rdng va da dang hoa Day khdng chf la ddi hdi bfle xfle nham cac quan he kinh te ddi ngoai nhdm phu xay dflng va cung cdche do mdi, tflng biidc hcip vdi dac diem ctia moi nflde, phat huy
TS Le Dinh Chinh, Khoa Dong phuong hoc, TrUdng Dili hoc KHXH&NVHa Noi
Trang 2IJ Dinh Chinh - Vdi net vc quan hi; hc/p tdc kinh tcVicf Nam - Ldo 37
sfle m a n h ngi life, hdi n h a p vdi thi trfldng hgc kT t h u a t gifla hai nitdc p h a t t n e n cd
the gidi va k h u vUc Tfl viec coi trgng hdp hieu qua, cflng cd lgi, on dinh va ben vflng
tac kinh te la nhiem vu trgng tam, la dgng Va, trong viec thflc hien hdp lac kinh te,
life thuc day sfl p h a t trien cua cac q u a n he van boa, khoa hoc kl t h u a t phai ki ket cac
hop tac khac nen ngay tfl nhflng n a m ddu van ban cu the t r e n cd sd binh dang, hai
ddi mdi, hai d a n g va hai n h a nflde da chu ben cflng cd ldi, tdn trgng p h a p luiit cua
ddng, sang tao, tflng bfldc de ra nhflng ngi moi nifdc va t r u y e n thdng giflp dd lan
dung hdp tac thich hdp va phfldng thflc nhau, dong thdi k h u y e n khich viec dau tU
hdp tac phfl hdp Q u a n he hdp tac k m h te va hdp tac d Viet Nam cung nhU d Lao
dan cd sfl t h a y ddi theo hfldng p h a t trien; theo luat ddu tfl cua moi nflde"'-' Theo dd,
" Tfl vien trd k h d n g h o a n lai cho vay la cflng tfl k h u n g hiep dinh nay, Hgi nghi Uy
chu yeu chuyen s a n g giam dan vien trd va ban Lien Chinh phu h a n g nam se diinh
cho vay, bfldc ddu ddy m a n h hdp tac siin gia ket quii thflc hien trong nam va tiep
xua't kinh doanh binh ddng cflng cd ldi tuc kf ket hiep dinh cho mini sau
Ddng thdi, trong hdp tac da chuyen dan tfl Nam 1995, sau 10 nam doi mdi, nen
hdp tac tflng vu vice theo yeu cau cua biin j^jj^h te -xa hgi cua hai nu'dc deu diit du'dc
sang hdp tac theo chfldng trinh, ke hoach nhflng t h a n h tflu dting ke, ddi song cua
dflde ki ket gifla hai chinh p h u " ' " Sau 5 „ h a n dim tflng bitdc dflde niing len Cflng
nam dcii mdi (1986-1990), sfl nghiep doi trong nam nay, Viet Nam da trd thiinh
mdi d hai nflde bdt d a u d a t ditcic nhflng t h a n h vien chinh thflc cfla td chflc
t h a n h tUu diing ke De tiep tuc dUa q u a n ASEAN, trong khi dd, Lao cflng chuan hi
he hdp tac k m h te gifla hai nu'dc p h a t g\^ ^ b a p td chflc nay De tiep luc ddy
trien ca ve be rdng vii chieu sau len ngang niiinb quan he bd]) tac gifla hai nflde, ddng
tam vdi q u a n be chinh Iri, q u a n he hdp Uic thdi nhdm chuan bi cho cong cuoc hgi
kinh te thdi diem nay da diftic IhUc hien ^ h a p khu viic va qudc le, Diing va Nha
theo phUdng hUdng chicii lu'dc mdi, cd ke ^Udc d hai nu'dc da xac dinh rd tU tUdng
hoach, cd chUdng t r i n h hdp tac cu the va (-hi dao trong hdp tac kinh te, van boa,
dugc thuc hien difdi nhieu hinh thflc nhu i^hoa hcic ki t h u a t gifla hai nUdc la; "gifl
lien d o a n h , hdp tac, liiui ket, d a u vflng va p h a t huy truyen thd'ng quan he
thau,.,v.v doan ket gifla hai dimg va hai dan tgc lang
Bfldc s a n g ddu n a m 1992, tai thu dd gieng anh em P h a t trien ca chieu rdng va
Vieng C h a n , Viet N a m va Lao da ki Hiep chieu sau q u a n he hdp tac trong Hnb vfle
