Nhirng ngudi cdn lai bat lien lac vdi Nguyen Thi Thap (Lien Tinh uy My Tho), Le Hiru Kieu (tu Ha Ngi vdo), Hoang Du Khuang, Le Minh Dinh, Tran Van Tra (tu mien Trung vao) de hoat dgn[r]
Trang 1TRAO DOI
THEM MOT SO TU" LIEU VE QUA TRINH KHOI PHUC T 6 CHLPC OANG
I I •
VA LI/C LlfONG CACH MANG a NAM KY (1941 -1942)
ThS PHAM THI HUE
I rong hon 80 nam xdm lugc do hg
-*- cua thyc dan Phdp d Viet Nam,
chua cd cugc khdi nghTa ndo bi dan dp
tan khdc nhu cugc khdi nghTa Nam Ky
thang 11-1940' Thong ke tir tdi lieu luu
trfl' tai cac co quan luu tru trong nudc vd
nudc ngoai cho thdy cd 45.093 ngudi da
bi dua ra xet xu, trong do 1.663 ngudi bi
ket an tir hinh^ So lieu thong ke tren day
chdc chan chua day du, chua ke hang
trdm, hang nghin ngudi khac bi tan sdt
trong cac cugc can quet vd nem bom
hodc bi chat ddu beu chg; bi tra tan din
chet, bi thu tieu ngam trong tii d Nam
Ky trong sudt may nam sau khdi nghTa
Lyc lugng each mang bi ton thdt hit su'c
ndng ne •
Tinh hinh do dat ra nhiem vu cdp bach
cho nhung ngudi cgng san la nhanh chdng
khdi phuc cac to chuc Dang va cac co sd
quan chiing, tiep tuc lanh dao phong trao
ddu tranh cua nhan dan, ra sire giu gin luc
lugng, nai nao khong giu dugc thi phan tan
de trdnh ton that, cung cd td chuc, tim each
lien lac vdi Trung uong
* Giam doc Trung tdm Lun tru qudc gia IV
Thdng 12-1940, nhu'ng dang vien Xu uy cdn lai da hgp tai xa Du Phii, Trung Qudn
de rut kinh nghiem khdi nghTa, phan cdng nhau nam lai ca sd, gay dyng lyc lugng, chuan bi khdi nghTa lan 2 vdi y do tap trung vdo Sdi Gdn vd mgt so tinh xung quanh
O My Tho, tuy co sd Dang Cgng san thiet hai nang, nhung van cdn mgt so dang vien trung kien tim each nam quan chiing, nam te, lam te liet su kiem sodt cua chinh quyen dich d nhieu noi, gay dyng lai ca sd mgt so xa, huyen
Ci Bien Hda, Dong Thap Mudi vdn co mgt so can bg dang vien quy tu lyc lugng vu trang, hoat dgng va bao ton lyc lugng Ong Luu Du Chau (nguyen Bi thu Tinh uy Gia Dinh nam 1941) vdi 150 du kich rut vao Dong Thap Mudi, hoat dgng trung tri bgn ac on, danh ca nhung don canh sat le
O Sai Gdn - Chg Ldn, cac dang vien Chi bg Ba Son da gay dung, phat trien ca
sd Dang vd ndng cot quan chung ra cac hang xudng khdc nhu: SIMAC, FACI, BATA, ARSENAL, Nhd den Chg Quan
C5 Chg Ldn, co quan Tinh uy bi pha vd tir cudi nam 1940, mgt so can bo cdn lai
Trang 2tam thdi ly huong len Da Lat, Tdy Ninh
hoac vdo Vudn Tham - Bd Vy; mgt bg
phdn can bg, dang vien tai cac ca sd Dang
van cdn bdm dugc d dia phuong nhd sy
dflm bgc cua nhdn dan
0 Gia Dinh, mgt sd chi bg cua cac ldng
My Phu Hung, An Nhon Tdy, Nhudn Due,
Trung Lap, An Hda, Phii Lgi (Hdc Mdn),
Tan Thudn Ddng, Phii Xuan Hgi (Nhd
