phan thanh nien phai nhat mue tieu, ly tudng xa hpi ehu nghTa, sdng budng tha, ludi hpe tap va tu duong dao dure, thich hudng thu, ngai lao dpng, chay theo ldi "sdng gap"; tu [r]
Trang 1HOC TAP VA LAM THEO TAM GUVNG DAO DUG HO CHl MINH
DOI DUONG TH£ HE THANH NIEN CHO CACH MANG
• VOVANHAin
Sinh thdi, Chu tieh Ho Chi Minh ludn
quan tam dac biet viee bdi dudng,
giao due the he thanh nien cho each
mang Theo Ngudi, thanh nien khdng ehi la lue
lupng true tiep ganh vac va giai quyet nhung
nhiem vu hien tai, ma cdn la dpi ngu ke can,
ngudn bd sung de tiep tuc phat trien su nghiep
each mang cua cac the he di trude Trude lue di
xa, trong Di ehuc de lai, Chu tjeh Ho Chi Minh
da can dan toan Dang, toan dan ta: "Doan vien,
thanh nien ta ndi chung la td't, mpi viee deu
hang hai xung phong, khdng ngai khd khan, ed
chi tien thu Dang d n phai cham lo giao due
dao due each mang cho hp, dao tao hp thanh
nhCrng ngudi thura ke xay dung chu nghTa xa hdi
vu'a "hong" vura "chuyen" Bdi dudng the he
each mang cho ddi sau la mdt viee rat quan
trpng va d n thiet"'"
Chu tjeh Hd Chi Minh ludn nhin nhan, danh
gia dung vj tri, vai trd cOa thanh nien trong tien
trinh Ijch su va trong tung thdi ky each mang
Danh gia rat cao vai trd eua the' he tre, ChO tjeh
Hd Chi Minh viet: "Mdt nam khdi dIu tu' mua
xuan Mpt ddi khdi dIu tu' tudi tre Tudi tre la
mua xuan cOa xa hdi"<^' Ngudi coi van menh
cOa nude nha thinh hay suy, yeu hay manh mpt
phin Idn la do thanh nien Ngudi ehi rd: "Thanh
nien la ngudi chu tuong lai cOa nude nha"'^'
Sud't eude ddi hoat ddng each mang, du ban
tram cdng nghin viee nhung Chu tjeh Ho Chi
Minh van ludn danh cdng sure va tri tue dao tao,
bdi durong the he tre cho each mang f u ' khi cdn
la thay giao day hpc d Trudng Due Thanh,
Ngudi da chu trpng truyen thu tinh thin yeu
nude, kien thuc Ijch sur, van hoa dan tdc, ren
luyen the chat cho hpc sinh Nam 1925, trong
Thu gui thanh nien An Nam, Ngudi viet: "Hdi
(*) Hpc vien Chinh trj Quan su
Ddng Duong dang thuong hai! N^udi se chet mat neu dam thanh nien gia edi cOa ngudi khdng sdm hdi sinh"'"' Sau khi tim ra con dudng cuu nude cho dan tdc, viee dau tien ma Chu tjeh Hd Chi Minh thyc hien trong chie'n lupc each mang Viet Nam la van dpng, td churc va huan luyen Viet Nam thanh nien each mang ddng chi Hdi Dd la cai ndi dao luyen nhung thanh nien uu tu cOa nude ta lue dd trd thanh nhung lanh tu each mang kiet xuat sau nay Vdi kinh nghiem thyc tiln phong phu ket hop vdi ly luan each mang, Chu tjeh Ho Chi Minh nhan thuc rd: mpt dan tdc dot la mdt dan tdc yeu Vi vay, ngay tu nhCrng ngay dIu mdi thanh lap ehinh quyen each mang, Ngudi coi viee xoa mui ehCr, tieu diet giac dot, nang cao dan tri la nhidm vu thu hai sau nhiem vu cap bach eOa dat nude luc bay gid Ngudi ehi rd:
"Nay Chung ta da gianh dupe quyen ddc lap Mdt trong nhung edng viee phai thyc hien d p tdc trong luc nay la nang cao dan tri"<='; "Nude nha d n phai kien thiet Kien thiet d n phai cd nhan tai"<^' Ngudi da dua ra quan die'm chi dao mang tinh chien lupc lau dai ddi vdi sy nghiep each mang "Vi Ipi ich mudi nam trdng cay, vi ipi ich tram nam phai trdng ngudi"'^' Tu tudng
