Toa in da tao dieu kien, dam bao cho nliung ngudi tham gia to tung thuc hien day dit cic quyen va nghTa vu hop phap ctia hp; luat su va nhung ngudi tham gia to tung dupc trinh bay be[r]
Trang 1TRANH TUNG TAI CAC PHIEN TOA HINH SU^
6 NlS6C TA THOI GIAN QUA
Co the nPi chii truong md rpng va
nang cao chat lugng tranh tiang tai
phien loa (ke tir khi co Nghi quyet so
08-NQ/TW vi Nghi quylt sP 49-08-NQ/TW) dupc
xac dinh la khau dot phi ctia cii cich tu
phap the hien quan diem cua Ding ve xay
diong nen tu phip dpc lap, khich quan, dan
chit, cong khai, minh bach da budc dau tao
dugc su chuyen bien tich cue trong vide tao
khong khi dan ehii tai cic phien toi, nang
cao trich nhiem cua kiem sat vien dai dien
vien kiem sit giii quyen cong to; phit huy
vai tro, trich nhiem vi luang tam nghe
nghiep ciia luat su
Thuc lien trien khai Nghi quyet so
08-NQ/TW va Nghi quylt sP 49-08-NQ/TW cung
da tao dugc nhung chuyen bien tich ci,rc tren
thiac te Theo danh gia ciia Toi in nhan dan
toi cao ihi vide IP chirc cac phien toa hinh su d
toa an cic cap da ttmg budc dim bao dupe su
ton nghiem, dan chu va van minh theo dung
quy dinh cua phap luat Toa in da tao dieu
kien, dam bao cho nliung ngudi tham gia to
tung thuc hien day dit cic quyen va nghTa vu
hop phap ctia hp; luat su va nhung ngudi tham
gia to tung dupc trinh bay bet y kien cua minh;
nhinig cau hPi cua Hpi dong xel xir va cua
kiem sil vien the bien khach quan ban; viec
phan quyet etia toa in can cir chu yeu vio ket
qua tranh tung lai phien toi vi cic chimg cir
CO trong ho so vu an; tinh than trich nliiem
ctia can bp, cong chirc cac nganh tu phip nPi
chung va nginli toa in nhan dan noi rieng
dugc nang len'
ThS, Luat hpc, Vien Khoa hpc phap ly, Bd Tu phap
' Bio cao sd 28/BC-TA ngay 25 thang 12 nam 2003
ciia Toa An nhan dan tdi cao tdng k6t cdng t^c nam
2003 va phuang hudng, nhiem vu nam 2004 ciia
Nguyen Van Hien *
Dpi ngii luat su va vai tro ctia dpi ngti luat su trong tranh lung da co su phat trien ding ghi nhan so vdi trudc thdi diem cd Nghi quylt sP 49-NQ/TW cua Bp Cbinb tri Theo Bio eio so 87/BC-BCS ngay 14 thang
11 nam 2008 cua Bp Tu phip ve Sa kit ba
ndm ihuc hien Nghi quyet sd 49-NQ/TW ngdy 02/6/2005 cua Bp Chinh tri ve Chien luac cdi cdch tu phdp den ndm 2020 (sau
day goi tit li Bao cao so 87/BC-BCS) thi tinh den thing 8/2008, trong ci nudc da thinh lap 61 doin luat su/63 tinb, thinh phd true thuoc trung uang vdi gan 1500 to chirc binh nghe luat su, 60 trung tam tu van phip luat d 30 tinh, thinh pho true thupc Irung uang; 37 chi nhinh v i 17 cong ty lual nudc ngoii hinh nghe tai Viet Nam Sir phit tnen
ve so lugng cua luat su trong nhirng nam qua rat an tugng Ndu nam 2001, so lugng luit
su Viet Nam li 1632 luat su chinh thirc vi
468 luat su tap sta thi tinh den het thing 02/2009 so lupng luat su tang len 5.334 luat
su chinh thirc v i 2.000 ngudi tap su hanh nghe luat su Trong gan 7 nam (2001 -2008;, sP lupng luat su da tang 200% so vdi trudc khi Phap lenh Luat su nam 2001 co hieu lire Chi rieng 3 nam ,'2005, 2006, 2007) tong so luat su tren ca nudc da tang
nganh toa an, tr.4; Bao cao sd 35/BC-TA ngay 30 thang 12 nam 2004 ciia Toa an nhan dan idi cao tdng
kk cdng tac nam 2004 va phuang hudng, nhiem vu
