0 giai doan sau, khi kinh te thi trudng d nude ta budc vao dinh hinh, thdnh mdt nen kinh te, lai hudng tdi kinh te tri thirc va nude ta da chu ddng, tich cue hgi nhap qudc te, ddi md[r]
Trang 1DIEN DAN Tl/ Tl/^NG - LY LUAN
THANH raa cdfi Ddi ntn vOri VAN vi
DflN end Hdfl TRONQ D^NG V^ TRONG Xfl HOI
GS,TS HOANG CHI BAO*
Thanh tim cua ddi mai ndi len sice manh vd khd ndng sdng tao ciia qudn chiing, sir trudng thanh ve ndng luc tu duy ly lugn vd phdt trien ly ludn ciing nhu ndng luc lanh dao vd cam quyen ciia Ddng ta Thanh tuu ciia hon 20 nam ddi mai
cd dugc ciing Id nhd cd lice phdt dgng ciia ddn chii hoa, nha do ddn chu dd thuc day ddi mai vd phdt trien a nuac ta Thuc te dd cho thdy, viec dam bdo vd thuc hien ddn chii, phdt huy quyen lam chu cua nhdn ddn la mgt trong nhimg thdnh tuu quan trgng
vd noi bdt cua ddi mai
1 Sy trirdng thanh ve nang lyc lanh dao
va cam quyen cua Dang Cong san Viet
Nam qua dirotig loi va nhirng thanh tyu
cua doi moi
Sir nghiep ddi mdi toan dien theo dinh
hudng xa hdi chu nghia do Dang khdi xudng
va lanh dao trdn 1/4 the ky, da thu dugc thanh
thanh tuu to ldn, cd y nghia lich sir Dd la
nhiing chang dudng het siic quan trgng trong
lich sir dau tranh kien cudng ciia Dang, eiia
dan tdc va nhan dan ta Mang ban chat giai cap
cdng nhan, la ddi tien phong ciia giai cap ddng
thdi la ddi tien phong ciia dan tdc, ciia nhan
dan ta Dang dai bieu chan chinh cho lgi ich
cua giai cap, cua dan tdc va cua nhan dan,
trung thanh vd han vdi ly tudng, muc tieu ddc
lap dan tdc va chu nghia xa hdi Dang ta xiing
* Hdi ddng Ly luan Trung uong
dang la mdt Dang each mang chan chinh nhu
Hd Chi Minh ndi Uy tin va anh hudng xa hdi ciia Dang d trong nudc va ngoai nudc khdng ngimg dugc md rdng va ciing cd
Sire manh cua Dang cd dugc chinh la siic manh tir co sd xa hdi cua Dang, dd la quan chiing nhan dan da mdt Idng tin theo Dang, img hd Dang va bao ve Dang, nhat la trong nhung thdi ky gian nan, day thir thach hiem ngheo Cd dugc sire manh ay la do Dang giii: dugc mdi lien he mat thiet vdi quan chiing, hy sinh phan dau vi lgi quyen cua quan chiing, tuyet dai da sd can bd dang vien da the hien vai trd tien phong guong mau trong cac phong trao each mang de tap hgp, dan dat va ldi cudn quan ehiing hanh ddng sang tao, dua sir nghiep each mang tien len va gianh duge thang lgi Dang ta lai ed chii nghia Mac - Lenin va tu tudng Hd Chi Minh soi sang, dd la nen tang tu
Trang 2D I E N O A N T U ' T U ' 6 ' N G - L Y L U A N
tudng ciia Dang, la kim chi nam hanh ddng cua
each mang Viet Nam ma Dang trung thanh
mdt each sang tao, bao ve va phat trien trong
thue tien vd ciing phong phii, sinh dgng ciia
each mang Viet Nam va each mang the gidi
sudt 80 nam qua Coi xay dung Dang la khau
then chdt Dang da khdng ngimg eham lo sir
vimg manh va tang cudng siic ehien dau ciia
Dang ve ehinh tri, tu tudng, td chiic trong toan
Dang, tir Trung uong tdd co sd Thuc hien Di
chiic ciia Chii tich Hd Chi Minh, Dang ta dac
biet coi trgng giir gm va phat huy sir doan ket,
thdng nhat trong Dang nhu giir gin con nguoi
ciia mat minh Dd la mdt truyen thdng cue ky
quy bau ciia Dang, la mdt trong nhiing cdi
ngudn va nhan td lam nen sire manh, sire chien
dau ciia Dang
Ngay nay, trong dieu kien phat trien manh
me kinh te thi trudng, trudc nhirng bieu hien
suy thoai, bien chat ciia mdt bd phan can bd
dang vien lam tdn hai tdd uy tin va thanh danh
ciia Dang, Dang dae biet coi trgng xay dimg
Dang ve dao dire va ldi sdng, kien quyet dau
tranh vdi te quan lieu tham nhiing, lam cho
Dang trong sach viing manh de ximg dang vdi
Idng tin cay ciia nhan dan, xiing dang la mdt
Dang lanh dao, cam quyen Dang la dao dire va
van minh nhu Hd Chi Minh da timg chi dan
Ddi mdi d Viet Nam, bat dau tir nhung sang
