Nhan thiic chuyen djch CCKT la mdt nhu cau tat yeu ciia sir phat trien kinh te, Nha nudc da rat quan tam va da cd nhiing chinh sach, hudng dan cu the de dinh hudng cho ngudi ndng dan[r]
Trang 1TINH DUY LY CUA NONG DAN DONG BANG SONG CUtJ LONG TRONG QUA TRINH CHUYEN DICH CO CAU KINH TE
TRONG NONG NGHIEP
NGO THI PHUONG LAN
Trong nhung nam gan day, cum tir
"dugc miia rdt gia" da "qua quen thudc"
trong ddi sdng thudng ngay cua ngudi ndng
dan nhieu dia phuang, nhat la viing ddng
bang sdng Cim Long (DBSCL) va ca tren
bao chi, the hien su nghich ly, su "be tae"
ciia nen ndng nghiep va cua ngudi ndng dan
Gdp phan ly giai cho hien tugng tren day,
bai viet nay tap trung phan tich hai yeu td:
tfnh duy ly eua ngudi ndng dan trong qua
trinh chuyen djch ca cau kinh te ndng
nghiep va vai trd eua Nha nude trong qua
trinh nay
1 Tinh duy ly ciia nong dan:
nhirng van de ly thuyet
Dua tren quan diem eua kinh te hge
tan cd dien (neoelassic economics) ve ban
chat ciia con ngudi, thuyet su chon lua duy
ly (rational choice) coi hanh vi eiia con
ngudi bao gid cung hudng tdi viec tdi da hda
lgi ich ban than, giam thieu chi phi va quan
tam den xac suat thanh edng cua nhirng hanh
ddng khac nhau Ly thuyet nay ve sau dugc
ap dung va phd bien trong Xa hdi hgc va
Chfnh tri hgc de giai thfeh ve hanh vi ciia
con ngudi qua mdt sd ly thuyet nhu social
choice (lua chgn xa hdi), public choice (lua
chgn chung), game theory (thuyet trd chai)
Tien de quan trgng cua thuyet su chgn lua
duy ly la:
- Nhiing chu the hanh ddng bj chi phdi bdi su tdi da hda lgi fch ca nhan, khdng
bj can trd bdi nhiing yeu td khac va nhiing quy tac xa hdi (Coleman, 1990, tr 503, trich trong: Zey, 2001, tr 12751)
- Cac chii the hanh ddng khdng tinh cam Ididng phi ly, khdng bdc ddng va khdng
cd thdi quen trong chgn lira ma hg ludn hanh ddng mdt each duy ly (Zey, 2001, tr 12751)
Ap dung ly thuyet su lira chgn duy ly nay vao trudng hgp ndng dan Viet Nam,
cdng trinh The Rational Peasant: the Political Economy of Rural Society in Vietnam (1979) cua Samuel Popkin vai each
tilp can "political economy" (kinh te chfnh tri) da xem ndng dan Viet Nam la nhung ngudi ludn sin sang nam bat ca hdi va chap nhan riii ro de tang miic sinh tdn (subsistence), mac dii hp ngheo, ke sdng can vdi miic sinh tdn va ludn "quan tam den sir sinh tdn eua hg" (Popkin, 1979, tr 18-20) Ndng dan la nhiing ca nhan tu lgi (selfinterested) (Popkin, sdd, tr 29),
"thudng sin sang danh cude vao cac cai tien (gamble on innovations) khi vj tri cua hg dugc dam bao khdng bi that bai va khi thanh cdng cd thl cai thien vi trf eiia hg mdt each
cd thl do ludng dugc" (Popkin, sdd tr 21) Nhung ngudi ndng dan thudc tdng ldp thap
Trang 226 Ngd Thi Phuang Lan
tham gia thj trudng vi thi trudng va su can
thiep eiia chfnh quyen trong mdt sd tinh
hudng cd the gia tang phiic lgi cho hg Nhung
ca hdi nay vdn trudc day la dac quyen ciia
cac dia chu ldn (large lords) va nhung ngudi
bao trg (patrons) (Popkin, sdd, tr 33)
Trong quan diem kinh te chfnh trj
cua Popkin, khai niem "tu lgi" dugc md
