Trong chuyen tham Viet Nam thdng 11/2006 ctia Td'ng thdng Bush, hai ben cung ra Tuyen bd' chung tai khdng dinh cam ket tren, ddng thdi md ra nhQng cd hpi hpp t i c mdi giQa hai nQ[r]
Trang 1THirC TRANG VA TRIEN VONG OUAN HE
TAI CHINH ^ NGAN HANG VA BAO HIEM
VIETNAM HOA KY
I Khai quat quan he kinh te
-tai chinh Viet Nam - Hoa Ky
Quan he kinh te - tdi chinh Viet
Nam - Hoa Ky da trai qua nhQng thdi
khic va sQ kien dac biet ke tQ ngay
29/9/1990, khi Ngoai trQdng My J
Baker va Phd Thii tUdng kiem Bd
trQdng Ngoai giao Nguyen Cd Thach
lin diu tien gap nhau de ban ve quan
he hai nQdc tai New York; den ngay
9/12/1999, Ngan hang N h i nQdc Viet
Nam v i Ngdn hang Xua't Nhap khau
Hoa Ky (EXIMBANK) chinh thQc ky
Hiep dinh Bio lanh khung va Hiep
dinh Khuye'n khi'ch dii an diu tQ
Dac biet, trong chuyen tham chinh
thQc My ciia Thii tudng Phan Van
Khai thang 6/2005, hai ben da ra
Tuyen bd' chung khang dinh mong
mud'n xiy dilng quan he dd'i t i c xay
dQng, hQu nghi, hdp tdc nhieu mat,
dn dinh lau dai giQa hai nUdc Trong
chuyen tham Viet Nam thdng
11/2006 ctia Td'ng thdng Bush, hai
ben cung ra Tuyen bd' chung tai
khdng dinh cam ket tren, ddng thdi
md ra nhQng cd hpi hpp t i c mdi giQa
hai nQdc tren nhieu linh vQc G i n
day nha't la trong chuyen tham chinh
thQc My ciia Chii tich nQdc Nguydn
Minh Triet theo ldi mdi ctia Tdng
thd'ng G Bush (ngay 18 - 23/6/2007),
hai ben thd'ng nhat tang cQdng hdn
nQa quan he nhieu mat tren cd sd sau
rdng, dn dinh vd hieu qua, da ky ket
T S N g u y e n M i n h P h o n g
Vien Nghien ciiu Phdt trien KTXH Hd Noi
Hiep dinh khung ve thUPng mai va
d i u tu (TIFA) va nhieu thda thuan kinh te song phQdng quan trpng
Ke tQ khi Hiep dinh ThQdng mai cd hieu liic den nay, quan he budn ban giQa hai nQdc tang nhanh; kim ngach budn bdn 2 chieu nam 2005 dat 7,8 ty USD, tang gap hdn 5 l i n nam 2001 (1,5 ty USD); nam 2006 dat 9,7 ty USD, trong dd Viet Nam nhap 1,1 ty
va xuat 8,6 ty (Viet Nam ludn xuit sieu ldn sang My) Hien My Id thi trUdng xui't k h i u ldn nha't ctia Viet Nam Kim ngach thQdng mai hai chieu Viet - My nam 2008 dat 15,2 ty USD, gap hdn 10 l i n so vdi nam 2001 Theo dd My da trd thanh dd'i tic thQdng mai so' mpt ciia Viet Nam Viet Nam la mdt trong nhiJng thi trQdng phdt trien nhanh nhat ciia Hoa Ky d khu vUc chau A Ddng thdi, Hoa Ky da trd thanh nQdc thQ hai (sau Trung Qud'c) ve sd iQdng khdch du lich vao Viet Nam DQdng bay thang giQa Hoa
Ky va Viet Nam vQa dQpc nd'i lai sau
30 nam gian doan
D i u tu triic tiep ctia cac cdng ty My vao Viet Nam cung tang len nhanh chdng Theo Cue Dau tQ nQdc ngoii (Bp Ke hoach va D i u tU), tinh den ngiy 22/11/2008, Hoa Ky dQng thQ 11/81 qud'c gia vd vung lanh thd cd dti
an d i u tQ cdn hieu liic tai Viet Nam vdi 421 dil i n , tdng vdh dau tU dang
ky 4,1 ty USD Dac biet, 4 thang diu
Trang 2n a m 2009, t r o n g t d n g vd'n F D I d a n g
ky dat 6,35 ty U S D , vdi tdng cpng 168
du i n d a n g ky mdi vdo Viet N a m , t h i
cac d o a n h n g h i e p My da vQdn len d a n
