0 My, ngirdi ta nhim manh den viin de IcTi ich, dae biet Igi ich song trung (vai trd Nhii nude ket hgp chiit che vdi vai trd Igi ich). Ciit nghTa ciic yeu td diin den thanh cdng d My[r]
Trang 1QUAN HE VIET NAM - CHAU AU
TH^NM CONG TCT MQT CHUYEN KH^O S6T TJM HIEU
VAN HOA AU — MY TAI HO A KY
PGS.TS Dinh Cong Tuan
Vieu Nghien ciiu Chdu A u
Muc tieu ciia chuyen khiio sat
De tri(;n khai ndi dung chuo'ng trinh de
tai cap Nhii nudc: "Xiiy dung con ngudi va
phat trien x'lin boa Viet Nam trong tien trinh
ddi mdi vii hdi nhiip qudc le" mil sd
KX.03/06-10 mim 2009, Ban chu nhiem dl
Uii cap Nhii nude KX.03.09/06-10: "Anh
hucrng cua xHn hoii 'Lii}' Au - Bac My ddi vdi
the gidi x'ii Viet Nam trong qua trinh toim
ciiu boil" dli td chire chuyen khiio sat tai Hoa
Ky tir ngiiy 14-6 din 28-6-2009 Tham gia
doim khao sat gdm hai ca quan lii trudng Dai
hgc Khoa hge xii hdi vii Nhiin viin thudc Dai
hgc Qudc gia Hii Ndi (ca quan chu tri de tai)
va Vien Nghien ciru Chau Au (ca quan ddng
tham gia de tai), bao gdm 4 nha khoa hgc:
1 PGS.TS Vu Diic Nghieu, Phd hieu
tru'dng trudng Dai hgc Khoa hgc Xii hdi va
Nhiin xiin Trudng doan
2 'LSKH Luong Vim Ke Chu nhiem be)
mdn Cluiu Au hgc eua trucrng Chii nhiem de
tiii
3 PGS.TS Dinh Cdng Tuiin, Phd Tdng bien tap Tap chi Nghien eiru Chau Au Vien Nghien ciru Chiiu Au, thiinh vien
4 TS Triin Viin La, Phd trudng phdng Quan Iy khoa hgc nhii tnrdng thanh vien Mue dich ciia chuyen khao siit nhiun: 1) Kiem nghiem va cung cd nhan thirc khoa hgc
ve diie trung va biin sac van hoii My, so siinh viin boa Au - My; 2) Danh giii nhirng uu the vii sue manh ndi tai cung nhu nhtrng thach thiic ciia van hoa My trong dieu kien ngiiy nay; 3) Tim hieu ndi dung chinh sach x'cin hoa My, vai trd ciia cdng cu van boa trong chinh sach ddi ngoai ciia Hoa Ky, mdi quan
he gitra viin boii, chinh trj, kinh te; 4) Dua ra ciic khuyen ngbi tir gdc nhin Viet Nam ve giiii phiip thuc day giao luu viin hoa My -Viet Nam nham tiing cudng su hieu biet lan nhau, phat trien quan he hgp tiic toim dien sau siic vii ben vung gitra hai nudc vi lgi ich chung ciia hai dan tdc
Dc thirc hien tdt nhtrng muc tieu ciia chuyen khao siit, mc)t mat doim ciic nhii khoa hge Viet Nam dii dir thao ehi tilt xii cu the
Trang 2'ihiinh coin/ lii mot chin/en Ulido siil
ehucrng trinh Lim viee, miit khiie doiin dii lien - Trong hudi ldm vice ddu lien ngii}
he mill thiet nhip nhimg va xin y kien tham 16/06/2009 doim da dugc Dai sir Le Cdng gia ddng gdp vl ehucrng trinh liim viec cua Phung Phd dai sir Ngu}'en 'Lien Minh Tham doim X'di Dai sir quan Viet Nam tai lan Chinh trj Hoiing Anh Tuan Truang Washington D.C vdi Phiii doan Viet Nam tai pho"!^ phy I'^cb cdng Uie Viet kieu Trim Lien hgp quoc cd tru sd dat tai Nevx' York Trung vii Bi thu thu 2 Pham Quang Tung Kit qua la cac chuang trinh liim viec cua ^iep ddn xii gidi thieu tinh binh boat dc)ng xii doim tai Hoa Ky da duge Dai sir quim va '^"^ ^'^^^ ^^'^ ^ ^ ' ^u' quiin Viet Nam tai
phai doim ta d Ucn hgp qucic s^p xip khoa Washington D.C gidi thieu x'l quii trinh hinh
hgc, rd rimg, cu thi vii cd sir giup dd rSt nhiet ^^anh va phat trien kinh tl - vim hoii - xa hdi , , I- I I • u J- ' Hoa K-v' hoat ddny eua bii con Viet kic:u d tinh va chu dao danh cho cac hoat dgng cua
v- , , , i , , , , , , , , v- nude My hien nav xii mdi quan he ultra hai doan, gop phan khong nho eho su thanh cong ^
cita doim tai Hoa Ky Nhii nude Vict Nam vii Hoa Kv
Chu'ong trinh va ncri dung chuyen
khiio Slit
