Cac quan diem cua Hdi giao ve phat trien \ a nhirng triet ly lien quan cd the coi la nen tang quan trpng de Viet Nam cd budc tiep can phii hgp tdi khu vuc Trung Ddng, tim kiem nhung[r]
Trang 1.i • - i
TRIET LY DAO HOI TAI TRUNG DONG
Bill Nhat Quang*
"'''•Jii:
1 Tarn quan trong cua Trung Dong
Trung Ddng la khu vuc cd vi tri chien luge
va nhieu tiem nang phat trien, dang la diem
ndng thu hiit sir quan tam cua rat nhieu nude
ldn tren the gidi Trong mot thdi gian dai,
Trung Ddng da chiu cac tac ddng ca tich cue
lan tieu cue cua nhiing dien bien toan cau xuat
phat tir cac trung tam quyen luc hang dau tren
the gidi nhu Hoa Ky Lien Minh Chau Au,
Trung Qudc, Nga vv Sir gan ket cd tinh nhay
cam nhu vay ciia Trung Ddng vdi cac trung
tam quyen lire cua the gidi khien cho cac qudc
gia khu vuc nay nhanh chdng bi Idi keo vao
cac dien bien mdi ciia qua trinh phat trien toan
cau trd thanh dia ban phat huy anh hudng ciia
rat nhieu nude ldn '
Ddi vdi Viet Nam, Trung Ddng dang trd
nen ngay cang quan trgng dugc coi nhu mot
trong nhirng hudng chien luge mdi trong tien
trinh da phuang boa, da dang boa quan he
qudc te Tren thuc te Chinh phii Viet Nam da
thay dugc tam quan trgng ciia Trung Ddng va
Tien sT, Vien Nghien ciiu Chau Phi va Trung Dons
dang nd lire thiic day quan be hgp tac vdi khu vuc nay, xac dinh day la hudng dot pha chien luge vdi ly do:
- Trung Ddng bao gdm nhieu qudc gia co tiem lire kinh te manh va ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien ddi dao (dac biet la tiem nang dau khi)
- Cac quan he qudc te tai Tmng Ddng dang dien ra het sire da dang vdi nhieu tang nac, nhieu loai ddi tac trong dd Viet Nam cd Igi the
la duy tri dugc quan be chinh tri rat tot dep vdi hau bet cac qudc gia Trung Ddng
- Neu khai thae tot quan he vdi khu vuc nay thi Igi ich mang lai cho ca Viet Nam va cac qudc gia ddi tac tai Trung Ddng la rat ldn Ngoai ra, cac bai bpc riit ra tir qua trinh phat trien ciia cac qudc gia nay ciing cd y ngliTa rat quan trgng, tac ddng tich cue tdi qua trinh phat trien kinh te - xa hdi ciia Viet Nam
Til' nhung nhan dinh nhu vay mot each tiep can rat dang quan tam khi tim bieu ve Trung Ddng da dugc dat ra: nghien ciru ve Trung Ddng qua lang kinh ciia triet ly dao Hdi
Tap chi nghien ciru CII.AU PHI & TKUXG DO.XG so 10 (50) t h a n g 10/2009
Trang 2Triet ly dao Hoi tai Trung Dong Bui Nhat Quang
2 H6i giao va Triet ly dao H6i
Dao Hdi (Hdi giao, phien am theo tieng
Arab la al-'isldm) dugc xac dinh la mot tdn
giao ddc than thugc nhom cac ton giao co
nguon gdc tic Abraham Day la tdn giao ldn
thir hai tren the gidi, sau Kitd giao, va la tdn
giao dang phat trien nhanh nhat vdi sd tin dd
udc tinh hien da len tdi 1,3 ty ngudi tap trung
chu yeu tai cac qudc gia Trung Ddng Cac
nghien cim ve tdn giao ciia khu vuc Trung
Ddng cho thay rang khu virc ban dao Arab ma
cu the la Saudi Arabia (Arap Xeut) chinh la
que huang cua dao Hdi, nai tdn giao nay xuat
hien lan dau tien vao khoang The ky thii VII