rdng ban so vdi kinh te hgc tan cd dien khi
cho rang, cae ea nhan khdng ehi don thuan
quan tam den hang hda vat chat hay thu
nhap tien bac (material commodities or
money incomes) Tinh duy ly dd la "eae ea
nhan danh gia cac ket qua cd the theo timg
chgn lira ciia hg dua tren nhiing gia tri va sd
thfeh eua hg", de "tdi da hda lgi fch mong
dgi cua hg", "thinh vugng va an toan cua
ban than va gia dinh" (the welfare and
security of self and family) (Popkin, sdd,
tr 31) Do vay, Popkin eoi nguyen tac an
toan la tren het (safety first) Theo dd, ndng
dan la nhung ngudi tranh riii ro, khdng tdi da
hda lgi ich mong dgi do mdi quan tam chinh
ciia hg la sinh tdn va su an toan can phai
duge bd sung bao gdm "nhung dau tu ngan
han, dai han va mac hiem may riii ciing nhu
nhung dau tu can trgng chdng lai riii ro"
(Popkin, sdd, tr 8) Ld-gic dau tu nay dugc
ap dung trong ca trao ddi thj trudng va phi
thj trudng Trao ddi giua nhiing ngudi ndng
dan dugc dinh hinh va gidi han bang nhiing
mau thuan giua lgi ich nhdm va lgi ich ca
nhan (Popkin, sdd, tr 4) "Tinh toan cua
ndng dan bi thiic day bdi nhiing ddng lire
sinh tdn trong mdt mdi trudng rui ro khdng
phai dan den nhung ca sd nen tang bao dam
sinh tdn va he thdng bao hiem rdng khap
toan lang ma dan den nhiing quy trinh tao ra
va cimg cd bat binh dang trong ndi bd lang" (Popkin, sdd, tr 33) Cac ca che ciia lang Ididng phai giam thieu rui ro, tdi da hda sir
an toan hay bao dam nen tang thu nhap ma
la su canh tranh, tao ra va bao ve khoang each giau ngheo (Popkin, sdd, tr 83)
2 Tinh duy ly va viec chuyen dich
CO cau ldnh te trong nong nghiep ciia nong dan DBSCL
Ndng dan vung DBSCL cd truyen thdng san xuat liia gao theo hudng thj trudng Ngay tir khi md cang Sai Gdn (nam 1860), Ilia gao va hat tieu la hai mat hang xuat khau hang dau ciia Nam Ky; Viet Nam trd thanh nudc xuat khau gao ndi tieng d khu vuc va tren the gidi Thi trudng xuat khau gao giai doan 1860-1945 rat da dang nhu Phap, Chau Au, Chau My, Indonesia, Singapore, Philippines, Trung Hoa, Nhat Ban (Nguyen Phan Quang, 2004)
Hien nay, DBSCL dang chuyen tu
"kinh te thuan ndng sang nen kinh te da dang, ndng nghiep chat lugng cao va dang hudng tdi nen kinh te cdng nghiep va djch vu" (Huynh Phong Tranh, 2008) San xudt ndng nghiep thuang mai gia trj cao ngay cang gia tang ve quy md va cudng do Tuy chi chiem 12%o dien tich tu nhien, nhung hang nam DBSCL cung cdp 50%) san lugng Ilia gao, 90%o lugng gao xuat khau (Tap chi thuang mai, 2007), 80%) san lugng thiiy san,
va 60%) lugng thuy san xuat khau ciia ca nudc (Vietnam Economic News, 2008) DBSCL khdng edn la vung ndng thdn vdi nhiing ndng dan quanh nam ehi biet cdng viec ddng rudng cd huu, ma da cd nhung bien ddi sau sac tren nhieu phuang dien
Trang 3Phuong thuc muu sinh ciia cac cu dan tai
day da thay ddi dang kl; phong trao chuyin
dich ca cdu kinh tl (CCKT) trong ndng
nghiep da trd thanh mdt hien tugng ndi bat
ciia vung
Tuy DBSCL cd dien tich rdng ldn,
tiem nang phat trien ndng nghiep ldn, ndng
dan cd be day kinh nghiem san xuat liia gao
