+ Ra soat, sira ddi, bd sung cac van ban pbap luat hien hanh cd lien quan trong ITnh vuc tu phap hinh su, dac biet la cac quy dinh ciia Bd luat hinh sir, Bd Iuat td tung hinh su, nham [r]
Trang 1TIEU CHI DANH GIA MtTC DQ VA NHU CAU HOAN THIEN
PHAP LUAT BAO VE QUYEN CON NGUdl 6 VIET NAM
T U O N G DUY KIEN*
A
1 Khai quat thyc trang va muc do hoan thien phap luat ve bao ve quyen con nguoi tu nam 2005 den nay
Do dac diem cua quyen con ngud'i cd ndi dung rdng ldn, lien quan hau bet cac ITnh vuc cua ddi sdng xa hdi, vi vay, cac van ban luat, phap lenh do Qudc hdi, Uy ban Thudng vu Qudc hdi ban hanh deu cd ndi dung lien quan true tiep hoac gian tiep den bao ve quyen va cac tu do dan chii ciia cdng dan Cd the khai quat nhiing van ban cd lien quan true tiep tai quyen con ngud'i, tren mdt sd ITnh vuc sau day:
- Cdc vdn bdn phdp lugt bao ddm cdc quyen dan sir, chinh tri
Cd khoang 15 van ban luat, phap lenh da dugc ban hanh tir nam 2005 den nay, tap trung vao dieu chinh cac quan he nay sinh trong ddi sdng xa hdi cd lien quan tai bao ve cac quyen con ngudi tren ITnh vuc dan su, chinh tri Cac van ban phai ke den dd la: Luat sira ddi, bd sung mdt sd dieu ciia Luat khieu nai td cao (2005); Bd luat dan sir nam 2005; Luat Phdng, chdng tham nhiing nam 2005; Luat Luat su nam 2006; Luat Trg giiip phap ly nam 2006; Luat Cu trii 2006; Phap lenh Thuc hien dan chii d' xa, phudng, thi tran (2007); Phap lenh thi hanh an phat tu nam 1993 (siia ddi nam 2007); Luat Hiln, lay, ghep md, bd phan ca the ngud'i va hien, lay xac nam 2007; Luat Dac xa nam 2007; Luat Qudc tich nam 2008; Luat can bd cdng chiic 2008; Luat thi hanh an dan su (2009); Luat Sira ddi, bd sung mdt sd dieu cua Bd luat Hinh sir, ngay 29/06/2009; Luat vl trach nhiem bdi thudng cua Nha nuac nam 2009
- Cdc vdn bdn phdp lugt bao ddm cdc quyen ve kinh te, xa hgi vd vdn hoa
Cd khoang 08 van ban luat da dugc Qudc hgi ban hanh, lien quan tdd viec bao dam quyen kinh te, xa hdi va vaa boa, bao gdm: Luat Giao due nam 2005; Luat sira ddi, bo sung mdt sd dieu cua Bd Iuat Lao ddng (2006); Luat Nha a nam 2006; Luat Ngudi lao ddng Viet Nam di lam viec a nuac ngoai theo hgp ddng nam 2006; Luat Bao hiem xa hdi nam 2006; Luat Day nghe nam 2006; Luat bao hilm y t l nam 2008; Luat sira dii,
bd sung mdt sd dieu cua Luat Di san van hoa nam 2009
- Cdc vdn bdn phdp luat bdo ddm quyen ciia cdc nhom xd hot di bi ton thieang
Bao dam quyen cua cac nhdm xa hdi dl hi ton thuong, tir nam 2005 den nay QuIc hdi da thdng qua dugc hai dao luat rdt quan trgng, tao ca sd' phap ly cho viec bao ve quyen binh dang cua phu nil tren cac ITnh vuc ciia ddd sdng xa hdi; va bao dam ngan ngira, trimg tri cac hanh vi bao lire ching lai phu nil Dd la Luat Binh dang giai nam
2006 va Luat Phdng, Chong bao luc gia dinh nam 2007
TS.; Hpc vien Hanh chinh - chinh trj qu6c gia H6 Chi Minh
q g Nghien ciiu Con ngudi so 3 (48) 2010
Trang 2Ben canh hai dao luat nay, Qudc hdi ciing da thdng qua Luat Phdng chdng nhilm
vimt gay ra hdi chiing suy giam mien dich mic pbai d' ngud'i (HlV/AlDS) nam 2006
Dieu dang chii y la da cd each tilp can mai trong xay dung luat, dd la hudng tilp can
dua tren ca sa quyln trong phdng ching HIV/AIDS, bao dam quyen ciia nguai cd HIV,
chdng eac hanh vi phan biet dii xir va su ky thi cua cdng ddng xa hdi