kien sang tao cua quan chiing nhan dan d co
sd, dugc Dang cham chii tim tdi, phat hien,
tdng ket thue tien va khai quat thanh ly luan, dl
tir dd hinh thanh dudng ldi va quyet sach chiln
luge ddi mdi tai Dai hdi VI (1986) Day thuc
su la Dai hdi cua ddi mdi, la mdt mdc son chdi
lgi trong lich sir bien nien ciia Dang ta
Dang ciing nhu mdt co the sdng nen trong thuc tien lanh dao each mang, trong ddi sdng chinh tri, ciing cd liic mac phai nhiing khuyet diem, sai lam Vdi tit ca tinh trung thuc each mang, vdi ban lmh tu phe phan, diing cam nhin thang vao sir that, danh gia diing sir that, ndi ro sir that, tai Dai hdi VI Dang ta da thira nhan nhirng khuyet diem, sai lam nghiem trgng cua minh Dd la benh chu quan, duy y chi, "ta" khuynh va giao dieu, lam trai quy luat khach quan Khi d vi tri va vi the cam quyen, khdng it can bd dang vien, td chiie Dang va cap iiy lai
xa dan, xa rdi thuc tien eugc sdng nen sai lam mac phai da gay ra nhiing hau qua tieu cue phai kien quyet sira chira
Hay nhd lai nhiing nhan dinh rat sau sac cua Chii tich Hd Chi Minh va cua cac nha lanh dao kiet xuat cua Dang d vao giai doan
cudi the ky XX da qua Trong Di chuc, Bac
can dan dieu dau tien la ndi ve Dang Bae dan phai giii gin doan kit thdng nhat, diy manh tir phe binh va phe binh, cd ly, cd tinh, cd tinh thuong yeu ddng ehi lan nhau Phai thuc hanh dan chu rdng rai trong Dang, phai guong mau cho quan ehiing noi theo Phai ra siic chinh ddn Dang, ehdng ehii nghia ca nhan va thuc hanh dao diic each mang can kiem liem chinh, chi edng vd tu, phai that sir xiing dang la ngudi lanh dao, ngudi diy td trung thanh va tan tuy ciia nhan dan Trii tinh ngay thing lgi ciia each mang mien Nam, thdng nhit T6 qudc sap den gan, trong lin sira chiia culi
ciing ban Di chiic lich sir 1000 tir, Bac sau
sac, min cam, tri tue va nhan van bilt bao khi can dan Dang, Chinh phii va moi chiing ta rang, phai cd kl hoach that cu thi, rd rang
Trang 3DI^NOANTU'TU'O'NG-LY LUAN
cham lo phuc hdi san xuat va kinh te sau chien
tranh, lam het sire minh de phat trien kinh te
va van hda, cham lo ddi sdng vat chat va tinh
than that ehu dao cho nhan dan, de tranh rai
vdo bi dgng;- thieu sdt vd sai lam Va bao
nhieu dieu thiet thue, cu the, sau sac khac
dugc Ngudi viet trong Di chuc Ngudi nhac
nhd: ddi mdi nhu mdt eugc dau tranh, mdt su
nghiep lau dai Dd la cuoc chien dau khdng Id
giira nhirng cai tdt tuoi, mdi me vdi nhiing cai
xau xa, hu hdng, ldi thdi Phai dua vao dan,
tap hgp siie dan, thanh phong trao va luc
lupng to ldn cua dan de dan thuc hien
Di chuc thuc su la mdt thiet ke tu tudng ly
luan ve ddi mdi, la mdt dai tdng ket ly luan
-thuc tien ve each mang Viet Nam vdi tam
nhin xa trdng rdng va hanh ddng sang tao ciia
Hd Chi Minh Bude vao ddi mdi Dang ta da
cd trong hanh trang ciia minh cam nang quy
bau va ky dieu dd Cd the ndi, trude khi ra di,
ve vdi the gidi ngudi hien, Bac da chuan bi
chu dao ve ly luan tdng quat cho chiing ta
hanh ddng, thuc hanh bang each phat trien va
sang tao them tir nhiing tu tudng ldn lao dd
Cd Tdng Bi thu Le Duan da tung nhan
manh: chan ly la cu the nen each mang phai
sang tao Sang tao ldn nhat ndi d day ma
Dang ta da lam dugc, dd la sdng tao ve duang
ldi vd phuang phdp cua cdch mang Viet Nam
theo tu tudng Ho Chi Minh
Cd Tdng Bi thu Trudng - Chinh, ngudi cd
cdng lao to ldn ddi vdi cdng cuge ddi mdi tir
nin mdng tu tudng va ly luan tai Dai hdi VI,
Dai hdi md diu ciia ddi mdi, ciing timg ndi:
Cach mang Viet Nam da chiing td rang, khi
nao Dang ta neu cao tinh than ddc lap tu chii
va sang tao thi khi ay each mang phat trien thuan lgi va thang lgi Khi nao pham vao giao dieu, chii quan duy y chi thi khi ay each mang gap khd khan va khd tranh khdi nhiing sai lam, nhiing that bai Nhiing bai hgc dugc Dang ta tdng ket tai Dai hdi VI cdn mai gia tri
