Hien nay, dudi sU chu tri va vai trd trung tam dieu hanh cd che giai quyet tranh chip c i a ASEAN, cac nUdc dang hudng tdi muc tieu xay dUng Bp quy tic i n g x i Bien Dong, tang c[r]
Trang 1Vat tro cua ASEAN trong hdp tac
da phu'dng ve an ninh khu VLfc chau A - Thai Binh Dudng
NGUYEN CONG KHANH*
NGUYEN ANH C H U O N G * *
Ti sau Chien t r a n h lanh, td c h i c
Hiep hpi cac nUdc Dong N a m A
(ASEAN) ddng vai trd ngay cang q u a n
trpng trong hdp tac da phUdng ve a n n i n h
d khu vuc chau A-Thai Binh Dudng
(CA-TBD) D i i n d a n k h u vUc ASEAN (ARF) do
ASEAN sang lap la cd che do'i thoai da
phUdng ve a n n i n h duy n h a t lien q u a n den
d khu vUc CA-TBD Dac diem v a n hda
the che, nhflng c h u a n mUc h a n h vi c i a
"Con dudng ASEAN" d a n g dUdc md rpng
va trd t h a n h tieu chi t h a m chieu q u a n
trpng trong tien t r i n h hdp tac a n n i n h k h u
VUc CA-TBD Bai viet n a y se p h a n tich
dac diem c l u true lUc Iupng d khu vUc
CA-TBD sau Chien t r a n h Ianh, t r e n cd sd dd
lam ro vai trd c i a ASEAN trong tien t r i n h
hdp tac a n n i n h va t i m hieu k h a n a n g
thich i n g c i a "Con dUdng ASEAN" tai
khu vUc nay
1 A S E A N t i c h cxic khbi x i f d n g hdp t a c
a n n i n h d a phvftfng b k h u v\ic CA-TBD
Cd the ndi, hdp tac da phUdng a n n i n h
khu vuc CA-TBD do ASEAN khdi xudng
va c h i tri tfl sau Chien t r a n h l a n h den
nay la mot mo h i n h mdi c i a q u a n he quo'c
te Cd che hpp tac a n n i n h t r u y e n thorig
chu yeu cd b a h i n h t h i c : dong minh da
phuang, nUdc ldn pho'i hop va an ninh tap the Ddng m i n h da phUdng dflng de chi tfl
3 nudc trd len xay dUng ddng m i n h quan
sU cflng do'i phd uy hiep tfl ben ngoai Cd che nUdc ldn phoi hdp la chi t a t d nhflng nUdc ldn trong k h u vUc dUa vao nguyen
tac c i a "Chu nghia da phUOng" de hpp tac
q u a n II cong viec k h u vUc, ddng thdi thong qua dieu tiet q u a n h e gifla cac nUdc Idn de ngan c h a n nhflng x u n g dot ldn cd the xay
ra Con h i n h thflc a n n i n h t a p t h e la mpt
mflc dp hdp tac a n n i n h c i a "Chu nghia li
tuang", la cd che bao dam an n i n h trong dd
lay s i c m a n h t a p t h e de de dpa hoac ngan
c h a n b a t ky h a n h vi xam lUdc tiem a n nao trong ddi sdng quo'c te'^^ Ngoai ba hinh thflc tren, sau t h a p ki 70 cua t h e ky XX, cac nUdc chau Au da tflng thiet lap cd che hiep thUdng do'i thoai an ninh boat dpng theo khuon khd Hpi nghi an n i n h va Hdp tac chau Au (ve sau ddi t h a n h To chflc an
n i n h va Hdp tac chau Au - OSCE)
Tuy nhien, do'i vdi mpt k h u vUc It cd truyen tho'ng hdp tac trong linh vUc a n
n i n h n h u CA-TBD t h i "Hdp tac da
PGS.TS Nguyin Cong Khanh, **NCS Nguyin Anh Chitdng, TrUdng Dai hoc Vinh
Trang 2Nguyin Cdng Khanh, Nguyen Anh Chuang - Vai trd cua ASEAN 29
phUdng" la mot cum tfl tUdng ddi mdi
Nhflng nam 60 c i a the ki XX, nhieu cupc
thao Man ve an ninh khu vUc dUdc to chflc
trong dd phai ke den y tudng cia My ve
xay dung he tho'ng lien minh da phUdng
phdng t h i chau a song song vdi NATO d
chau Au Y tudng nay da khong nhan dUdc
sU i n g hp c i a khu vUc Nam 1969, Tong bi
thu Dang Cong san Lien Xo
L.I.Bregidnhep dUa ra y dinh thanh lap he
tho'ng an ninh tap the chau A Trong bai
phat bieu tai Crastsnoiarxk nam 1986,
M.Goocbacho'p mpt l l n nfla nhae lai viec
xay dUng an ninh tap the khu vUc
CA-TBD nhUng gap phli sU phan doi quyet
liet cia My P h l n ldn cac nUdc chau A
cflng khong i n g hp de nghi c i a Lien Xo vi
hp khong muo'n hi loi quan vao cupc tranh
