Viet Nam thoi ky tien khoi nghia. De mua chugc nhan sT tri thirc Nam Ky va Trong nim 1944, vrii tinh than tich cyc tap hgp thanh nien lam lyc lugng de phring sir "sua sgan khoi ngh[r]
Trang 1NHUNG VAN DE CHUNG VE LICH SU DANG
TRi THIJi; VIET NAM TRONG THQI KY CHUAN Bj Llli; LUQNG
VA TIEN HANH TONG KHOI NGHiA THANG TAM NAM 1945
GS, TS NGUYEN VAN KHANH
Let luc lucmg nhciy ben voi cdi m&i, tdng lop tri thirc dd sam tiep thu vd truyen bd elm nghia Mac - Lenin d Viet Nam, gop phdn vdo sir ra ddi cua DCS Viet Nam Trong nhimg ndm 1930-1945 duoi sic lanh dgo cua Dang, tdng Idp sinh vien tri thicc hdng hai tham gia vdo phong trdo ddu tranh vd Id luc licang xung kich tren mgi Iran vdn hdu - lu lucmg Trong qud trinh chudn hi luc luong vd tien hdnh tdng khon nghia sinh vien iri ihirc vira Id lice lugng true tiep tham gia ddu Iranh chinh tri vd vu irang tdng khai nghia vica Id ho phdn quan trong trong lice licang idnh dgo cdch mgng gop phdn ximg ddng vdo lining lai vl dui cua ddn toe Irong Cdch mgng ihdng Tdm nam 1945
Durii ach ip bu'c nang ne cua thuc dan
Phap, cugc sring nhan dan ngiy cing drii
ngheo cung kiet vi nghet tho Drii khri va cim
hrin den cue do, nhan dan Viet Nam sin sang
viing day dau tranh durii su lanh dao cua Dang
Di theo tieng ggi cua Ding, tri thu'c Viet Nam
da tap hgp va dau tranli cho quyen \gi cua dan
trie Phong trao dien ra srii noi ram rg fren kliap
ba mien Bac-Trung-Nam Nhieu tri thu'c yeu
nuric bi bit vi hy sinh Thrii ky 1932-1935,
phong trio each mang din hoi phuc vi phit
then Day la thrii ky thu lua cua fri thu'c Viet
Nam qua dri ning cao uy tin vrii nhin din dring
• Hieu iruring Truang Dai hoc KHXH&NV, Dai
hoc Qucic gia Ha Nrii
thrii due nit dugc nhiing kinli nghiem chg nhiing cao frio cich mang tiep theo
Nhung nim 1936-1939 bio chi phit trien ram rri ra sire tuyen tmyen during loi each mang cua Ding Cgng sin Dong Duong, nrii len nguyen vgng cua nhin din Chinh quyen thuc dan thi hanh nhieu thii doan hring ngan can sir phit trien cua phong trio nhung khong thanh cring Thg ca each mang vi van hoc hien thuc
ra drii va phit trien manh Hgi tmyen ba chir quric ngir thinh lap nim 1938, lay tri thirc lam nring cot day manh boat dgng xgi mu chir
chring thit hgc, hing nghin ngurii da biet dgc
biet viet Hoat dgng cua Hgi grip phan dua during lrii cua Dang den vcri quan chiing nhan dan mo rone co so cich mane cho Daniz hoat
Trang 2NHUNG VAN OE CHUNG VE LICH SO OANG
dgng Ting lop tri thirc da diing ra thu thap
nguyen vgng cua cac tang lap nhan dan de to
cio che do thugc dja,
Cic cugc diu tranh thoi ky nay fren ITnh \are
vin hgi - tu tuong da grip phan danh lui mgi tir
tuong phan dgng, giio due dang vien, nang cao
nhan thu'c quan chung ve each mang chuan bj
moi mat cho thing lgi curii cung Trong dri tang
lop tri thu'c dring vai trri xung kich
Nam 1939, Chien tranh the gioi thir hai bung
no Nam 1940 sau khi Nhat nhiy vao Dring
Duong, thyc dan Phap dang Dring Duong chg
Nhat Phit xit Nhit dung nhieu thu doan de lira
gat nhan dan ta
Hgi nghj Tmng uong Ding curii nim 1939
da quyet djnh thinh lap Mat tran dan trie thring
nhat phan de Dring Dugng thay cho Mat tran
dan chu Nen tang ciia Mat tran la giai cap cong
nhan va nong dan dgan ket voi tieu tu sin va tri
thirc Tang lop tri thuc dugc xic djnh li mgt luc
lugng quan trgng trong Mat Iran
,, Nam 1941 tinh hinh thai cugc cri nhieu
bien chuyen khan truong, Hgi nghj Trung
uong 8 nhan djnh: "Nhiem vu cap bich nhat
dugc dat ra luc niy li lim the nao huy dgng
mgi luc lugng de cu'u nuric, giii phring dan
trie Murin the phii doin ket toan dan, tap
hgp cic doan the, hgi cu'u quric, cac tang Irip
