Tii nhung quan diem eua Chii tich Ho Chi Minh chung ta tha'y, de trd thanh ngudi can bd nhan dan, moi can bd phai hpc va hanh dupc eae diic can, kiem, liem, ehinh, ehi cdng vd tu va [r]
Trang 1HOC TAP VA 1AM THEO T A M G U H K G DAO OITC HO CHl MINH
TVTUtmG HO CHI MINH VE PHAM CHAT
NGUDI CAN DO N H A N DAN
• THS PHAM XUAN HOANG n
Trong Di chuc ciia Chu tich Ho Chi
Minh, ta tha'y toat len mdt khia canh
tu tudng het siic sau sac: tu tudng ve
ngudi can bp nhan dan Cd the ndi, dd la su ket
lai ea mdt chieu dai suy ngam biet bao nam lam
chinh trj, giao due, td chiic, lanh dao, ren luyen
can bd dudi ehe dp mdi Ngudi vie't: "Mdi dang
vien va can bd phai thue su tham nhuan dao
ddc each mang, that su can, kiem, liem, ehinh,
ehi cdng, vd tu Phai giu gin Dang ta that trong
sach, phai ximg dang la ngudi lanh dao, la
ngudi day td that trung thanh eua nhan dan"
Nhu'ng ddng ngan gpn tren day da neu len
yeu cau ve pham chat, dao diie, ve traeh nhiem
ciia ngudi can bd trudc nhan dan Day dudng
nhu khdng cdn la mdt ldi can dan thdng thudng
ma la mpt menh lenh, cd siie hieu trieu xuc
cam ddi vdi mdi can bp, dang vien Ngudi da
dung den ba ddng tii "phai": "phai thue su tham
nhuan "; "phai giu gin ( ) phai xiing
dang " Phai la mdt dpng tii cd y nghTa cau
khien, bat bude, mdt quy udc thuan chieu,
khdng cd chieu ngupc trd lai, chi cd hanh dpng
va hanh dpng Ngudi can bd nhan dan theo yeu
cau ciia Chii tjch Ho Chi Minh la nhiing ngudi
thuam nhuan dao diic each mang Ma "dao diic
each mang" nhu Ngudi da nhieu lan de cap dd
la dao diic mdi, dao diie xa hpi ehu nghTa Dao
diie each mang la mdt kieu dao diic dua tren
nen tang khoa hpc, ddi mdi, sang tao va nhan
van, la dao diic eua nhan dan Dao diic each
mang eiia ngudi can bp nhan dan la thii dao
(') Khoa Ly luan Chinh trj, Trudng Dai hgc Lam
nghigp
diie khae xa vdi dao diic phong kien bao thii, mdt chieu, ap dat Trong truyen thd'ng phong kien, tang Idp thd'ng trj neu len t u tudng: quan phu m l u ehi dan (quan la cha me ciia dan) Mdi nghe qua, cii ngd la thii vj, nhung trong dao diie phong kien, thi cac bae phu mau ay (tiic quan lai) khdng phai vi dan (con) ma la vi ehinh giai cap thd'ng trj, vi chinh cac dng quan ay Cdn ngudi can bd trong Di ehiic cua Chii tjch
Ho Chi Minh la hai thue the trong mdi mdt con ngudi: ngudi lanh dao, day td eua nhan dan Thoat nghe, tudng ehiing la mdt mau thuan nhung suy xet mdi tha'y dd la mdt bien chiing eua ddi sdng ehinh trj dudi che dp xa hdi chu nghTa Bdi le, xet d khia canh chiie danh, vai tro thi can bd la ngudi lanh dao, xet d ehiic phan, nghTa vu thi can bd la ngudi "day td" ciia nhan dan Chung tdi nghT rang, "day td" d day chi la each ndi cua Ngudi, nham nhan manh cai chiic phan va nghTa vu ay, chii khdng ed ham nghTa
gi khae hon
De trd thanh ngudi can bd nhan dan, mdi can bd, dang vien phai thue su ed dupfc nhung pham chat rat cu the nhung eung rat khai quat: can, kiem, liem, chinh, ehi edng vd tu Do la nhiing pham trii dao diic it nhieu ed ngudn goc