2 Mot so tieu chi va phuong phap danh gia muc do hoan thien phap luat ve bao
ve quyen con nguoi, quyen t u do dan chu ciia cong dan
2.1 Tieu chi ddnh gid ve muc do hodn thien phdp lugt
Tieu chi danh gia mirc do hoan thien phap luat la mdt van de khd Danh gia miic do
hoan thien phap luat ve bao ve quyen con ngudd lai cang khd dua ra, vi quyen con ngudd
cd ngi dung rpng ldn, bao triim va trai rdng tren hau khap cac ITnh vuc cua dd'i sdng xa
hdi Tuy vay, xet ve mat ly thuyet ciing nhu thuc tien, danh gia bat ky mdt van de gi
ciing phai dua tren nhirng tieu chi nhat dinh Do vay, de xem xet lieu cac van ban phap
luat do CO quan nha nuac cd tham quyen ban hanh tir nam 2005 den nay cd dap ung yeu
cau, nhiem vu dat ra hay khdng, can dua tren mdt sd tieu chi chung (ap dung cho danh
gia he thdng phap luat ndi chung) va tieu chf rieng (dac thii cho danh gia pbap luat ve
quyen con ngud'i) nhu:
- Tieu chi ddnh gid chung: Dd la tfnh toan dien va day dii ciia cac van ban phap luat;
Tfnh ddng bd va tfnh thdng nhat ciia cac van ban phap luat ve quyen con ngudd vdi toan
bd he thdng phap luat; tinh minh bach va de tiep can; tfnh phii hgp vdd thuc tien (tfnh
kha thi)
- Tieu chi ddnh gid rieng: Tinh tuong thich giiia cac van ban phap Iuat ve quyen con
ngudi dugc ban hanh vai cac van ban phap Iuat qudc te ve quyen con ngudfi Tieu chi
nay, xem xet ndi dung, cac quy dinh cua phap Iuat qudc gia cd phii hgp vai cac cdng
uac qudc te ve quyen con nguai ma Viet Nam da tham gia hay khdng
2.2 Ve phuong phdp ddnh gid
- Trudc het, can dua vao chinh Nghi quyet de danh gia nhu mdt can cii quan trpng
nhat Vi Nghi quyet sd 48 ciia Bd Chinh tri ve Chien Iugc xay dimg va hoan thien he
phap phap luat den nam 2010, dinh hudng den nam 2020 mai dugc ban hanh trong vdng
4 nam tra lai nen can xem cac dinh hudng, giai phap neu trong Nghi quyet da dugc thuc
hien den dau, cdn nhiing vudng mac gi va cai gi chua Iam dugc; nguyen nhan tai sao,
hudng khac phuc trong tbdfi gian tai la gi
- Sir dung cac phuang phap xa hdi hgc de danh gia Dd la sir dung phuang phap danh
gia dinh tfnh va phuong phap danh gia dinh lugng; ciing nhu sir dung phuang phap
chuyen gia va tham van cdng ddng
+ Phuong phdp ddnh gid dinh tinh, xem xet chat lupng cac dao luat dugc ban hanh
tren timg ITnh vuc cd dap img dugc vai ddi hd' '^va xa hgi, ciia nhan dan hay khdng
Chang ban, cac dao luat ve bao dam cac quyen tu do dan chii thi nhu the nao? Cac bien
phap, ca che, chinh sach bao dam quyen tu do dan chii cua cdng dan dugc quy dinh
trong cac dao luat cd phii hgp vai cac tieu chuan qudc te, cd mang Iai hieu qua kinh te,
xa hdi gi hay khdng Miic dp cdd mdf ciia cac quy dinh; niem tin ciia nhan dan ddi vdd
cac chinh sach, phap luat ciia nha nudfc trong viec bao dam cac quyen tu do dan chu nhu
the nao Hay cac dao luat bao dam quyen con ngudd tren ITnh vuc quan ly tu phap, nhu
Nghien ciiU Con ngudi s63 (48) 2010 nij
Trang 3Hodng Bd Thinh
quy dinh ve bit, tam giii, tam giam; ve xet xu cdng bing, v l bao ve quyln cua nhiing ngud'i bi tuac tu do, ve che dp giam giii cai tao, vl vai trd cua luat su Cac quy dinh dugc ban hanh cd phu hgp vai tieu chuan qudc te hay khdng; cac quyln ciia hi can, hi cao trong cac giai doan cua qua trinh td tung dugc tdn trpng din dau, vai trd cua luat su trong cac vu an.?