nhan dan, trong do cri dring dao nhan sy tri
thirc Mat tran Viet Minh ra drii
(19-5-1941) dap u'lig dugc yeu cau do"' Nhan ro
xai trri quan trong cua tang lop tri thu'c
Dang ta nhin manh: "Doi vrii tieu tu san tri
thirc la tang lop nrii chung luon lurin tich
cue chong de quoc nhung bat lyc chung ta
phai thinh that giup dd hg, lrii cuon hg, lam
chg hg thay rri sue chien dau cua cring nring, lam tang them ning luc chien dau cua hg trong cugc each mang"^
Nhim dgng vien gioi tri thu'c hang hai dau tranh tren mat tran van hga - tir tuong chong lai chinh sich vin hoi ngu dan va nri djch cua phat xit thyc dan, diu nim 1943, Ding ta quyet djnh thanh lap Tri van hga cim quric ma hat nhan la mgt s6 van sT tri thuc each mang, tri chirc tiayen tmyin chu nghia Mac va loi curin hgc sinh, sinh vien vag phgng trig dau tranh each mang Cung
trong nim 1943, De cuong ve vdn hod cua
Ding ra doi Day li sy kien het su'c quan trong trgng doi sring chinh trj - xa hgi nrii chung, trong gioi tri thu:c van nghe sy nrii rieng
Bin De cirang vdn hod da ehi chg tri thirc
thay dau la lrii thgit va murin dugc giai phring
hg phai ciing tgan dan tgc dau tranh chong ach
ip birc cua phit xit Nhat-Phap, gianh lai dgc lap tir dg; vach ro nhiem vu cua tri thuc yeu nuric la tham gia cich mang, die biet la each mang van hoi - tu tuong, mgt bg phan cau thanh cua each mang dan trie, dan chu, Tri thirc phii dgin ket
toan dan, phai hga minh vcfr cring nong duoi su lanh dag cua Ding, Bin De cuong vdn hod ta
drii da kjp thofi khich le phgng trig hgc sinh, sinh vien vi tri thuc, dring thoi trang bj cho hg
ly luan mac xit, lam tang them sue chien dau ciia hg trgng hrng bai tho van, timg ban nhac, nang cong tic van hoa thanh mgt vii khi dau tranh each mang cua gicyi van nghe sy, Tren eg
so nay, Hgi van hga cim quric dugc thanh lap
voi sy tham gia cua nhieu van nghe sy
Thing 6-1944, vrii sy giup dg cua Dang Cgng sin Dong Duong Ding Dan chu da ra drii Nhiem vy tmng tam ngay tu dau ma Dang
Trang 3NHONG VAN OE CHUNG VE LICH SU OANG
de ra cho ting Irip sinh vien, tri thuc la sit canh
ciing cac doan the dinh do phit xit Nhat, ke
thii cu the vi tmroe mit cua tain the nhin dan
Chien luge cu the luc dri cua Ding Dan chu li
"lich cue lot mat na va dip tan cic hang Viet
gian dau hang Nhit die biet li cic nhrim Dai
Viet" Hoat dgng cua Dang Dan chu da pha
tan anh huring cua be lu thin Nhat trong cac
tang Irip nhan dan Cic ban tuyen tmyen xung
phong hoat dring manh me Trong qui trinh
chuan bj luc lugng tien trii tring khoi nghTa,
Dang mri rgng boat dgng, die biet la ri cic dri
thj Irin, loi cuon dong dag hgc sinh, sinh vien,
cong chirc va ci thuong gia len mat Iran dau
tranh each mang
Su' hoat dgng manh me vcri nhung dring grip
quan trc)ng drii vrii phong trio each mang da
nang cao uy tin cua Ding Dan chu Co so cua
Ding phit trien 6 khap ba mien Bic Tmng
-Nam Thing 7-1944, Tan Dan chu doin a Nam
Ky dugc sap nhap vao Ding Dan chu tag eg sri
de thong nhat Dang Dan chu tren pham vi ci
nuric Tuan bao Thanh nien, chu\'en san Vdn
hod, co quan ngon luan cua Dang Dan chu a
Nam Ky dim nhan nhiem vu tmyen ba va bao
\e nen vin hoi dan trie, do kien true su Huynh
Tan Phit phu trach da tap hgp dugc nhieu nhi
iri thirc cri ten turii nhu Xuan Dieu Pham
Thieu Nrii dung cua chuyen san niy xoay
quanh chu de chring chia re Bic-Nam drii dgc
lap va thong nhat dat nuric Tmric inh hucmg to
Irin ciia to bio den phong trig cich mang, thuc
dan Phap da ra lenh dinli chi in bio ngay trong
ihaiig 9-1944,
Dring grip cin ban cua Dang Dan chu la
"thanh tich giic ngg cich mang \'i cai tao tu
••.!