va tinh thdi sir ciia nd Dd la tdn trgng quy luat khach quan, tdn trgng dan, dan la gdc Ndi ve tinh cam va niem tin cua dan ddi vdi Dang, cd Tdng Bi thu Trudng - Chinh nhan manh, mdi khi Dang vap phai khuyet diem sai lam, gap khd khan, nhan dan van mdt Idng kien nhan chd dgi Dang sira chira, ra quyet sach mdi dung dan de dua each mang tien len
Do dd Dang va mgi can bd dang vien phai neu eao tinh than trach nhiem cao ca trudc dan, lam het siic minh de xiing dang vdi dan, khdng phu Idng tin ciia dan ddi vdi Dang Tinh than va thai do tu phe phan nghiem khac va thanh that dd dugc Dang neu cdng khai tai dien dan Dai hdi da gay xuc ddng va tin tudng ldn cho nhan dan, cho toan dan tdc
Day la khai ddu cho ddi mdi tu duy, ddi mdi
phong each lanh dao cua Dang thdi ky ddi mdi
Ciing nen nhd lai tinh hinh va su kien da xay
ra d ben them ddi mdi va nhung nam diu gian nan, sdng gid khi ddi mdi chi vira mdi bat diu
Dd la lam phat phi ma 3 con sd, san xuat dinh ddn, luu thdng phan phdi ach tac, tdng dieu ehinh gia - luong - tien nam 1985 da lam rdi loan kinh te, ddi sdng nhan dan giam sut nghiem trgng Vao liie dd, nen kinh te nudc ta
da dung ben bd vuc tham cua sir sup dd, nhu mdt nhan dinh da dang tren bao Dang hdi dd ciia Vd Tir Thanh Chinh ddi mdi la quyet saeh kip thdi ciiu cho dat nudc ra khdi khimg hoang
Trang 4OIEN OAN TU'TU'O'NG - LY LUAN
Vdi ddi mod, bit diu tir ddi mdi tu duy,
nhit la tu duy kinh tl Dang ta da neu eao mgt
tu tudng chiln luge, tap trung mgi nd lire gidi
phdng sice sdn xuat, gidi phong mgi tiem ndng
ciia xd hgi, bing each phat trien san xuat hang
hda, kinh te hang hda nhieu thanh phan, ap
dung eo che thi trudng, ehii trgng lgi ich ca
nhan cua ngudi lao ddng, coi dd la ddng lire
true tilp ciia phat trien kinh te va thuc hien lgi
Ich xa hdi, vdi dot pha tir khoan trong ndng
nghiep, tdi hd ndng dan Ciing vdi giai phap
kinh te dd Dang ta chu truong thuc hien ddn
chii hda todn dien cdc linh vuc cua den song,
ehii trgng ddi mdi d hai lmh vuc trgng yeu la
ddi mdi kinh te va ddi mdi he thdng chinh tri
Dan chii hda kinh te va dan chii hda ehinh tri
la siic manh kinh te va chinh tri de dan chii
hda ddi sdng tinh than xa hgi, dam bao tu do
tu tudng, giai phdng y thiic xa hdi
Nhd dd ma xa hdi nhanh chdng ehuyen
trang thai tir tri tre sang nang ddng, tir thu
ddng chd bao cap ciia Nha nudc va vien trg
nudc ngoai sang chii ddng tu eiiu lay minh, tu
tdn tai va dimg vung trong phat trien
Chii truong xda bd triet de co che tap trung
quan lieu bao cap va phuang thirc phan phdi
binh quan, ap dung eo che thi trudng, sir dung
ke hoach nha nudc tu vl md de dieu tiet nham
giii vung dam bao chinh tri cho phat trien kinh
te di dimg dinh hudng xa hdi chu nghia da cd
tae dung nhanh ehdng bdi nd thao bd eae lire
can trdi budc va kim ham phat trien tir bay lau
nay Tir chd trien mien thieu luong thuc thue
pham va hang tieu diing ma thue ra la thira
thieu gia tao do thi trudng trong nudc khdng
phat triln, nudc ta budc vao ddi mdi da nhanh chdng trd thanh mdt trong nhiing nudc xuat khiu gao hang dau tren the gidi Cd the ndi, nhiing quyet sach dd da nhanh chdng di vao cuge sdng, phii hgp vdi thuc tien, dugc cupc
song chip nhan Ve mat ly luan, day la su thay doi quan niem phdt trien, thay ddi md hinh phdt trien, phuong thirc phdt trien Nhan thire ly lugn m&i ve ehii nghia xd hdi hinh
thanh tir dd Va, nhu thuc te da cho thay, han
20 nam doi mdi, nhan thirc ly luan ve chu nghia xa hdi va con dudng di len chu nghia xa
hdi d nude ta da timg budc sang td ca dinh huang va dinh hinh trong dieu kien qua do bo
qua che do tu ban chii nghia eiing nhu trong bdi canh mdi cua the gidi va thdi dai