gianh va trd thanh vat M sinh cua cac cac
sieu cudng Moi trUdng an ninh khu vUc
CA-TBD sau Chien tranh Ianh tUdng ddi
hda diu, uy Mep ve an ninh chinh tri tuy
van tdn tai nhUng khong thUc sU cang
thang va ro rang Do dd, viec xay dUng
ddng minh da phUdng truyen tho'ng Men
nhien khong cdn phu hdp Ben canh dd,
tinh trang khong tin tudng l l n nhau gifla
cac nudc Idn cflng vdi nhflng khac biet ve y
thic he cia cac quo'c gia trong khu vUc
cflng da Iam cho CA-TBD khong the hinh
thanh mpt cd che tap the hoac nUdc Idn
pho'i hdp trong van de an ninh
Mo hinh hpp tac an ninh c i a Lien
minh chau Au tuy cd y nghia tham khao
nhat dinh nhUng khong phu hpp vdi
CA-TBD, vi gifla hai khu vUc cd sU khac biet
hoan toan Nhflng nam dau thap ki 90,
cac nudc Canada, Australia, Nhat Ban
lln lUdt de xuat trien khai do'i thoai hdp
tac an ninh da phUdng khu vUc CA-TBD
phdng theo mo hinh c i a To chic an ninh
va Hdp tac chau Au (OSCE) nhUng khong
dupc sU hudng flng c i a cac nUdc, dac biet
la cac qudc gia chau A Su Io lang cua hp xuat phat t i ba phUdng dien c h i yeu: mot
la, lich s i khu vUc CA-TBD thieu truyen tho'ng hdp tac da phUdng ve an ninh, cac nUdc khong thUc sU hieu het nhflng van
de lien quan de'n "quy tdc cugc chai" nen
rat than trpng; hai la My Io ling mot khi hdp tac an ninh da phUdng CA-TBD di vao chinh quy hda se Iam giam vai trd slp xep d u trfle an ninh song phUdng c i a minh tai khu vUc nay, do vay da phan i n g Ianh nhat; ba la, dai da so' cac nUdc chau
a luon mang trong minh d m giac khong tin tudng do'i vdi cac nUdc phUdng Tay Hp khong bang Idng dflng nhin cac nUdc phUdng Tay Ianh dad mot cd che hpp tac
an ninh cua khu vUc va minh la ngUdi di theo sau nhflng nUdc nay
TrUdc bo'i d n h neu tren, nam 1991, (ASEAN-ISIS) da trinh len Hpi nghi thupng dinh ASEAN ban bao cao vdi tieu
de "Thdi diem ciia sdng kien" (A Time for
Initiative) va kie'n nghi, ASEAN d n phai dam dUdng nhiem vu cua ngUdi khdi xUdng va td chflc hdp tac an ninh khu vUc
CA-TBD Bao cao chi ro: "Nhdm tdng
them sU dn dinh an ninh vd bdo ddm nen hoa binh khu vUc CA-TBD, hien nay da co
vd se con tie'p tuc xudt hien nhiiu de xUdng lien quan den xdy dUng tien trinh vd ca che hop tdc da phuang Cho dii xdy dUng
ca che vd tien trinh nhU the ndo, ASEAN deu phdi dong vai tro chu dgo ASEAN khong nhiing tich ciCc tham gia md con phdi trd thdnh ngUdi khdi xUdng nhdng sdng tgo"^'^\ Bao cao de xuat: tan dung
thdi gian lam viec c i a hpi nghi ASEAN vdi cac nudc do'i thoai dUdc td chic moi nam mpt l l n (Hpi nghi sau Hpi nghi Bp trudng) de td chflc hpi nghi ddi thoai da phUdng ve nhflng van de lien quan den an
Trang 330 Nghiin citu Ddng Nam A 8/2010
n i n h cho d k h u vUc CA-TBD y tudng xay
dUng cd che do'i thoai hpp tac a n n i n h nay
da vUdt qua t r u y e n tho'ng cac h i n h thflc
hdp tac a n n i n h da neu d t r e n Dac diem
c h i yeu c i a nd cd t h e dUdc k h a i quat: (1)
Khong dat r a gia t h i e t ve ke thfl, khong
n h l m vao nUdc thfl ba; (2) Lay phdng
ngfla xung dot la chinh, k h o n g can t h i e p
hoac de dpa b a n g vfl Iflc; (3) N h a n m a n h
do'i thoai chinh tri, lay xay dUng Idng t i n
va p h i t trien ngoai giao phdng ngfla Iam
bien p h a p chu yeu; (4) Dflng phUdng thflc
hiep thUdng tho'ng nha't de tien h a n h hpp
tac, khong d n p h a i kl k e t hiep udc
Nhflng q u a n diem hdp tac nay phfl hdp vdi
tinh h i n h k h u vUc CA-TBD sau Chien
t r a n h lanh Tiep n h a n de nghi c i a b a n