luring chg ting lop tieu tu sin vi tri thirc"" Vrii
ting Irip tri thirc Ding da tien hanh viec cii tao
tu tuong, vach ro thai do "tmng lap, khich quan" cua tang Irip tri thirc ve chinli trj la mgt sai lam Trong luc cugc dau tranh vu trang \a dau tranh chinh trj dien ra neu dimg ngoii cuoc tire la vri tinh lam lgi cho djch, Dring thoi da phi cac quan niem sai lam cho rang nghe thuat phii thuan tuy, khoa hoc li cao quy hgn ci hay chuyen mrin phii dgc lap vrii chinh trj Dang giup phin tir tieu tir sin, tir sin va tri thu'c tien
bg cy tuyet chu nghia quric gia lac hiu vi con during cich mang din chu tir sin kieu cii, di theg con during cich mang dan chu mrii
Dang Din chu Viet Nam ra drii li buric nggat Irin, quan trgng trgng drii sring chinh tii cua nhung ngurii tri thirc sinh vien, vien chirc yeu nuric vi cic tang lop trung gian khic a thinh thj, tag dieu kien cho hg gia nhap hing ngu cich mang, phit huy Iring yeu nuric vi tinh than dan trie chin chinh, giup ho them gan gui
va dgan ket vrii nhimg ngurii cring san va cring nhan nring dan va cic tang lop khic de ciing nhau dau tranh giai phring dan trie
Viec Ding Cring sin Mat Iran Viet Minh, Ding Dan chu tranh thu dugc su ung ho cua ting Irip sinh vien, tri thu'c cri y nghTa rat quan
trgng, lim cho cic ting \6p trung gian nga ve
phia cich mang Nhieu thanh nien tri thirc di gia nhap phong trio dau tranh each mang cua cong nong Dac biet, sau khi Nhat dao chinh Phap (9-3-1945), nhieu Huong dao sinh da di theo Mat tran Viet Minh, Nhu vay, mac dii tac dong manh cua am muu thu doan tham dric ciia phit xit Nhat - Phap nhung do cri chu tmong dung dan cua Dang Cgng san soi sing
Trang 4NHONG VAN OE CHONG VE LICH SO OANG
nen phan dong sinh vien, tri thuc Viet Nam da huong chinh tri sai lim cri tinh chat eg hgi chu tifrig buric giic ngg va hing hii tham gia phong nghia neu ra khau hieu: "Cin lgi dung Nhat de frao diu tranh giai phring dan tgc, grip phan danh Phap sau dri se dinh Nhat" lim sing to khong nhri vao thing lgi cua Cich mang thing khau hieu "Danh Phap duoi Nhat" Dri la Tim nam 1945 thing lgi het sue tg Irin tren mat tran van hoa
-Tren mat tran van hoi - tir tirong, dugc tiip tu tirong thoi ky cich mang 1939 - 1945, thu chu nghia Mac-Lenin, chu tm'gng, chinh Cac nha van, nha bag, van nghe sT cich
sach cua Ding nen thoi ky nay phan Ion tii thuc mang da viet nhieu bai big giii thich chu
Viet Nam da dugc tap hgp trong hing ngii dau tmong cua Mat fran Viet Minh va cac doan the tranh cua Mat tran Viet Minh Thong qua cugc cuu quoc, giup nhan dan nhin rg ban chat cua dau tranh soi dgng, tri thire cing khing djnh ke thu, khring de chung lgi dung, kiem co Iring nhiet tinh, tinh ning dgng va diing cim Trgng thoi ky 1939-1945, tiiy phai hgat cua minh, dgng trgng dieu kien vg cung khri khan nhimg
Tren mat tran van hoi - tir turing da dien ra tang lop tii thirc Viet Nam duoi sy lanh dao cua
cao trao dau tranh cich mang sue srii cua tri Ding Cgng sin da thyc sy trof thanh luc lugng thire, vin nghe sy Bag chi cich mang da xuat cich mang quan trgng, nhat la tren ITnh vyc van bin nhieu, luu hanh rgng rai, Ngoii hai tg big hria - tir tirring,
la Gidi phong, co quan cua Ding Cgng sin Bio chi thyc sy tro thanh vu khi sic ben Dong Duong va bag Ciru quoc, co quan cua trgng cugc diu tranh tren mat tran van hga tir Tring bg Viet Minh crin cri cic tri bio Lao tirong, dinh bai mgi am muu, thu dgan khung