d i u vdi hdn 3,8 ty U S D H i e n da cd
hdn 1000 d o a n h n g h i e p My, t r o n g dd
nhieu t a p doan ldn ctia My b o a t ddng
tai Viet N a m
Cupc hpp lan thQ hai cap bp trQdng
ctia Hdi ddng TIFA, dtl kien td chQc
vao t h d n g 6/2009 t a i Hd Npi, se cd npi
d u n g chinh la t r a o ddi c i c bien p h i p
thuc ddy viec thiic hien T u y e n bd
c h u n g Viet N a m - Hoa Ky ky t h i n g
6/2008 n h a n c h u y e n t h a m c h i n h thQc
Hoa Ky ciia Thii t u d n g Viet N a m
Nguyen T a n Dung D a y se la nhQng
dieu kien q u a n t r p n g de h a i ben t h u c
day q u a n he hdp tac k i n h te vdi n h a u ,
dac biet t r o n g linh vQc tai chinh
-n g a -n h i -n g va b i o hiem
I I Q u a n h e V i e t N a m - H o a Ky
t r o n g l i n h vQc n g a n h a n g
Theo Hiep dinh ThQdng mai song
phUdng (BTA) da ky, Viet N a m cam
ket md ctia thi trQdng dich vu tai
chinh - n g a n h a n g t h e o Id t r i n h ndi
long dan va tien tdi xoa bd cac b a n
che dd'i vdi hoat dpng ctia c i c n g a n
h i n g My t a i Viet N a m Ld t r i n h n i y
ddng nghia vdi viec xoa bd d i n n h i e u
ldi t h e ciia cac d i n h che t r o n g nUdc
Cu the, ngay s a u khi BTA cd hieu liic
( n g i y 10/12/2001), c i c chi n h d n h n g a n
h a n g Hoa Ky dUdc p h e p t h a n h lap t a i
Viet N a m Giai doan tQ n a m 2001 de'n
2010 hp se dQdc t h i n h lap cac n g a n
h i n g lien d d a n h vdi vd'n Hoa Ky tQ
30-49%, tdi n i m 2010 dQpc t h i n h lap
n g a n h a n g 100% vd'n Hoa Ky C i c
n g a n h i n g My s a u khi t h a n h l i p dQdc
n h a n tien ky giii b i n g npi te va s a u 9
n a m (2010), hp dUdc p h e p n h a n t i e n
ky gtii b i n g npi te nhQ cac n g i n h a n g
Viet N a m ; t r o n g 8 n a m , c i c n g a n
h i n g My dQdc p h e p p h i t h a n h t h e t i n
d u n g ; s a u 5 n a m dQdc p h e p l a p cdng
ty b i o h i e m n h a n t h p v i c i c linh viic
k h d n g b i t budc 100% vdn tQ My NhQ v a y la s a u 9 n i m , c i c n g a n
h i n g My se cd mpt s a n chdi b i n h d a n g vdi cac n g a n h i n g npi dia H i e n n h i e u
n g a n h a n g va c i c td chQc tin d u n g My
d a n g g a p r u t t i m h i e u ve c i c l u i t le
de t h a m n h a p t h i trQdng t i i chinh Viet N a m H i e n mdi chi cd 1 chi
n h i n h va 2 v a n p h d n g dai dien ciia
n g a n h d n g M y t a i Viet N a m Cac
n g a n h a n g n a y c u n g nhQ cac n g a n
h a n g nQdc ngoai d a n g p h i i h o a t dpng vdi nhQng h a n che nha't d i n h so vdi
c i c n g a n h a n g npi dia NhQng t i n h
h i n h n i y se sdm t h a y ddi C i c n g a n
h a n g My d a n g tQng bQdc t h a m gia vao mpi l i n h viic h o a t d o n g n g a n h i n g
t a i Viet N a m T h a n g 10/2007, dng
J o h n J Mack, Chti tich k i e m Td'ng
g i i m dd'e dieu h d n h N g a n h a n g
M o r g a n S t a n l e y da den t h a m va lam viec vdi l a n h dao T a p d o a n D i u k h i Viet N a m n h a m di de'n yiec ky k e t mdt b i n ghi n h d ve k h i n a n g hdp tdc giQa h a i t a p d o i n t r o n g c i c l i n h vQc