bao cao nay, Hpi nghi ngoai t r u d n g cac
nUdc ASEAN l l n t h i 26 td c h i c t a i
Singapore vao t h a n g 7 n a m 1993 da bo' t r i
cho ngoai trUdng 18 nUdc bao gdm: 6 nUdc
t h a n h vien ASEAN (Inddnexia, Malaixia,
Xingapo, Philippin, T h a i Lan, Brunay), 7
nUdc do'i tac doi thoai (Nhat Ban, H a n
Quo'c, My, C a n a d a , O t x t r a y l i a , N i u
Dilan), 3 q u a n s a t vien (Viet N a m , Lao,
EU) va 2 nudc k h a c h mdi (Nga, T r u n g
Qudc) t h a m gia cupc gap m a t khong chinh
t h i c Tai day, cac dai bieu da d a t dupc
tho'ng n h a t se t h a n h lap mpt td c h i c dien
dan k h u vUc ve a n n i n h T h a n g 7/1994,
Hpi nghi l l n t h i n h a t Dien dan k h u vUc
ASEAN (ASEAN Regional Forum, viet
t i t : ARF) chinh thflc dUdc td chflc tai ,
Thai Lan D i i n d a n k h u vUc ASEAN
t h a n h lap vdi muc dich thflc day cd che do'i
thoai va t h a m v a n ve cac van de a n n i n h
va chinh tri trong k h u vUc, xay dUng long
tin va p h a t t r i e n ngoai giao phdng ngfla
vdi k h a u hieu: Xuc tien hda b i n h va a n
ninh qua do'i thoai va hdp tac d CA-TBD
Cd the n h a n thay, D i i n dan k h u vUc
ASEAN dupc xay dUng r u t r a tfl chinh
k i n h nghiem c i a ASEAN rang, mpt tien
t r i n h ddi thoai cd t h e tao r a nhflng bien chuyen tich cUc trong q u a n he gifla cac nUdc Sau Chien t r a n h lanh, trong luc nhieu k h u vUc khac t r e n t h e gidi cdn hi
k h i n g h o a n g ve' k h a i niem hdp tac a n
n i n h thi to c h i c ASEAN da t h i e t lap cho minh mpt dien d a n a n n i n h rieng Su kien nay da md r a mpt budc ngoat mdi cho tien
t r i n h t h i c day hdp tac a n n i n h da phUdng cua d CA-TBD
Vdi vai tro c h i dao c i a ASEAN, Dien dan k h u vUc ASEAN, b a t chap nhflng khac biet Idn gifla cac t h a n h vien, da p h a t trien tUdng do'i n h a n h ve quy mo va dat dupc nhieu ke't qua, gdp p h l n duy tri boa binh, an n i n h va hpp tac trong k h u vUc Hien nay, D i i n d a n k h u vUc ASEAN gdm
cd 27 quo'c gia va td chflc cd cung mo'i quan
t a m den a n n i n h k h u vUc CA-TBD, dd la:
10 qudc gia t h a n h vien ASEAN (Viet
N a m , Lao, C a m p u e h i a , T h a i Lan, Mianma, Indonesia, Philippin, Malaixia, Xingapo, Brunay) va 17 quo'c gia, to chflc khac: Otxtraylia, C a n a d a , T r u n g Quo'c,
EU, An Dp, N h a t Ban, N i u Dilan,
P a k i s t a n , Mong Cd, Nga, Hoa Ky, P a p u a New Guinea, Dong Timor, Bangladesh, Sri L a n k a , H a n Quoc va CHDCND Trieu Tien(3) D i i n d a n k h u vUc ASEAN, vdi tU each la c l u no'i cho cac cupc doi thoai va tU van song phUdng cflng nhU da phUdng cflng vdi viec thiet lap nhflng quy t i e do'i thoai va hpp tac, dUdc dinh h i n h thong qua viec r a quyet dinh dUa t r e n nguyen tac ddng t h u a n va giam tMeu qua t r i n h the che boa Ve mo h i n h van h a n h , D i i n dan k h u vUc ASEAN khong cd d u true td chflc dpc lap ma chi la mpt cd che boat dpng p h u thupc vao khuon khd td chflc ASEAN Ngoai Hpi nghi ngoai t r u d n g cac
Trang 4Nguyen Cong Khanh, Nguyin Anh Chuang - Vai trd cda ASEAN 31
nudc t h a n h vien dUdc td chflc mdi n a m
mpt l l n do cac nUdc ASEAN thay n h a u
dam nhiem, Dien dan nay cdn dUdc bo sung
bdi cac cd che ho trd boat dpng nhU: hpi
nghi quan chflc d p cao cac nUdc, hpi nghi
nhdm ho trd lien n g a n h ve cac bien p h a p
xay dUng long tin, cac cupc hpi thao khoa
hpc chuyen de cua "kenh 2" Tinh da dang
va linh hoat c i a cac Mnh t h i c boat dpng
da lam cho D i i n dan k h u vUc ASEAN trd
t h a n h ndi bao quat nhieu c h i de lien quan