t i i Nho giao dupc Chii tjch Ho Chi Minh sU dung va thue hanh trong ddi sd'ng sinh hoat ehinh trj ciia minh Theo cae nha nghien ciiu, day la nhung pham tru Ngudi de cap nhieu nhat trong eae bai vie't, bai ndi eiia minh Ngudi cho rang, eae pham chat dd eung la mdt le tu nhien ciia eon ngudi, va neu thieu mdt trong chiing, thi khdng the thanh ngudi, (trdi ed bd'n mua, dat
ed bd'n phuong, ngudi ed bd'n diic)'" Can,
Trang 2kiem, liem, chinh, ehi edng vd tu la dao due eua
con ngudi Vdi ngudi can bp nhan dan le dT
nhien phai thuc hanh diic ay Can tiic la "sieng
nang, cham chf, cd gang deo dai" va quyet tam
vupft qua khd khan de lam dupe viee Can phai
di ddi vdi chuyen Can la de nang eao nang
suat lao ddng Kiem la "tiet kiem, khdng xa xi,
khdng hoang phi, khdng biia bai" Can vdi kiem
di ddi vdi nhau nhu hai ehan eiia mpt ngudi
Can kiem hd trp eho nhau, tang nang suat lao
ddng, tang tich luy Liem la "trong sach, khdng
tham lam"; "khdng tham dja vj; khdng tham tien
tai; khdng tham sung sudng; khdng ham ngudi
tang bde minh Vi vay ma quang minh ehinh
dai, khdng bao gid hii hda Chi ed mdt thii ham
la ham hpc, ham lam, ham tie'n bd"'^' Liem phai
di ddi vdi kiem, bdi ed kiem mdi liem dupe
Tham lam la mdt dieu rat xau hd Can, kiem,
liem cdn la pham hanh eiia mdt dan toe: "Mpt
dan tdc biet can, kiem, biet liem, la dan tdc giau
ve vat chat, manh ve tinh than, la mdt dan tdc
van minh tien bd"'^'
Chinh "nghTa la khdng ta, nghTa la thang
th&n, diing din" Ma gde re eua chinh lai la can,
kiem, liem Mdt ngudi phai can, kiem, liem,
nhung cdn phai chinh mdi la ngudi hoan toan
Chinh ddi vdi minh la khdng tu cao, tu dai, ludn
ludn chju khd hpe tap, eau tien bp, phat then
dieu hay va sua chua khuyet diem eua minh
Ddi vdi ngudi, phai yeu quy, kinh trpng, giup dd,
khdng njnh hdt ngudi tren, xem khinh ngudi
dudi Phai de viee nude, viee cdng len tren viec
tu, viec nha Cdng viec du to hay nhd deu phai
cd gang hoan thanh
Ve "chi edng vd tu", Ngudi yeu eau can bp:
"dem Idng chi edng vd tu ma dd'i vdi ngudi, vdi
viec", "khi lam bat eii viee gi cung diing nghT
de'n minh trudc, khi hudng thu thi minh nen di
sau", "phai lo trudc thien ha, vui sau thien ha"
Can, kiem, liem, chinh, chi cdng vd tu
khdng phai chi rao giang ma quan trpng phai
thuc hien trong mdi hanh ddng, mdi viee lam
Cd nhu the mdi dupe thanh edng, mdi dupe
nhan dan hudng ling va lam theo Thuc hanh
tdt can, kiem, liem, ehinh, ehi edng vd tu se
ren luyen, lam cho eon ngudi ndi chung,
ngudi can bd ndi rieng ed dupc ban ITnh "giau
sang khdng the quyen ru, ngheo khd khdng
the chuyen lay, uy vu khdng the khua't phue" Chu tjch Hd Chi Minh da tha'y dupc va ehi
ra md'i quan he ed tinh nhan qua giua can, kiem, liem, ehinh va ehi edng vd tu va le tat nhien mudn cd qua tdt phai gieo nhan lanh, trai lai phai diet nhan ac Ngudi cho rang: can, kiem, liem, chinh tdt se dan tdi chi cdng vd tu,
va chi cdng vd tu, mdt Idng vi dan, vi nudc thi nha't djnh se thuc hien dupe can, kiem, liem, ehinh Ngudi can bd chi cdng vd tu la khdng nghT de'n minh trudc, "ldng minh chi biet vi Dang, vi Td qude, vi ddng bao" Chi cdng vd tu