Ciic y kien phiit bieu deu xoay quanh qua trinh hinh thimh vii xiiy dirng nuc'rc My trcr nen himg manh nbu ngiiy nay Nuc're My 'lheo chuong trinh liun viee, doim dii ^^o gom rat nhilu dim tde hcrp thimh edn ggi kim viec tir 15 - 28/06/2009 tai 3 thimh phd: la Hcrp ehung quoc Hoa Ky Cdng dong Washington DC (tir 15 - 20/06) New York ngudi Viet ed khoang 1.6 trieu ngudi hien (21 - 23/06) vii Los Angeles (24 - 28/06) nay dang sinh song tai Hoa Ky trai qua 3, 4
Ndi dung kbiio Slit bao gdm: 1) Trao ^'^^ '^^ ^^ ^''' ^'^^'"'^ ""^'^ '^'^^"- ^" '''^'^- ""' ''^^
dcii toa diim vdi ciic giiio sir die nhii khoa '"^"'^ '^^^ '^^'^ ^^^ "^'"^ "^'>'- " ' ^ " "^'y- "^^''^^
Viet cd mdt nghi sT lien bang, tieng ndi ed the lire, dang tieh cue tham gia viio chinh trudng My Ngudi Viet d My cd vai trd riit Idn, thire su liim chii dat nudc, nit khiic vdi cdng ddng ngirdi Viet d chiiu Au, bj phim biet ddi xir Hien nay trong ehinh phu cua Tdng thdng Obama, biit dim ke tir Tdng thdng Li eon lai (the he thir hai) ngoiii ra edn nil nhieu bd trudng gdc Lrung Qude chim '\ Mehied, My Latinh chim Phi
igc nhii biio Mv tai cite trucrng dai hoc, Bd
Ngoai giao tru sd Lien hgp qudc 2) Tham
quan biio tang, ciic ca sd x'ii trung tiim chinh
tri vim hoa ndi tieng d My 3) Trao ddi vdi
ciic Clin bd phu tnieb ve chinh tri, vim boa, xa
hgi lai Dai sir quiin vii tai tru sd phiii doiin
Vict Nam d Lien hgp qude 4) Giip gd, toa
diim X'di die tri thire Viet kieu d Nexv York
vii LosAngeles x'c HCMI xim boii xii quii trinh
hoa nhap cua Viet kieu xiio ddi sdng vim hoii
- x a h d l M v Nhin be ngoiii, xii hdi My nit da dang
diin nhiip eu nhieu 'Lir khi liip iiiicre My clu
Trang 382 NGHIEN COU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°7 (106).2009
cd 5 trieu ngirdi dan diin dan nhap cu den
nhieu nhung khdng pha bdng nude My
nudc My van giir virng tinh than
Anglo-Saxon, tinh thiin tdi thugng luat phap binh
dang phat huy mgi kha niing diit dimg sd
tru'dng xa hdi hoii nhap Mgi ngirdi diin
khap the gidi nhap cu den nudc My deu cd
tinh than xa thiin vi nudc My can cii quyet
chi liun giiiu tdn trgng luat phiip, dugc
hudng tu do, diin chii - binh dang, cimg nhau
xay dung diit nudc hiing cudng Mac dii la
nhtrng chung tdc khac nhau nhung ngudi
dan My x'iin yeu nudc cudng nhiet mang chu
nghTa yeu nude My di ra khap the} gidi, tao
thimh chii nghTa My, chii nghTa ba quyen My
(ngudi linh My di dimh {hue cd khoang 1/5
vi Iy tudng, 3/4 vi nghTa x'li, vi tien sd cdn
lai X'i thiu nghiep chim cuc)c sdng gia dinh
budn te ) 0 My, ngirdi ta nhim manh den
viin de IcTi ich, dae biet Igi ich song trung
(vai trd Nhii nude ket hgp chiit che vdi vai
trd Igi ich) Ciit nghTa ciic yeu td diin den
thanh cdng d My dd Li ket hgp cac yeu td
sau: Tinh than tdn trgng luiit phap; Dugc tu
do phat huy mgi kha niing ban thiin, quyet
chi viran len lam giau de cd x'at chat cao; Xa
hdi hoa ddng ddng thuan cao va cd su lanh
dao tai tinh qua cac ddi Long thdng Vi
vay, ngudi dan My tu hao la cudng qudc, hg
ndi Ien clui nghTa dan tdc My, giin ket My
hudng tdi tuang lai thinh vugng, mgi ngudi
diin deu muu eiiu tu do, muu cau giau sang
- Budi ldm vice ihirc hui chieu ngiiy
16-06-2007, doim dii ducre hai giao su ciia Cue
Van had va Trao ddi Bd Ngoai giao My tiep ddn X'a tham gia toa dam khoa hgc Doan dii dua ra hang loat cac cau hoi nham tim hieu xiin boa My anh huang ciia xiin boa My den Viet Nam sir hgp tac giao luu vim boa giao due My -Viet cho hai giiio su My William A Bate va G Hight
Vdi tinh thiin cdi md, hai dng da gidi thieu nhtrng net ca ban ve vim hoii My: Cue Viin hoii va Trao ddi My dugc thiinh lap tir niim 1981 theo dao luat Fulbright 8, nham miic tieu timg cudng su hieu biet lan nhau, khdng liim thay ddi van hoii cac nudc ddi tac Van hoa My gim lien vdi dao dire My, siing tao My Trong mdi quan he giua x'iin hoa My