thuang mai, nhung do nhieu dieu kien chi
phdi, thu nhap tir nghe trdng liia van rat
thap; ddi sdng cua nhiing ngudi true tiep lam
ra Ilia gao van chua dugc cai thien ro ret,
nam 2006, ty le ngheo chung cua DBSCL
van diing thii tu trong sau vvmg ciia ca nudc
(Tdng cue thdng ke, 2006)
Nghi quyet cua Chinh phu sd
09/2000/NQ-CP ngay 15/6/2000 vl mdt sd
chu truang va chinh sach ve ehuyen djch
CCKT va tieu thu san pham ndng nghiep da
de ra yeu cau chuyen dich ca cau ndng
'nghiep la phai dam bao nhanh, hieu qua,
phat trien ben viing, dat gia trj cao tren mdt
don vj dien tieh va tang thu nhap cho ndng
dan Biic tranh chuyen djch CCKT d viing
DBSCL trong nhung nam qua dien ra sdi
ddng, nhung chu yeu d ITnh vuc doi tugng
sdn xudt, cdn logi sdn phdm va quy mo sdn
xudt chua cd chuyen bien quan trpng Thue
te d DBSCL eho thay, dii cd cac chu truang
va chfnh sach hd trg ciia nha nudc nhung
ndng dan lai la ngudi quyet dinh lira chpn
ddi tugng chuyen dich, each thiic ap dung
khoa hgc ky thuat tren rudng vudn ciia minh
theo suy nghT rieng cua hp
Neu tinh duy ly dugc hieu la mdt
hanh ddng chgn lira hgp ly theo le ciia hanh
ddng dd bao gid cung dem lai lgi ich cho
ngudi lira chgn thi viee chgn lua cac ylu td ddi tugng (cay, con) ciia ngudi ndng dan trong qua trinh ehuyen dich CCKT tu trdng Ilia truyen thdng sang trdng va nudi cac loai cay con khac ro rang la mdt hanh ddng duy ly, dugc phan anh rat nhieu qua cac hien tugng "phong trao" nhu nudi tdm, trdng nhan, nudi ca ba sa, trdng mia, diia, cam Tuy nhien, ket qua eiia viec chuyin djch CCKT nay lai la diep khiic "trdng -chat", "triing mua rdt gia", khiln ngudi ndng dan lam vao canh be tac Dd lai la mdt nghjch ly
Cd the ly giai nghjch ly ciia ket qua chuyen djch kinh te nay dua vao sir tuong tae giua tinh duy ly va ca che thj trudng Theo dd, khi dung trudc thue trang trdng liia nang suat thap, trdng cac loai cay khdng cd gia trj kinh te cao, thi dii gan bd rat lau ddi vdi viec trdng lua, ngudi ndng dan van quyet djnh chuyen sang trdng cac loai cay, nudi cac loai con cd gia trj kinh te cao Day la bieu hien ro nhat cho tfnh duy ly cua ngudi ndng dan The nhung tinh duy ly nay lai bj ehi phdi bdi quy luat ciia thi trudng, do vay viec tu chuyen dich CCKT hay chuyen djch theo chii truang cua Nha nudc deu xuat phat tir nhu eau mudn lam giau cho ban than va gia dinh Tuy viec lam dd cd ket qua tdt,
"tning mua" nhung cai ma ngudi ndng dan nhan dugc lai la "rdt gia", khdng dem lai ngudn lgi cho hg Ket qua cua hanh vi duy ly
d miic do tap the trong chuyen dich kinh te ndng nghiep la lam cho cung vugt cau, ngudi ndng dan bi thiet hai va hg lai tiep tuc tim kilm mdt ddi tugng khae de chuyen ddi, tao thanh sir chuyin dieh CCKT tu phat va manh miin (Dam Anh Nguyet, 2002)
Trang 428 Ngd Thi Phuang Lan
3 Vai tro cua Nha nuoc trong qua
trinh chuyen djch CCKT nong nghiep ff
DBSCL
Nhan thiic chuyen djch CCKT la mdt
nhu cau tat yeu ciia sir phat trien kinh te,
Nha nudc da rat quan tam va da cd nhiing
chinh sach, hudng dan cu the de dinh hudng