"trong ngudi" cOa Chu tjeh Ho Chi Minh cho Chung ta thay rd su quan tam dac biet cua Ngudi ddi vdi viee dao tao the he tre cho each mang Do la ke sach lau ben de xay dyng va bao ve dat nude
ChO tjeh Hd Chi Minh danh gia cao vai trd cOa thanh nien khdng phai vi hp la lye lupng ddng nhat, ma ehu yeu la vi ban chat nhan lue eon ngurdi theo lu'a tudi Ngudi nhin nhan rd sue manh ca ve the chat, tam hdn va tri tue cOa lua tudi thanh nien Ngudi coi thanh nien la lue lupng xung kieh di dau tren cac mat tran: danh giac, giur nude, xay dyng kinh te, van hoa, khoa
Trang 2hpe, bao ve an ninh, trat ty, an toan xa hdi
Ngudi ndi: "Thanh nien ta ngay nay da trd thanh
mdt dpi quan to Idn, hang hai tien len, quye't
tam phan d I u hy sinh vi To qude than yeu, vi
tien bd xa hdi"'^' Trong tu tudng va t i m nhin
cOa ChO tieh Ho Chi Minh, thanh nien la canh
tay dac lye va dpi hau bi tin cay eua Dang; la
nhung ngudi giir vai trd quye't djnh trong viee ke
thura, bao ve va phat trien truyen thdng yeu
nude ve vang, ban sac van hoa dan tdc ma cac
the he cha anh di trude de lai Trong thu gui cac
chie'n sy d m tu quan, Ngudi viet: "Cae em cam
tu de cho To qude quyet sinh Cae em la dai
bieu cai tinh t h i n tu tdn, tu lap eua dan toe ta
may nghin nam de lai"'^'
Vdi t i m nhin xa, trdng rdng ve lue lupng ke
can, ChO tjeh Ho Chi Minh da danh nhieu thdi
gian giao due, dao tao, van ddng, tap hop, quan
tam theo ddi, cham lo bdi dudng the he tre de
thanh nien tumg budc tien bd, trudng thanh
Ngudi thudng nhae nhd nhiem vu cua cac the
he di trude la phai thudng xuyen cham lo, dao
tao, bdi dudng cae the he di sau, lam sao de hp
tien bd hon minh, cd tien bp hon thi xa hpi mdi
phat trien Chinh vi vay, Ngudi da can dan: phai
dao tao hp thanh nhung ngudi ke thura xay dyng
chO nghTa xa hdi vura "hong" vura "chuyen" Cd
nhu vay hp mdi hdi tu du cac pham chat, nang
lye d n thiet ea ve nhan lue, tri tue Ian ban ITnh
ehinh trj, ea ve nhan each, dao dure Ian sue
khoe de dap ung yeu d u cOa su nghiep each
mang xa hdi ehu nghTa
Theo ChO tjeh Ho Chi Minh, viee bdi dudng
the he tre d n phai: "Chu trpng du cac mat: dao
due each mang, khoa hpc ky thuat, lao ddng va
san xuaf'''°> Trong dd, Ngudi coi viee giao due,
bdi dudng ly tudng, dao du'c each mang cho
thanh nien la ndi dung quan trpng hang d I u
Chu tjeh Ho Chi Minh ludn nhle nhd thanh
nien: "Chung ta khdng mpt phut nao dupe quen
ly tudng cao ca cOa minh la phan dau cho To
qud'c ta hoan toan ddc lap, cho ehu nghTa xa hdi
hoan toan thang Ipi tren dat nude ta"'"' Theo
Ngudi: ddc lap dan tdc va chu nghTa xa hdi la ly
tudng cao dep ma mdi ngudi thanh nien Viet
Nam phai ludn tham nhuin va phan dau vuon
tdi Ddi vdi viee bdi dudng dao due each mang
, cho the he tre, Chu tjeh Ho Chi Minh ehi rd:
"Thanh nien ta d n phai tham nhuIn tinh t h i n
lam ehu nude nha va phai trau ddi dao dure cua
ngudi each mang""^' Dao dure each mang theo
Chu tjeh Ho Chi Minh la dao dure mdi, la pham chat khdng the thie'u va la cai gde cua eon ngudi xa hpi ehu nghTa Npi dung cot Idi nhat cua dao due each mang la d n , kiem, liem, ehinh Ngudi khuyen nhu thanh nien: "Phai giu vung dao dure each mang Phai khiem ton, d n