-I- Phuong phap danh gia dinh lupng, can cii vao sd lugng cac dao luat, xem cac dao luat dugc ban hanh da day du chua, cdn nhiing quan he xa hdi nao, Iuat chua dilu chinh Danh gia phap Iuat bao ve quyen eon ngudd trong quan ly tu phap, cd thl xem xet dua tren phuang phap thdng ke tdi pham, vu an dieu tra va vu an dua ra xet xir; cd thl thing
ke sd lupng an oan, sai tren tdng sd cac vu an, xem lieu cd giam hon so vai tmac khi cd Ngbi quyet 48 hay khdng ?
+ Phuong phdp tham vdn cdng ddng, xem miie dp hai Idng cua quan chiing nhan dan
ndi chung Phuong phap nay can chpn mau, xac dinh cac nhdm ddi tugng phu hgp dl hdi y kien
+ Phuong phdp chuyen gia, can hdi y kien ddi ngii chuyen gia, nhiing nha khoa hgc,
nha boat ddng thuc tien cd am hieu de tham van ve timg ITnh vuc mgt
- Sir dung bien phap so sanh, ddi chieu So sanh cac van ban phap Iuat qudc gia da dugc ban hanh vai cac van ban phap luat qudc te, va tham chi so sanh ca vai mgt sd nudc trong khu vuc
3 Mot so nhan xet ve muc do hoan thien he thong phap luat bao dam quyen con nguoi, quyen tu do dan chii cua cong dan tu nam 2005 den nay
Xay dimg va hoan thien phap Iuat bao dam quyen con ngud'i, cac quyen va tu do dan chu ciia cdng dan tir nam 2005 den nay, neu so sanh vai giai doan truac dd, cac van ban Iuat do Qudc hgi, Uy ban thudng vu Qudc hdi ban hanh la su phat trien vugt bac tinh ca
ve sd lupng, ciing nhu chat lupng va tinh kha thi ciia timg van ban Quyen con ngud'i va cac tu do CO ban dugc quy dinh trong Hien phap da dugc cu the chi tiet ban trong cac van ban Iuat, phap lenh do Qudc hdi, Uy ban thudng vu Qudc hgi ban hanh Buae dau tao lap hanh lang phap ly quan trpng cho viec bao ve, thiic day va phat trien quyen con ngud'i, dap iing yeu cau xay dung Nha nuac phap quyen va hdi nhap qudc te ,
- Neu xet ve mat sd lugng vdn bdn, tir nam 2005 den nay (thang 10/2009), chi sau 4
nam, Qudc hdi da thdng qua gan 100 van ban Iuat, trong dd cd khoang 25 van ban luat
cd lien quan true tiep den viec bao dam quyen con ngud'i, quyen tu do, dan chii cua cdng dan; Uy ban Thudng vu Qudc hdi thdng qua 25 Phap lenh, trong dd cd khoang 9 van ban cd lien quan den bao dam quyen con ngud'i
- Ve mat ndi dung cua vdn bdn Cac van ban dugc ban hanh dieu chinh cac quan he
xa hdi tuong ddi phong phu, trai rdng nhieu ITnh vuc khac nhau, tir bao dam cac quyen
ve dan sir, chinh tri, quyen kinh te, xa hdi va van hda den quyen cua cae nhdm xa hdi dac biet de bi tdn thuong nhu phu nil, ngudd nhilm HIV/AIDS
Ndi dung cac chi dinh phap luat dugc xay dung bam sat hon vai dieu kien chinh tri,
xa hdi va nin kinh tl dang trong qua trinh phat triln va phu hgp vai xu the hdi nhap Nhilu quyln va nghTa vu cua cdng dan trong hiln phap da dugc cu the hda trong nhilu van ban luat
- Nlu nhin va so sanh vl sd lugng van ban luat va phap lenh dugc ban hanh thi tir
3 8 Nghien ciiu Con ngudi so 3 (48) 2010
Trang 4nam 2005 din nay, da giam dang kl cac phap lenh, dac biet la cac phap lenh dieu chinh
quan he xa hdi cd lien quan tai boat ddng ciia cdng dan