den an ninh-chlnh tri c i a k h u vUc
CA-TBD ma cac ben t h a m gia cd the trUc tiep
doi thoai thao Man Nam 1995, Dien dan
nay da vach r a ba giai doan p h a t trien
trong tien t r i n h xay dUng hpp tac a n ninh,
theo dd, se chuyen dan tfl giai doan xay
dung long tin(giai doan 1) den thiet lap cd
che ngoai giao phdng ngfla (giai doan 2), va
trong dai ban hudng den k h a n a n g giai
quyet cac xung dot (giai doan 3) Do nhflng
van de lich s i de lai, cpng t h e m sU khac
biet ve cMnh tri, k i n h te, van hda gifla cac
nUdc, khu vUc CA-TBD luon tdn tai sU ngM
ki va khong tin tudng l l n n h a u Day la mot
trong nhflng ngudn go'c c h i yeu cd the d i n
de'n xung dot k h u vUc Vi the, D i i n dan
khu VUc ASEAN dang cd g i n g thong qua
tiep x i c va do'i thoai m a n g t i n h xay dUng,
tang cUdng dp m i n h bach trong chinh sach
ngoai giao va qudc phdng c i a cac nUdc de
d i n d i n loai bd nhflng n h a n t d b a t dn dinh
xuat p h a t t i sU hieu lam, khong tin tudng
nhau, hoac sU p h a n re trong ldi Ich chien
lupc d khu vUc Tren cd sd nhflng ket qua
c i a viec xay dUng long tin, D i i n dan khu
vUc ASEAN dua vao cac nguyen t i c ve
nhflng h a n h vi chuan mUc d k h u vUc va
quo'c te cflng n h u sflc m a n h dU Man t a p the
de rang bupc h a n h dpng cua cac nUdc, ddng
thdi dUa r a du bao va sdm n g a n chan bung
no xung dot
D i i n dan k h u vUc ASEAN dang gifl vflng vai trd la d i i n dan c h i dao ddi thoai
ve cac van de chinh t r i va an n i n h k h u vUc vdi ASEAN d vi t r i t r u n g t a m , ddng thdi, tiep tuc la mpt bp p h a n q u a n trpng trong qua t r i n h h i n h t h a n h d u trfle k h u vUc d CA-TBD N h a m t a n g cUdng t i n h hieu qua
va thUc chat b o a t dpng c i a minh, Men nay, D i i n dan k h u vUc ASEAN dang t a p
t r u n g hudng m a n h vao h a n h dpng, flng phd hflu hieu hdn vdi cac t h a c h thflc, n h a t
la cac van de a n n i n h phi t r u y e n tho'ng
n h u bien ddi khi h a u , thien tai, an n i n h
h a n g hai Tai Hpi nghi D i i n dan k h u vUc ASEAN l l n thfl 17 d i i n r a d Viet N a m ngay 23/7/2010, bp t r u d n g cac nUdc t h a n h
vien da n h a t t r i thong qua ChUang trinh
hdnh dgng Hd Ngi n h a m thUc hien Tuyen bo'Tdm nhin ARF vdi cac muc tieu va bien
p h a p cu t h e h u d n g tdi xay dUng mot k h u vUc ARF hda binh, dn dinh va t h i n h vUdng vao n a m 2 0 2 0 ^
Sd dl D i i n dan k h u vUc ASEAN gianh dupc sU hudng flng tich cUc c i a nhieu nudc, n h a n h chdng p h a t trien t h a n h cd che doi thoai va hdp tac a n n i n h c i a cac nUdc CA-TBD la vi, trong kM k h u vUc CA-TBD khong cd cd che hpp tac da phUdng ve an ninh tdt hdn, D i i n dan k h u vUc ASEAN da tao ra mot cd che boat dpng giflp cac t h a n h vien cd the thao l u a n cac van de an ninh hien cd trong k h u vUc va t a n g cUdng cac bien p h a p hdp tac n h a m thuc day hda binh
va an n i n h trong k h u vUc^^^ M a t khac,
d i i n dan nay la ket qua c i a ASEAN trong qua trinh tich cUc thUc Men chien lUdc ngoai giao can b i n g nUdc ldn Thong qua nhflng no lUc va sang tao trong chinh sach ngoai giao, ASEAN khong nhflng da n a n g cao vai trd vi tri c i a m i n h do'i vdi hdp tac
da phUdng, m a cdn gianh dUdc cd hpi n a m lay quyen l a n h dao hdp tac k h u vUc
Trang 5CA-32 Nghiin cicu Ddng Nam A 8/2010
TBD Hinh thflc hdp tac an ninh cia Dien
dan khu vUc ASEAN phu hpp vdi thUc te
da nguyen chinh tri va dac diem d u true
Iuc Iupng d khu vUc CA-TBD Muc tieu cd