Cd nhieu y kien khac nhau ve nguyen nhan
dan tdi sir ra ddi ciia dao Hdi nhung hau het
cac hgc gia da gan sir ra ddi ciia tdn giao nay
vdi hang loat cac nguyen nhan kinh te, xa hdi,
tu tudng ciia khu vuc Trung Ddng trong qua
trinh chuyen bien tir che dp cdng xa nguyen
thiiy sang xa hdi cd giai cap ciia cac toe ngudi
khac nhau sinh sdng trong khu vuc Thuc te
phat trien thdi ky dd cho thay sir can thiet ciia
dao Hdi trong viec gdp phan thdng nhat cac bd
lac trong ban dao Arab thanh mot nha nude
phong kien than quyen va dao Hdi vdi tu each
mot tdn giao ddc than da ra ddi de thay the
nhirng tdn giao da than tdn tai tir trudc dd
Triet ly dao Hdi dugc gan lien vdi ten tudi
ciia Giao chii Mohammed (570 - 632) la mot
ngudi thupc gia tdc Casimu d Mecca Tuc
truyen rang thanh Allah (Ala - Chan chii) da
cir thien sir Gabrien den truyen dat Than du va
lan dau tien "khai thi'" cho Mohammed chan ly
ciia Kinh Coran khien dng trd thanli "Thanh
thu menh" de tiep thii sir menh ciia Chan chu
trao cho va bat dau cdng cupc truyen ba dao
Hoi Ciing vdi viec md rpng pham vi truyen
dao Mohammed cdn lien minh vdi cac bd toe
va diing sue manh budc cac the luc con lai phai quy thuan theo dao Hdi Cupc each mang
do Mohammed lanh dao la mot cupc each mang tdn giao va cai each xa hdi ket hgp vdi nhau Cac quan diem va triet ly cua dao Hdi cho den nay van cd anh huang rat manh tai khu vuc Trung Ddng va la nen tang ly luan quan trgng giiip chiing ta cd each nhin va danh gia dung muc ve khu vuc nay Cd the tiep can mot sd ndi dung triet ly quan trpng cua dao Hdi bao gdm:
- Da cd nhieu nghien ciru ciia cac bpc gia phuang Tay ve dao Hdi va cac danh chung cho rang giao ly ciia dao Hdi dugc xay dung vdi nhiing nguyen tac tuang doi don gian de hieu
de phii hgp \'di dai bd phan dan chiing Tuy nhien cac luat le va le nghi lien quan lai rat phirc tap \a a chimg mirc nhat dinh dugc cho
la rat nghiem khac nhieu khi vugt ra khoi
pham vi tdn giao va trd thanh mot chudn mice
phap ly cua xd hoi Giao ly ca ban ciia Hdi
giao la Kinh Coran ghi lai cac Idi ndi do thanh Allah thdng qua thien sir Gabrien "khai thi" cho Mohammed Kinh Coran dugc thong ke bao gom 30 quyen 114 chuong va hon 6200 tiet vdi ndi dung vd ciing phong phii de cap tdi nhirng tin ngudng ca ban va che dp tdn giao ciia dao Hdi Dd la nhung ghi chep ve linh hinh xa hdi tren ban dao Arab duang thdi ciing vdi nhimg chinh sach ve chii truang xa hdi, quy pham luan ly dao due
- Tiep can triet ly ciia dao Hdi cho tha>' su khang dinh ve cac ndi dung ca ban coi Allah la dang tdi cao sinh ra trdi dat sinh ra muon loai trong dd cd con ngudi Con ngudi la binh dang trirdc Allah nhirng sd phan va tai nang lao nen sir khac nhau giira nhirng con ngudi Tin dd dao Hdi phai ludn cd thai dp dung: trong cdng ddng (Hdi giao) thi phai kien nhan chiu dung
Tap chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TKUiNG BO.XG so 10 (50) thang 10/2009- 27
Trang 3Bill Nhat Quang Triet ly dao Hoi tai Trung Dong