la dieu can ban tao nen ehu nghTa tap the, trai ngupc vdi chu nghTa ca nhan Do dd, thue hanh ehi eong vd tu la phai quet saeh ehu nghTa ca nhan Chu nghTa ca nhan la mpt thii rat gian giao, xao quyet, nd kheo dd danh ngudi ta di xudng ddc Nd la mdt thii vi triing rat dpc, de ra hang tram thii benh: tham d, lang phi, hu hda,
xa hoa, tham danh true Ipi, thich dja vi quyen hanh, tu cao tu dai, coi thudng tap the, xem khinh quan chung, ddc doan chuyen quyen, quan lieu menh lenh Vi vay, de phdng can benh nguy hiem dd, thi ngudi can bp phai can, kiem, liem, ehinh, ehi cdng vd tu Can, kiem, liem, ehinh, ehi edng vd tu la phuong thude hiiu hieu nhat ed the khang lai chu nghTa ca nhan Tii nhung quan diem eua Chii tich Ho Chi Minh chung ta tha'y, de trd thanh ngudi can bd nhan dan, moi can bd phai hpc va hanh dupc eae diic can, kiem, liem, ehinh, ehi cdng vd tu
va thuc su, ngudi can bd ehi cd the trd thanh ngudi can bd nhan dan khi hdi tu dupc nhung diie ay Cac pham chait dao diie ay ed lien quan quy djnh lln nhau, tao thanh nhan each, ban ITnh ngudi can bp, cd nhu vay can bd mdi dupe dan tin, dan quy, dan ling hd, xiing dang la
"ngudi lanh dao" va "day td" eua "nhan dan" Ngudi can bd de la can bd thuc su ciia nhan dan phai ed dao diic each mang, song theo Ngudi, de cd dao diie each mang khdng
d l dang gi, bdi: dao diie each mang khdng tu tren trdi rPi xudng ma la do cd mpt qua trinh ren luyen ben bi hang ngay mdi cd dupe Ngudi eung day tham thia rang de la edng bde eua dan la mdt bai hpe sud't ddi can phai khae ghi, phai hpe sudt ea ddi: "Lam can bp la sud't ddi lam day td trung thanh cua nhan dan May
To c h u c nhik nuoc so 10/2009 O
Trang 3chu a, b, c nay khdng phai ai eung thudc dau,
phai hpc mai, hpc sud't ddi mdi thudc dupfc""'
Ban than Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh la mdt tam
guang lanh tu sang ngdi ve can, ve kiem, ve
liem, ve chinh, ve dat Ipi ich chung len Ipi ieh ea
nhan, trpn mdt ddi tan tuy edng hien vi nhan
quan xa hdi Va chinh vi Idi sd'ng can kiem liem
chinh, chi cdng vd tu da nhan len su vT dai trong
con ngudi eiia Bac VT dai ciia su gian dj, ngay
ca khi dung d vj tri cao nha't cua mdt Dang, mdt
dat nudc Dieu nay da dupe khang djnh trong
Dieu van ciia Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang
Lao ddng Viet Nam do ddng chi Le Duan, Bi thu
thii nha't, dpe tai Le truy dieu trpng the Ho Chii
tjch, ngay 9/9/1969: "Ca cude ddi vT dai ciia Hd
Chii tjch la tam guang mai mai sang ngdi chi
khi each mang kien eudng, tinh than dpe lap tu
chii, Idng yeu nhan dan tham thiet, dao diie chi
cdng vd tu, tae phong khiem ton, gian dj"
Tai sao khi de cap den can bd, cdng tae can
bp, Chii tjch Ho Chi Minh ludn gan lien vdi
Dang? Theo Ngudi, Dang ta la dang cam
quyen, td chiic ren luyen va lanh dao can bd
"huan luyen can bd la edng viee gde ciia
Dang"*^' va "cdng viee thanh edng hoae that bai
deu do can bd tdt hay kem Vi vay, Dang phai