va Viet Nam, trong vdng 4 niim qua, sir trao ddi gitra hai ben riit tich cu'c la "sire manh mem" liun nen tang, tang cudng cho hai ben, chir khdng liun thay ddi hai ben Dieu dd
dugc the hien riit rd ncit d sd sinh vien Viet
Nam sang du hgc tai My ngiiy cang tang, nhanh nhat the gidi, himg niim tiing 30% Llien nay, nhdm cdng tiic giiio due Viet Nam
- Lloa Ky dii dugc thiinh liip vii dii di viio hoat ddng, nhu ciru Dai sir My d Viet Nam Peterson ndi: "Van hoa, giao due chinh la cau ndi cho sir hgp tac gitra hai nu'c7c" Ca hai giao su My deu td ra rat lac quan x'e sir hgp tac van hoii giao due gitra bai ben va ndi Quy Fulbright xiin tiep tuc phat trien td chirc trao ddi cho ciic hgc giii Viet Nam sang
My cdng tiic, nghien ciru va hgc lap Va sir hgp tac van hoa la true tiep gitra ciic trudng dai hge My vdi Viet Nam, ehir khdng phiii
Trang 4'jliiiiili com/ lii mdl chiii/en Ulitio nil 83
qua nhii nude My O My Bd Van boa My
khong dua ra ciie ehinh siieb van hoii My
khdng cd chinh siich vim hoii qudc gia My
khcing lip dill ehinh siieh van boa cua minh
cho ciie nudc
- Budi Idm vii'c thir hu ngay 17/06./2009
Iii buoi Lim vice riit hiip dim vii phong phu x'c
ngi dung cac chii de khoa hgc gitra doim xdi
Dai hgc Johns Hopkins vii Dai bgc
Gcorgctoxvn
Hai giiio sir tiep doim Iii nhung giao su
dii giiing day Iim niim, ed mdi quan he nit gim
gui vdi Viet Nam, dii tirng sang Viet Nam
cong tiie, giimg day tai ciic trudng dai hgc
Do ki giiio sir Fred Broxvn iruirng Dai hge
.lohns Hopkins, dang giimg day bd mdn quan
he qudc te, Ddng Nam A hge xii ntr giiio su
Catherine Dalpino trudng Dai hge
Georgetown dang giimg day bd mdn quan he
quiic te, chinh trj hge vii xim hoii, cimg dii
tirng giiing day chinh trj, vim hoii a Viet
Nam
Hai giiio su My dii cdi mo gic'ri thieu
hien nay trucmg Dai hge lohns Hopkins cd
32 hgc vien cao hgc dang hgc chuong trinh
diu) lao thac sT trong vdng 2 niun Hg dang
kim luim xim ve Ddng Nam A, trong dd cd
mgt nira den tir cac nude Ddng Nam A nhu:
Viet Nam, Singapore, 'Lhiii Lan, Malaixia,
Lhilippin, Indonexia Nhii trudng dii tham
gia ehucrng trinh diio tao thac sT eho Be)
Ngoai giao Bd Qude phdng X'iet Nam.'
Trong hai luim qua ehucrng trinh diio lao
lliiie si eua truoiui dii x li claim diio tao klioaim
50 hgc xien cao hge ebo Viet Nam dien hinh lii die bgc xien Nguyen 'Phi Piim Ngii}en Thi Quy Hoii a thiinh phd Lid Chi Minh Cdn trudng Dai hgc Georgetoxxn lii trudng Thien chiia giao ed nluit nucrc My dii diio tao eiie sinh xien d toim nuc're My xii kluip ciic nuc're tren the gidi Nhii trucmg diio tao die ciip dai hge sau dai hge eho eiie nucrc o' chiiu A diie biet ed ca Viet Nam tren eiie ITnh X ire khoa hge xii hc)i xii nhiin vim
'Lrong phim thao luiin hai giiio su tiip trung tra ldi die eiui hoi ciia ciie nlui khoa hgc Viet Nam nhu: 1) Lie giii tri My lheo eiieh nhin eua ngucTi My? 2) Ly tlui}et mcri trong nghien ciru xim hoii cr My? 3) Sir ddng nhiit X'li kluie biet eua vim hoii My vcri vim boil chim Au? 4) Nhimg kluie biet gitra x'im hoii My X'li x'im hoii Viet Nam? 5) Nhtrng diie diem cua quii trinh hoii nhiip cua ngucri Viet Nam xiio xii hdi My vii diie diC'in xim hoii My lrong tiing Idp thanh thieu nien ngirdi Vict dli sinh ra vii Idn IC-n d My? 6) Anh hucrng qudc te cua x'im hoii My trong dd ed anh hu'dng ddi x'c'ri Viet Nam trucVe vii sau mim 1975? 7) Cac pbuo'ng thire su dung vim hoii trong chinh saeh ddi ngoai My? 8) Khii nimg hgp tiic X'an boa My - Viet de hien dai hoii X'iin hoa Viet Nam dap irng yeu ciiu eua lhdi dai toim ciiu hoa?