nam 2005 cua nganh toa an; Bao cao sd 05/BC-'IA ngay 17 thang 01 nam 2008 ciia Toa an nhan dan tdi
cao tdng kk cdng tac nam 2007 va phuong hudng,
nhiem vu nam 2008 ciia nganh toi an.,,
" Chi cdn hai tinh Dien Bien va Lai Chau chua thanh lap dupc doan luat su vi khdng cd du 03 luat su theo quy dinh ciia Luat Luat su
Trang 2NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT SO 7/2010
40% so vdi nim 2004^ binh quan mdi nam
so luat su tang tren 10%)'* Cung vdi sir phit
trien ve so lupng, trong nhtrng nim gan day,
chat lupng cua dpi ngti luat su da v i dang
timg budc dupe nang cao, budc dau dip img
yeu cau chuyen nghiep boi boat dpng luat
su So luat su cP trinh dp cii nhan luat trd len
dugc nang tir 59% (nam 1989) len 96,95%)
(nim 2008) So luat su da qua dio tao nghe
chiem 65.8%) tong so luat su ciia ca nudc
Hien nay, tham gia tP tung li ITnb vuc
hinh nghe chu yeu eua cic luat su Hoat
dpng tham gia tP tiang ctia luat su da gPp
phan thuc day thuc hien nguyen tac tranh
lung tai phien toi, gPp phan nang cao chat
lupng xet xir ciia toi in - nhiem vu trong
tam cua cii each tu phip Cting theo Bao eio
so 87/BC-BCS cua Bd Tu phip thi trong 3
nam (2005-2007) cic luat su da tham gia td
tiing trong 40.663 vu in binh su, 20.556 vu
viec ve dan sia, 1.211 vu viec ve kinh te, 452
via vide ve lao dpng, 730 via viec ve hinh
chinh Thuc lien cho thiy, viec tham gia to
lung cua cic luat su khong nhiing bao dim
tot han quyen bio chtra cua bi can, bi eio,
cic duang sir khic, ma cPn giiip cac ca quan
tien hinb to tung phat hien, sira chtra nhtrng
thieu sPt, lam ro sir that khich quan, xet xir
dung ngudi, dung tpi, dting phap luat, bao ve
phip che xa hdi chu nghTa
Ben canh nhiing ket qui tich circ nen
tren, boat dpng tranh tung ciia luat su trong
to ti.ing hinh su (TTHS) thdi gian qua ciing
da bpc lp nhieu ban che, bat cap Ngoii
nhtrng ban che ve quy dinh eua phip luat
nhu nhieu cong trinh da cong bo trong cic
sach, bao, tap cbi gan day thi nhung han che
trong thuc lien tP chirc thuc hien cting li van
de ding pbii quan tam;
Nam 2004, ca nudc cd 2856 luat su, trong dd cd
2042 luat su chinh thirc va 814 luat su tap su,
"• Bao cao sd 87/BC-BCS ngay 14 thang 11 nam 2008
cua Ban can su Dang Bd Tu phap ve So ket ba nam
Ihuc hien Nghi quy6t sd 49-NQ/TW ngay 02/6/2005
cua Bp Chinh tri ve Chien lupc cai each tu phap den
nam 2020,
- Theo Bio cao sd 43/BC/BCS-CCTP ngiy 10 thing 6 nam 2008 eua Bp Tu phip
ve kiem tra viec thuc bien Nghi quyet so 49-NQ/TW cua Bp Chinh tri cho thay viec to chirc phien tPa theo tinb than cii each chua dugc toin dien, khau tranh tung tai phien tPa chua cP chuyen bien nhieu, viec xet hPi, tranh tung van mang nang tinh truyen thong Chat lugng tranh tung cita kiem sat vien tai phien toi cPn yeu, viec tranh tung gitra luat
su v i KSV khong dugc coi trgng dung mirc
v i mang ning tinb binh thtrc Vai tro cua luat
su chua dugc coi trgng trong tranh tiing Trong mpt so vu an cic y kien luat su dua ra tbi KSV khong tranh luan, khi ra bin in thi cting khong co phan nhan dinh y kien bio cbiaa cua luat su, hoic y kien cita luat su khong dupe chap nhap li do "quan diem ctia luat su khong phu hgp vdi quan diem cua toi" (nhat la cap huyen) Trong mpt so trudng hgp thieu sir hgp tic tich cue cua ca quan tien hinh to tung (ca quan tP tiing trung cau cham, khong cP lich lam viec cu the, nhat li co quan dieu tra Ngoii ra mpt