dong, Hon mrdc Tien phong Bio chi dja bri, lu-a bjp cua ke thii
phuong dugc xuit ban nhiiu nhu: Cao-Bic- Hgi tmyin ba chii qugc ngir tiip tiic phat
Lang cri tg Viet Nam doc lap, a Tmng Bri cri triin Nhiiu lop hgc da dugc mo o nggai thanh
tg Quyet thdng, o Nam Bg cri to Giai phong Ha Ngi, Ha Dgng va sau dri lan rgng ra cac tinh
vi Tien phong Noi dung bag chi li giig due Hai Phring, Quing Ninh, Nghe An, thu hut
su tu during pham chat cua tri thirc tre, tang dring dao sinh vien tri thu:c tham gia, Chi tinh curing tinh doan ket giira lyc lugng sinh vien rieng trong mgt tiiin "a Ha Ngi thing 8-1941 vrii cac tang Irip khac, dua tin tire trgng nuoc da eg tren 200 tri thu'c ghi ten vao ban day hgc
vi quoc te, "uy tin cua Dang, cua Mat tran cua Hgi voi 22 dja diim hgc chi trong thanh
Viet Minh drii voi cic gioi vin hoi, van hgc ph6"l Hgi da tri chire nhimg cugc nrii chuyen cung nhu doi vrii nhan dan ngay cang lan rgng vi cac danh y, cac cugc thi cau drii nom dien
va dl sau , ^ thuyet, trung bay, sgan sach vg, to chu'c nhung Tinh hinh thuc te cua each mang ngay cang Igp hgc Phap van, cip bing vi phin thuong cho phirc tap, tri thirc cgng sin da kjp thoi giai nhimg nguoi da hgc xong, mg thu vien tai khu thich kien quyet diu tranh voi nhung quan Tuong Mai (Ha Ngi) di cac hgi vien va hgc diem sai lam nhu murin "khoi nghia ngn" xu sinh cri ngi tham khao sich bag Nam 1944,
Trang 5NHONG VAN OE CHUNG VE LICH SO OANG
Hrii trmen ba chir quric ngir dugc thinh lip ri
ca Nam Ky Ai Lao, Cag Mien, Den nim 1945
0 Bac Ky, Tmng Ky deu cri chi nhinh cua Hgi
"So hgc vien thgit nan mu chir nhri hoat dgng
cua Hrii len 5 van, nhieu nhit a Hi Ngi li 3
van"^ 0 Nam Ky, Ban trj su Hgi tmyen ba chir
quric ngir da ra mit dring dio quan chung vio
ngiy 29-9-1944, vai nhirng tri thirc cri ten tiioi
nhu cac bic sy Nguyen Vin Thinh, Tran
Quang De, la hgi vien sing lap Cic giio vien,
luat su, dugc sy ciing la thinh vien cua Hgi
Phong trio lan rgng toin Nam Ky vi thu dugc
nhung thanh tuu to Ion
Cri dugc ket qui dri li cring sue cua hang
van hrii vien trong dri chu yeu la tri thirc, sinh
vien Dieu die biet li thong qua phong trio
nay "nhieu giao vien va thanh nien da biet
lien lac vrii to chirc thanh nien va cuu quric
trri thinh cin bg ciia quan chung, cua Mat
Iran Viet Minh, hoat dgng hgi de tuyen tmyen
cho Viet Minh"^
Cuoc dau tranh tren ITnh vyc chinh trj, xa hgi
CO tic dgng manh me vig ITnh vuc vin hoi
-nghe thuat, trong do tang lop tri thuc la luc
lugng xung kich
Trao luu vin hoi cich mang phit trien Phan
Ion tri thirc vin nghe sy deu gin bri voi cich
mang Trong cac tic pham cua minh, hg deu
noi len cugc song cue ky nggt ngat ducM ich cai
tri phat xit va mgng chri, khao kbit cich mang
Dring tha vin cich mang gin voi dien tien cua
cuoc dau tranh cich mang
Van thg cring khai vrii sing tic vi ly luan
phe binh cua nhung vin nghe sy trtrc tiep hoac
gian tiep gin bri \gi Dang nhu: Ngu\en Hong,
Ncuven Huv Turinc Crin Dane Thai Mai da
quyet liet chring lai \in hoi no djch \a chu tmong dung van hgi phuc vy each mang
Ve sing tic nhac cri nhrim Dong \gng nhrim Tring ca Nhimg bii hit ljch su noi tieng ghi diu an dam net trong Iring quan chung nhu
"Bach Ding Giang", "Xep but nghien" deu li nhirng ca khuc hginh tring, lay dgng Iring nguoi, thuc giuc nhan din nhat li hgc sinh, sinh vien dimg len cuu nuric