Be) vdn bi mat sinh hoat, tim each ndi lai
lien lac vdi cap tren
Bui Van Chdu (tuc Luu Dy Chdu), cdn
bg Xll uy, dugc cu ve thanh lap lai Tinh uy
Gia Dinh (6-1941) Nhdm Trinh Thi Miing
tir Vflng Tdu ve gay dyng lai co sd d vung
Hdc Mdn ^ Cdc nhdm ndy khdng lien ket
dugc vdi nhau ,,
Ddu nam 1941, Biii Van Chau bi dich
bat va hy sinh, mgt so dang vien d Hdc
Mdn, Gd Vap thdnh lap lai Tinh uy do
Nguyen Van Xudng lam Bf thu Bi khung
bd, cdc ddng vien trong Tinh uy Gia Dinh
phdi phdn tdn vao ngi thdnh Sai Gdn, Due
Hda (Chg Ldn) va Vung Tdu chd thdi co
Hgi nghi lan 2 cua cac can bg Xil uy vdi
cac lien tinh uy tai xa Da Phude (Cdn
Giugc - Chg Ldn) trong hai ngdy 21 vd
22-1-1941 da bdu ra Xu uy mdi do Phan Van
Khde lam Bf thu va Phan Van Bay (Bay
Cui) ldm Phd Bi thu Xu uy chu truang xay
dyng can cu' U Minh (thugc 2 tinh Rach
Gia vd Bac Lieu), tap hgp nhirng dang vien
da bi lg ve U Minh de xdy dyng can cil, sdn
xuat vfl khf
Ban tin cua chinh quyen thyc dan vl
hoat dgng chinh tri cd dm muu lat dd ngay
31-1-1941 cho biet: "Cac dang vien cgng san vung Ba Diem da md mgt cugc hgp nhdm muc dich dua ra mgt so giai phdp lien quan budi le tudng niem Lenin, chuan bi cho phong trdo noi day khdi nghTa lan 2"'* Ban tin thang 2 cua canh sat Nam Ky viet: "Ban lien lac giua Xu uy vd Lien tinh
uy Can Tho vdi nhieu nhdm d thdnh pho khdc se dugc thiet lap lai" Cung trong ban tin ndy cho biet: Thanh uy Sai Gdn - Chg Ldn hien nay dang dugc khoi phuc lai dudi
sy chi dao cua dai bieu td chirc Dang d Trung Ky; chuan bi in an lai va phat tan td bdo bf mat cua Trung Ky cd ten la "Chien thang" de tuyen truyen ^
Van ban cua canh sat Nam Ky ve nhung boat dgng chfnh tri cd khuynh hudng lat do d vimg ban xu' Nam Ky thang 3-1941 phdt hien: Xir uy Nam Ky thudng xuyen cd moi lien lac mat thiet vdi Dang Cgng san Trung Quoc d Chg Ldn Dang nay da tap hgp dugc 51 dang vien va 900 cam tinh vien*"
Tdi lieu mat tham Phap cdn cho biet,
tren td bdo bf mat Resolution ciia Dang
Cgng sdn dugc xuat ban vao ngdy
24-3-1941 viet: "Cac Lien Tinh uy va cdc Tinh uy da dugc khdi phuc, da thilt lap lai mdi lien lac giua cac to chirc nay vdi Xu' uy Nam Ky"^ Trong Thong tu ngay 10-4-1941, Xll uy Nam Ky da nhdc nhd
va don doc cac dang vien cgng sdn phdi chuan bi khan truang mgt phong trao khdi nghTa mai co thl duang ddu vdi nhu'ng bien co c6 the xay ra trong giai doan nay d Dong Duang
Trang 3TRAO DOI
Trong cugc hgp ngay 17-5-1941 tai
ngoai 6 Sdi Gdn, mgt dai bieu cua Xu uy
Nam Ky da neu ra y kien ve van de ma
Dang Cgng san quan tam nhat hien nay la
viec trang bi vfl khi va thuoc no, nhat la khf
Clorat vd Call hydroxit Ban tin cua canh
sdt Nam Ky cho bilt, trong thang 8-1941,