cho ngudi ndng dan trong qua trinh chuyen
dich dd
Trong lich sir phat trien kinh te Viet
Nam duong dai, cdng cudc Ddi mdi da timg
budc dua Viet Nam thoat khdi tinh trang
khiing hoang de hdi nhap vdi nen kinh te thl
gidi Budc di dau tien ciia qua trinh Ddi mdi
tap trung vao viec pha gia tien te, tu do hda
dau tu nudc ngoai, cai each ngan hang, xiie
tien du ljch, pha va su ddc quyen cua cac
hgp tac xa ndng nghiep, tiep tuc tham canh
cay liia de bao dam an ninh luong thuc
Budc thii hai tap trung vac sir tu do hda
chinh sach thuang mai, khuyen khich dau tu
nude ngoai, khuyen khich tang trudng dua
tren xuat khau Luat thuang mai nam 1999
cho phep tat ca cac thanh phan kinh te tham
gia xuat khau (Mai Trpng Thdng va cae tac
gia, 2006, tr 6)
Vdi chinh sach tu do hda thuang
mai, Viet Nam ngay cang md rdng ciia xuat
khau de thu ngoai te, thiic day tang trudng
kinh te Ket qua eiia nhiing nd lire tham gia
vao cac td chiic thuang mai qudc te nhu
AFTA va APEC nam 1995 va WTO nam
2007 la thi trudng xuat khau ciia Viet Nam
ngay cang dugc phat trien, trong dd thiiy san
ddng vai trd ndi bat do nhu cau cao ciia thi
trudng the gidi Hiep dinh thuang mai Viet
-My duge thdng qua nam 2000 gdp phdn
quan trgng trong viec md rdng thj trudng thiiy san Viet Nam, tang dien tich va nang suat san xuat tdm thuang mai (Mai Trpng Thdng va cac tac gia, sdd, tr 6)
Luat dat dai nam 1988 va Nghj quyet 10 cua Bd Chinh tri quy djnh ndng dan dugc quyen su dung rudng dat tu 10 den 15 nam Luat dat dai nam 1993 tang thdi han sir dung len 20 nam va cho phep chuyen nhupng, cho thue khi cd dii dieu kien Chi thj sd 10/CP-TTg nam 1998 khang djnh ndng dan dugc quyen sii dung dat, dugc phep dau tu tren dat dugc giao va ididng phai ban cac san pham ndng nghiep theo quy che khoan san pham (Mai Trpng Thdng va cac tae gia, sdd, tr 7)
Cac chinh sach cdng nhan quyen su dung dat lau dai ciing vai tu tudng tu hiru, xem dat dai nhu hang hda cua ndng dan da khien cho qua trinh phan hda dat dai diln ra manh me Thuc trang nay din den sir chenh lech cao ve sd hiiu ddt dai d DBSCL Hien nay, mac dii cd chinh sach han dien nhung qua trinh tap trung - chuyen nhugng rudng ddt tu phat trong ndng dan DBSCL vdn dang diln ra sdi dgng, chang ban, d huyen Thoai San (tinh An Giang - tinh san xuat Ilia quan trgng cua DBSCL), 10%) hd ndng dan sd huu tir 30 den 40 ha ddt ndng nghiep (Bao Phap luat online) Theo dieu tra ciia Trung tam Khoa hgc xa hdi va Nhan van qudc gia tren 64 tinh thanh nam 2004 cho thay, DBSCL ludn chiem ty le cao ve mua ban dat va the chap dat vay vdn so vdi cac viing khae cua ca nudc (Vii Tuan Anh va Nguyen Xuan Mai, 2007, tr 53-59) Sd hp
cd quy md vugt han dien ngay cang gia tang Nguyen Dinh Huang (1999) cho biet
Trang 5niu nam 1994 sd hd co quy md tu 3 din 5
ha chiem 3,63%) va sd hd cd quy md tren 5
ha chiem 0,73%), thi din nam 1998 sd hd cd
quy md 3-5 ha chiem 30,32%) va tren 5 ha
chilm 12,65%) (sdd, tr 123)
Ciing vdi cdng nhan quyen su dung
rudng dat eua ndng dan von la ngudn ddng
luc ldn thiic day gia tang san xuat, Nghj