m a h a i b e n q u a n t a m nhQ: hdp t i c
d i u t u , t h u xep vd'n, c u n g ci'p c i c dich
v u t i i chi'nh n g a n h i n g , cho cac
h o a t dpng ciia T a p d o a n D i u khi Viet
N a m d t r o n g nQdc c u n g nhQ d i u tQ r a nQdc ngoai, bao gdm c i viec M o r g a n
S t a n l e y sdm x e m xet quye't d i n h d i u
tQ v i o Cdng ty T a i c h i n h D i u k h i (PVFC) vdi tQ each la mpt cd ddng chie'n iQdc k h i P V F C thiic h i e n viec
I P O r a t h i trQdng
Cdng n g h e h i e n dai va t r i n h dp
q u i n ly t i e n tie'n c u n g nhQ n g u d n t i i
c h i n h ddi dao ciia c i c n g a n h i n g My
se l i nhQng Qu t h e cd b i n t a o r a
n h u n g sQc ep c a n h t r a n h , buoc c i c
n g i n h i n g Viet N a m p h i i d a u tQ
t h e m vao ky t h u a t , c i i t i e n phUdng
Trang 3thQc q u a n tri va hien dai hoa he
t h d n g t h a n h toan de n a n g cao n a n g
liic, diic biet Id ddi vdi cac n g a n h a n g
cd nhQng ndi d u n g vd p h a m vi boat
ddng t r u n g vdi linh viic b o a t dpng cd
Uu t h e ctia cdc n g a n h a n g My (nhU
t h a n h toan qud'c te, d i u tQ dQ i n , tai
trd thQdng mai ) v i cac k h i c h h i n g
trpng t a m ctia n g a n h d n g My (cac
doanh nghiep cd vd'n d i u tU nQdc
ngoai, cac d o a n h nghiep n h a nQdc ldn,
cac doanh nghiep x u a t k h i u ldn )
Trong trQdng hdp cac n g a n h a n g My
dQpc phep thtlc hien ca nhQng boat
ddng kinh doanh chQng k h o i n nhQ
quan ly cac quy d i u tQ hoac t h a m gia
vao viec t h a n h t o i n bQ trQ cac t i i s i n
tai chinh, hp cung se cd p h a m vi boat
dpng rdng hdn b a n cac n g a n h d n g Viet
Nam hien nay va se cd nhQng Qu the
rd ret trong viec da d a n g h o i boat
ddng cua minh Ddng thdi, viec q u i n ly
nha nUdc dd'i vdi hoat dpng ctia cdc
ngan h i n g My se phQc t a p hdn hien
nay va ddi hdi p h i i cd sU phdi hdp
q u i n ly cua nhieu cd quan
NgUdc lai, sQc m a n h va Qu t h e hdn
b a n ciia cac n g a n h a n g Viet N a m so
vdi cdc n g a n h a n g My la cd dQdc m a n g
ludi chi n h d n h rdng k h a p , md'i q u a n
he truyen thd'ng vdi khdch h a n g , cd sQ
hieu biet cu t h e cac yeu c i u ctia khdch
hang, k h a n a n g khdch h i n g va nhQng
van de van h o i ma n g a n h i n g My
chUa the cd Ben c a n h dd, do diem yeu
ctia cac ngan h a n g nQdc ngoai l i
khdng cd m a n g ludi rpng, hieu bie't
khaeh h i n g h a n che, sti hdp tac giQa
cac n g a n h i n g Viet N a m va cac ngan
h a n g Hoa ky t r o n g n h i e u trQdng hdp
la yeu c i u ciia chinb c i c n g a n h a n g
My Dieu ndy tao r a cd hdi cho cac
ngdn h a n g Viet N a m tiep can dUdc
d i n vdi c i c h thQc q u a n ly, k i n h doanh
ciia c i c n g a n h i n g qud'c te boat ddng
tai Viet N a m
Dti b i o , do khting h o i n g tdi chi'nh
2009 se cd khoang 150 trong tdng so' hdn 7.000 n g a n h d n g d a n g hoat ddng tren da't My cd t h e hi siip dd trong vdng