ban c i a Diin dan khu vUc ASEAN dupc
neu Ien ngay t i kM thanh lap la: tang
cUdng do'i thoai hpp tac va hpi dam cac van
de cMnh tri va an ninh c i a cac nUdc cd
chung Ipi Ich va mo'i quan tam; ddng gdp
dang ke vao nhflng no lUc nham xay dUng
mpt khu vUc dang tin cay va dan chu d
CA-TBD Ve cd ban, muc tieu nay p h i hdp
vdi nhflng nguyen vpng c i a cac nUdc dang
trong qua trinh phat trien manh me d
CA-TBD, kip thdi dap flng yeu d u ve mpt moi
trUdng boa binh dn dinh n h l m day nhanh
tie'n trinh hpp tac khu vUc
Ngoai viec khdi xUdng va c h i tri dien
dan khu vUc, ASEAN cdn kien nghi va
tham gia tich cUc nhieu sang kien khac
lien quan den hpp tac an ninh khu vUc
CA-TBD va the gidi Nam 2002, ASEAN
va Trung Quo'c da kl "Tuyen bo' vi cdch
dng xd ciia cdc ben d Bien Dong" (DOC), d
mflc dp nhat dinh, tuyen bo' nay da lam
diu sU cang t h i n g gifla cac nUdc xung
quanh van de chu quyen lanh thd d khu
vUc tren bien Hien nay, dudi sU chu tri va
vai trd trung tam dieu hanh cd che giai
quyet tranh chip c i a ASEAN, cac nUdc
dang hudng tdi muc tieu xay dUng Bp quy
tic i n g x i Bien Dong, tang cUdng ddi
thoai va xay dUng long tin gifla cac ben
lien quan de giai quyet hda binh cac tranh
chap tren tinh t h i n c i a Tuyen boDOC va
Cong udc Lien Hdp Quo'c ve Luat bien
ASEAN la ngudi hoach dinh va tham gia
p h l n ldn cac boat dpng ngoai giao "kenh
2" c i a khu vUc CA-TBD Cd che boat dpng
ngoai giao "kenh 2" ldn nhat c i a khu vUc
TBD - Hpi ddng hdp tac an ninh
CA-TBD (CSCAP), dupc thanh lap dudi sU
thflc day c i a , trong dd, cac nUdc ASEAN chiem hdn 1/3 sd thanh vien cua CSCAP
C h i tich uy ban chi dao dieu hanh boat dpng cua CSCAP thong thudng cd d u 1 thanh vien cua i y ban thanh vien ASEAN
va 1 thanh vien c i a i y ban thanh vien ngoai ASEAN ddng c h i tich Ngoai ra, ASEAN da td chflc nhieu hpi nghi do'i thoai an ninh khu vUc CA-TBD trong dd
cd hpi nghi ban trdn Thai Binh DUdng (Pacific Roundtable) N i m trong khuon khd hpi nghi cap Bp trudng ngoai giao cac nUdc thupc Diin dan khu vUc ASEAN, thang 11/2009, dudi sU ddng c h i tri cia Viet Nam va an Dp, Hpi nghi do'i thoai quan chflc quo'c phdng ARF (DOD) lln diu tien da dUdc td chflc tai an Dp Nhflng hinh thflc do'i thoai nay cho thay, ASEAN dang tflng bUdc di sau vao nhflng hinh thflc hpp tac cu the, cd hieu qua ve nhflng npi dung lien quan den an ninh khu vUc
2 S\i thich ufng ciia "Con difdng ASEAN" b khu vvfc CA-TBD
Ddng gdp cua ASEAN vao tien trinh hpp tac an ninh da phUdng khu vUc CA-TBD khong chi the Men qua cac boat dpng nam trong khuon khd Dien dan khu vUc ASEAN, ma cdn cho thay d hieu flng thuc
day hpp tac tich cUc thong qua "Con
dudng ASEAN" (ASEAN Way)
Trong cac van kien, ASEAN khong dUa
ra dinh nghia ro rang ve khai niem "Con
dudng ASEAN" Theo chflng toi, "Con
dudng ASEAN" cd the dupc hieu la mpt
phUdng thflc tu duy ve nhflng hanh dpng dua theo nhflng chuan mUc va 16 trinh phat trien cua ASEAN; hoac dd dupc coi la van hda ngoai giao-an ninh hay van hda mang tinh dpc dao c i a td chflc ASEAN
Tat d nguyen tac, luat le va hanh vi Ung
x i cua ASEAN dUdc cu the hda mot each
Trang 6Nguyin Cdng Khanh, Nguyin Anh Chuang - Vai trd cita ASEAN 33
cd he thd'ng trong van kien mang tinh
phap II dd la Hien chUdng ASEAN Theo
dd, npi dung cd ban c i a "Con dUdng
ASEAN' cd the chia thanh hai mat: mpt
la, van hda che dp td chic ASEAN; hai la,
nhflng nguyen tic chi dao cac hanh vi
chuan mUc do'i vdi nUdc thanh vien Van
hda td chflc ASEAN c h i ye'u gdm: (1)
Than trpng trong viec xay dUng che dp