d i e nhii khoa hgc My dii ndi: My hi qude gia eua nhtrng ngirdi nhiip eu tir the ky thir 17 de'ii tir ehau Au ngiiy iiii} ki mgi ngudi trC'ii the gidi trong do ed I9",i dim sd
My ki da den den tir eluiu Phi () ho ed net
Trang 584 NGHIEN CQu CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°7 (106).2009
viin hoa dac thii khdng hieu cd phai Li mdt
phiin van hoa My hay khdng? Hay van cd
van hoa rieng chau Phi? Chinh sir hoii ddng
boa nhap da liim cho nudc My manh len Cac
dim tdc khac nhau tren the gidi den nudc
My, hg vua boa ddng, boa nhap, vira viin gitr
net dac sac ciia dan tdc hg ed dieu Iii su hdi
nhap d mirc nao, vi du nhu ngudi Dire va
ngudi My Latinh
Giac ma My khdng gidng nhau tren mgi
phim nudc My Gan diiy cd ngudi nhiip cu
den til' Nam Au, chau A, Trung Qudc Hg
dang cd giing xiiy dung cugc sdng mdi d
nude My 19% ngudi da den den My khdng
phai do y mudn ciia bg, mil do che do nd le
tao nen Ngudi dan da den dii bi tach biet
khdi ngudi da triing trong nhieu ITnh vue
nhu: an, d, vui choi, giai tri Sau The chien
thir II (1945), su niing ddng phat trien kinh tl
dii dua nhieu ngirdi da trang tii' eudc sdng
binh thudng trd thimh tiing Idp trung luu
lrong xa hdi My Thap ky 60 thi ky 20, My
dli ban hanh hang loat cac dao luat ve quyIn
dan sir, da lam eho mgi ngudi dan cd quyen
binh dang, dugc tao cac ca hdi ngang nhau,
klidng the ndi liic do nude My da hoa ddng
hay da dang hoa x'e van hoa Hien nay, da
dang van hoa, hoa ddng cac nen van boa vdi
nhau da anh hudng rat Idn den xa hdi My Ca
hai giao su va nhieu ngudi diin nudc My diu
img hd Tdng thdng Obama, ngirdi ma vira
giira net diic siic, vira img hd su da dang vim
hoii Sd dT Tdng thdng Obama thiing cir Iii do
ed sir thiing Igi eiia hdi nhiip van hoa Nhung
neu each day 30 niim Tdng thdng Obama si; khdng thiing cu duge! Vi viiy eiin khang dinh riing: Trirdng hgp Tdng thdng My Obama la dien hinh cua sir hdi nhap hoii ddng cua nudc My Va sir boa ddng nude
My la dien hinh eiia sire manh viin hoa My
Ve ehinh tri, ngudi Do Thiii chiem 5%o - 6% dan sd, nhung anh hudng ldn den ehinh sach nudc My Viet Nam cd gan 2 trieu ngudi, cd mdt ha nghi sT Lien bang, da cd anh hudng Idn den chinh sach My den Viet Nam Tuang
tu, cdng ddng ngudi Trung Qudc, Nhat Biin Liim Qudc cung vay! Cdng ddng ngudi My gdc Latinh, cdng ddng ngudi My gdc Cuba tao linh hudng d Florida, dieu dd da cd tiic ddng den chinh sach ciia tdng thdng trong quan he vdi Cuba vii cac nudc My Latinh Trong vai thap ky gan day, su da dang van hoa dii anh hudng den ngdn ngu Cdng ddng gdc My La tinh ndi tiing Tay Ban Nha
cd nhieu van ban bSng tiing Tiiy Ban Nha, dieu dd cd anh hudng ldn den giao due
O bang Caliphonia, cdng ddng ngirdi
My gdc Viet vdi su da dang van hoa, ngdn ngir, da anh hudng ldn din giiio due My Hg tranh luan nhieu den song ngtr Dira tre di hgc dugc day bang tiing Viet hay tiing Anh, thiim chi cd tranh luan dien ra rSt gay g^t Ngudi Viet Nam sang My tir 30-40 nam da tao ra cac the he tre em mcri d My, cd xu hudng day tre em ca bang tiing Anh va tiing Viet Day tieng Viet thi cha me phiii tra tiln hgc Chinh phii khdng tra tiln va dd chinh la net van hoa chung ciia My
Trang 6'ihiinh com/ lii mdl chin/en Ulnio siil 8.S
6 My ngirdi My eting ngudng mc) cac
net X im hoii Viet Nam nbu: Coi tremg hoc Ic'ip
vd coi Ire/ng phdm chut luo ddng
Ngoai ra, theo giao sir Fred Broxxn gitra
hai nude My Viet Nam cd diem gidng nhau
a tinh tbiin cdch mcing Prong qua khir
ngudi Anh sang xiim chiem My nhung yeu
to each mang dii liun cho nudc My Idn manh
phiit trien len nhieu Dieu dd biit ngudn tir
nhdn ddn va dugc xuat pbiit tir y chi ddc lap,
Ur do
Khi pbiin tich vc sir khae bict van boa