tQ 12 den 18 t h d n g tdi Ngodi ra, nhieu ngan hang, td chQc tin dung khac cd the p h i i ddng ctia bdt chi n h i n h ciia minh hoac sap n h a p Trong tQdng lai, nguy cd sup dd ctia c i c ngan bdng quy
md vQa v i nhd d My se r a t cao, dieu nay cd t h e a n h hQdng n h a t dinh den sii
t h a m gia ctia cac ngan h a n g My vao thi trQdng tai chinh Viet N a m
III N h Q n g q u a n h e t r o n g l i n h vQc b a o h i e m
Viec cap giay p h e p boat dpng cho cac cdng ty bao hiem ctia My dQdc thtic hien theo Hiep dinh ThQdng mai song phUdng (BTA), do Chinh phti Viet N a m va My p h e c h u a n Theo BTA, cd hieu liic tQ t h a n g 12/2001,
c i c cdng ty bao hiem ctia My cd t h e
t h a n h lap cdng ty lien d o a n h vdi cac cdng ty Viet N a m tQ t h i n g 12/2004 vd cdng ty 100% vd'n nQdc ngodi tQ t h a n g 12/2006 NhQng t r e n thiic te, Viet
N a m da cap p h e p cho mdt so' cdng ty
b i o hiem My trQdc thdi h a n cam ket trong Hiep dinh thQdng mai tdi g i n 2
n a m B i t d i u tQ n g a y 1/1/2008, theo cam ket WTO, thi trQdng bao hiem cua Viet N a m thUc sti md ctia hodn toan, vdi viec cho p h e p cdng ty b i o hiem cd vd'n d i u tQ nQdc n g o i i dQdc cung cap dich vu b i o hiem b i t budc (bio hiem xe cd ddng cd, xay dting ) Thi trQdng b i o hiem Viet N a m - vdi to'c dp t a n g trQdng t r u n g binh 30%/nam - hien d a n g cd t a t ca 28 doanh n g h i e p thudc mpi t h a n h p h a n kinh te cung t h a m gia hoat ddng kinh doanh t r e n c i 04 linh vile: bao hiem phi n h a n thp, bao hiem n h a n thp, kinh doanh t i i b i o hiem va hoat ddng t r u n g gian b i o hiem, bao gdm 2 doanh nghiep
Trang 4nha nQdc, 11 cdng ty cd phan va 15
doanh nghiep cd vd'n d i u tQ nQdc ngoai,
trong dd cd mpt hang boat dpng tii bio
hiem, 5 bio hiem nhan thp, 5 mdi gidi
bio hiem v i 14 phi nhan thp 12 trong
so' 25 cdng ty dd Id doanh nghiep cd vd'n
nQdc ngoai Tap doan bio hidm nhan
thp hang dau ciia My New York Life
(thanh lap nam 1845, vdi tren 200 ty
USD gia tri tai sin doanh thu hang
nam tren 25 ty USD, hien cd thi trQdng
rdng ldn tai chau My vd chau A) da md
van phdng dai dien tai Hd Npi vao
thang 4/2000 Thang 12/2001, New
York Life chinh thQc giii hd sd xin
thanh lap doanh nghiep bio hiem n h i n
thp vdi 100% vd'n nQdc ngodi len Bd Tdi
chinh Thdng qua van phdng dai dien,
cdng ty nay vQa chd dpi giiy phep vQa
tien hanh tim hieu, bam sat thi trQdng
Viet Nam va sap dat ke hoach de san
sang nhap cupc Ddng thdi, hai cdng ty
bao hiem khac cua My l i American
International Group (AIG) va AON
Inchibrok da dQdc cap gia'y phep boat
dpng tai Viet Nam Mdi day Viet Nam
cung chi'nh thQc cap phep boat dpng
cho Tap doan ACE v i Tap doan Marsh
Inc., t i p doan mdi gidi bao hiem ldn
nhat the gidi, vdi 100% vd'n ciia My, vdi
thdi ban hoat dpng 50 nam
Ngoai cac ten tudi de'n tQ My, chau
Au Id cac tap doan hang d i u ciia
Singapore, Trung Qud'c Trong t h i n g
3 nay la sti ra mat ciia tap doin Great
Eastern (ldn nha't Singapore) va tap
doan Binh An (Trung Qud'c) Cud'i