sd trudng hgp toi i n hoan xir lien tuc, khi luat su den thi toi lai hoan m i khdng bio trudc; thu tuc hinb chinh khdng thdng nhit:
cd noi cbi can mpt ca quan to tung cap giay chimg nhan bao chiia la du, cP nai c i 3 co quan; dieu tra, kiem sit, toi in deu yeu ciu lim thu tuc cap giay chimg nhan bio chiia )
- Kbi xem xet vai tro cua luat su trong tranh tung, chung toi nhan thiy thuc trang chat lupng v i dpi ngu luat su con nhieu bit cap, chua dip irng dugc cic bio dim cin thiet cho luat su tranh tung binh ding trong TTHS Cu thi li :
+ So lugng luat su hien cP so vdi dan s6 cdn rat thap (trung binh ii 1 luat su/20.700 ngudi dan) vdi sta chenh lech kbi ldn trong phit trien dpi ngu luat su giiaa khu vuc thinh thi v i nong thon, giiia ddng bing v i miln nui, trung du Sd lugng luat su bien nay chua
du de dip img nhu cau vl dich vii phip ly ngiy cing tang ctia ca quan, td chirc, ca
Trang 3nhan, mi trudc lien la nhu cau trong chinh
hoat dpng cua cic co quan tien hinh to tung
-t- Ty le lual su tham gia bio chtra trong
cac vu in hinh sir con qui thap so vdi nhu
cau thuc te Theo dinh gii cua Bp Tu phip
thi chi cP khoing 20%o vu in binh sir trong
ca nudc cd sir tham gia cua luat su C5 nhieu
dja phuang, dac biet li cic tinb mien nui,
vting sau, vting xa (nhu Lai Chau, H i Giang,
Cao Bang) sP lugng luat su khong du de bio
chiia ngay ci trong cac via in bit bupc cP su
tham gia cua luat su (in cbi dinh) lam nhieu
vu an phai tam hoan xet xir, keo dii, gay kbp
khan cho co quan tien hinb td tiing Sir thieu
vang luat su trong cic vu in hinb su da
khong bio dam dugc nguyen tac tranh tung,
quyen bao chtra cua nguPi bi tam gitr, tam
giam, bi can, bi cao, inh huPng den chat
lugng giai quyet vu in
Phan tich sP lieu thong ke ciia nginh toi
an vi Bp Tu phap cho thay: Theo so lieu
thong ke ciia nginh toi in thi trong 3 nam
(2005-2007), toin nganh toi in xet xir
179.091 vu an hinh sta (nam 2005 li 55.112
vu; nam 2006 li 62.116 vu; nam 2007 li
61.813 vu) vdi 302.634 bi eio (nim 2005 la
91.205 bi eio; nim 2006 li 103.733 bi eio;
nam 2007 la 107.696 bj cio)^ Trong khi dd,
theo Bao eio sP 87/BC-BCS ngay 14/11/
2008 ciia Ban cin su Ding Bp Tu phip ve
Sa kei ha ndm thuc hien Nghi qiiyil sP
49-NQ/TW ngdy 02/6/2005 ciia Bp Chinh Iri vi
Chien lupc cai cdch lu phdp den ndm 2020
thi cung trong 3 nam (2005-2007), cic luat
su da tham gia tP lung trong 40.663 vu in
hinh su Nhu vay, sd vu in hinh su cd luat
su bao chtra chi chiem 22,70% tren tong so
179.091vuinhinhsu
Ty Id luat su tham gia bio chiia trong cic via in hinh su P mpt so tinh cPn thip ban
ty le binh quan tren Ket qua thong ke cua Vien kiem sit nhan dan tinh VTnh Phiic cho thay, tir nam 2002 den ngiy 31/5/2006 trong
sd 2408 vu/3876 bi eio m i toi in da xdt xir tbi cbi cd 347 vu/515 bi eio cd luat su bio chtra, chiem ty Id 14,4%) ve sd vu va 13.2%
ve sd bi eio* Theo thong ke cua toi in nhan dan huyen Ddng Phii, tinh Binh Phudc trong
sd 1384 vu in bi dua ra xet xir chi cP 85 vu