Dd la bieu hien ndi bat ve trinh do tu duy ly luan va sir trudng thanh ve ly luan ciia Dang Mdt tinh hudng vd eiing phiic tap va khd khan ddi vdi Dang ta khi mdi budc vao ddi mdi la sir dd vd ddng loat the che xa hdi ehu nghia tir Lien Xd tdi Ddng Au Cae Dang Cdng san d vimg dia chinh tri quan trgng nay mat vai trd cam quyen, he thdng xa hdi ehu nghia the gidi tan ra, each mang lam vao thoai trao, lich sir d mdt budc re ngoat, mdt khuc quanh phiic tap chua timg thay Dd la ket cue cua khiing hoang
md hinh chu nghia xa hdi hien thuc Xd Viet da khdng giai quyet dugc Cai td lai pham nhirng sai lam ehinh tri, mat phuong hudng, eac the lire de qudc chii nghia va ehdng Cdng thuc hien am muu tham ddc chdng ehii nghia xa hpi tir lau, da ap dung ehien luge "dien bien hda binh", chuyen vao trong ndi bd eac nudc xa hpi chu nghia thanh tu "dien bien hda binh"
Trang 5D I I N O A N T U ' T U ' O N G - L Y L U A N
Chung da thanh cdng vdi kich ban ay tai Lien
Xd va Ddng Au Sau dd, each mang Viet Nam
trd thanh trgng diem phan kich cua chimg Vao
liic dd, cuge khimg hoang kinh te - xa hdi d
nudc ta dang rat gay gat, ta lai mat het thi
trudng va cac ban hang truyen thdng, ciing
khdng cdn cdc khoan vien trg khdng hoan lgi
rdt lan cua qudc te tir bay lau nay Tinh hudng
ay dat Dang ta va nhan dan ta trudc sir lira
chgn: Tdn tai hay khdng tdn tai?
Chinh ddi mdi da giiip cho Dang va nhan
dan ta vLr0 thoat va thoat hiem
Dang ta da nhd kmh nghiem tich liiy trong
lich sir chien tranh chdng chu nghia de qudc,
chii nghia thuc dan cii va mdi ma dan day
kinh nghiem, dugc tdi luyen ve ban linh chinh
tri nen da giir viing nguyen tdc vd phuang
hudng chinh tri, khdng pham vao sai lam tu
sat nhu Lenin ndi, nhu da xay ra trong cai td d
Lien Xd, Ddng Au
Ddi mdi d Viet Nam la sir ddn kip thdi co,
van hdi phat trien va vugt qua thach thire
nghiet nga tren con dudng phat trien Dudng
ldi ddi mdi nhanh chdng di vao eugc sdng, bat
gap nhanh chdng giira tu tudng, dudng ldi cua
Dang vdi y nguyen, mong dgi tir lau ciia dan
chiing, tao nen thdng nhat nhan thiic, thdng
nhat hanh ddng, tir Dang den dan, di vao mgi
nganh, mgi cap, mgi dia phuong va co sd, den
mgi nha, mgi ngudi Siic manh cd ket, ddng
thuan dd da tao nen budc phat trien nhanh
chdng va thanh tuu to ldn ciia ddi mdi Trong
hoan canh khd khan, phirc tap cua tinh hinh
qudc tl, thi gidi va trong nudc Dang da xac
dinh dudng ldi ddi mdn cd nguyen tdc, kien tri
ly tudng, mue tieu ddc lap dan tdc va chii nghia xa hdi, kien dinh sir lira chgn con dudng phat trien xa hdi ehu nghia, trung thanh va phat trien sang tao chu nghia Mae - Lenin va
tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, giu viing vai trd lanh dao va dia vi cam quyen cua Dang, ciing cd mdi lien he mat thiet giira Dang, Nha nudc vdi nhan dan, phat huy siic manh dai doan ket toan dan tdc, coi dd la nhan td quyet dinh thang lgi Dudng ldi dd cdn dinh rd, doan tuyet vdi md hinh cii, xda bd co che cii, tim tdi xac lap md hinh mdi, di vao kinh te thi trudng, tdn trgng quy luat gia tri, quy luat canh tranh, quy luat thi trudng, ket hgp tang trudng kinh te vdi cdng bang xa hdi, thuc hien muc tieu ddi mdi dan giau, nudc manh, xa hdi cdng bang, dan chii, van minh, lay con ngudi lam muc tieu va ddng lire phat trien, vi eugc sdng va hanh phiic ciia dan Dinh hudng diing dan dd vira hgp quy luat khach quan lai thuan Idng dan nen dan img hd
Vdi ddi mdi Dang ta ciing chuyen tir quan niem phat trien don tuyen, tuyen tinh, thudng ehi trong mdt he thdng (xa hdi chu nghia), lai khep kin, ddng cira sang md cira, hgp tac, canh tranh, chu ddng tich cue hgi nhap qudc te, pha dugc the bao vay, cam van Hgc tap va van dung tu tudng Hd Chi Minh "them ban bdt thii" Dang ta thuc hanh dudng ldi ddi ngoai va chinh sach ngoai giao than thien, cdi md, hgp tac song phuong, da phuang, lam ban vdi tat ca cae nudc, khai thae ndi lire, khai thdng ngoai luc hudng vao phat trien va phat trien ben viing Quyet saeh