thang 3/2009 vQa qua, mpt hdi nghi
qud'c te cd quy md nha't tQ trQdc tdi
nay ctia nginh bio hiem Viet Nam da
dupe td chQc tai H i Ndi, vdi sti tham
gia ctia khcing 50 tap doan, cdng ty
bio hiem ndi tieng trong nQdc va tren
the gidi Theo ddnh gii ciia hpi nghi,
thi trUdng bao hiem Viet Nam cd
titdng lai kha quan, diy hQa hen
Thi trQdng bid hiem Viet Nam dang dQdc da dang hda vdi td'e dp cao, sQc ep
md ciia thi trQdng va thich thQc hpi nhap ngdy cing ldn So' iQdng^ cdng ty boat dpng kinh doanh bao hiem ngay cang tang; cac loai hinh sd hQu da dang
d c i bio hiem nhan thp vd phi nhan thp, thudc ci ba linh viic bio hiem con ngQdi, bio hiem tai s i n va bao hiem trdch nhiem dan sti Tren thi trQdng bio hiem da xuat hien nhieu s i n pham mdi v i kha dpc dio tren cd sd ket hdp giQa cic yeu to' tiet kiem - d i u tQ bio
ve, dQdc cdng luan d i n h gid cao nhQ
s i n phdm bao hiem tai nan ca nhan cho ngQdi sti dung the ATM, bao hiem trach nhiem s i n pham cua ngQdi chan nudi v i s i n xuat thQc i n gia cam, bio hiem benh hiem ngheo Tdc dp tang doanh thu phi cua bio hiem Viet Nam
d mQc kha cao so vdi the gidi va khu viic Mpt so'cdng ty bio hiem tuy mdi di vao boat dpng nhQng cung da dat dQdc to'c dp tang trQdng cao nhQ Bio Minh, Prudential, PJICO Muc tieu ciia nganh bio hiem Viet Nam de'n nam
2010 la nang tdng doanh thu phi bao hiem dat 4,2% GDP vd tdng vd'n d i u tQ trd lai nen kinh te dat tdi 90.000 ty ddng Ddng gdp tich ciic den viec dn dinh nen kinh te - xa hdi vd ddi so'ng dan cQ Hang nam cac doanh nghiep bio hiem da giai quye't bdi thQdng va
t r i tien bio hiem hang ngin ty ddng, giup cic doanh nghiep va ngQdi dan dn dinh s i n xua't kinh doanh v i ddi sd'ng, giim bdt g i n h nang cho ngan sich n h i nQdc S i n p h i m bao hiem dQdc da dang hoi vdi hdn 600 s i n pham bio hiem nham phuc vii td't hdn nhu ciu ciia ngQdi ddn De'n nay sd' iQdng lao ddng trong nginh bao hiem la gin 140.000 ngQdi vdi thu nhap dn dinh
Viet Nam cam ket giam can thiep hanh chinh vio boat dpng ctia cic doanh nghiep b i o hiem, thay vao dd
Id cac chinh sach minh bach phu hdp
Trang 5vdi cac c h u d n mQc qud'c te de hQdng
cac n h a d i u tQ nQdc ngoai t h a m gia
vao c i c linh viic n e n k i n h te hdi n h a p
cd n h u c i u Viec gia n h a p t h i trQdng
b i o hiem Viet N a m se do c i c chii d i u
t u can nhac, quye't dinh
Cd t h e ndi, sU p h a t t r i e n m a n h , me
va toan dien cua q u a n he Viet - My
trong mdt t h a p ky qua la mpt t h a n h
cdng d a n g ke cua c i hai nQdc Ve trien
vpng, q u a n he hdp tae kinh te - tai
chinh - n g a n h a n g va b i o hiem ndi
rieng va cac q u a n he song phUdng toan
dien Viet N a m - Hoa Ky ndi chung
chae chan se cd nhQng p h d t trien
m a n h me hdn c i be rdng, lan be sau
Chien t r a n h L a n h c u n g nhQ nhQng
i m anh cua qud khQ da lui xa Viec
p h i t t r i e n q u a n he hdp tac Viet - My
trong linh viic nao, tdi mQc dp n i o va
thdng qua nhQng phUdng thQc nao