cP luat su tham gia, chiem ty le 0.85%'' Theo phan tich so lieu dieu tra, khio sit cho thay nhu cau luat su cua xa hpi rat ldn, nhung chat lugng dpi ngu luat su hien nay lai chua dap img nhu cau cua ngudi dan Cu the, phan lich cau sP 8 phieu hPi so 3 (Dia in Dieu
tra CO ban; "Thirc trgng td chirc vd hogt dpng
cdc ea quan lu phdp, cdc td chirc nghe nghiep trong ITnh virc tu phdp phuc vu viec xdy dung Chien luac phdt trien vd quy hogch long the ngdnh lu phdp den ndm 2020" cua
Bp Tu phap nam 2010) ddi vdi 134 luat su cho thay; Cd 66,4%) so luat su dugc hdi cho rang sd lugng lual su hien nay cdn thieu so vdi nhu cau xi bpi; 26,1% cho rang sP lupng luat su hien nay dip img nhu cau ciia xa hpi;
vi chi CO 7,5% cho rang sP lugng luat su hien nay du thira so vdi nhu cau ctia xi hpi Ket qua tren cho thay nhu cau cua xa hpi ve luat
su li rat ldn
Tuy nhien, theo Bio cao khio sit tong hgp ve Chien luge phit trien luat su den nam
2020 cita BP Tu phip (thing 12/2008, tr.89) thi lai chi ra ty le luat su that nghiep hien nay kbi cao Chang ban, Tp Ho Chi Minh la nai
cP boat dpng kinh doanh thuong mai phit trien nhat trong toan quoc, y thirc cua nguoi dan, doanh nghiep ve dich vu phap ly cao bon Tuy nhien, trong sP 1.500 lual su cua
Ngudn; Pham Van Lpi, Du an Diiu tra co ban tinh
hinh thi hanh an hinh su tai cdng ddng (an treo, mdt
so hinh phat khdng phai la phat tii), cac bien phap tu
phap va thi hanh an hanh chinh tir nim 2000 den nay,
Vivn Khoa hpc phap ly, Bd Tu phap Ha Npi, 2009,
Phy lyc sd 06,
'' Trinh Duy Tam, Tap chi Kiim sat sd 21 /2006, tr,42, ' Nguyin van Truang, Thuc trang tranh tung tai phien toa hinh si,i Tap chi Toa an nhan dan sd 13/2008, tr,6
Trang 4NHA NUOC VA PHAP LUAT SO 7/2010
Doan luat su Tp Ho Chi Minh thi co den 800
luat su khong du viec lim
Su mau thuan tren chi co the giii thich
dupc la nhu cau ciia xa bpi ve dich vu phip
ly li kha ldn, nhung chat lugng cua dpi ngti
lual su bien nay chua lim cho ngudi dan du
tin cay vio kbi nang bao chira cita cic luat
su Mat khac, do hoin canh kinh te ciia
nhieu bi can, bi eio, ngudi bi hai bet sire khd
khan nen du cd muon nhd luat su cting
khong cd tien thue Phan tich cau sd 13
phieu hdi so 3 (Du in Dieu tra ca bin:
"Thuc trgng tP chirc vd hogt dpng cdc ca
quan tu phdp, cdc Id chicc nghe nghiep trong
ITnh vuc tu phdp phuc vu viec xdy dung
Chien luac phal Irien vd quy hogch ldng the
ngdnh tir phdp den ndm 2020" cua Bp Tu
phap nam 2010) dPi vdi 135 luat su cting
cho thay ro nhan dinh tren li sit ding Cia
the li: cd den 57,8%) so ngudi dupe hPi ebo
ring dpi ngti luat su bien nay "ve ca bdn
chua dap ung duac yeu cdu cdng viec";
36,3%) ebo rang "ve ca bdn ddp irng duac
yeu cdu cdng viec" v i chi cP 5,9%o cho ring
"ve ca bdn ddp irng tot yeu cdu cong viec "
Trong thdi gian qua, sd luat su vi pham
quy tie dao dire nghe nghiep v i ky luat binh
nghe luat su khong nhieu, nhung deu li
nhtrng via viec ding chu y, inh huang ldn
den uy tin v i dao dire nghe luat su Theo
Bio cao so 87/BC-BCS ngiy 14/11/2008
cua Ban can su Ding Bp Tu phip thi trong
03 nam (2005-2008), da cP 53 luat su,
ngudi tap sir hinb nghe luat su bi xir ly ky
luat, trong dP 30 trudng hgp bi xoi ten kbPi
danh sich luat su, ngudi tap sir binh nghe