Tuy vay, ben canh nhiing thanh tuu ke tren, cac van ban phap Iuat dugc ban hanh bao
dam quyen con nguai va cac tu do ca ban cua cdng dan tir nam 2005 den nay cdn bgc Id
nhieu ban chi:
- Ve tinh toan dien va dong bo: Chua the hien day dii quan diem cua Dang la uu
tien xay dung cac Iuat ve quyen va nghTa vu cua cdng dan nhu Dai hdi VIII cua Dang da
de ra; va dac biet la tfnh dinh hudng neu trong Nghi quylt 48 cua Bd Chinh tri Nhilu
van ban phap Iuat bao ve cac quyen tu do dan chu vl chinh tri da dugc ban hanh tir kha
lau, hau nhu khdng cdn phii hpp nhung den nay van chua dugc sira ddi, bd sung hoac cd
nhirng ITnh vuc mai phat sinh nhung van thieu vang eac quy dinh cu the ciia phap Iuat
dieu chinh Dd la Luat ve hdi, Luat Bieu tinh, Luat dinh cdng
+ Chua xay dung dugc cac van ban luat de cu the hoa quyen hien dinh, tao ca sa phap ly
de nhan dan tham gia thuc hien quyen dan chii true tiep Dd la Luat tnmg cau dan y
+ Chua xay dung dugc cac van ban phap Iuat cu the hoa quyen hien dinh cua cdng
dan ve bao ve bf mat dai tu, dil lieu ca nhan
+ Xet ve ky thuat lap phap, cac luat do Qudc hdi ban hanh cd cac che dinh ve quyen
con ngudd, quyen cdng dan van nang ve tinh chat nguyen tac chung, dinh khung, nen
tfnh kha thi trong thuc tien so vai yeu cau dat ra cdn yeu, cham di vao cugc sdng, vi hau
bet ddi hdi phai cd van ban hudng dan ciia ca quan cap dudd
+ Mdt sd ITnh vuc dieu chinh phap Iuat cd lien quan true tiep tdd quyen va nghTa vu
cua cdng dan van dugc dieu chinh bang phap lenh, ma dang Ie ra phai dugc quy dinh
bang luat
Nguyen nhdn: ' ' • ^
Mgt so van ban bao dam quyen tu do dan chii ve chfnh tri mac dii da dugc neu trong
nhilu nghi quyet ciia Dang, cu the la dugc dinh hudng trong Ngbi quyet sd 48 cua Bd
Chfnh tri nhung chua dugc ban hanh, cd nhieu nguyen nhan khac nhau Nhung cd Ie ly
do chinh la cac van ban nay dieu chinh van de thudc ITnh vuc "nhay cam cao" nen cac
CO quan edn de dat Viec xay dung cac van ban phap Iuat dieu chinh quan he xa hdi tren
ITnh vuc tu do dan chu can than trpng va cd them thdd gian, lira chpn buae di phii hgp
4 Nhirng nhom nhu cau Ion nham hoan thien phap luat ve bao ve quyen con
nguoi giai doan 2011 - 2020
Viec tang cudng cac bien phap bao dam thuc hien cd hieu qua quyen eon ngudi,
quyen cdng dan cd y nghTa quan trpng, quyet dinh den ban chat eiia che dp phap quyen
XHCN Vi vay, mdt trong nhiing nhiem vu dat ra la can tiep tuc xay dimg va hoan thien
he thdng phap Iuat, tao ca sb phap ly bao dam quyen, tu do, dan chu cua cdng dan
Trong thd'i gian tai, giai doan 2011 - 2020 can xac dinh cac nhdm nhu cau hoan thien
phap luat bao ve quyen con nguai nhu sau:
- Nhdm thic nhdt, nhu cau hoan thien he thdng phap Iuat ve bao dam quyen va cac tu
' Mac dii tir nam 2004, da giam dang ke cac phap lenh dieu chinh quan he xa hpi va hoat dpng cua cong dan
nhung hien nay van ton tai mot so phap lenh, ma npi dung ciia no dang le phai do luat quy dinh Vi du: Phap
lenh dan s6 nam 2003; Phap lenh tin nguong, ton giao nam 2004, Phap lenh thirc hien dan chu ca so
Nghien ciiu Con ngudi so 3 (48) 2010 3 9
Trang 5Hodng Bd Thinh