Ngoii ra crin cri nhirng nhrim tri thirc \'an nghe sy hoat dgng theo nganh, nhrim van hgc
dimg dau la Mai Vin Bg 0 Sii Grin crin cri
nhrim sinh vien yeu nuric hgc ri Phip ve nhu nhrim "Van hgc Van Lang" cua Pham Nggc Thach Phong trio nliu mgt lan sring ngim ngiy cing Irin manh thu hut dugc nhieu tang lop tham gia
Van nghe sy vira ke thu'a phat hu}' tmyen thring tot dep cua dan trie vu'a the hien con ngurii mrii ve tu tuong, tinh cam va ci ve phong each hoat dring vi chien diu Chii nghTa yeu nuric chin chinh dugc phit trien trii dinh cao thinh chu nghTa anh hung cich mang Dri la cii cin bin ma Ding dem lai cho tam hon vin nghe sy Sy tuyen tmyen giic ngg cua Dang va qua thuc te dau tranh, tang lop tri thirc da tham nhuan chu nghia Mac-Lenin, hieu r5 during loi chu tmcmg chinh sich Ding, cua Mat Iran Viet Minh Tinh than ty giac, y thirc dan trie va giai cap da tham sau lam thay doi nhan sinh quan cua tri thirc lam cho hg tham gia dau tranh dung cim, hing hii vi nhiet tinh
Sinh vien tri thirc da dring grip tryc tiep vao thing lgi \T dai cua dan trie trong cugc Tring khoi nghTa thing Tim nim 1945 Trong nam
1940 day bien dgng di dien ra cic cugc dau
Trang 6N H U N G VAN OE CHUNG VE LICH SO OANG
tranh cua sinh vien va tri thuc or cac tiirong ky Dugc sy chi dao tryc tiep cua Ding, cugc nghe: chring bit hgc sinh vag linh ky thuat, drii van dgng thinh lap Tring hgi sinh vien da dien
buy bri lenh giir hgc sinh o tmong di sin xuit ra cring khai, xuc tien lien ket cac lyc lugng
vri dan phuc vu chiin tranh di quric Ung hg sinh vien yeu nuo^c, cri cim tinh voi cich mang cugc khrii nghia Bic Sgn, Nam Ky, nhrim g cac tmong dai hgc, cag dang trgng ca nuo'c
thanh nien tri thirc o phri Kham Thien vi nha ga Trgng nhimg nam 1941 -1942, phgng trao
xe lua da bi mat keo li cri bua liim Ion len nric sinh vien of Nam Ky da phat trien manh
ga Hang Cri, chin dgan tiu Ha Ngi-Sai Grin a Trgng Ban Chip hanh Tring hgi sinh vien
ga Van Diin, rai tmyin don keu ggi hinh khach Dring Duong ciing co nhieu sinh vien Nam huong ung cugc khoi nghTa Tmyen don dugc Ky tham gia va giir nhihig chu'c vu quan rai o nliiiu noi trong thanh phri, keu ggi quan frgng nhu Dang Nggc Trit (Truri^ng ban dien chung chong chien tranh de quoc, bio ve Lien thuyet), Le Khic Thien (Truang ban dan
Xo chong khung bri dan ap quan chung Dau van),, Nggai ra hg crin nim giii nhirng cugng nam 1940 Doan Thanh nien phin de dugc vj then chrit trgng Hgi Nam K^ tuong ke, Sri
thanh lap ri Ha Ngi Den giu'a nam 1940 Doan Mat thim Phap o Ha Ngi xac nhan: "chi rieng Thanli nien phan de da cri hang tram doan vien thing 12-1941 a Ha Ngi da cri 13 vu rai
ri tmong hgc, khu phri vi cic xi nghiep Thing truyen don each mang"^, Dac biet la Hgi 11-1940 cugc khrii nghTa Nam Ky bring nri SAMMIPIC'° ho hag thanh nien phai lam Thuc dan Phap da bat va xu' ban nhieu cin bg, cugc each mang trong tam hon va tu turing, dang vien va quan chung, trong dri cri nliieu tri trg ve vrii coi ngurin dan trie,
thirc can bg lanh dao Dang nhu Nguyen Thj Tring hgi hai mien da lap ra cac ban ve sinh Miiili Kliai, Nguyen Van Cu va y hgc de giup dgng bao phring, chira benh,