eu, hang hai, dung cam Phai tranh tu tudng kieu ngao, cdng t h i n , tu tu ty Ipi Phai xung phong trong mpi edng tac""^' Chu tieh Ho Chi Minh edn chu trpng bdi dudng tri thure ly luan, van hoa, khoa hpe ky thuat cho thanh nien Theo Chu tieh Ho Chi Minh, thanh nien phai vura cd dure, vura ed tai Ngudi coi day la dieu kien d n va dO de thanh nien edng hien ngay cang nhieu cho dat nude Ngudi chi rd: "Ngay nay Dang yeu c l u can bp chang nhung thao ve ehinh trj ma cdn phai gidi ve chuyen mdn"'"" Vi vay, de cd trinh dp tri tue cao, cd tri thuc ve mpi mat, ben' canh viee trau ddi dao dure each mang, thanh nien d n phai hang hai hpc tap, trong dd hpc tap ly luan cua ehu nghTa Mae -Le-nin, hpc tap nang cao trinh dp chinh trj, van hoa, khoa hpc ky thuat va quan su su dung cac tri thure dd de xay dung va bao ve td qude Ngudi viet: "Phai ed gang hpc tap chinh trj, van hoa, nghe nghiep de tien bp mai de san sang trd thanh can bp tdt, dang vien tdt"'^^' Chu tjeh
Ho Chi Minh edn coi trpng viee bdi dudng the chit cho the he tre thanh nien Theo Ngudi, viee xay dung nude nha, thue hien ddi sdng mdi t i t thay deu phai ed sue khoe thi mdi thanh cdng Ngudi day: "Phai ren luyen than the cho khoe manh Khoe manh thi mdi ed sue
de tham gia mpt each deo dai ben bl nhufng cdng viee ich nude, Ipi dan""^'
Chu tjeh Ho Chi Minh cdn ehi ra phuang cham, phuang phap bdi dudng, giao due thanh nien, dd la hpc di ddi vdi'hanh, giao due ket hpp vdi lao dpng san xuat, nha trudng gan lien vdi
xa hdi Giao due thanh nien phai lien he vdi nhung cudc dau tranh xa hdi, nham giup hp tranh nhCrng cai ddc hai, tieu cue va tiep thu, hpc hoi nhCrng cai hay, tien bd trong cudc sdng Chu trpng giup thanh nien tu giao due, lay guong ngudi tdt, viee tdt de hang ngay giao due Ian nhau
De xu'ng dang la the he each mang cho ddi sau, Chu tjeh Ho Chi Minh ddi hoi thanh nien phai ra sure hpc tap, hpc tap trong nha trudng, trong gia dinh va ngoai xa hdi; hpc tap qua sach
vd va tur ehinh thyc tien eude sdng Ngudi edn
Trang 3yeu d u the he tre phai ludn tu ren luyen, tu
duong trong thuc t i l n nhIm xay dung, phat
trien cac pharn chat, nang luc can thiet de sau
nay cd the cdng hien duqc nhieu nhat cho que
huang, cpng dong va xa hpi Hpc khdng phai de
lam quan nhu trong xa hpi eu, ma la "de phung
su To quoc, phung su nhan dan, lam cho dan
giau, nude manh, tu'c la de lam trdn nhiem vu
ngudi chu nuoc nha"''"' Ngudi ndi vdi thanh
nien: "Nhiem vu cua thanh nien khdng phai la
hoi nude nha da cho minh nhCrng gi, ma phai tu
hoi minh da lam gi cho nude nha?" Ngudi yeu
d u thanh nien phai c6 tinh than s i n sang: "dau
Dang d n thi thanh nien cd, viee gi khd ed
thanh nien", phai doan ket chat che, kien tri
phan dau, vuot mpi kho khan, thi dua hpc tap
va lao dpng san xuat, gdp sue vao xay dung
mpt nude Viet Nam hoa binh, thdng nhat, doe
lap, dan chu va giau manh
Tham nhuan va thue hien nhung tu tudng
cua Chu tieh Ho Chi Minh ve cham lo, bdi
duong the he tre cho each mang, cae the he
thanh nien Viet Nam da nhanh ehdng trudng
thanh, ddng gdp cdng sue vao su nghiep each
mang cua Oang, cua dan tpc Thanh nien ehinh
la luc luang ndng edt di dau trong hai cudc