dd phii hgp vdi the gidi va thdi dai Diing
Trang 6DIEN OAN TU'TU'ONG - LY LUAN
quy lugt, thuan Idng ddn, hgp thdi dgi - dd la
net dae trung trong tu tudng Hd Chi Minh
dugc Dang ta van dung
Dang ta ciing da giai quyet thanh cdng ve
buac di trong ddi mdi Dd la ddi mdi kinh te
la trgng tam, la trudc het va chii yeu, ddi mdi
chinh tri, he thdng chinh tri than trgng, timg
budc, tren co sd ddi mdi kinh te cd hieu qua,
timg budc cai thien ddi sdng nhan dan Chi
nhu vay mdi cd the lam tang sire thuyet phue
xa hdi va su hau thuan ciia dan khi bude vao
ddi mdi ehinh tri Day la van de rat phiie tap,
thudng do vd, khdng may nudc thanh cdng
Vi the ddi mdi ehinh tri va he thdng chinh tri
phai rat than trgng va Dang ta da bude dau
giai quyet thanh cdng 0 giai doan sau, khi
kinh te thi trudng d nude ta budc vao dinh
hinh, thdnh mdt nen kinh te, lai hudng tdi kinh
te tri thirc va nude ta da chu ddng, tich cue hgi
nhap qudc te, ddi mdi kinh te va ddi mdi he
thdng chinh tri phai nang tdd mdt trinh do cao
hon, cd hieu qua rd ret hon, do dd can phai
ddng bd, chii trgng eai each the ehe, xay dung
Nha nudc phap quyen, day manh dan chii hda
xa hgi, nhat la thuc hanh dan chu trong Dang
de thiic day thuc hanh dan chii trong xa hdi,
xay dung nen hanh chinh cdng minh bach,
thdng thoang de thu hiit eac nha dau tu nudc
ngoai va phuc vu nhu cau xa hdi ciia dan
ehiing, thuc hien va phat huy quyen lam ehii
cLia nhan dan
Trong viee xir ly cac mdi quan he trong ddi
mdi Dang ta da quan tam tdng ket thue tien,
tir thue tien ma lam sang td ly luan ve nhiing
mdi quan he ban chat:
- Quan he giira dn dinh vdi ddi mdi va phat
trien, lay dn dinh ehinh tri tich cue lam tien de
va dieu kien de thiic day ddi mdi, thuc hien mue tieu phat trien ben viing
- Quan he ddi mdi kinh te vdi ddi mdi he thdng chinh tri, phat trien kinh te thi trudng dinh hudng xa hdi chii nghia va xay dung nen dan chii xa hdi ehu nghia
- Quan he giiia tdc do tang trudng va chat lugng phat trien, ket hgp tang trudng kinh te vdi thuc hien cdng bang xa hdi trong timg budc di, trong timg ehinh sach
- Quan he giiia xay dung va bao ve Td qudc, tang cudng tiem lire qudc phdng va giir vung chii quyen, an ninh qudc gia
- Quan he giira siic manh dan tdc vdi siic manh thdi dai
- Quan he giiia phat trien kinh te la trung tam, xay dung Dang la then chdt vdi phat trien van hda la nen tang tinh than ciia xa hdi
- Quan he giira Dang lanh dao, Nha nudc quan ly va nhan dan lam chu
Nhd giai quyet diing dan eac van de ly luan
va thue tien ddi mdi ma qua 1/4 the ky, chiing
ta da tao lap chinh tri dn dinh, kinh te tdng trudng, xd hgi timg budc dgt dugc cdng bdng, ddn toe doan kit vd dong thuan huong ten phdt trien Dd la mdt thanh cdng to ldn, td ro
sir trudng thanh ve nang lire lanh dao va cam quyen ciia Dang
2 Dan chu hda trong Dang va trong xa hoi - Thanh tyu va nhihig van de dang dat ra
Qua trinh ddi mdi tu duy, giai phdng tu tudng, y thiic xa hdi, cd vii tinh than tdn trgng sir that, ndi rd sir that, danh gia dung sir that la
Trang 7OIEN O A N T U ' T U ' O ' N G - L Y LUAN
mdt minh chimg rd ret ve chuyen ddng tieh
cue ciia dan chu Nhd dd, con ngudi, tir can
bd dang vien edng chiic den ngudi dan deu ed
quyen ndi rd sir that, bay td quan diem, chinh
kien eiia minh, bay td thai do phe phan vdi
nhiing sai trai, bat cdng, nhiing hanh vi cd y
lam trai, ddc doan chuyen quyen, quan lieu
hach dich xa dan, nhiing nhieu gay phien ha
cho dan, lgi dung va lam dung chiic quyen de
tham nhiing, gay hai cho dan, cho Dang va