p h u thudc h o a n todn v i o "Itia chpn"
chu q u a n ciia hai nUdc v i phai p h u
hpp vdi ldi i'ch qud'c gia cua mdi ben
Xet t r e n gdc dp nay, c i My vd Viet
N a m deu cd day du mpi ly do de liia
chpn thuc ddy hdp tac giQa hai nQdc
m a n h me va t o i n dien hdn nQa
Ne'u nhQ dd'i vdi Viet N a m , q u a n he
vdi My cd y nghia q u a n trpng trong
viec n d n g cao vi t h e ciia minh, cung
n h u tao dieu kien t h u a n ldi cho sti
nghiep p h a t t r i e n k i n h te; t h i dd'i vdi
My viec p h a t t r i e n q u a n he chinh tri
vdi Viet N a m c u n g cd y nghia ngay
cdng q u a n trpng Vdi mot vi t h e khdng
ngQng ldn m a n h t r e n trQdng qud'c te,
Viet N a m xQng d a n g cd mdt vi t r i cao
bdn trong chien iQdc cua My, dac biet
l i P k h u viic C h a u A - T h i i Binh
dUdng, ndi c a n h t r a n h a n h hQdng giQa
c i c cQdng qudc dUdc dti b i o se ngdy
cang gay gat hdn t r o n g tQdng lai
Chinh vi vay q u a n h e td't hdn vdi Viet
N a m se cd ldi cho My t r o n g viec duy
tri i n h hUdng ciia m i n h d k h u viic Ve
kinh te, mdt dieu rd r a n g la q u a n he
k i n h te vdi My, vdi tU each la dd'i tae thQdng m a i ldn nha't va n h a d i u t u
h a n g d i u , cd vai trd q u a n trpng dd'i vdi Viet N a m Tuy nhien, Viet N a m vdi mpt n e n k i n h te n a n g ddng, thi trUdng ldn n h i e u tiem n a n g cung nhieu cd hoi chUa dQpc k h a i pha, cung
e i n dQpc My coi la mdt dd'i tac q u a n trpng ve k i n h te Ngodi r a , viee My
p h i t t r i e n hdn nQa q u a n he k i n h te vdi Viet N a m c u n g se t h u c day qud
t r i n h p h a t t r i e n n e n k i n h te thi trQdng d day Dieu n a y p h u hdp vdi chi'nh sach t h u c day p h a t t r i e n kinh
te thi trQdng va md rdng cdc gia tri ttl
do, d a n chii ctia My t r e n t o a n cau Ve
q u a n sti, hdp tac giQa h a i qud'c gia
t r e n linh vQc n a y v a n cdn tQdng dd'i mdi me va de dat NhQng cung chinh
vi t h e tiem n a n g p h d t t r i e n hdp tac giQa hai ben t r e n linh vQc n a y t r o n g tQdng lai la r a t to ldn T h u c day hdp
t i c q u a n sQ se m a n g lai cho c i hai nQdc nhQng ldi i'ch trQdc m a t cung nhQ lau dai, dac biet Id t r o n g viec dd'i phd vdi nhQng b a t t r a c tiem t a n g ve
an n i n h d k h u viic ma h a i ben cung
q u a n t d m Viec p h a t t r i e n hdp tac
q u a n sQ cung m a n g lai t h e m mpt rUdng cot t r o n g q u a n he h a i nQdc, Idm cho q u a n he h a i nUdc trd nen t o a n dien va vQng chae hdn
Cd t h e tha'y, q u a n he Viet - My
d a n g dQng trQdc nhQng cd hdi mdi de
p h a t t r i e n m a n h me vd t o i n dien hdn nQa Muc tieu m a h a i ben dat r a va can vUdn tdi t r o n g tUdng lai g i n la xay dting q u a n he dd'i t i c m a n g tinh xdy diing hQu nghi, hdp tac n h i e u m a t
t r e n n e n t i n g rdng ldn, dn dinh va hieu q u i giQa h a i nQdc Linh viic t i i chinh n g a n h a n g va b i o h i e m se cd
n h i e u dieu kien de md rpng p h a t trien
va t a n g cQdng hdp tac song phQdng Viet N a m vd Hoa Ky •