khang chien chong thuc dan Phap va de qud'c
My Bao ve doc lap dan tpc, thdng nhat To qud'c
va dua dat nude di len chu nghTa xa hdi; da va
dang tieh cue xay dung lai dat nude ta to dep
han, dang hoang han nhu mong ude chay bdng
cua Chu tieh Ho Chi Minh
Hien nay, su nghiep ddi mdi toan dien dat
nude, xu the toan d u hoa va hpi nhap kinh te
qud'c te dang dat ra yeu d u rat cao ddi vdi the
he thanh nien Tiep ndi truyen thdng each
mang, trong nhCrng nam qua, the he tre thanh
nien Viet Nam da ehd'ng to dupe ban ITnh each
mang, sue tre va su sang tao, dam nghT, dam
lam Nhieu phong trao thi dua do Trung uang
Doan phat dpng nhu: Thanh nien tinh nguyen,
Tudi tre ren dure - luyen tai, Thanh nien lap
nghiep da mang lai hieu qua xa hpi to Idn,
ehurng minh ro tinh xung kich, di dau cua the he
tre thanh nien trong su nghiep cdng nghiep
hoa, hien dai hoa dat nude, ddng gop cdng sue
xay dung dat nude Viet Nam dan giau, nude
manh, xa hpi cong b I n g , dan chu, van minh
Mac du vay, tac dpng tieu cue tu' mat trai
cua nen kinh te thi truang da lam cho rndt bp
phan thanh nien phai nhat mue tieu, ly tudng xa hpi ehu nghTa, sdng budng tha, ludi hpe tap va
tu duong dao dure, thich hudng thu, ngai lao dpng, chay theo ldi "sdng gap"; tu tudng ich ky, tinh toan thiet hon, chay theo Ipi ich vat chat tam thudng da xuat hien trong mdt bd phan khdng nho,thanh nien hien nay Hon nua, cac the luc thu djch dang ra sure ehd'ng pha su nghiep ddi mdi va phat trien eua nude ta Chung tap trung tuyen truyen eae gia trj tu san, xuyen tac, bae bd cae nguyen ly eua chO nghTa Mac - Le-nin, phu nhan vai trd lanh dao cua Dang, de cao chu nghTa tu ban, Id'i sdng ty do, thuc dung nhIm gay rdi loan, hoang mang, dao dpng, mo hd, mat niem tin vao mue tieu, ly tudng xa hdi chu nghTa
Vi vay, viee quan triet va van dung tu tudng cua Chu tjeh Ho Chi Minh vao cham lo, bdi duong the he tre thanh hien hien nay cang ed y nghTa dac biet quan trpng Hon bao gid het, toan Dang, toan dan va toan quan ta phai quan tam cham lo, dao tao, bdi dudng, bdi dudng the
he tre thanh nien cd du due va tai, "hong" va
"chuyen" de thue su la ngudi chO tuong lai eua nufoc Kf^a
Hpi nghj Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang Ian thu bay (khoa X) ra Nghj quye't ve "Tang eudng su lanh dao eua Dang ddi vdi edng tae thanh nien thdi ky day manh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa" Dieu dd the hien rd t i m nhin 'chien lupc cua Dang ddi vdi vai trd thanh nien trong thdi ky mdi va viee tham nhuan tu tudng
Hp Chi Minh ve cham lo, bdi dudng the he thanh nien cho each mang.a
Ghi c h u :
(1) Ho Chi Minh, toan tap tap 12, NXB Chinh tri Qud'c gia Ha Ndi, 2000 Tr.510 (2) (5), (6) Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, tap 4 tr.167
36 451
(4) Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, tap 2, tr 133
(3) (10), (12), (15) Ho Chi Minh Sdd tap
10, tr 106 190, 305, 190
(7) Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, tap 9 tr.222
(8), (11) (14) Ho Chi Minh Sdd tap 11, tr.504, 372, 313
(9) Ho Chi Minh, Sdd, tap 5 tr.35
(13) (16) Ho Chi Minh Sdd tap 8 tr.263.264 (17) Ho Chi Minh Sdd, tap 7, tr.399