eho Nha nudc Du luan xa hdi tich cue eiing
hinh thanh va md rdng, tao ap lire ddi vdi
nhiing vi pham dan chii, ca nhirng hanh vi lgi
dung dan chii, quyen tu do dan chu de thuc
hien nhirng y do xau pha hoai sir nghiep ddi
mdi bang each gay rdi loan, mat dn dinh Nha
nudc do Dang lanh dao da khdng ngimg cd
nhiing chinh ddn va cai each, bd sung, phat
trien va hoan thien the ehe luat phap, ban hanh
nhieu dao luat mdi can ap dung trong nen
kinh te thi trudng, vi muc dich bao ve quyen
va lgi ich hgp phap ciia edng dan
Cac vu an dugc xet xir edng khai va
nghiem tri nhimg hanh vi pham tdi, thuc hien
nguyen tac mgi cdng dan deu binh dang trudc
phap luat Xet xir diing ngudi, dung tdi, trimg
tri theo diing luat phap, khdng cd phan biet
ddi xir Dd ciing la mdt budc tien ciia dan chii
hda ca trong lap phap, hanh phap va tu phap
Quan ly nha nude theo luat, dd la ddi hdi
tat ylu, duong nhien ciia nha nude phap
quyln Dang ta lai nhan manh dan ehu trong
he muc tieu ciia ddi mdi, trong xay dung nha
nudc phap quyen, xa hdi dan chii, ddi mdi he
thdng chinh tri dl xay dung va phat trien nin
dan chu xa hdi chu nghia, dam bao thuc chat quyen lam chu cua nhan dan
Viec xda bd co che tap trung quan lieu, phuang thirc binh quan trong phan phdi va bao cap de chuyen sang co che thi trudng canh tranh trong nen kinh te thi trudng la mdt bude tien rat can ban tren con dudng dan chii hda xa hdi Nhd dd, vdi sire manh ciia dan chii hda va lire day cua kinh te thi trudng, viec tao
ra CO hdi phat trien cho tat ca mgi ngudi, hinh
thanh nhan thire cdng bdng ve ca hdi phdt trien, cdng bdng cho mgi ngicdi la mdt phat
trien ly luan quan trgng ve dan ehii, tu do, cdng bang va binh dang d nudc ta
Nhd phat trien manh me kinh te thi trudng, khuyen khich lam giau hgp phap, thira nhan sir tdn tai binh dang mgi thanh phan kinh te,
thuc hien nguyen tac ddi vdi mgi cdng ddn
"dugc phep lam tat ca nhung gi ma phap luat
khdng cam", va vdi cdng chirc "dugc lam nhimg gi ma luat phap cho phep", ngay ddng vien Dang ciing eho phep lam kinh te tu
nhan ma xa hdi da cd nhiing budc chuyen khac xa so vdi thdi ky trude ddi mdi Day la nhirng budc chuyen tich cue, phii hgp vdi phat trien, la ket qua ciia dan chu hda, nhat la dan chu hda kinh te va chinh tri Trong bau khdng khi cdi md, mdi trudng xa hdi dan chii,
ai ai ciing nhan dugc tir xa hdi nhimg co hdi phat trien nhu nhau
Viec thao luan tranh luan tu do dan chii, biet lang nghe, biet tdn trgng va chap nhan nhirng y kien khae biet, mien la khdng di ngugc lai lgi ich chung cua xa hdi, khdng vi pham hien phap, phap luat, khdng phai la hanh vi chdng ehl
Trang 8OI^NOANTU'TU'O'NG-LY LUAN
do diu duge khuyin khich Nhd dd, su phat
triln tich cue va lanh manh trong nghien eiiu ly
luan va khoa hgc ndi chung da gdp phan nang
eao tilm lire tu tudng, tri tue ciia Dang, nang
cao nhan thiic xa hdi, tao duge sir thdng nhat
nhan thiic va hanh ddng cua xa hdi nhd dan chu,
doan ket va ddng thuan
Mdt trong nhirng thanh tuu quan trgng cua
qua trinh van ddng dan chii hda xa hdi va thuc
hien dan chii d nudc ta trong ddi mdi la viec
Dang ra chi thi, Qudc hdi ra Nghi quyet va
Chinh phu ban hanh Quy ehe thuc hien dan
chu d CO sd, nhat la d ndng thdn (xa), tir nam
1998 Gan day, Qudc hdi ban hanh phap lenh
dan ehii eo sd (2007) lam tang hieu lire phap
ly cua quy che Hdi nghi Trung uong 3 (Khda
X) da ra Nghi quyet ve phdng, chdng tham
nhiing Qudc hdi da ban hanh Lugt chdng
tham nhiing thay cho phap lenh xir ly tham
nhiing trudc day
Van de kiem tra, giam sat dugc de cao
ciing vdi phan bien xa hdi, nang cao vai trd
ciia Mat tran Td qudc Viet Nam va eae doan
the trong he thdng chinh tri trong viec thuc
hien nhiem vu quan trgng nay, dam bao cho
mgi hoat ddng cua Dang, Nha nude va he