nhilu nhdm cac dang vien cgng san van
dang tiep tuc co gang khoi phuc cdc to chuc
Dang d vung Sai Gdn - Chg Lon^ •
Trong nam 1941 cac td chuc co sd
Ddng da in va phat tan truyen don vdi
ngi dung len dn thyc dan Phdp, phat xft
Nhdt, keu ggi qudn chiing khong nhut chf
trudc thdt bai, phdi tin tudng vdo su lanh
dao cua Ddng, tiep tuc ddu tranh gidnh
dgc lap Truyen don xuat hien d nhieu
noi, nhu Sdi Gdn - Chg Ldn, Gia Dinh
vd cdc tinh mien Tay nhu My Tho, Tan
An, Rach Gid, Trd Vinh, Chau Ddc; Can
Tho, Ben Tre, Sdc Trang Truyen dan
gdm nhieu loai, phong phu va da dang:
cd nhung truyen don dugc in bang tilng
Hoa, chu Quoc ngu, cd nhung truyen
don dugc in litd Sd lugng truyen don cd
khi len tdi hdng tram td Sau khi nha in d
Sdi Gdn bi danh phd thi cdc td chirc
Ddng td chirc lai nhd in tai Thu Ddu Mgt
dl tilp tuc in dn tai lieu tuyen truyin
Nhung td bao Gidi Phdng, bao Chiin
Ddu cflng dugc bi mat phat tdn trong
qudn chung
Cung thdi gian nay, Hgi nghi Ban chdp
hdnh Trung uong Dang ldn thil tdm
(5-1941) da hoan tdt sy chuyin hudng chi dao
chiln lugc each mang Viet Nam, thanh lap
Mat tran Viet Minh, tap hgp rgng rai cac tang ldp nhdn dan vdo muc tieu gianh dgc lap dan tgc Trung uong cu can bg vdo Nam Ky de bat lien lac va truyen dat chu truong cua Dang Cudi nam 1941, Nguyen Hiru Xuyen, phai vien cua Trung uang da dem Chuang trinh vd Dieu le cua Mat trdn Viet Minh vdo Sdi Gdn
Tai Sdi Gdn, sau khi Xir uy bi phd vd, cac dang vien cdn lai d Sai Gdn do khdng thong nhat ve quan diem nen da hinh thdnh nhieu nhdm hoat dgng dgc lap Khoang cuoi nam 1941, ong Bui Van Dy
tu mien Tdy len bat lien lac dugc vdi mgt
sd dang vien d Sai Gdn va hai ngudi vira vugt nguc Td Ldi trd ve Id Trdn Anh Kiet (tile Van) vd Nguyen Cong Trung tap hgp
dugc mgt ddu moi chi dao lay ten Id Liin
Tinh uy miin Ddng; Nhdm ndy bat lien lac
dugc vdi dng Nguyen Hiru Xuyen do Trung uong cu vdo, nhan dugc tdi lieu Hoi nghi Trung uong 8
Mgt sd can bg tir cac tinh mien Tay nhu: Ngd Thi Lien, Nguyen Van Minh, Nguyen Van Phude, Ngo Thi Hue (d tu ra) vl thanh pho Sai Gdn tim each bat lien lac vdi cac
CO sd cfl, gay dyng cdc chi bg Dang, gay dyng CO sd trong gidi tieu thuang, tri thiic, hgc sinh, sinh vien, cdng chuc
Dau nam 1942, nhdm ddng vien Ngd Thi Hue, Nguyen Xuan Phong, Nguyin Oanh, Ha Van Nam cua Lien Tinh uy Mien Dong bat lien lac dugc vdi ong Nguyen Huu Xuyen Tdi lieu cua Trung uong chuyen vdo dugc pho biin trong mgt sd qudn chiing cong nhan lao dgng
Trang 4cdng chile, tieu thuong ; cac doan the
Thanh nien ciiu qudc, Phu nu cilu qudc,
Ndng ddn cilu qudc dugc hinh thdnh d
ngoai d Sdi Gdn, Chg Ldn, Gia Dinh, Tan
An, My Tho, VTnh Long, Tra Vinh, Sa