phuc tiing Allah, ddi vdi ngudi ngoai thi phai
kien quyet bao ve moi lai ich cua dao Hoi va
phai CO tinh than thanh chien
- Quan diem triet ly dao Hdi cung dua ra
mot he thdng cac nghia vu Hoi giao coi dd la
nen tang trong hanh vi va sir phat trien cua xa
hdi Arab vdi 5 nghia vu chu yeu danh cho cac
tin dd la niem, le trai, khoa, trieu Day la 5 try
cot ciia ldn giao dugc giai thich cu the la (1)
Niiim: tin do phai thudng xuyen liing niem
thanh tieng cac tin dieu ca ban; (2) Le: tire la
le bai Cac tin dd mdi ngay hanh le 5 lan (sang
trua, chieu, tdi dem) Thir 6 hang tuan thi lam
le lai thanh dudng 1 lan vao budi trua; (3)
Trai: tire la trai gidi Thang 9 theo lich Hdi la
thang trai gidi ciia Hdi giao Trong thang nay
mpi tin dd khdng an udng, quan he tinli due tir
khi mat trdi mpc den khi mat trdi lan; (4)
Khod: cac tin dd cd nghia vu ddng gdp cho cac
boat ddng tir thien Su ddng gdp dd cd the la tu
nguyen, nhung cung cd khi la bat budc dua
vao tai san ciia tin dd; va (5) Trieu: Cac tin dd
cd nghTa vu hanh huang ve Mecca it nhat 1 lan
trong cupc ddi, de trieu bai Kabah trong thang
12 theo lich Hdi (hanh huang Haji) Cuge le
trieu bai keo dai trong 10 ngay Ngay cuoi
cimg tin dd se hien le la mot con ciru hoac lac
da, hoac mot con vat cd simg Trieu bai Mecca
trong dip nay la chinh trieu Cdn phd trieu thi
dien ra trong thdi gian bat ky ciia nam va it
nghi le ban
Thirc te cho thay dao Hdi hien nay la mot
trong nhirng tdn giao quan trpng nhat d Trung
Ddng va cac quan diem triet ly ciia dao Hdi
ciing mot he thdng cac giao ly cac quy djnh
bat budc da cd anh hudng quan trpng tdi mpi
mat ddi sdng kinh te chinh tri xa hdi cua cac
qudc gia Trung Ddng Trong tiep can nghien
ciiu ve cac van de kinh te cua Trung Ddng, he
thdng ly luan Kinh te hoc hoi giao' ciing dugc
xay dung vdi nhiing luan diem khoa bpc rieng tao ra net dac thii khi nghien ciai ve nen kinh
te ciia cac qudc gia Hdi giao trong khu vuc Trung Ddng Kinh te bpc Hdi giao phan anh cac quan diem chu dao cua triet ly dao Hdi ap diing trong ITnh vuc kinh te va cac nguyen tac kinh te, tai chinh van dang trong qua trinh dugc xay dung va phat trien bdi cac hpc gia dao Hdi Cac diem ndi bat cua triet ly dao Hdi trong ITnh vuc nghien cim kinh te bao gdm:
- Xac dinh phai nghien ciin kinh te Hdi giao vdi tu each la khoa hpc xa hdi ve cac van de kinh te ciia nhung nhdm cu dan ma hanh vi ciia hp gan vdi tu tudng Hdi giao^
- Triet ly Hdi giao gan chat vdi quan diem ciia dao Hdi ve phat trien kinh te vdi uu tien hang dau la phai dam bao phiic Igi va cdng bang kinh te - xa hdi ciia tat ca loai ngudi
(quan diem cd ten ggi \k falah ve phiic Igi va
cdng bang theo triet ly dao Hdi)
- Dao Hdi cd quan tam ddng deu tdi ca khia canh vat chat lan khia canh tinh than ciia cupc sdng con ngudi Dieu nay trai ngugc vdi quan diem nang tinh duy vat ciia the gidi dang thong tri cac hgc thuyet kinh te duong dai Triet ly dao Hdi cho rang sir phat trien ve mat vat chat chua dii de dem lai phiic Igi cho con ngudi \a van can phai cd sir dn boa trong tu tuang va hanh phuc trong ndi tam de cd the phat trien dugc nipt nen kinh te thinh vugng vi Igi ich ciia con ngudi