dinh Hdp tiic kinh te, van boa, khoa hcic ki kinh te-xa hgi n h d m khai thac ldi da tiem
Ihuat giai doan 1992-1995 Ndi d u n g hiep n a n g mdi niidc phuc vu cd hieu qua nbii't
dinh nc'Hi rd: " Hai biui ra sfle t a n g cfldng cho cdng cudc p h a t t n e n , gifl vflng an ninh
quan he hdp tac k m h te, van hoa, khoa chinh tri va an toim xa hdi"''**
Trang 338 Nghien cdu Dong Nam A 6/2009
Tren cd sd cua tfl tfldng chi dao neu
tren, ngay 15/3/1995, hai nflde da kf thoa
thuan chien Ifldc hdp tac kinh te, van hoa,
khoa hgc kT thuat de'n nam 2000 Sau dd,
Hiep dinh Hcip tac kinh te van hoa, khoa
hgc kT thuat 1996-2000 gifla hai nflde Viet
Nam va Lao da dflde kf ket Dfla tren cd sd
ciia hiep dinh nay, hang nam Uy Ban Lien
Chinh phu hai nflde td chflc hdi nghi danh
gia ket qua viec thtic hien hiep dinh, nhan
dinh ve nhflng khd khan, thuan ldi va tiep
tuc ki ket hiep dinh mdi
Thanh tflu dat dflde trong hdp tac kinh
te gifla hai nflde trong giai doan
1986-2000 la rat ldn Trong khudn khd bai viet,
chflng tdi chf xin neu mdt sd' thanh tflu
mang tfnh chat dien hinh ciia hai nflde
trong giai doan nay Chang ban, trong
linh vfle ndng, lam nghiep, tren cd sd cac
hiep dinh da kf ket, Viet Nam da cif
nhflng chuyen gia hang dau ve ndng, lam
nghiep va thuy Icii sang giup Lao khao
sat, phan tfch da't, thiet ke he thd'ng thuy
ldi, lap luan chflng kinh te kT thuat cho
cac dfl an kinh te ndng nghiep Linh vfle
hcip tac nay khdng chi gdp phan lam dgi
mdi ndng thdn Lao ma cdn gan lien vdi
chu trfldng bao dam an ninh Ifldng thtic
ciia Lao vao nam 2000 Tfl cac dfl an xay
dflng cac tram thuy dien nhd nhfl Nam
thdm I, Nam Thdm II, Nam Soong, Nam
mang, Hudi kho, cdng trinh thuy dien Lac
xao (Bdlikhamxay) den viec Viet Nam
vien trci 90 ty ddng khdng hoan lai de
thuc day san xua't Ifldng thflc giflp Lao tai
8 canh ddng ldn cua Lao (Vieng Chan,
Bdlykhamxay, Khammudn, Xalavan, Xeddn, Champaxae, Savannakhet, Attapfl) la nhflng dfl an cd y nghia quan trgng trong quan he hdp tac ndng nghiep Viet Nam-Lao Tfldng tfl, trong ITnh vfle giao thdng van tai, giai doan 1991-2000 dflde coi la ITnh vfle hcip tac thanh cdng va dflde phfa cac ban Lao danh gia ra't cao Vdi sfl giflp dd cua Viet Nam, chf tfnh rieng tfl nam 1996 den nam 2001, Lao da xay dflng va nang cap hdn 350 km qud'c 16 lien tinh, 56 cay cau cac loai Neu nhfl trfldc nam 1975, Lao mdi cd 11.500km dfldng giao thdng thi de'n thdi diem nay, dfldng giao thdng cua Lao da tang len 24.000km, trong dd cd hdn 3900km dfldng rai nhfla, 7000km rai da, tang gap hdn hai ldn so vdi nam trfldc giai phdng''" Tuy nhien, hdp tac trong ITnh vtic giao thdng van tai gifla hai nflde van cdn nhieu khd khan nhfl thie'u vd'n, he thd'ng cd che hdp tac phat trien cdn cham chap, tinh trang thie'u can bd cd nang Itic phdi hcip trien khai dfl an va bien phap quan If cac dfl an cdn ldng leo cflng la nhflng trd ngai nghiem trgng, anh hfldng khdng nhd den hcip tac gifla hai nflde Hcip tac Viet Nam-Lao trong linh vtic thfldng mai cflng dat dflcic nhieu thanh tflu quan trgng Chang ban, giai doan tfl nam 1996-2000, kim ngach thfldng mai hai chieu gifla hai nflde