quylt 03/2000/NQ-CP v l kinh tl trang trai
da tao dieu kien cho san xuat ndng nghiep
Viet Nam ndi chung va DBSCL ndi rieng
phat trien vdi quy md ldn, thoat khdi tinh
trang manh miin Chang ban, theo sd lieu
cudc Tdng dieu tra ndng, lam nghiep va thiiy
san nam 2006, trang trai nudi tdm cua
DBSCL chiem 8 1 % tdng sd trang trai nudi
tdm cua ca nudc va chiem 41%o tdng sd trang
trai cua vimg Dac diem cua kinh te trang
trai viing DBSCL la cd quy md nho, bdi
dugc hinh thanh va phat trien tren phuang
thuc kinh te hd ket hgp vai thue mudn nhan
cdng thudng xuyen va thdi vu, chua gan san
xuat vdi che bien va tieu thu san pham
(Tdng cue thdng ke, 2006)
Cimg vdi chinh sach ve dat dai, cac
chii truong va chinh sach ve chuyen djch
CCKT va tieu thu san pham ndng nghiep la
ddng lire thiic day manh me qua trinh
chuyen djch CCKT ndng nghiep eiia ca nudc
ndi chung Chang han, ddi vdi khu vuc
DBSCL va nghe nudi trdng thuy san thi
Quylt djnh 224/1999/TTg ngay 8/12/1999
ve chuang trinh phat trien nudi trdng thiiy
san giai doan 1999-2010, Nghj quyet cua
Chinh phu sd 09/2000/NQ-CP ngay
15/6/2000 khuyen khich ehuyen dich ca cau
ndnr ighiep, eho phep chuyen ddi dat trdng
Ilia nang suat thap sang nudi trdng thiiy san, Quylt djnh 173/2001/QD-TTg ngay 6/11/2001 khuyen khich phat triln nudi trdng thiiy san a DBSCL la nhiing ca sd phap ly tao dieu kien cho su phat trien nghl nudi trdng thiiy san tai viing dat nay
Von cd vai trd dac biet quan trpng ddi vai ndng dan trong chuyen djch CCKT Nghien cuu eiia Le Thi Van Hue va Scott (2003) cho thay, chinh vdn chii khdng phai dat dai la yeu td quan trpng trong viec chuyen sang nudi tdm cua ndng dan Binh Dinh Cdng trinh cua Donoghue va Vo Hong Phuc ciing eho thay tinh hinh tuong tu a DBSCL trong qua khii Cac tac gia cho la hd ngheo khdng cd vdn de ap dung cac cai tien khoa hpc trong canh tac, dii la hp biet nhiing cai tien dd se gia tang thu nhap (Donoghue
va Vo Hong Phuc, 1961, tr 55)
Ngudi ndng dan khi chuyen djch CCKT rat can vdn de cai tao rudng vudn cho phu hgp vai ddi tugng chuyen dich, chang ban nhu vai viec chuyen tu trdng lua sang nudi tdm Trong nghe trdng liia, von dau tu cho san xuat khdng ldn, ngudi ndng dan cd the tu bao dam ngudn gidng Song khi chuyen sang nudi tdm khdng theo ldi quang canh truyen thdng, ngoai viec phai cai tao ao vudng cho phii hgp vdi dieu kien sdng cua eon tdm vdn rat nhay cam vai yeu td mdi trudng thi ngudn con gidng, thudc va thiic an cho tdm phai hoan toan phu thudc vao thi trudng Chi phi san xuat nudi tdm theo hinh thiic quang canh truyen thdng udc tfnh
la 7 trieu ddng/ha, d hinh thiie quang canh cai tiln tir 7 den 23 trieu ddng/ha, va d hinh thirc ban tham canh tu 100 den 250 trieu
Trang 630 Ngd Thi Phuang Lan
ddng/ha (EJF, 2003; Vien Kinh te va Quy
hoach Thuy san, 2001) Day la mdt khoan
dau tu dang ke ddi vdi ndng dan viing
DBSCL d giai doan dau cua qua trinh
chuyen djch
De giai quyet van de vdn trong qua
trinh chuyen djch CCKT, ngudi ndng dan
lira chgn viee vay ngan hang la mdt hien
tugng phd bien Tiiy theo dieu kien san xuat