De tap hgp sinh vien vig to chu'c, cac dong chong lai cic hien tugng me tin dj doan, dugc chi lanli dao Dang Cgng sin da tiep xuc tryc huong ung nhiet liet Sinh vien Nam Ky tri tiep vrii mgt so tri thu'c yeu nuric cri uy tin vi chirc triin lam tai Tga D6 chinh Sai Grin ve sinh \ien cri nhiet tam de hinh thanh Ban tri sy each phring chong va chiJa trj nhirng can benh lam thoi cua Tring hgi sinh vien do luat su nan y, tg chu'c kham benh, cip thugc nhim Dugng Due Hien lim Hgi tmring Ban trj sy bag ve su'c khoe chg nhan dan Nggai ra, Tring dugc sy tin nliiem cua dong dio sinh vien hgi ciing lap ra ban c6 vin vi luat di giiip Ngoai sinh \'ien cua ba mien Bac-T-mng-Nam ding bao mgi khi bj gan ire cin diu tranh crin CO sinli vien Ai Lao, Cao Mien va ea sinh chring giai cip thing trj, dg Luat su Nguyen vien Phap'\ Tong hgi da xay dyng khrii doan Nggc Minh dimg diu
ket trgng sinh vien chring lai mgi am muu chia Viec giao due tinh thin yeu nuric, ren
re ciia ke thii khgi day Iring yeu nuoc thuong luyen phim chit vi su'c khrie chg sinh vien nrii cua dong dag sinh vien dua hg tham gia dugc chu trgng Lin diu tien tai khu Dring vao cac hoat dgng huu ich Duong hgc xi, Tring hrii da tri chu'c trgne thi
Trang 7NHONG VAN 0^ CHUNG VE LICH SO O A N G
Le Gio to Hiing Vuong, Cic sinh \ien que o
ba mien Bic-Trung-Nam cung nhau ding
huong tro \ e \oi coi ngurin din trie, the giir
iron khi phich din trie Sau dri cir hang thing,
sinh vien cic truring thay nhau dung xe dap
di thim cic di tich Cri Loa, Bach Ding, ,
Nhieu cugc nrii chuyen ve nhi Tran, ve "Iran
Bach Ding", ca nggi Binh Ngo dgi cdo, gay
dugc tieng vang Irin
Ngoai ra, sinh vien tri thirc crin to chuc dien
kjch Nhirng trich doan kjch ljch sir nhic lai
mot quang drii cua cic bic vT nhin cri cong vrii
nuric, chi sy cring thin nhu "Dem Lam Son",
"Hoi nghj Dien Hring"., dugc tri chu'c tai giang
during dai hgc ri Nam Ky hoac ri rap
Olympia" Ha Ngi, thu hut sy tham gia cua
dong dio cac ting lop nhan dan, nhat la thanh
nien, sinh vien va tri thu'c Sinh vien Nam Ky
con to chuc da hgi ri Nhi hit Ion Sii Grin nham
keu ggi noi guong Hai Bi Trung dung len khoi
nghia tra thu nhi, den ng nuric Phong trio bieu
dien vin nghe vi luyen truyen kien thuc khoa
h(3c dugc sinh vien cic truring dai hgc va cao
dang loan Nam Ky va Tmng Ky huong img
Cac hoat dring nay lim cho quin chiing
nhan dan cang them tin tuong vao thanli nien tri
thirc va hy vgng o hg mgt tugng lai mrii cua dat
nuric Nhan xet ve van de niy, bao Thong tin
\iet: " Dri la nhirng tam gugng ljch su ma
chiing ta can phai biet de noi theo Ma gugng
nay dugc thanh nien tri thirc dem ra soi chung
that la mc ro chrii lgi murin phan Qua nhung
tam guong kien tmng dri hg se ngim ngliT ve
nhiem vu ciia minh"'" Cri mgt lin cring dien
tiircic dong dao ngurii xem la sinh \ien tri thirc
\ a dai dien done dao cic szirii ri Hi Noi klii cac
nhan \ i t tren sin khiu quay lai hrii khin gii;
"tmric nhuc nen hoi ha\' chien" thi lien dri tieng tri lrii ram frrii li "Chien" Bgn thuc dan
va tay sai het sire lo sg da tim cich de dga, bit bri nhung nguoi dung diu viec niy
Hoat dong cua hg crin dugc mri rong bang viec tri chu'c cic cugc cim trai dai ngi)- mo diu
li trai Bing Tri o Thanh Hoa (1941) Ho tham gia phit CO dip nen ca\' cuoc \oi nliin din
Nam 1942 trai dugc to chuc a Tuong Mai (Hi
Ngi) vrii nhieu hgat dgng phong phu hon: tri chu'c cic buoi nrii chuyen ve ve sinh nring thrin, dien kjch Hang nam, Tong hrii sinh vien Nam
Ky cung lap trai thanh nien de ren luyen sinh vien cri du'c tinh trit Nim 1943 lap trai ri Lri 0
voi quy mri Irin keo dii hon mgt thing, cri su