luat su Van cP mpt sd luat su cd bieu bien
lech lac ve tu tudng chinh tri, de bi cac
phan tir phan dpng ngoai nudc v i ca hpi
chinh tri trong nudc loi keo Thtac te thdi
gian qua da xuat hien mpt sd luat su viet bai
tren cic phuang tien thong tin dai chiing the
hien quan diem sai trai, anh huang kbPng
tot den an ninh quoc gia, mot vii ngudi da
bj truy ciru trich nhiem hinb sia ve tpi tuyen
truyen chdng N h i nudc Cpng hda xa hpi chu nghTa Viet Nam
Ttr nhtrng phan tich tren cho thay, de tang cudng vai trd tranh tung cua luat su trong TTHS, chiing tdi xin dua ra mpt sd de xuat, kien nghi sau:
Thd nhdt, cdn sira dpi, bo sung cdc quy
dinh cita Bp ludt To tung Hinh su hien hdnh
nhdm bdo ddm su blnh ddng trong tranh
lung giira ludt su vd kiem sdl vien Irong TTHS Cu thi Id:
- Quy dinh tranh tung li nguyen tic ca
bin trong TTHS;
- Xic dinh rd chirc nang cita Tda in va vien kiem sit trong TTHS, tda an la ca quan xet xir (trpng tii) do vay khong co quyen khdi td vu in binh sir, quyen tri hd so de dieu tra bd sung; vien kiem sat nhan dan la chu the quyen cdng td do vay vien kiem sat nhan dan chi nen thuc hien chuc ning duy nhat li chuc ning cdng to (chirc ning bupc tpi) m i kbPng nen thuc hien c i chuc ning kiem sit viec tuan theo phip luat trong boat dpng xet xir;
- Bo sung them cac quyen ning phip ly cho luat su bio dim sir binh ding cita luat su vdi kiem sit vien trong tranh tiang, nhu: Quyen dupc thu thap chimg cir, quyln co mat chung kien ngay tir kbi ca quan tiin binh to tiang tien hinb kham xet, thu gitr, tam gitr, ke bien tii sin cua bi can, bi eio (kl
ci vide khim xet cho d, dia dilm, dp vat, thu tin, buu kien ), khim nghiem hien trudng
v i quyen phin bien vd kit qui giim dinh do, quyen mdi ngudi lam chimg Ddng thdi phip luat cung cin quy dinh rd vl trinh tu, thit ttac thu thip v i cung cip cbiing cir (tii lieta, do vat ) cua ben gd tpi, cung nhu co che de toa in xem xet, ddi chieu, so sanh chap nhan cic chung cir niy Md rpng pham
vi tranh tung trong qua trinh xet xir tai phien tda, nhu tranh tung vl thu tuc td tung vu in (dugc bieu bien thong qua viec xem xet y
kien de nghi thay ddi t l i m phan, hgi thim
nhan din, thu ky phien toi, kilm sit vien,
Trang 5ngudi giim dinh, ngudi phien dich; y kien
trieu tap hay khdng trieu tap them ngudi lim
chimg: y kien vd dua them vat chimg tii lieu
ra xem xet hay khdng Tat ci cic van de niy
can phai dupc tranh tiang lim ro xem y kien,
de nghi tren cP cin cir va dung phip luat hay
khong, tren ca so tranh luan cua cic ben thi
loa an mdi ra cic quyet dinh cu the) Trong
giai doan xdt hdi ve tat ci cic van de (nhu bdi
cac doi tupng lien quan, xem xet vat chimg,
xem xet tai chd, trinh bay, cong bd tai lieu )
neu cP cic y kien khic nhau thi cung can phii
tranh tung lim rd Trong giai doan tranh luan
thi viec tranh lung dupe the hien tap trung
nhat, dien hinh nhat thong qua viec cic ben
chimg minh vi phin bic lan nhau xung
quanh cac van de ca ban nhu: CP banh vi
pham tpi xay ra hay khdng? Thdi gian, dia
diem vi nhung tinh tiet khic cua hinh vi
pham tpi? Ai li ngudi thuc hien hinb vi
pham lpi? CP loi bay khong cP ldi? Do cP y
hay vo y? Co nang luc trich nhiem binh su
hay l<:hong? Muc dich, dpng ca pham tpi?