gitra viin boa My va van boa chau Au, hai
giao su My dii cho biet: Van boii My linh
hoat ban van hoa chau Au, nd ludn blip thu
ciii la lir nhtrng cdng ddng khac nhau tren the
gidi du nhiip viio My, cdn ggi Li hoii ddng
van hoa di cu viio vim boii ban dia My My
luon ludn Nam tie'n Nam lien xii ma rdng
lien no nimg dc)ng, thuc dung Cdn vim boa
chiiu Au thi bao thii ban vi cluiu Au khd tiep
nhiin vim hoa la, hg ebo rimg sir xuiit hien
van hoa khiie vao ehiiii Au se giiy tdn hai cho
van hoa ban dja Chiiu Au cd khuynh hudng
CO thii, thu ggn, bao tlui Ngay nax' x'an boa
My cd anh hudng ldn den cac nude khiic
iihau tren the gidi trong mgi ITnh x'lrc nbu: ve
cong nghe thdng tin ve kinh te - tai chinh, x'e
Iy thuyet va thuc tien cua nhieu ngimh khoa
hgc, ve giao due, ve am nhac, hg\ hoa
- Budi ldm vii'c thir lu: ngiiy 18-06-2009
giira doiin vdi 4 nlui biio My lii: Anthonny
Nelson (US ASlAN Business Council
-nic) Christopher 1) W Nelson (Samuels
International ,A.ssociaIes ine) .lim Lobe (Nexv Agency) Kodi Akaxi (Colombia Unixersit}') Thao luiin x'e chu de: Viin hoii
My mdi quan he gitra xiin boa - ehinh tri xii biio ebi d My Budi toa dam keo diii giin 3 tiling X'di nhtrng n()i dung riu blip dim thu x'i Nhtrng y tiro'ng ma bdn nha biio My mudn dua ra eho ciie nbii khoa hgc Viet Nam Iii:
1 Bao chi My ddc lap vdi Chinh phu
cd chirc nimg phan bien xdi Chinh phu vdi muc dich nhiun thuc day xa hdi phat trien
2 Biio chi khdng chi phue vu chinh trj, mil edn ed elu'ie nimg giai tri
3 Bao viet dang chet dim bao mang tren ciic ti'ang Web dang phiit trien manh me khdng ngimg
4 Vai trd cua Chinh phu trong edng liie biio ehi a My: Chinb phu thuong hoiic phat ciic toil biio, die phdng vien bimg eiieh khdng che kha niing tiep cim thdng tin eua hg v.v
- Budi ldm vice thir ndm ngiiy
22/06/2009, doim liim viee vdi 'LS Vii Quang Viet, mot Viet kieu liun vice lai ccr quan thdng ke Lien hgp qudc
Tien sT Vii Quang Viet lii chuyen gia
nghien ciru Liu nam ve cae ITnh xuc kinh te,
ehinh tri xim boa xii bdi My Ong hien nay Iii chuyen gia tu viin cho Lien hc7p qudc,
Trung Qudc, m()t sd nucVe Ddng Nam A xc
thdng ke hgc Prong budi liun xiec giin 3 tieng tai tru scr Pluii doim \'iel Nam tai Lien hop qude (New York), IS Vii Quang X'iet
Trang 786 NGHIEN CQU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°7 (106).2009
cho biet: Nudc My la nudc rat dac biet la
mgt trong vai nude lap qude sau na} (tu the
ky thu 17) nhtrng ngudi lap qudc di tu chiiLi
Au hg la nhirng ngudi bi dan ap o' chau Au:
Thien Chiia giiio Tin Lanh Dire qudc xa tri
thirc Hg chu yeu tir nude Anh sang My va
lap ra nudc My Ngudi My ludn tu tin ve
viee minh liun tu tin la nudc lap ra tir do
diin chu Hien phap dua ra mgt vai tdn ehi
ban dau ve tu do, ed qu}en nit ra khdi cdc
bang 0' nude My neu hg mudn, Theo TS Vii
Quang Viet, dd la tu tudng xa hdi chii nghia
vi ludn lo cho eon ngudi O My mgi ngudi
luon chia xe cho nhau liim chung vdi nhau
khdng eiin den sir vSn minh (vi du khdng can
dien) cd nhieu ton giao khac nhau tdn trgng
ldn giiio tdn trgng dia phuong 0 My cd den
78% ngudi theo dao lrong dd Cdng giao
chiem 25% dao lin Lanh ed den hiing tram
giiio phai kluie nhau Nircie My rat de cao vai
trd ciia xii hgi dim su' cd loan qii}'cn lam theo
y kien eiia rieng cii nhiin (de cao xa hgi dan
sir), cd qu}eii khdng tuiin theo y mudn ciia
Nhii nucrc neu hg thay sai Chinh phii My
bao ve qu}en dgc lap cua eac phe nhdm (xa
hgi diin sir), bao ve cac td chirc phi Igi
nhuiin khdng danh thuc cac hoat ddng eiia
cae td chirc xa hdi dan su Day chinh la i;7(7c
diem ddu lien cuu nirirc My Xa hdi dan sir
My boat ddng rat phong phu khdng tieu
bang nao gidng tieu bang nao