tham gia cua nhieu thanh nien sinh vien tri thuc yeu nuric Biet tin dri, thyc dan Phap ra sire ngan cin nhung tm'ric sue ep cua quan chung, bon thuc din phii nhugng bri Tai trai suoi Lri
0 crin dien ra nhung dem lua trai nhung vri
kjch vi nhieu bii hit moi dugc phri bien rgng
rai Sau su thinh cring dri Tring hgi sinh vien crin cri sing kien to chirc mgt so trai luan chuyen vrii pham vi nho hon ri mien Dong Nam Ky \'i Tmng Ky
Cuoi nam 1943 dau nam 1944 tinh hinh each mang Viet Nam cri nhung buric phit trien mcri, to chu:c cua Ding v i Mat tran Viet Minh
da bat re rgng trong quan chung Durii sir chi dao cua Tring Bi thu Truring - Chinh, Tring hrii sinh vien tiep tuc to chuc nhieu boat dring
de loi keo sinh vien tri thuc, nhu cugc hanh huong lan thir ba len Den Hung, to chuc cac trai day manh cac boat dgng van nghe Tring hoi crin \'an drin" nhieu huriniz dao sinh tiv
Trang 8NHUNG VAN OE CHUNG VE L|CH SO OANG
chay cac hoat dgng thi thag do ten thyc dan tinh, mit tinh, le tuyen the a khap ngi dring
Duyeuroy loi keo di tham gia cic hgat dgng thrii lap nhieu diem cim te grip phan giai cua Tring hgi quyet nan drii o^ mien Bic, tien hanh lay sung Trgng ting lop sinh vien va tri thuc da dien dan cua Phap
ra cugc van dgng "xip but nghien len during Tai Ha Ngi, tri thirc sinh vien tham gia cac tranh diu" Phong frag nay dugc khoi xuong tai dgi tuyen truyen xung phgng, dgi danh du,
Ha Ngi sau do lan ra khip cac tinh Bic Ky loi tiin hanh trin ap bgn mat tham, chi diem ic cuon ci sinh vien ri Tmng vi Nam Ky Hg da rin ngay trgng thanh phri, nhu giet ten Cai tri chu:c thanh tiing nhrim, dung xe dap tga vi Lgng, Phri Nhu Nhieu cugc mit tinh Ion da cac nga during di myen tiuyin Sinh vien Nam dien ra khap noi tir thanh pho den nong thon
Ky dung chan lai noi nag la tri chu'c ca hat Xip ven ngi, 6^ ca nhirng tinh lan can nhu Bac
hilt nghien Len ddng cri vii tinh than dau Ninh, Hi Dring,, Tri thuc crin cring khai dien
franh vi quyet tam chien dau den cung Day li thuyet, rai tmyen don lam cho ke djch hgang phong trio rat die tmng cua sinh vien tri thu'c mang lg sg,
Viet Nam thoi ky tien khoi nghia De mua chugc nhan sT tri thirc Nam Ky va Trong nim 1944, vrii tinh than tich cyc tap hgp thanh nien lam lyc lugng de phring sir
"sua sgan khoi nghTa", theg chi thj cua Tring tan cring cua thyc dan Phip, Nhat da de nghj
bg Viet Minh, cac dgan vien, sinh vien tri thirc Bic sy Pham Nggc Thach dung ra tap hgp, to
tiep tuc hing hai tham gia phgng trig vai cac chu'c luc lugng thanh nien Nam Ky, Nhan ca
hinh thirc mit tinh, bieu tinh va dien thuyet, De hgi nay, Xu uy Nam Ky tucmg ke tyu ke ung hg dong bag Thii Nguyen anh dung quyet djnh tap hop mgt bg phan thanh nien chong lai cugc khung bo dim mau cua ke djch, yeu nuric lam lyc lugng xung kich trgng Tong cic sinh vien tri thu'c Hi Ngi da dan ip phich khoi nghia, dan den sy ra dofi cua tri chirc
vi rii tmyen dgn ri 18 dia diem trong thanh Thanh nien Tiin Phgng, Chi trgng ba thing
pho Hg crin treg bing ron chir cag den 1 met 6 phit dgng, a cac tinh thanh Nam Ky, lire
Quric Tu Giim vrii khau hieu "dinh durii lugng thanh nien tri thirc trgng tri chirc da phat
Nhit-Phip" Sinh vien tri thirc con tham gia triin nhanh chring, rieng 6 Sai Grin da cri 20
vao nhieu tri chirc khic nhu dgi ty ve chien van thanh vien'I Nhan xet vi hoat dgng ciia dau, dgi tuyen tmyen xung phong thanh Thanh nien Tiin Phgng, trgng do cri sy tham