ed the vay vdn san xuat vdi lai suat uu dai
Ddi vdi viec nudi tdm, ngudi dan thudng
dugc vay cua cac ngan hang nha nudc (TMgan
hang Ndng nghiep va Phat trien ndng thdn,
Ngan hang Cdng thuang) vdi lai suat uu dai
tren dudi 1% va theo chfnh sach vay xoay
vong (cd the vay tiep khi da tra khoan vay
cii) Tai san the chap da phan la giay chiing
nhan quyen sir dung dat dai Chiing tdi chua
thay cd trudng hgp ngudi dan nao d cac tinh
Sde Trang, Ca Mau, Tra Vinh, Ben Tre,
Long An nudi tdm thua Id bj ngan hang phat
mai tai san Lai suat vay uu dai eua ngan
hang la nguyen nhan chfnh lam giam hien
tugng cho vay nang lai trong cdng ddng
ndng dan Cac ngan' hang deu phdi hgp chat
che vdi chfnh quyen dja phuang trong viec
lap ke hoach cho vay, quan ly va thu hdi
khoan vay Do tinh riii ro cao ciia nghe nudi
tdm nen rat nhieu trudng hgp, ngudi ndng
dan khdng tra dugc khoan ng vay ngan hang,
ngoai viec hg cd the vay ndng de dao han
vay tiep thi ngan hang ciing cd chfnh sach
khoanh ng, gian ng (ididng phai tra lai khoan
ng gdc va dugc tang thdi gian cho ng)
Trong qua trinh chuyen dich, Nha
nude cd vai trd rat ldn trong viec hudng dan,
chuyen giao khoa hge ky thuat san xuat cho
ngudi ndng dan, dae biet khi hg chuyen sang san xuat mdt ddi tugng hoan toan mdi Cac trung tam khuyen ndng, khuyen ngu la kenh thdng tin quan trgng trong viec dua kien thiic khoa hgc vao san xuat thuc tien, gdp phan nang cao nang suat va hieu qua san xuat cho ndng dan Cac trung tam khuyen ndng djnh ky td chiic cac ldp tap huan ve nudi trdng, phdng ngira va trj benh eho cac loai vat nudi, cay trdng, la nai cung cap ngudn gidng, cac loai thudc, kiem scat dich benh va chat lugng ngudn gidng
Ngoai nhung chinh sach cu the trong san xuat, Nha nudc cdn de ra djnh hudng phat trien ben vung cho ndng nghiep qua
md hinh lien ket bdn nha trong san xuat: nha nude, nha doanh nghiep, nha idioa hpc
va nha ndng Trong dd, Nha nudc gift vai trd dieu tiet eae mdi quan he Mdi lien ket bdn nha nay la md hinh rat hieu qua neu thuc su hoat ddng diing nhu chiic nang dugc dinh, song thuc te thuc hien lai bdc lp nhieu bat cap
Thuc trang san xuat theo hgp ddng nhu la mdt md hinh lien ket hieu qua trong nhieu nam qua ciing nay sinh nhieu van de khi thuc hien Tuy da cd nhirng md hinh lien ket hieu qua nhu hgp ddng bao tieu san pham ciia doanh nghiep de ngudi ndng dan yen tam san xuat va ehuyen djch CCKT, nhung ddi liie mdi quan he nay ciing gap khdng ft trd ngai do dieu kien san xuat nhd
le cua ndng dan va su bat dn djnh cua thi trudng tieu thu (thuang lai nhd van ddng vai trd quan trgng trong viec thu gom hang ndng san, la cau ndi true tiep giua ngudi ndng dan vdi thi trudng tieu thu)
Trang 7Mdt biie tranh khac minh hpa ro net
cho vai trd cua Nha nuac, cu thl la cua cac
cap chinh quyen dja phuang trong qua trinh
chuyen dich CCKT ndng nghiep la quy
hoach san xuat Trong phong trao nudi tdm d
DBSCL nhung nam gan day, truac gia tri
cao cua con tdm so vdi cay liia, ndng dan
nhieu nai da d at chuyen sang nudi tdm sii