do dan chu cua cdng dan tren ITnh vuc dan sir, chinh tri
+ Cung vai viec sira ddi Luat bao chi, Luat xuat ban, khdn truang xay dung cac Iuat
vl bao dam quyen dugc thdng tin cua cdng dan; quyen tu do lap hdi, hgi hgp, bieu tinh, dinh cdng, trung cdu dan y Day la nhdm van de rat quan trgng trong xa hdi dan chu Tat nhien, cac Iuat dilu chinh nhdm van de nay, dugc xep vao ITnh vuc nhay cam Tuy nhien trong bli canh dan chii hoa ddi sdng xa hdi, yeu cau va nguyen tac cua che dp phap quyln XHCN, xu thl hdi nhap qudc te va khu vuc, budc chiing ta phai nghien cim
va ban hanh Iuat va khdng thl ne tranh Vi dd la mdt trong nhung thudc do danh gia ban chdt dan chu va su cai md' cua Nha nuac phap quyen Do vay, can xay dung va ban hanh Luat Tilp can thdng tin, Luat ve Hpi; Luat bieu tinh; Luat dinh cdng; Luat trung cdu dan y Tang cuong bao ve ddi tu ca nhan, can nghien ciiu xay dung Luat bao ve du: lieu ca nhan
+ Sira ddi, bd sung va nang Ien thanh Iuat, ddi vai cac phap lenh chiia dung cac quy pham phap luat vl quyln va tu do ca ban ciia cdng dan Vi vay, xay dung va hoan thien
he thing phap Iuat dam bao quyen con ngudi, can sira ddi va nang Ien thanh Iuat cac phap lenh sau day: Phap lenh dan chii ca so; Phap lenh tdn giao, tin ngudng; Phap lenh Dan sd, Phap lenh thi hanh an phat tii, Phap lenh xir ly vi pham hanh chfnh, Phap lenh ngudi cao tudi
- Nhom thic hai, nhu cau hoan thien van ban phap Iuat bao dam quyen con ngudi
trong quan ly tu phap
+ Ra soat, sira ddi, bd sung cac van ban pbap luat hien hanh cd lien quan trong ITnh vuc tu phap hinh su, dac biet la cac quy dinh ciia Bd luat hinh sir, Bd Iuat td tung hinh
su, nham bao dam tdt bon quyen cua bi can, bi cao, nguai dang bi giam giii, cai tao, phii hgp vdi cac chuan muc qudc te ve quyen con ngud'i trong quan Iy tu phap
Yeu cau sira ddi cac quy dinh phap Iuat ve tu phap hinh su, dat ra trong bdi canh Viet Nam se la thanh vien Cdng uac ciia Lien hgp qudc ve Chdng tra tan, nhuc hinh, ddi xir, trimg phat vd nhan dao boac ha thap nhan pham nam 1985 Vi vay, can thiet he thdng hoa cac van ban phap Iuat cd lien quan, ke ca cac quy dinh ve trai giam, trai tam giii Nghien ciiu xay dimg luat dieu chinh cac van de cd lien quan tdd giam giii, cai tao, khdng de cac van ban duai luat dieu chinh nhu hien nay
+ Xay dung ca che thanh tra, kiem tra, giam sat ddi vai cac nha tam giii, trai tam giam, bao dam quyen ciia ngudi dang bi giam giii', cai tao dugc tdn trpng ve quyen va nhan pham con nguai , ,:f;
+ Nghien cim tiep tuc giam sd lupng cac tdi danh ap dung hinh phat tir hinh trong Bd Iuat hinh su phii hgp vd'i xu the chung ciia cdng dong quoc tl
- Nhdm thic ba, nhu cau hoan thien van ban phap Iuat bao dam quyen con ngud'i cua
nhiing ngud'i yeu the trong xa hdi
+ Nghien ciiu va xay dung van ban Iuat bao dam quyln cua nhdm ngud'i bat ngudn tir cac dan tdc, tdn giao, ngdn ngii thilu sd Cdn ban banh luat ve bao dam quyen cua cac dan tdc thieu sd
+ Nghien cim, ban hanh cac van ban luat bao ve phu nir, tre em, ngud'i cao tudi trong tinh trang khan cap, tham boa thien tai hay chiln tranh