Dec, Long Xuyen, Chdu Ddc Day Id
hhung td chuc ddu tien cua Mat trdn Viet
Minh d Nam Ky -i r- ,f •, A ••:•
Cling vao dau nam 1942, mgt sd dang
vien nhdm hgp tai Lai Thieu ban viec thdnh
lap Ban van dgng phuc hdi Xil uy, cd mat
Bui Du, Ha Van Nam, Nguyen Van Tam
(Chg Ldn), Ngo Thi Hue Sau dd, mgt sd
ngudi bi bat, chi cdn Bui Dy, Nguyen
Oanh, Ngd Duy Lien
Co quan Xil uy luc nay ddng tai phia
Tdy Nam Sdi Gdn Xii uy da cho xudt ban
sd 1 td bdo bi mat Gidi Phdng do dng
Nguyen Van Kinh, Xil uy vien phu trach va
td bdo Resolution Do chfnh quyen thyc
dan rdo riet truy lung, chu truang mdi cua
Xll uy chua dugc pho bien xuong co sd thi
cdc Xu uy vien da lan lugt bi dich bat Bao
Gidi Phdng xuat ban mdi thang mgt ky,
den 11-1941, Xil uy vien Nguyen Van
Kinh bi dich bat mdi tam dinh ban^ i ; stl
Phan Van Khde lien lac vdi Trung uong
qua Nguyen Hiru Ngoan, Nguyen Hun
Xuy In va Nguyen Thi Ky (tuc Nam) Dugc
mgt thdi gian, nhieu co sd Dang va qudn
chiing each mang bi va, nhieu dang vien bi
dich bdt, ke cd Bf thu Phan Vdn Khde, lien
lac vdi Trung uong cflng bi diit
Song song vdi viec xdy dyng lai Xir uy
Lien Tinh uy, trong qua trinh xdy dung lai
td chirc, d Sdi Gdn, Chg Ldn, Gia Dinh, tir
nam 1942 hinh thanh mgt so nhdm lanh dao nhu:
- Nhdm Nguyin Oanh, Ngo Thi Lien, Ngd Thi Hue tfch cyc mdc noi va gdy dyng
CO sd ngi thdnh Sai Gdn Nhdm cua Nguyin Oanh lien lac dugc vdi so can bg vugt nguc Td Ldi trd ve, phan cdng dang vien xdy dyng ca sd d cac tinh Nam Ky
- Nhdm Bui Van Du vd mgt so ddng vien tu mien Tdy len nhu Xung Phong, Hodng T I Thl, Nam Map boat dgng d khu vyc Ba Queo, danh xung la Thanh uy
Sai Gdn, ra bao Gidi Phdng lam co quan tuyen truyen Bao Gidi Phdng ra dugc 5 so
thi bi dich pha, phan ldn cac dang vien bi dich bat Nhirng ngudi cdn lai bat lien lac vdi Nguyen Thi Thap (Lien Tinh uy My Tho), Le Hiru Kieu (tu Ha Ngi vdo), Hoang
Du Khuang, Le Minh Dinh, Tran Van Tra (tu mien Trung vao) de hoat dgng vd khdi
phuc td bao Gidi Phdng, tuyen truyen, co
dgng phong trao yeu nudc
- Nhdm Phu Van Don hoat dgng a cac
lang Binh Tri Dong, Tan Tao, Tan Kien (Trung Qudn - Chg Ldn) Trgng tam hoat dgng cua nhdm nay nham khoi phuc cac ca
sd Ddng trong cac lang va khdi phuc cac co
sd hgi qudn chung nong dan ., > • n ;.» Tai cac tong, lang, cdc nhdm can bg, dang vien cung tfch cue mdc ndi, tung budc hinh thdnh chi bg, Ban can sy, Huyen uy, Tinh uy lam thdi Cong van sd 257C/API eua Thdng ddc Nam Ky giri Toan quyln Ddng Duong ngay 4-2-1942 da ghi nhdn:
"Dang Cgng san dang co gang khoi phuc lai
bg may hoat dgng ngam cua minh , td chuc
TAP CHi LICH SLF D A N G - SO 9/2010 51
Trang 5TRAO DOI
cac cugc hgp bi mat vdo ban dem d cac