nudi day can bd, nhu ngudi lam vudn vun trdng
nhung cay cdi quy bau Phai trpng nhan tai,
trpng can bd, trpng mdi mdt ngudi ed ieh eho
cdng viec chung cua chung ta""" Nhu vay, theo
Chii tjch Ho Chi Minh, khdng cd can bd chung
chung ma can bd dat dudi su lanh dao ciia
Dang, viec phat hien dao tao, sii dung can bd la
cdng viec can ban eiia Dang Can bd hoat ddng
la de phuc vu va gdp phan quan trpng hoan
thanh cac mue tieu, Ipi ich eiia Dang va dd
ehinh la muc tieu, Ipi ich eiia toan the nhan dan
va dan tdc
40 nam Ngudi di xa eiJng la 40 nam toan
dan thue hien Di ehuc thieng lieng eiia Ngudi
Nhieu hdi thao khoa hpc da tie'n hanh tdng ket,
danh gia viec thue hien Di ehiie, da khing djnh
nhung ket qua chung ta lam dupc va cung da
chi ra nhiing thieu sdt ve nhieu mat, trong dd ed
edng tae can bd Gan day, Ket luan ciia Hdi
nghj Trung uong chin (khda X) ve viec tiep tuc
thue hien "Chie'n lupe edng tac can bd trong thdi
ky day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat
nude"'", da danh gia viee thuc hien Nghj quyet Trung uong ba (khda VIII) ve "Chie'n lupfc can
bd thdi ky day manh cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dat nudc" trong han mudi nam qua Ket luan eua Hdi nghj ehi ra rang, sd ddng can bp
v i n kien djnh, giii dupfc pham chat dao diic, ldi sd'ng lanh manh, gan gui vdi nhan dan Tuy nhien, tinh trang suy thoai ve ehinh trj, tutudng, dao diie, ldi sdng trong mdt bd phan khdng nho can bd v i n dien ra nghiem trpng, keo dai, chua
cd giai phap hiiu hieu de ngan ehan va xur ly kjp thdi Chat lupfng dpi ngu can bd cdn nhieu ye'u kem, bat cap; co cau dpi ngu can bd v i n mat can dd'i, thie'u ddng bd, chua hop ly
Ban Chap hanh Trung uang Dang khda X tiep tuc de ra muc tieu xay dung dpi ngu can bp
cd ban ITnh chinh trj viing vang, pham chat va nang luc td't, ed co cau phii hop vdi chie'n lupe phat trien kinh te - xa hpi, xay dung va bao ve
Td qud'c, bao dam su chuyen tie'p lien tue, viing vang eiia cac the he, dap ling yeu eau nhiem vu cija thdi ky mdi va 5 nhdm nhiem vu, giai phap Idn la: quan triet sau sac eae quan diem va muc tieu ve xay dung dpi ngu can bd; ddi mdi manh
me phuong thiic lanh dao eCia Dang dd'i vdi cdng tae can bd; ddi mdi tu duy, each lam, khae phue ed ket qua nhiing ye'u kem trong tiing khau CLJa cdng tac can bd; tang cudng cdng tac giao due, quan ly can bp; day manh cdng tac nghien ciiu khoa hpc, xay dung bd may va con ngudi lam edng tac td ehiie, can bd
Nhung chuong trinh da lam va nhung muc tieu de cap tren day ehinh la su tiep tue hien thue hda tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve ngudi can bo nhan dan trong dieu kien mdi •
Ghi chu:
(1) Ho Chi Minh, toan tap, Nxb CTQG, Ha Noi, 2000, t.5, tr.631
(2), (3), (5), (6) Sdd, t.5, tr.252, tr.642, tr.269, tr.273
(4) Ho Chi Minh, toan tap, Nxb CTQG, H.2002, 1.12, tr.555
(7) Ban Tuyen giao Trung uang: Tai lieu
nghien ciiu Nghj quye't va cae van ban ket luan
eua Hdi nghj Trung uong 9 khda X, Nxb CTQG,
Ha Ngi, 2009