3 Cach tiep can phu hKyp tip phia Viet Nam
Trung Ddng dang ngay cang trd nen quan trgng ddi vdi Viet Nam Viet Nam quan tam tdi khu vuc na\' vdi tu each mot thi trudng ldn phii hgp vdi cac san pham cua Viet Nam va ciing danh gia rang cac qudc gia Trung Ddng
cd the trd thanh nhung ddi tac phii hgp dang
Trang 4Triet ly dao Hoi tai Trung Dong Bill Nhat Quang
tin cay, cd tiem lire tai chinh ddi dao cd ih^
hgp tac, dau tu vao Viet Nam Mot trong
nhiing hanh ddng cu the va thiet thuc nhat ciia
Viet Nam la viec Thii tudng Chinh phii da ky
quyet dinh phe duyet "De cm thiic day quan he
Viet Nam Trung Dong giai doan 2008
-2015" vao ngay 9/9/2008 Tren thirc te quan
he Viet Nam - Trung Ddng da dugc md ra tren
nhieu ITnh vuc va budc dau dem lai nhieu ket
qua kha quan trong cac ITnh vuc hgp tac kinh
te, thuang mai, dau tu, hgp tac lao dgng
Trong quan he hgp tac vdi Trung
Ddng, dac biet la vdi cac qudc gia Hdi giao
Arab, each tiep can ciia Viet Nam can dugc
Chu thich:
dieu chinh theo hudng nhin nhan dao Hoi hien nay la ton giao ldn va quan trpng nhat trong kliu vuc va triet ly Hdi giao da hinh thanh tir rat lau ddi gdp phan dieu tiet each thirc irng xir ciia ngudi dan vdi anh hudng sau rpng tdi mpi mat ddi sdng kinh te xa hdi chinh tri cua cac qudc gia trong khu vuc na\' Cac quan diem cua Hdi giao ve phat trien \ a nhirng triet
ly lien quan cd the coi la nen tang quan trpng
de Viet Nam cd budc tiep can phii hgp tdi khu vuc Trung Ddng, tim kiem nhung khau dot pha chien luge cd the tao ra budc phat trien cd tinh budc ngoat trong boat dong hgp tac thiet thuc, hieu qua giiia hai ben
' Abraham theo kinh Ciru udc dupe coi la to phu ciia ngiroi Do Thai va ngirdi Arab Cac ton giao co nguon goc tir Abraham cliii yeu bao gom Do Thai giao Co Doc giao va Hoi giao Nhieu danh gia cho rang cac tin do cua nhung ton giao nay chiem tdi hon mot nira so ngudi c6 dao tren the gidi
" Theo nghien ciru ciia Haque, Zial: "Nature and Methodology of Islamic Economics: An Appraisal"
paper presented to the Eighth Annual General Meeting of the Pakistan Society of Development Economists, January 7-10 1992, Islamabad
Mannan, Abdul (1986), "Islamic Economics Theory and Practice", The Islamic Academy
Cambridge i :
" i ; Tai lieu tham khao
1 The Jewish History Resource Centre, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem 2009
2 Haque, Zial: "Nature and Methodology of Islamic Economics: An Appraisal" paper
presented to the Eighth Annual General Meeting of the Pakistan Society of Development Economists January 7-10 1992, Islamabad
3 Mannan, Abdul, "Islamic Economics Theory and Practice", The Islamic Academ\
Cambridge, 1986
4 Thdng tin tir Tir dien bach khoa md Wikipedia
i i nr '
Tap chi nghien ciru CII.AU PHI & TKUXG HO.XG so 10 (50) thang 10/2009- 29