da tang manh Kim ngach xua't khau nam
1999 dat 164,3% tang gap hdn 2 Ian so vdi nam 1998, va kim ngach nhap khau gap 2,7 ldn kim ngach nhap khau ciia nam 1997'^' Cac mat hang trao ddi gifla hai
Trang 4Li' Dinh Chinh - 11}/ net ve quan he hc/p tdc kinh teViet Nam - Ldo 39
nitdc cung k h a da dang, trong dd, h a n g
Viet Nam xua't k h a u s a n g Lao gdm ca
phe, gao, h a n g del may, biii san, r a u qua
cac loai, che, h a t lieu NgUdc lai, phfa
Lao xua't k h a u s a n g Viet N a m gdm
nhflng m a t h a n g nhfl xe may CKD, IKD, d
td, may mdc thiet bi phu tflng va gd cac
loai Nhin chung, cjuan he thfldng mai
gifla hai nflde Viet N a m va Lao trong thdi
gian nay da gdp p h a n khdng nhd vao nen
kinh te hai nflde Tuy nhien, ben canh
nhflng t h u a n ldi, q u a n he hdp tac gifla hai
nflde trong linh vfle nay van cdn nhieu khd
k h a n , h a n g hoa cua hai nUdc cdn ngheo ve
c h u n g loiii va diic biet la tfnh canh t r a n h
cua h a n g hoa Viet Nam cdn chUa cao so
vdi h a n g cua T h a i Lan d thi trUdng Lao
Them nfla, tai thj trfldng Lao, h a n g cdng
nghiep tieu dflng cfla T r u n g Qud'c cflng
t r a n ngap vdi giii re, mau ma da dang,
chung loai phong phfl, phfl hdp vdi tfli tien
va thj hieu tieu dflng ciia ngfldi Lao Dd
cflng la nhflng trd ngai khdng nhd ddi vdi
tfnh canh t r a n h cua h a n g boa Viet Nam
xuat s a n g Lao De khac phuc linh t r a n g
tren, chinh phu hai nifdc can cd nhflng
phifdng thflc thflc hien cd che xua't, n h a p
khau dai h a n , t a n g k h a n a n g canh t r a n h ,
nha't la cd sU liu dai cho cac doanh nghiep
xuii't n h a p , k h a u cua ca hai nUdc Ngoai
nhflng t h a n h tflu neu tren, cac ITnh vfle
kmh te' khac nhit hcip tac dau tfl, hcip tac
nang Ifldng, hdp tac trong ITnh vfle p h a t
trien tieu v u n g Me Cdng (Greater Mekong
Subregion-GMS) trong giai doan nay cflng
dill dflde nhieu thiinh tflu, gdp phan vao
t h a n g lgi chung trong sil nghiep ddi mdi d hai nUdc
Tdm lai, q u a n he hgp tac toan dien Viet
n a m Lao ludn la sU nghiep chung cua hai dang, hai n h a nUde, hai q u a n ddi va n h a n dan hai nUdc Vdi q u a n he truyen thd'ng hflu nghi va t i n h doan ket dac biet vd'n cd, cflng vdi nhflng kinh nghiem cfla chang dfldng quan he gan 80 n a m qua, q u a n he hdp tac loan dien Viet Nam - Lao se p h a t huy dflde hieu qua va khac phuc dflgc nhflng khd k h a n , tflng bfldc thflc hien
t h a n h cdng sfl nghiep cdng nghiep boa, hien dai boa, n h a m xay dflng che do xa hgi cdng bang, dan chu va van m m h tren pham vi ca hai nflde./
C H U T H I C H
1 Vu Cong Quy, 25 ndm hgp tdc kinh te vdn hod, khoa hoc ki thuat Viet nam-Ldo, Tap
chf Nghien cflu Dong Nam A so
4(55)-2002, tr.5
2 Vu Cong Quy, 25 ndm hgp tdc kinh te vdn hod, khoa hoc ki thudt Viet nam-Ldo Tap
cbi Nghien cflu Dong Nam A sd
4(55)-2002, tr.8
3 Vu Cong Quy, 25 ndm hdp tdc kinh te'vdn hod, khoa hgc ki thuat Viet Nam - Ldo,
Tap chf Nghien cflu Dong Nam A so'4(55)'
2002, tr.9
4 Bdo Nhdn Ddn ngay 15/5 2000
5 Tfl Thanh Thuy, Hgp tdc Viet Nam-Ldo trong llnh vUc xudt nhiip khdu hdng hod
Tap cbi Nghien cflu Dong Nam A sd4 (55)
2002, tr 26