hda, theo duoi cai gpi la "Chu nghia che do
mem" ASEAN khong c h i trUdng thiet lap
quyen lUc sieu quo'c gia kieu nhU EU ma
la mpt to chflc hdp tac khu vUc lien chinh
p h i theo nguyen t i c binh dang gifla cac
nudc thanh vien Tang cUdng tham van ve
nhflng van de cd anh hudng nghiem trpng
den ldi Ich chung cua td chflc; (2) Tieu
chuan ket nap thanh vien dUa theo tinh
thin tinh toan bp (Inclusive) ASEAN
khong dUa ra quy dinh qua nghiem ngat
ve tieu chuan chinh tri do'i vdi cac thanh
vien mdi, cd gang thu hut nhieu nUdc
tham gia vao tien trinh hdp tac khu vUc;
(3) Lay tinh t h i n hiep thUdng nhat tri
(Consensus) de xay dUng quyet sach
ASEAN khong ap dung hinh thflc bd
phieu va p h i quye't Gifl nguyen t i c c h i
dao cia ASEAN khi dUa ra quye't dinh do
la ddng thuan va tham van Khi khong
dat dUdc sU ddng thuan, d p cao se quyet
dinh ve each t h i c ra quyet dinh phu hdp
Ve nguyen tac chi dao hanh vi c i a cac
thanh vien: (1) Giai quyet nhflng khac
biet hay tranh chip bing bien phap hoa
binh (Peaceful settlement of dispute) Cac
nudc thanh vien se no lUc giai quyet mpi
tranh chap thong qua do'i thoai, tham van
va dam phan ASEAN se duy tri va lap cd
che giai quyet tranh chap tren tat d cac
Iinh vUc hdp tac TrUdng hdp tranh chap
khong the giai quyet dUdc, van de se dupc
dUa len d p cao quye't dinh Ngoai ra, cac
nUde thanh vien van cd quyen s i dung cac phUdng t h i c giai quye't tranh chap khac theo quy dinh c i a Hien chUdng Lien Hdp Qud'c cflng nhu cac van kien phap ly quo'c
te khac ma nUdc do tham gia "Do ASEAN
bieu thi cong khai vd thUc hien nghiem tuc vdn de logi bo hodn todn bien phdp sit dung vd lUc trong gidi quye't tranh chdp giUa cdc nUdc dd ldm cho td chdc ndy di tren con dUdng phdt trien theo kieu cgng dong an ninh khu vUc"^^'>; (2) Khong can
thiep vao cong viec npi bp c i a cac nUdc thanh vien, ton trpng quyen c i a mpi nha nUdc trong viec bao dam sU tdn tai quo'c gia minh va khong bi can thiep, cUdng bic
t i ben ngoai Day la mpt trong nhflng nguyen t i c quan trpng nhat c i a ASEAN
Cac nguyen tic c i a "Con dUdng ASEAN"
la sU ket hdp dly d i , tho'ng nhat gifla Mat phap va cac nguyen t i c phd bien trong quan he quo'c te vdi tinh dac thfl c i a khu vUc Dong Nam a Day cd the coi la nhflng
mau mUc c i a viec tim kiem hpp tac "thd'ng
nhdt trong da dgng" ma ASEAN thUc
Men trong hdn bo'n thap ki qua, ddng thdi cflng la dam bao quan trpng cho muc tieu xay dung Cpng ddng ASEAN vao nam
2015 tren cd sd 3 tru cot: an ninh - chinh tri, kinh te va van hda - xa hpi
Tuy nhien, ddi vdi d khu vUc CA-TBD
ma ndi, Dong Nam A cd the cM la mpt khu vUc khong Idn Kinh nghiem thanh cong cua Dong Nam a cd the van dung rpng ra cho toan bp khu vUc CA-TBD hay khong dang va se la mpt khao nghiem do'i vdi
"Con dudng ASEAN" NhUng, qua theo doi
qua trinh phat trien hpp tac an ninh khu vuc CA-TBD tfl khi Diin dan khu vUc ASEAN ra ddi den nay cd the thay, cac
nguyen tac c h i yeu va hudng di cua "Con
dudng ASEAN" da gianh dUdc sU i n g hp
c i a cpng ddng quo'c te, t i n g bUdc md rpng
Trang 734 Nghiin cdu Ddng Nam A 8/2010
dupc a n h hudng cflng n h u sU thich flng c i a
minh do'i vdi t o a n bp k h u vUc CA-TBD
Thd nhdt, ve xay dUng che dp boat
dpng Hpp tac a n n i n h k h u vUc CA-TBD
sau Chien t r a n h I a n h khong r a p k h u d n
theo To c h i c a n n i n h va hdp tac chau Au,
cflng k h o n g t h i e t l a p mot p h i e n b a n
NATO cho CA-TBD, m a lUa chpn p h a t
trien theo mo h i n h "Con dUdng ASEAN"