thdng chinh tri di dung quy dao phap luat, hgp
hien, hgp phdp, nang cao y thirc trach nhiem
trgng ddn, trgng phdp trong ddi ngii can bd
dang vien va edng chiie, d tit ca cac cap tir
Trung uong tdd dia phuang va co sd Thue
hien nhung nghi quyet, chi thi va dao luat
quan trgng dd chinh la timg budc xay dung xa
hdi ta thanh mdt xa hdi dan chii, nang cao dia
vi va nang lire lam ehu ciia ngudi dan
Dan chu hda xa hdi da cd nhirng bude tiln thuc tien rd ret, ciing vdi dieu dd la viec thuc hien dan chii hda trong Dang, thuc hanh dan chii trong Dang, de eao trach nhiem cua Dang vien, cua cap uy, nhat la ngudi diing dau cap
uy Ddi mdi ndi dung va phuong thiic lanh dao cua Dang, Dang ta da chii trgng phan dinh
rd tham quyen va trach nhiem giiia Dang vdi Nha nudc, thuc hien chi dan cua Hd Chi Minh
vl dan chii tap trung (hay tap trung dan chii),
dl cao tu phe binh va phe bmh, xay dung
phuong phdp lanh dao ddn ehu, phong cdch ddn chii trong Ddng, trong thao luan, tranh
luan, trong td chiic thuc hien nghi quyet ciia Dang, chii trgng kiem tra, giam sat tir dudi len, tir tren xudng, chu trgng giao due y thirc
td chiic ky luat, chap hanh dieu le Dang va phap luat Nha nude, ehii trgng hgc tap va lam theo tim guong dao diic Hd Chi Minh trong toan Dang va trong xa hdi, chii trgng tinh tien phong guong mau cua can bd dang vien Siie chien diu va nang lire lanh dao cua Dang nhd cd dan chu ma duge tang cudng, dd la mpt dam bao quan trgng de thdng nhit nhan thirc, y chi va hanh ddng trong Dang, dam bao cho Dang thuc hien vai trd lanh dao, cam quyen trong xa hgi Thanh tuu dd can phai dugc eung cd va phat huy Mac dii vay, nhiing yeu kem, han ehe ve dan chu hda, thuc hien dan ehu trong
xa hdi va trong Dang cdn khdng it, can phai dugc nhanh ehdng khac phuc
Chinh nhiing han che, yeu kem nay da han che thanh tuu va budc tien cua ddi mdi, ciia phat trien d nudc ta ma trach nhiem trude het thugc ve Dang
Trang 9DliN O A N TLF TU'O'NG - LY LUAN
Cd nhiing van de gi dang dat ra?
Thir nhdt, tinh trang vi pham dan chu va
quyen lam chii cua dan, nhdt Id a ca sd, dac
biet d CO sd ndng thdn cdn nang nl
Nd lien quan tdi viec thuc hien khdng
nghiem tiic quy che, phap lenh dan chu co sd,
nhat la d nhirng noi ma td chiic Dang, chinh
quyen va he thdng chinh tri co sd yeu kem,
reu ra, mat siic chien dau, uy tin va anh hudng
ciia Dang trong dan thap, do khdng it can bd,
dang vien thgai hda bien chat
Thir hai, dan chii hinh thirc ciing cdn kha
phd bien d nhieu noi, ngay ca trong eac co
quan khoa hge, cac co quan tu van, tham
muu cho Dang Ciing vdi dan chii hinh
thiic cdn la nhirng bieu hien cue bd, dia
phuong chu nghia, be phai, mat doan ket
lam giam siic chien dau, tinh thdng nhat
trong y chi va hanh ddng Thdi tu do vd
chinh phii, long quyen, lam quyen van chua
dugc khac phuc
Thir ba, kiem tra giam sat khdng thudng
xuyen, cdn nang ve hinh thiic, xir ly khdng
nghiem khac va nghiem minh lam han che tac
dung, thieu siic thuyet phuc ddi vdi quan
chiing va xa hdi
Thir tu, che do trach nhiem khdng rd rang,
thieu cac ehe tai xir ly nen tinh trang tieu cue
cham va khd duge khae phue, de roi vao chu
nghia hmh thirc, lam suy yeu Dang
Thir nam, chat lugng can bd edn nhieu han
che bat cap so vdi yeu cau Cdng tac td chiie
va can bd van la khau yeu kem keo dai Chinh
sach can bg eham ddi mdi, chua hoan thien,
chua dii manh de tao ddng lire nang cao ve
can ban chat lugng, hieu qua cdng tac, thu hiit nhan tai cho Dang, Nha nudc va xa hdi
Thir sdu, y thiic dan chii, y thiic phap luat
va nang lire thuc hanh dan chii trong quan chiing cdn nhieu ban che, thdi quen tap quan lac hau, tiiy tien, xem nhe va coi thudng phap luat van cdn kha phd bien Dd la mdt lire can rat nang ne ddi vdi dan chii va dan chii hda