+ Nghien ciiu, xay dung va ban hanh cac van ban phap luat nham ngan ngira va trimg
4 Q Nghien ciiu Con ngudi so 3 (48) 2010
Trang 6tri cd hieu qua cac tdi pham budn ngudd, nhat la phu nil va tre em gai; xay dung phap Iuat ngan ngira viec sir dung ndi tang/co thl con ngudd, sir dimg con ngud'i trong thi nghiem y hoc, khoa hpc khi khdng dugc su ding y ciia ngudd dd
+ Xay dung va hoan thien phap luat xoa bd cac hinh thiic lao ddng cudng hire tre em, cac hinh thiic lao ddng tdi te nhdt, phii hpp vai cac tieu chuan cua Td chiic lao ddng qudc te ve bao ve tre em
+ Nghien ciiu, ban hanh cac van ban phap luat bao ve quyen cua nhirng ngudd chuyen ddi gidd tinh, ludng tfnh, ngud'i ddng tinh Thuc tien cho thay, hien nay nhdm nguai nay chiem ti le dan sd dang ke, hp dang hi cpng ddng ky thi Vi vay, neu khdng
cd phap luat, tao ca sa phap ly de bao ve quyen Ipd cua hp thi tfnh de bi tdn thuang se ngay cang cao Va ciing nhiing ngudfi nay dang sdng chung vai HIV/AIDS chiem ty Ie kha cao
+ Nghien ciiu va tiep tuc sira ddi, hoan thien eac van ban luat ve che dp bao hp Nha nudc ddi vdi cdng dan Viet Nam di lao ddng df nuac ngoai, trong bdi canh Viet Nam se
tham gia Cdng ubc cua Lien hpp qudc ve bao ve quyen cua nhiing ngud'i lao ddng nhap
cu va cac thanh vien gia dinh hp
- Nhdm thic tu, nhu cdu hodn thien vdn bdn phdp lugt bdo ddm che do trach nhiem cua CO quan nhd nu&c, cdn bd cdng chuc trong qud trinh thuc thi cdng vu, nhdm ngdn ngica vd khdc phuc hgu qud ciia hdnh vi vi phgm vd lam dung quyen luc
+ Cimg vdd viec thuc thi Luat trach nhiem bdi thudng cua Nha nuac, Luat can bd cdng chiic, can nghien cim xay dung va hoan thien phap Iuat quy dinh trach nhiem dao diic nghe nghiep, trach nhiem phap ly cua timg nhdm can bd cdng chiic, vien chiic nha nuac theo hudng can bd cdng chiie nha nuac chi dugc Iam nhiing gi phap Iuat quy dinh + De giam thieu su lam quyen cua can bg cdng chirc Nha nuac, can nghien ciiu xay dung CO che giam sat va phan bien xa hdi, cu the la xay dung Luat ve giam sat ciia cdng dan ddi vai ca quan nha nuac, can bd cdng chirc nha nuac; dac biet xac dinh dugc trinh
tu thil tuc, CO che giam sat cua nhan dan j
- Nhdm thic ndm, nhu cau hoan thien vah ban phap luat ve che do trach nhiem dao
dire va trach nhiem phap ly ciia doanh nghiep, cac tap doan, tdng cdng ty nham ngan ngira va khac phuc hau qua cua hanh vi vi pham va Iam dung quyen lire
Nghien cim, xay dung, ban hanh cac van ban phap Iuat quy dinh trach nhiem cua cac doanh nghiep, tap doan, tdng cdng ty ve:
+ Che dp trach nhiem dao diic va phap ly cua giai chu ddi vdd quyen Igi ciia ngud'i lao ddng trong cac doanh nghiep, eac tap doan, nhat la cac tap doan xuyen qudc gia; + Che dp trach nhiem dao diic va phap ly ciia cac doanh nghiep, tap doan, tdng cdng
ty ddi vdi ngud'i tieu dimg ve cac san pham hang hoa hp san xuat;
+ Che dp trach nhiem dao diic va phap ly ciia cac doanh nghiep, tap doan, tdng cdng
ty ddi vd'i he qua xa hdi trong boat ddng san xuat kinh doanh (ve mdi tmdng, sinh thai )
Nghien ciiu Con ngudi so 3 (48) 2010 ^ j