Ditc dii'iii thir hai cua My la ngudi dan
Mx khdng tin viio Chinh phii Lien bang,
khdng mudn Chinh phu lip diit, hg mong
mudn tu do cac tieu bang khac nhau cd qu}en khac nhau khdng phu thudc vao Lien , bang Nude My khdng cd Bg Giao due Lien bang, moi tieu bang ed Bd Giiio due lieu bang Mdt eau hoi dat ra: Tai sao giao due
My lai gidng nhau? Tra \ov Vi cac tieu bang ''
hg hge hdi lan nhau Giao due My phi Igi nhuiin vi giao due la traeh nhiem ciia xa • hdi eua Nha nude ••
Diic diem thir hu er My la mgi ngirdi rat
chii y ve binh quyen, binh quyen ve co' hdi eho mgi ngudi Dd lii thue tien, cdn ket qua
ra sao thi lai la chuyen khac Vi du hgc sinh
d nudc My dugc cung cap mgi chi phi nhu nhau, dugc quyen thi viio cac Idp nhu nhau
Cac dac diem tren da anh hudng den xa
hgi My Thir nhdt: Cii nhiin la quan trgng
giim sue sang tao Dieu nay dugc anh huong trong mgi linh vuc cua ddi sdng van boa - xa hdi va con ngirdi My Vi du: Thanh tuu cua nghe thuat hdi hoa, van hgc chuyen tir Phap sang My Boi le, van hgc thi ca My de hieu, mgi eon ngucTi deu dgc dugc va deu hieu the hien rd tinh dai ehimg Nd ed nhtrng bien chuyen ldn bat dau tir ca nhiin sang tao lam
nen Thir hui: Ngudi dan nudc My khdng chi
chii y den quyen tu' do ciia ca nhan, ma cdn -' rat chii y den quyen tir do ciia tiip the eiia • nhdm xa hdi
Tditi led Nudc My cd 3 dac diem: 1) Tu
do: 2) Dan chii; 3) Tdn trgng cdng ddng Dac diem van boa My la van boii Thien Chua giao ludn hudng vao cgng ddng Nguyen tSc ciia My la: Thir nhiu dua viio thdng lc
Trang 8ihiinh com/ lii mdl chin/en Uliiio sal 87
lru}CMi thdng My; Thir hai xi Igi ich nucrc - Budi ldm vice thu sdu xiio chieu ngii}
My My ludn ludn mudn lanh dao the gidi 0 22/06/2009 gitra Doim ciie nhii khoa hge Viet
nirdc My dim ehu tu nd se khdng giai cnixet Nam xdi giao sir Paul Mishler (Trudng Dai
dugc viin de gi neu nhu diin chu khdng di hgc bang Indiana) xii xg chdng TS Ngd
den tu do va cdng ddng Thanh Nhim (Mdt Viet kieu tai Nexv York)
,,, 1 •• i ' J- - Uii Iru SO' Phiii doim Viet Nam tai Lien hop
Khi dugc boi ve tae dgng cua cugc ' , ' • •
,, , 1 • 1 - • ^ j ~ - ^<- quoc (Nexv York), 'krone 3 tienu tu 14 uid
khung hoang kmh te toan cau den nucrc My ^ _ ^
30 phiu den 17 gicr 30 phut, doim dii ducrc vii lieu eudc khung hoang niiy d My dii chain
day hay chua, TS Vii Quang Viet tni Idi: Tdi
khong thiiy kha nimg phuc hdi cd It; phai 10
mim ntra nen kinh te My mdi phuc hdi DT
nhien cugc khung hoiing nay chua chain da}',
theo tdi khd Idng thoiii Ien dugc Bdi vi hon
10 niun qua My chu yeu sdng nhd, sdng dua
viio ngudi kluie My hoim toim dim viio tu
bim nude ngoiii Vi du 'Lrung Qude dii dd
1.000 ly USD viio thi trucrng chirng khoim
My, chiem 1/2 dir trtr ngoai te cua nuc're miy
0 My hg ludn ludn klui}'en khich tieu dimg,
ngudi dim mucrn lien, xay lien de ticJu dimg,
nhung My lai ludn huyenh hoang x'e thimh
tuu ciieh mang thdng tin cd nimg suiit cao, cd
iieMi tiii chinh khdng Id cd nen quan tri hien Tdi xin dua ra y kien dim tien x'e bim
dai HicMi nay, nen kinh tl My suy sup chiit cua chu nghTa tu ban My.'Lu ban My riit
nhirng chua sup him Dilu mil Tdng thong khac nghiet vdi nhieu ngudi, nhieu gidng
Obama dang lam nhiim ciru xim nin kinh tl ngudi Hien nay d My cd rat nhieu ngudi roi
khcing dl nd sup him, nhung se khdng giiii vao tinh trang ngheo khd khdng nha d bj ky
quyel dugc mgi vSn dl 'Ldi thay, d My chua thi siic tdc Cae ban Viet Nam nhin be ngoiii
CO ciii gi thiic diy sim xuiit phiit triln, chua tuong ning nude My nit giiiu cd ii? Vdi he
thiiy ciii gi thiic dSy sir phuc bdi ea: nhii diit, lhdng nhu the miy liun sao mgi ngudi dim
chirng khoiin san xuiit My chua giiii qu}'et My hien nay sdng dircre trong he thdng dd!