De tiep tuc ddi mdi, dua sir nghiep ddi mdi vao chieu sau, can phai khac phuc nhiing han che yeu kem ndi tren
Trudc tinh hinh dd cd the thue hien nhung giai phap cap bach de thiic day dan chu hda va thuc hanh dan chu trong Dang va trong xa hdi Ddla:
- Nhung chuyen ddng dan chii d cac co quan lanh dao, quan ly, nhat la ddi vdi eac can bd chu chdt cd y nghia quan trgng ddi vdi ea tien trinh dan ehii Do dd phai dac biet quan tam thuc hanh dan chii trong cac co quan cd tim quan trgng chien luge nay, dac biet d cae cap chien luge, d ddi ngii can bd chien luge, chu chdt Can phai dam bao tu do thao luan tranh luan, tim tdi chan ly, lang nghe va tdn trgng cac y kien khae biet vdi tinh than van hda dan chii, van hda khoan dung, lam sau sac cae luan cii, can nhac cae kha nang^.hinh dung rd eac he qua de cd du sang sudt tri tue, dan chii
va trach nhiem xa hdi khi ra eac quyet dinh
- Cu the hda ndi dung, quy tic, phuong phap giai quyet va cae dieu kien dam bao cho dan chii lanh manh thue chat, xung quanh van de tap trung dan chu trong Dang, trong Nha nudc, trong he thdng ehinh tri Dd la quan he giira dan chii va tap trung Lam rd nhiing chuan muc thuc
Trang 10DIEN OANTU'TU'ONG-LY LUAN
hien va xir ly Tap trung la dieu kien, la phuang
thire cua dan chii, edn dan chii la muc dich, la
dam bao cho tap trung khdng rod vao tap trung
quan lieu, ddc doan chuyen quyen, ciing nhu
dan chii khdng rod vao hinh thiic
- Luat hda, the ehe hda mdi quan he
Dang lanh dao, Nha nudc quan ly va nhan
dan lam chii
- Xiet chat ky luat, ky cuong, luat phap, xir
ly nghiem minh eac vi pham, sai pham De
cao trach nhiem, che do trach nhiem, bdn
phan, nghia vu, nhat la vdi cac can bd lanh
dao, quan ly cac cap Dieu le Dang la bd luat
tdi cao ciia toan Dang, mgi dang vien phai
thuc hien nghiem chinh, khdng cd ngoai le
- Thi hanh ky luat Dang phai nghiem khae,
nghiem minh hon nira de neu cao tac dung giao
due trong Dang va neu guong trong xa hdi
Dd la nhiing van de birc xuc can giai quyet,
lam cho Dang trong sach, viing manh, ximg
dang la mdt Dang lanh dao va cam quyen
QUAN DIEM CUA HO CHI MINH
(Tiep theo trang 30)
trong sach, viing manh, dap iing nhu cau phat trien eiia dan tdc ta va nguyen vgng eiia nhan dan ta Cu the, phai nang cao ban linh chinh tri va trinh do tri tue ciia Dang; kien toan va ddi mdi boat ddng ciia td chiic
CO sd dang, nang cao chat lugng ddi ngii dang vien; thuc hien nghiem tiic nguyen tac tap trung dan chii trong Dang, tang cudng quan he gin bd giira Dang vdi nhan dan, nang cao chat lugng va hieu qua cdng tac kiem tra, giam sat; ddi mdi td chiic, bd may
va cdng tac can bd; ddi mdi phuong thiic lanh dao cua Dang Dac biet, trong nhiing nam tdi, chiing ta phai danh nhieu cdng siic tao dugc chuyen bien rd ret ve xay dung Dang, phat huy truyen thdng each mang, ban chat giai cap cdng nhan va tinh tien phong ciia Dang; xay dung Dang thue sir trong sach, viing manh ca ve ehinh tri, tu tudng va td chiic, doan ket nhat tri cao, gan
bd mat thiet vdi nhan dan, ed phuong thiic lanh dao khoa hgc, cd ddi ngii can bd, dang vien dii pham chat va nang lire Day la nhiem vu then chdt, cd y nghia sdng cdn ddi vdi Dang va sir nghiep each mang ciia nhan dan ta
Trong dieu kien hien nay, de hoan thanh
nhiem vu each mang ve vang, giir vOng, \.Hd<Chi Minh Todn tap, C1:QG,W,200Q,
tang cudng sir lanh dao ciia Dang Cdng san T.l, tr.28
Viet Nam, cin rilp tuc tap trung lam tdt cae 2,4,5,6,7,8 Sdd, T.2, tr.267, 267-268, 280,
cdng tac quan trgng da dugc Dai hdi X ciia 268, 268, 260
Dang neu ra, nham tiep tuc ddi mdi, chinh 3 Sdd, T.3, tr.35
ddn Dang, nang cao nang lire va siic chiln 9 Sdd, T.5, tr.550
diu ciia Dang, xay dung Dang thuc sir 10.5'^c?,T.12,tr.557-558