vung heo lanh, ddng bang Song Cim Long
va tren thuyen chay tren cdc rach"
Cung thdi gian nay, cac thanh vien Xil
uy bi lg dat v l U Minh hoat dgng lien lac
dugc vdi cac dang vien cdn lai d cac tinh
miln Tdy; den khoang giua ndm 1941,
thdnh lap Lien Tinh uy mien Tdy do Phan
Van Bdy (Bay Cui) lam Bi thu
Trong thdi gian ndy, d Lien Tinh uy Mien
Tdy cd ngi gian, nhieu dang vien bi sa vao
tay giac, so uy vien cdn lai cua Lien Tinh uy
phai lien tuc thay doi chd d, td chiic lai Lien
Tinh uy mdi, tap hgp lai sd can bg kien
tmng, chuyen vung hoat dgng, kien tri bdm
qudn chung chi cot de gay dung lai co sd
Mgt sd can bg lanh dao phdi tam an minh
bdm try d mgt so noi nhu: Ung Vdn Khiem d
Cd Dd (Cdn Tho), Nguyen Van Tdy d An
Bien (Rach Gia) Trdn Van Giau sau khi vugt
ngyc d Ta Ldi ve try d Xeo Bdn, sau do qua
U Minh Thugng Dung Vdn Phuc (Duong
Quang Ddng) cimg tham gia vugt nguc d Td
Lai ve gdy dyng co sd d mgt sd noi khdc
Cdc Lien Tinh fly hoat dgng mgt thdi
gian thi doi thdnh Liin Tinh uy Tien Giang
(tu'c Lien Tinh fly mien Ddng) vd Lien Tinh
uy Hdu Giang (tlie Lien Tinh uy miln Tdy)
Sau vu phdn bgi cua Tu C h a " , Lien
tinh uy Hau Giang dugc cflng cd lai da
chu truang xudt ban td bao Chiin Ddu ndi
tiep td Gid' Phdng Trong Bdn tin eua
Cdnh sat Nam Ky v l nhung dm muu
chinh tri co khuynh hudng lat dd d nhung
vung bdn xil Nam Ky thang 10-1941,
chfnh quyln thuc dan cho bilt: "Lien
Tinh uy mien Tdy da quylt dinh xuat ban
td bao Chien Ddu vdo cudi thdng 10, td
bdo nay se Id co quan ngdn luan cfla Lien Tinh uy Hau Giang"'^ Trong bdo cdo chfnh tri tu 20-12-1942 - 19-1-1943, chfnh quyen thyc ddn cflng ndi den viec Lien Tinh fly mien Tdy xuat ban sd 14
bdo Chien Ddu va ban Tuyen ngdn lien
minh vi Viet Nam dgc Idp'^ Den thang
4-1942, Bdo Chiin Ddu lay danh nghTa la
CO quan tuyen truyen cua Mat trdn phan
de Dong Duong (bg phan Hau Giang) Lien Tinh uy Tien Giang cung xuat
bdn bdo Phuc Qudc tu 5-5-1942, in d
Bung (Lai Thieu - Thu Ddu Mgt)
Thanh fly Sai Gdn - Chg Ldn dugc ciing
CO lai tu thdng 7-1942 ra td bao Dgi Tien Phong, do Trdn Van Ddu phu trach''*
Lien Tinh uy mien Dong chi tdn tai tir
cudi 1941 d i n thang 8-1942; bao Gidi Phdng ra dugc 11 so Du vay, nghi quyet
Hgi nghi Trung u a n g 8 vd tdi lieu ve Mat trdn Viet Minh vdn dugc pho bien den mgt sd noi cua Gia Dinh vd Chg Ldn Trong nhiing nam 1941-1942, viec khoi phuc to chuc Dang vd phong trao each mang d Nam Ky cue ky khd khan Su khung bo khdc liet cua thyc ddn Phap da lam cho ca sd Dang va luc lugng each mang tdn that nang ne Mac dii cd sy chi dao cua Trung uong vd nd lyc cua dia phuang nhung do bi chinh quyen thyc dan lien tuc danh pha nen viec khdi phuc td chile Dang tai Nam Ky cdn cham va phdn tdn