Ket qua thu dugc trong nhung vu nudi trdng
dau rat cao da khien cho ngay cang nhieu
ndng dan a ven bien da bien ddng rudng
thanh nhung vudng tdm Tuy nhien, ket qua
cua tinh hinh nay d nhieu dia phuang, la md
hinh trdng liia tren dat nudi tdm dang bj pha
san Ilia chet hang loat, tdm kem phat trien
Ngudi ndng dan khdng biet phai chuyen ddi
CCKT nhu the nao cho phu hgp Chfnh
quyen dia phuang biet nguyen nhan do dat
nhiem man bdi nudi tdm nhung tim each
khac phuc thi thieu kinh phi va chua cd quy
hoach ddng bd
Su phat trien nudi trdng thuy san ndi
len lgi the cua md hinh nay ddi vdi kinh te
gia dinh, lam chuyen bien nhan thiic trong
phat trien kinh te va chuyen dich ea eau cay
trdng d mdt viing ma cay liia nudc dugc coi
la the manh Tuy nhien, cimg vdi su tang
dien tich nudi tdm la mdi lo ngai ve thiiy lgi
khong ddng bd, ngudn nuac khdng dn dinh,
d nhiem, anh hudng tdi nang suat, hieu qua
nudi trdng thiiy san va anh hudng nghiem
trpng den viing lan can dang trdng liia
Nguy hai han, nudi tdm lau ngay lam dat
nhiem rAan, nhiem phen trd lai khdng the
trdng Ilia va cae loai hoa mau khac duge"
(Nguyin Ba Hien, 2006)
Nhiing minh hga tren phan anh rat ro
vai trd quan trgng cua Nha nudc trong su
thanh - bai cua viec chuyen djch CCKT
ndng nghiep d DBSCL Tren thuc te Nha
nudc da cd rat nhieu chinh sach de khuyin khich phat trien nong nghiep Tuy nhien, viec thuc hien nhiing chinh sach nay chua dem lai hieu qua ben vung cho ngudi ndng dan Nha nudc vai vai tro la mdt nhae trudng can dieu tiet cac mdi quan he nay mdt each ddng bd de cd the van dung dugc het kha nang ciia mgi ngudn luc trong viec dua ndng nghiep Viet Nam ndi chung va cua DBSCL ndi rieng di len mdt trinh do phat trien cao ban va chuyen nghiep hon
Tdm lai, biic tranh chuyen djch ca cau kinh te d DBSCL trong thai gian vira qua vdi cac diep khiic "trdng - chat", "tning mua - rdt gia", cd the hieu dugc qua phan tich su tuang tac giua tinh duy ly kinh te cua ngudi ndng dan viing dat nay trong ca che thi truong va chinh sach nong nghiep cua Nha nudc Qua dd, cang nhan thay vai tro cap thiet cua cap quan ly vT md trong viec dieu tiet va van dung tinh duy ly nay phat trien diing hudng de dem lai lgi fch dfch thuc cho ngudi ndng dan Ndng dan DBSCL
cd day du ban chat cua ngudi ndng dan thj trudng, nhanh nhay trong viec nam bat nhieu
ca hdi va Nha nuac da cd nhieu chfnh sach
ho trg cho ndng dan The nhung, cau hdi dat
ra d day la: tai sao vung dat tiem nang nay van chua phat trien len thanh mdt vimg phat triln ndng nghiep cd trinh dp chuyen nghiep nhu mdt sd nudc lang gieng? Nguyen nhan chfnh ciia tinh trang dd la tinh bat dn cua mdi trudng san xuat DBSCL ndi rieng va Viet Nam ndi chung Dd la, dieu kien tu nhien, vdn ddu tu, chfnh sach, thi trudng cd anh hudng rat quan trgng den hanh vi kinh te cila ndng dan Nhan dien dugc nhung dieu kien nay cdng vai viec thuc hien tdt cac chinh sach se la mdt giai phap cho viec phat triln ndng nghiep Viet Nam
Trang 832 Ngd Thi Phuang Lan
Tai lieu tham khao
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