Hoang Dieu gia tich cue cua ting lap tri thirc, Bac sy
Sau ngay 9-3-1945, cao trig khang Nhat, Pham Nggc Thach da viit: "Phgng trig len ciru nuric bring no trong toan quoc Cac tri nhu sring giri, da dua sinh vien len mgt buac chirc vu trang nua vu trang da phat triin nhanh tren cgn during each mang, tir Sai
nhanh chring nhimg cugc mit tinh, biiu tinh Grin-Chg lan phong trig thanh nien da lin at dien ra ram rg o khap ngi Sinh vien fri thu'c ci chinh quyin"'"* Thanh nien Tiin Phgng la
lien tiep to chirc nhimg cugc hgi hgp biiu lyc lugng hung hau va rit quan trgng cho
Trang 9NHUNG VAN OE CHUNG VE LICH SU OANG
chien thing cuoi ciing cua din tgc vag miia
Thu nim 1945,
Nhu vay, hau het cic luc lugng thanh nien
sinh vien tri thirc di tham gia vio cic to chirc
cinj quric Ho tro thinh mgt luc lugng chinh trj
to Irin
Ngay 14-8-1945, phit xit Nhat dau hang
quan Dring minh Thai co giinh chinh quyen
da trii Trong tinh the ngin nam cri mgt Dang
phit dring tring khoi nghTa: ket hgp diu tranh
vu trang vrii diu tranh chinh trj Tri thuc tham
gia true tiep vio tong khoi nghTa giinh chinh
quyen Trong luc niy, nhirng mat tich cyc,
yeu to ning dgng nhat cua hg dugc phit huy
cao dg Nhieu thanh nien tri thuc, sinh vien
da tham gia vao dgi ty ve chien dau, cac dgi
thanh nien xung phong, hg trri thanh luc
lugng xung kich cho cugc khrii nghTa giinh
chinh quyen ri nhieu dja phuang Chi trong
vring 10 ngiy, cugc Tring khrii nghTa thing
Tim nim 1945 cua nhan din ta duoi nggn cri
linh dao cua Ding Cgng san vi Chii tjch Ho
Chi Minh da gianh thing lgi hoin loan
Thing lgi vT dai dri cua dan trie ta cri su dring
grip to Irin cua dring dio ting Irip tri thu'c sinh
vien trong ca nuric,
Tri thirc khong chi cri mat fren cic ITnh vuc
bio chi vin hoa - tu turing mi crin li nhirng
nguoi linh xring pha Iran mac quen minh Ho
thanh lap dugc nhieu tri chu'c yeu nuric boat
dring cring khai va bin cring khai tren khip cac
tinh thinh tren ci nuric, Tri thirc khong chi giir
nhieu chu'c vu quan trgng trong cac to chirc
cong khai ma crin dim trach nhieu nhiem vy
quan trgng trong bg may chinh quyen each
mang Chinh tru)en thring yeu nuric va thuc
tien dau tranh phgng phu srii dgng cua nhin dan ta da tao nen tang viing chic de tri thirc giac ngg \ i hang hai buric vio tran tu\en cich mang cua dan trie
1 Ve cdch mgng Uc licang vd vdn hod, ST, H,
1984, fr 11
2 Le Duan: Giai cdp vd san vai vdn de ndng ddn
trong cdch mgng Viet Nam, ST, H, 1986, lr.215
3 Duong Dire Hien: "Sau nam dau tranh vi doc
lap va dan chu", Bao Doc lap, 1950, so 22
4 Dang Thai Mai: "Vai tro lanh dao ciia Dang tren
mat Iran van hoa 30 nam nay" Tap san Nghien cim
vdn hoc so 1-1960
5 Bao Thdng tin so 1 va so 2 (ihang 8-1941)
6 Tran Hu}' Lieu, Nguyen KJiac Dam: Xu hoi Viel
Nam tnmg thai Phdp - Nhdt, NXB Van-Sir-Dja, H,
1957, fri 72
7 Cuoc van dong Cdch mgng thdng Tdm a Hd
Ngi, Ban Nghien ciru lich sir Thanh uy Ha Noi,
frill
8 Hoi sinh vien: Lich sicphong trdo sinh vien Viel
Nam vd Hoi Sinh vien Viel Nam, NXB Thanh nien, H,
2003, lr.44
9 Ban Chap hanh Doan Thanh nien Cong san Ho
Chi Minh thanh pho Ha Noi: Chang duong 72 ndm
cua luoi ire Thu do, NXB Ha Noi, 2002, tr.72
10 Hoi Nam Ky Dire - Tri - The due
11 Nay la Nha hat Hong Ha (51 Duong Thanh,
Ha Noi)
12 Thdng tin so 34 (ra ngay 11-4-1943)
13 Tdng khai nghTa thdng H -1945, ST, 11,1985,
fr231-232
14 mo Nhdn Ddn, ngay 26-12-1959