dircre sir miit cim dcii lrong he thdng kinh te Phai Lim sao cho he thdng miy xiin himh
dill nuc'rc dircTc? Cd pham Irii nit Idn dd ki he thdng
dim chii: 0 Mv cd nhieu ciicie bim cu iiliunu
nghe nhtrng Icri phiit bieu riit thimg thim rd rimg ve mdi quan he gitra ehinh tri xii xim boa My va dac biet Li ban chat eua ehu nghia
tu ban My tir nbimg x i khaeh Giiio su Paul Mishler ndi: Hdm nay tdi nit luin hanh ed miu tai diiy Truc're bet tdi riit kluiin phue die ban Viet Nam euc)c dim tranh gian khd nhung X'C xang eua Vict Nam Cugc dim tranh eua Viet Nam dii khien ldi hieu ducrc cluing ldi Li ai xii hieu ducrc eon ngudi diU nuc'rc ciic ban 'Ldi hgc x'c chicMi tranh Viet Nam khi mcri 12 tudi vii tdi dii iham gia bieu
linh ung hd eiie ban Viet Nam den niun 1975,
khi chien tranh Viet Nam chiim diU
Trang 988 NGHIEN CC/U CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°7 (106).2009
chi cd mc)t sd lira chgn rat nho Tai sao he
thdng dd lai van himh dugc? Ngirdi dan ed
quyen di bau cu hoac khdng di biiu nhung
khung de thang cir lai rat nhd Ngudi ta da
dat ra chuang trinh tranh cu de lam sao cho
cd y nghTa! Cd bd mat "ngudi ngheo" neu
lam dung theo he thdng dd thi nude My se
khdng cd ngudi ngheo dugc!? Cdn cd ngudi
ngheo la do Idi cua ngudi ngheo? (dd Iii each
giai thich ciia Chinb phu) nghTa la hg (ngudi
ngheo) dii khdng chiu liun viec va vi the bg
mdi ngheo! Nhung theo tdi hg ciin phai liun
the nao de sdng duge trong he thdng dd!
'Lhuc chiit, vdi he thdng nay, theo tdi, khdng
ai cd the sdng dugc trong dd Vi du: Trong
20 dira trti hgc Uip trong mdt Idp, chi ed 1
dira dugc vao dai hge, vi cbi cd mc)t ca hdi,
nhu vay be thdng ca hc)i ciia 20 dira tre ehi
ed nwt dira lit cd ca hdi, cdn 19 dira tre kia
khdng dugc xiio dai bgc Iii do Idi ciia chimg?
Chu khdng pbiii Iii ldi ciia he thdng? Vi viiy
theo tdi Cdi ldi cua he thdng (CNTB My) du
gdy ra sir ngheo ddi cho ngirdi ddn My, cht
tcto diroc mot ca hdi trong 20 ca hdi throe
vdo dcii hoc cuu 20 diru trd Chinh phii dii
giai thich vdng veo, ngheo ddi thSt nghiep,
that hgc la do traeh nhiem ciia ca nhan vi
du khdng chiu lam viec, khdng chiu hgc
himh Cdn tdi khang dinh lai: Mgi ddi
ngheo, thiu nghiep, thiit hgc deu do loi ciia
\\e thdng, ldi tii' ban chiU ciia chii nghTa tu
ban My gay ra
Tiep theo Li y kien ciia phu nhan TS
Ngd 'Lhanh Nhim (mdt phu ntr My, giao su
mdt trirdng dai bgc My): Lich sir nudc My khdng lau dai nhu lich su chau Au nhirng lii lich su tranh cudp, xam lugc diU dai die bd tdc ngudi da dd ngudi Mehied Ngudi My
cd chii nghTa ca nhan rat thd sa, cd diiu dc thuc dung, cd y thiie he ehdng Cdng nit nimg
ne Dd chinh la the gidi quan cua hg Ngudi
My gioi a chd cd be thdng ktjin coi ban he thdng chiiu Au nhung lai lam cho ngudi ta liim tu'dng riing he thdng My tdt ban he thdng ehiiu Au Nen nhd riing hien nay My
cd 2/5 dan sd khdng biet dgc, khdng dgc ndi mdt Cliu chiiyt)n, mdt cudn truyen 6 nudc
My, viec kiUm sodt y thirc he; dugc ciin bang
vdi viec dim iip xa hdi! Theo tdi, chiiu Au co
he thdng, cd lich sir Iiiu dai, tiln qua ehi do quim chii, cd su phan chia giai ciip tir xa xua, khdng cd dau dc chdng Cdng, cung khdng cd dau dc ky thi diin tdc nhu d My He thdng chinh tri ciia chiiu Au gan lien vdi ddi sdng vim boa Cdn d My, xcit vl viin hoii ma ndi, ngudi Cdng sim chiing cd y nghTa gi vdi xii hdi My! Vira qua, trong cude khiing hoang kinh te, ngudi ta tien hanh trung c5u dan y d