Nhung tinh tiet tang ning, giim nhe trich
nhiem hinh sir ciia bi can, bi eio v i nhung
dac diem nlian than cua ho; tinh chat, mirc dp
thiet hai do hinb vi pham tpi gay ra
Thir hai, Nhd nudc cdn cd cdc chinh
sdch eu the nhdm phdi trien cdc iP chirc,
dich vu phdp ly cP chdi lupng nhdm ddp irng
nhu cdu hd trp phdp ly ciia ngudi ddn noi
chimg, nhu cdu hd Ira phdp ly Irong tP lung
hinh su ndi rieng
- Cin cP chien luge vdi tam nhin dii ban
ve phit trien dpi ngu luat su du ve so lugng,
gioi ve chuyen mon, nghiep vu, gitr vtrng
ban ITnh chinh tri va dao dire ngbl nghiep
dap img yeu cau ngiy cing cao ciia xa hpi
doi vdi chat lupng dich vu phip ly cua luat
su Ben canh dP vide khan truang sira ddi,
bo sung cic quy djnh eua phip luat nhim
bao dam cho luat su cd mpt vi thi binh dSng
voi ben bupc tpi trong tranh tung cung la vin
de dang quan lam, Phan dau ve lau dii, trong
cac vu in, vd ca bin cP luat su Tao dilu
kien de phit trien da dang cic hinh thtrc hinh nghe luat su; Hinb nghe trong to chirc luat su; hanh nghe vdi tu cich ci nhan; lim vide cho cic ca quan nha nudc, tP chirc trg giiip phip ly cua Nhi nudc, doanh nghiep hay to chirc khic Trong viec quin ly luat
su, can xic dinh rd ban vai trP cua cic doin luat su dpi vai luit su thinh vien cua minh
Ve md hinh td chirc xa hpi - nghe nghiep cua luat su, thdng qua TP chirc luat su loan quoc de dai dien cho gidi luat su toin qudc, bao ve quyen v i lpi ich hgp phip cua cic luat su vi to chirc thanh vidn; thuc hien chirc nang quan ly luat su v i hinb nghe luat su nham hP trp phit trien nghe luat su, nang cao vi the v i vai tro cao quy cua luat su trong xa hpi
- Ting cudng mang ludi trg giup phap
ly, tu van phip luat mien phi cho ngudi ngheo va ddi tugng chinh sich, md rpng pham vi bio chiia de dim bao cic phien toa
cP sir tham gia cua ngudi bio chua ngiy cing nhieu, md rpng pham vi cic doi lugng dugc trg giiip phip ly mien phi (nhu cic ddi tugng de bi ton thuang trong xi hpi, cic dPi tugng bi xam hai tinb due, bao lire gia dinh )
- Tiep tuc day manh viec xa hpi hoi mpt
sd boat dpng bo trg tu phap nhim mang lai cic dich vu phip ly tot nhat cho nguoi dan (nhu; dan gian boa thu tuc thinh lap van phPng luat su, nghien ciru cho phep To chirc luat su loan quPc dugc dio tao, boi dudng ehuyen mdn, nghiep vu luat su, xa hpi hoa cong tic trp giup phip ly cho nguoi ngheo
v i ddi tupng chinh sich theo hudng huy dpng cic tP chirc chinh tri, chinh tri - xa hpi, cic td chirc nghe nghiep tham gia vio boat dpng trg giiip phip ly )
- Nghien curu khi nang cho phep thinh lap cac td chuc tham tir tu de giiip ngudi tham gia td tung thu thap chirng cir, nang cao chit lugng tranh tung trong cic vu in hinh su