D i i n dan k h u vUc ASEAN khong di sau
vao xay dUng che dp hda m a co' gang giam
thieu viec dinh che hda Cd che boat dpng
c h i yeu c i a nd p h u thupc vao to chflc
ASEAN, khong cd cd q u a n t h u kl rieng,
Chu tich ASEAN (luan phien h a n g nam)
cflng la C h i tich c i a Dien dan nay
ChUdng t r i n h nghi sU va chien lUdc p h a t
trien hpp tac a n n i n h c i a Dien dan k h u
vUc ASEAN dupc chia lam ba giai doan,
n h u n g khong cd mpt thdi gian bieu cu the
cho viec h o a n t h a n h cac giai doan T a t d
boat dpng hdp tac a n n i n h deu dUdc trien
khai dUa t r e n t i n h t h a n tU nguyen
Thd hai, ve tieu c h u a n ket n a p t h a n h
vien Hpp tac da phUdng a n n i n h k h u vUc
CA-TBD - D i i n d a n k h u vUc ASEAN, tiep
tuc thUc hien t i n h toan bp cua "Con dUdng
ASEAN" trong ket n a p t h a n h vien Tieu
chuan t h a p n h a t doi vdi mpt nudc xin gia
n h a p D i i n dan k h u vUc ASEAN p h a i la
quo'c gia cd c h i quyen va thupc k h u vUc
CA-TBD Ddng thdi, nhflng quy dinh lien
quan ve van de gia n h a p c i a t h a n h vien
mdi phai do t a t d cac nUdc t h a n h vien
trong to chflc b a n bac t r a o ddi, do Hpi nghi
Bp trudng phe chuan^'') T r e n thUc te,
t h a n h vien cua dien d a n nay da vupt qua
p h a m vi k h u vUc CA-TBD vdi sU cd m a t
c i a mpt so' nudc va td chflc quo'c te nhU
Nga, EU Viec md rpng tiep n h a n cac nUdc
t h a m gia vao do'i thoai hdp tac da larn cho
D i i n dan k h u vUc ASEAN trd t h a n h d i i n
dan an n i n h da phUdng q u a n trpng bac
n h a t bao p h i d k h u vUc CA-TBD rpng ldn d k h u o n khd hdp tac cua D i i n d a n nay, t a t d cac nUdc ddng vai trd q u a n trpng trong he thdng q u a n he qudc te nhU:
My, Nga, N h a t Ban, T r u n g Qudc, EU deu cd m a t t h a m du
Thd ba, ve cac npi dung t h a o l u a n Hpp
tac a n n i n h k h u vUc CA-TBD dUa theo
"Con dudng ASEAN" de dua r a v a n de
t h a o M a n va thUc hien nguyen t i c khong can thiep de'n nhflng v a n de lien q u a n den cong viec npi bp c i a d c nUdc Dua tren
nguyen tac nay, cac hpi nghi "kenh 2" c i a
D i i n d a n k h u vUc ASEAN thUdng khong
t h a o l u a n nhflng v a n de n h a y d m nhU:
n h a n quyen, t i n h h i n h npi bp cac nUdc
t h a n h vien.v.v T h a y vao dd, Hien chUdng ASEAN da t h i e t lap cd q u a n n h a n quyen n h a m thflc day bao ve n h a n quyen
va cac quyen tU do cd b a n cua n h a n dan cac nUdc ASEAN Cd q u a n nay boat dpng theo quy che do cac ngoai t r u d n g quy dinh Nd se giflp chinh p h i cac nUdc
t h a n h vien c h i dpng xay dUng cac gia tri chung c i a k h u vUc, bao dam quyen con ngUdi theo cac c h u a n mUc, gia tri truyen tho'ng va h o a n d n h dac thfl rieng cua moi nUdc va c i a c h u n g ASEAN, b a n che sU can thiep tfl ben ngoai^^^ Do'i vdi mpt so' van de gap p h a i trong qua t r i n h hpp t i c
n h u van de Bien Dong, cho'ng k h i n g bd^, dau tien p h a i dupc thong qua sU trao ddi thao l u a n c i a cac chuyen gia nghien cflu
tai hpi nghi ddi thoai "kenh 2", s a u khi dat
dupc y kien thd'ng n h a t sd bp mdi t r i n h len
hpi nghi "kenh 1" de can n h i c va di de'n
quyet dinh cuo'i cflng (xem chfl thich 5) Mac du cdn cd nhieu y kien khac n h a u khi de d p den t i n h hieu qua cua "Con dudng ASEAN", t h a m chi cd ngUdi cdn cho
r i n g , cd che hdp tac da phUdng ve a n n i n h
Trang 8Nguyin Cdng Khanh, Nguyin Anh Chuang - Vai trd cua ASEAN 35
k h u VUc CA-TBD dUdc thiet lap dUdi sU
c h i tri c i a ASEAN chi la "Nai bdn chuyen