My, cd 20% dan My cho rang chii nghTa xa hdi tdt han chii nghTa tu bim ngudi dan My tham chi dii hieu lam rang Obama Iii ngudi dai dien cho ehii nghTa xa hdi Trong lich sir nudc My tir trudc den nax', chira bao gid cd den 20%) ngudi dim My cho rimg chii nghTa
xa hdi tdt ban ehii nghTa tu ban
Ngoai ra, trong 4 ngiiy tir 24 - 28/06, doim da dugc anh Trung, chi '1 buy mdt gia
dinh Viet kieu yeu nircVe d Los Angeles, rat
Trang 10'^Iiiiiili com/ lii mdl clim/en Ulnio siil " ^
nhiet tinh giiip der tir vice \ep sap noi an, tinh luat phap cao, luat phap lii tdi thircrng 4)
chdn d, den vice dua ddn doan di tham quan, Nha nudc My de cao dan clui hudng tdi tir do
khao sat cac danh lam thang canh dia danh cho ca nhan cho ccing ddng 5) Nudc Mx ed
van hoii ndi tiing cua My nhu khu trudng nhirng tdng thdng tiii gioi lanh dao dat nude
quay llollyxvood, dudng phd ghi danh cac tai tinh 6) Nudc My tieh tu tu ban qua sir lao
ngdi sao dien anh My bd bien Los Angeles dgng can cii ciia ngirdi dan va bang eae cucie
tru'dng dai hgc Los Angeles va khu vuc ba Chien tranh the gidi thir I va 2
con Viet kilu lam Sn sinh sdng d quan ^ ^ ^ ^ „ _^^_.^.^ ^ ^-,^„ ^^ ^^^ ,.,^^ ,^1^-.,^^
Cam 0 dau, cac thimh vien lrong doiin ^^.^^ ^,^^^._^, ,^ ^_.^^^,, ^^ ^^^.^^ ^ ^ |^^^, j ^ „ ^
cung ghi nhan duo'c tam long ciia ba con yeu , , , u • i • i i • r-i - i \ i • i A„
•^'^ ' "^ -^ yeu chugng hoa bmh thi Chmh phu lai luon
nudc ludn hudng ve que huong, dat nudc x ,~ , ,•••• ^ ~ i
->= ^ '= muon lanh dao the giai luon can thiep vao
Nhu-ng dicu thu hoach dug'c cdng viec ndi bd cac nudc dac biet la nhtrng
Ciiu chuyen v6 nude My trong 14 ngay nudc xa hgi chii nghia do Dang Cdng san
khao sat tai 3 thiinh phd Ic'rn da dc lai r§t lanh dao 2) 0 My ldi he thong nil Idn the
nhilu an tugng cho cac nha khoa here Viiin hien o phiin Uing xii hgi: Ngudi giim thi nil
Nam Trong budi liip kiln eac nhii quan ly, giiiu giiui miii, con ngudi ngheo thi nil
ciic nlui khoa hgc, eiie nhii biio nhiing ngudi ngheo ngheo nuii Nuc'rc M} ai ciing ngliT ki
diin My, ehimg tdi nluin thiiy ning cae y kicn riu giim ed nhung ki giiui gia hieu lii eon ng
rat da dang, phong plui nhicu khi trai ngucre \an nluit the gidi Neu md \ e ve ngu}en nhan
nhau Nhtrng dieu thu hoach Idn nhat dugc xay ra khung hoang Uii ehinh - kinh tc o My,
sau chuyen khao sat nay lii: Nucrc My ki chiing ta thSy riing nen uii ehinh My rat kem
nuc'rc da siic lc)c cd lich su dung nucrc ngcin ^^j^ ^^^ ^jct Q cdng lae quan tri, khong minh
khoang 400 mim (biing l/IO lieh su nucrc ta) ^^^^i eac tiip doim tu ban chi phoi nang ne
Nhung vdi 400 mini, nude My da dugc xiiy ^^^ ^^^^^^ j^, j , ^ _ ^^^^^^^^ |,.„^^ „•, ^i^-, |,„^^_ ^r^ ^|,/,p
dung trd lhimh cudng qudc hang dim Ihc luiit phap Nucrc My tu xung lii da dang
gidi Niu nhu coi diiy la mot md hinh va de ^^,^^^.^^^ ^^^^^ ^,^.^ ^,^, |,^ ,^^^ ^^^^^ j ^ |.^ j , , , ^ ^
giai phflii md hinh phat trien My, chimg tdi ^^^^ ^"^^.^ _^^,^.^ ^^_ ^,^^^ ^, ,^ ^^^^ ^.^^^ 1^^^
eo nigt viii nhan xet rang: Nguyen nhiin phat ^^^ ^ , ^ ^,^^_^ 1^^ ^^^^ ^^,^^^^^^ ^,^^_,^ ^^.^ ,^ ^^, ,^^
trien la do: I) Nmrdi diin da sac tdc (hgp ^
mgt dang
cluing qude) nit cim cii liim viec, lao dgng
vdi quylt tiim liim giau 2) Hg cd su td chirc Vi vay ben canh viec hoc lap nhung eiii
xa hgi cao, cd tinh thSn hoa ddng (hgi nhap) hay, cai tdt dep cai gia tri cua nhiin loai
r5t Idn 3) Nudc My da d l ra luat phap ro ddng thdi ciing phai nhim ra nhtrng bin eiip
rang, xax dung Nha nucrc phiip quyen, ed nhirng miiu thuiin trong md hinh My