(Xem tiep trang 57)
Trang 6nhin tay sai cua Nhdt dimg ra vd nguc "thodt
ly anh hudng cfla Nhat" vd ty xung la "dgc
lap, dan chu" de ddu hang Anh, My chu
khong phdi de gidi phdng ddn tgc Hodc
Phdp se ngoc ddu day thu thdp sue tan d
Ddng Duong vd dem tan quan chay ra ngodi
rdi thdng 3 trd lai cung vdi bgn Viet gian
than Phdp, lap chinh quyen bfl nhin thdn
Phdp trong todn quoc va tuyen bo thi hdnh
ban tuyen ngdn ngdy 24-3-1945 eho Dong
Duong "ty tri" Cd hai tru'dng hgp dy deu vd
cung nguy hiem
Cd the ndi rang, trong nhung bai hgc ve
thdng lgi cua Cdch mang Thdng Tam, thi bdi
hgc vi du bdo th&i ca vd ch&p th&i ca la bdi
hgc cd tdm ddc biit quan trgng
1 StenTonnesson: The Vietnamese Revolution
of 1945 - Roosevelt, Ho CM Minh and De Gaulle
in a World at War, Sage Publication London
-New Delhi, 1991, p 412
2, 3, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Dang Cong san Viet Nam:
Vdn kien Ddng Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2000, T.7,
tr 113, 498, 365, 367, 372, 373, 421 -422
4, 11 H6 Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H,
2000, T 3, tr 505-506, 554
10 Chat xilng, ST, H, 1955, tr 65 (din theo
Ljch sir Qudc hoi Viet Nam 1946-1960, CTQG,
H, 1994,tr22)
12 Doan Thanh nien Cuu quoc Hoang Dieu:
Tong khdi nghia Thdng Tdm ndm 1945, NXB
Lao Dong, H, 1999, tr 338
13 Tran Quang Huy: 19- 8, Cdch mqng
Thdng Tdm Id sdng tgo, Hpi Khoa hoc Ljch six
Viet Nam xuat ban, H, 1995, tr 26-27
THEM MOT SO T\f LIEU
(Tiep theo trang 52)
Cac to chuc Dang trong qua trinh tai lap lai khdng lien ket va thong nhdt dugc vdi nhau Tuy nhien, nhung cd gang khong met mdi cua nhung ngudi cgng san chan chinh trong giai doan khdc liet cua phong trdo each mang Nam Ky da tao tien de quy bau cho su khoi phuc to chile Ddng
va lyc lugng quan chung trong nhung
nam ke tiep ' , '
I, 2, 3 Ban Tuyen giao Thanh iiy Thanh phd Hd Chf Minh (Pham Ngge Bich chii
bien): Cdch mqng Thdng Tdm 1945 d Sdi Gdn - Chg Ldn vd Gia Dinh, NXB Tdng hgp
TP Hd Chi Minh, 2008, tr.43, 44, 47-48
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 12 Hd so s6 65490, Phong Phil Todn quyen Dong Duong, Trung tam
Luu tru-Hai ngoai Phap
10 H6 so sd D6/171, Phong Thdng ddc Nam Ky, Trung tam Luu tru' Qudc gia 11
I I Tu Cha la ngi gian ciia thiic dan Phap trong Lien Tinh uy mien Tay, da tiing cung cap ke hoach khdi nghTa Nam Ky cho thuc dan Phap, chi diem bat dugc nhieu dang vien trong Lien Tinh iiy mien Tay va mot sd can
bg da chuyen vimg, ddn thuc dan Phap danh pha can CU'U Minh, i
13 Ho sa so 161, Phong Cao uy Phdp a Dong Duang, Trung tam Luu tru Hai ngoai Phap
14 H6 saso 95 SMT, Luu tru Bo Cong An