sudng"^^\ hay: dac diem c i a "Con dUdng
ASEAN" la tinh linh hogt co thda nhUng
quyin lUc lgi khong du mgnh nen khong
the tiep can dugc vdi nhdng vdn di kho
khdn vi an ninh'-^^Kv.v NhUng t h e e
chung toi, nhflng n h a n xet nay, cd t h e
xuat p h a t tfl nhieu gdc dp d a n h gia khac
nhau, chi mdi n h i n t h a y mot m a t c i a van
de c h i chUa q u a n t a m mpt each tdng t h e
nhflng p h l n con Iai c i a nd Tfl "Con
dudng ASEAN" de cd t h e p h a t trien den
"Con dudng CA-TBD" la d mpt qua t r i n h
va t a t yeu se dien r a r a t nhieu bien ddi,
bdi vi, xet den cflng thi p h a m vi dia Iy va
t i n h da dang cua CA-TBD cdn khac biet
nhieu so vdi k h u vUc Dong N a m A The
nhUng, mpt dieu khong t h e p h i n h a n la
Men nay cflng n h u trong k h o a n g thdi gian
tdi, phUdng thflc mem deo, Iinh b o a t c i a
"Con dudng ASEAN" dang va v i n se la mo
hinh to't nhat, thich hdp n h a t do'i vdi hdp
tac a n n i n h da phUdng k h u vUc CA-TBD
Do dd, vai trd c i a ASEAN trong tien t r i n h
hpp tac a n n i n h da phUdng k h u vUc
CA-TBD van CO gia t r i khong t h e t h a y the
Dupc d a n h gia la mpt trong nhflng k h u
vUc p h a t trien "ban rgn" n h a t cua the gidi,
nhung xet ve khia canh a n a n ninh,
CA-TBD van dang tdn tai nMeu yeu to' gay b a t
on dinh Hien nay, k h u vUc nay dang p h a i
do'i m a t vdi mpt so' t h a c h thflc dd la van de
h a t n h a n t r e n b a n dao Trieu Tien, t i n h
hinh b a t dn d M y a n m a r , van de t r a n h
chap Bien Dong Vdi tU each la ngUdi
khdi xUdng va gifl vai tro chu dao trong cac
boat dpng do'i thoai hdp tac a n n i n h
-cMnh tri k h u vUc CA-TBD, ASEAN se tiep
can va giai quyet cac van de t r e n n h u the nao de bao d a m hoa b i n h on dinh k h u vUc? Day dupc xem la phep t h i ve t i n h Meu qua cua cac dinh che hdp tac a n n i n h k h u vUc
ma ASEAN da va dang no lUc xay dUng./
C H U T H I C H
1 Tran Han Khe, "Chu nghia da phUcSng vd
hgp tdc an ninh chdu A-Thdi Btnh BMng", Tap chi Kinh te va Chinh tri the
gidi (Trung Qudc), so'2-2003, trang 33-38
2 ASEAN-ISIS, A Time for Initiative, Proposals for the Consideration of the Fourth ASEAN Summit (Kuala Lumpur, ASEAN Institute of Strategic and International Studies, 1991), p.8-9
3
http://dantri.com.vn/c36/s36410622/phot h u http://dantri.com.vn/c36/s36410622/phot u o n g v i e http://dantri.com.vn/c36/s36410622/phot n a m c h u http://dantri.com.vn/c36/s36410622/phot r i d i e n d a n -an-ninh-khu-vuc-arfhtm
4 http://www.vietnamplus.vn/Home/Hoi- nghi-Dien-dan-ASEAN-17-ra-Tuyen-bo-Chu-tieh/20107/53997.vnplus
5 Michael Leifer, "The ASEAN Regional Forum:
Extending ASEAN Model of Regional Security", ADELPHI Paper.302 (London: The
Mternational Mstitute for Strategic Studies, Oxford University Press 1996), p.59
6 David Capie and Paul Evans, "The Asia-Pacific
Security Lexicon" (Singapore: Institute of
Southeast Asian Studies, 2002), p 15
7 Chairman's Statement the 3rd ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF), Jakarta, July 23,
1996 http://www.aseansec.org/1836.htm
8 http://asean2010.vn7asean_vnynews/34/2DA8
0 3 / T a i l i e u e o b a n v e H i e n e h u o n g -ASEAN
9 Hiro Katsumata, "Establishment of the
ASEAN Regional Forum: Constructing A
"Talking Shop" or A "Norm Brewery"?,
Pacific Review, Vol.19, Issue.2(Jun, 2006)
10 Tham Dat, "Vdn de hgp tdc an ninh vd
trien vgng - lay Biin ddn khu vUc ASEAN ldm vi du", dan tfl euo'n: "Cdch nhin mdi
ve li ludn quan he quo'c te", Nxb TrUdng