Cung gid'ng nhu nhflng qud'c gia khac, Campuchia cung chiu anh hUdng ciia cudc khung hoang tren va chiu thiet hai ldn trong cac nganh nghe chu yeu nhu det may, du Ijch, xay dUng, nd[r]
Trang 1TAC DONG CUA KHUNG HOANG KINH TE
• TOAN CAU VA NHUNG CHINH SACH DOI PHO CUA CAMPUCHIA TRONG NAM 2008 - 2009
VO THI MINH LE*
PHAM MINH HANH**
bat dau vao gifla nam 2008 va gay
ra nhflng tac dpng nghiem trpng den hau
het cac nUdc tren toan the gidi Cugc
khiing hoang da lara giam ty le tang
trUdng kinh te va lara cho hang trieu cdng
nhan rdi vao tinh trang that nghiep Cung
gid'ng nhu nhflng qud'c gia khac,
Campuchia cung chiu anh hUdng ciia cudc
khung hoang tren va chiu thiet hai ldn
trong cac nganh nghe chu yeu nhu det
may, du Ijch, xay dUng, ndng nghiep va
mot so' linh vUc khac bdi sU phu thupc qua
nhieu cua qud'c gia nay vao dau tU true
tiep nUdc ngoai (FDI) va thj trUdng xuat
khau Quan trgng hdn la tac dpng lan tda
cua cua khiing hoang tai chinh den thj
trUdng lao dpng tai qud'c gia nay, tinh
trang that nghiep tran lan va thieu viec
lara nghiera trpng Hau qua cua cudc
khung hoang nay la so' ngUdi nghed da gia
tang va day hg rdi sau hdn vao vdng ngheo
ddi bdi vi hg chinh la nhflng ngfldi lao dpng
lam viec trong nhflng nganh nghe tren
De khdc phuc va vUdt qua nhflng khd
khan ciia cugc khimg hoang, chinh phu
Campuchia da thUc hien raot so chinh sach
ddi phd nhu ap dung chinh sach tai khda
de kich thich tang trUdng kinh te, tang chi tieu cho cd sd ha tang, thUc hien Uu dai thue cho nganh det may nhU tara ngUng
1% ldi nhuan trUdc thue va tiep tuc mien
thue cho cac nha may may mac nha't dinh, dau tu phat trien ngudn nhan lUc Ngoai
ra, rapt ngan sach md rgng cho nam 2009
da dUdc lap ra nhdra kich thich va dieu chinh cac ke hoach va tang chi tieu cho cd
sd ha tang, ndng nghiep va cac chUdng trinh xa hpi Nhflng van de tren se dfldc trinh bdy khai quat trong bai viet nay
Tac dong cua khiing hoang kinh te toan cau vdi kinh te Campuchia
Trong thuc te, trUdc khi xay ra cuoc khung hoang kinh te toan cau, Carapuchia da dat dUdc td'c dp tang trUdng cao, dac biet la nara 2005, vdi ty le tang trudng GDP hdn 13.3% Sau nam
2005, tang trUdng GDP trung binh lan lUdt dat 10.8% va 10.2% nam 2006 va
2007 Dat dUdc td'c do tang trUdng cao tren
la do sfl ddng gdp raanh cua cac nganh cong nghiep chii chdt nhfl det raay, xay dflng va ndng nghiep Tuy nhien, tfl nam
2008 ty le tang trfldng da chara lai va
* Ths V6 Thi Minh Le, CN Pham Mmh Hanh, Vien Kinh te va Chinh tri the gidi
Trang 2giara bdn n h i e u se vdi d u kien t r o n g n a m
2009 va 2010 Theo M E F , ty le t a n g
trUdng G D P cua C a m p u c h i a giam dan
xud'ng 6.8%) t r o n g n a m 2009 trong khi cac
td chflc quo'c te dU doan t a n g trUdng GDP
cua C a m p u c h i a cd t h e tha'p hdn so vdi
t i n h toan cua c h i n h phii Quy tien te qudc
te du doan t a n g trUdng cd the la -0.5%
trong k h i du d o a n cua N g a n h d n g T h e gidi
cd t h e la - 1 % Economic Intelligence U n i t
cho r d n g raflc t a n g trfldng se la -3%)
( V a n n a r i t h 2009)
Sfl suy giara td'c dp t a n g trUdng chu yeu
la do nhflng n g u y e n n h a n s a u day:
Thie nhdt, da so' cac linh vflc chu yeu
p h u thudc vao ddu tfl trflc tiep nfldc
ngoai Theo dfl bao N g a n h a n g T h e gidi,
ngudn vd'n chay vao cac nfldc d a n g p h a t
trien se giara den 50%o vao n a m 2009
Theo ket q u a nay, ddu tfl trflc tiep nfldc
ngoai vao C a r a p u c h i a se bj t h a t c h a t
Tdng so vd'n FDI da dfldc Hpi ddng p h a t
trien C a m p u c h i a p h e d u y e t t r d n g n a m
2008 d a t 6,275 t r i e u ddia My t r o n g dd vdn
FDI tfl T r u n g Qud'c chiem 62,4% va H a n
Qud'c la 3 5 , 1 % ( C h a n d a r a r o t et al 2009)
Trong n a m 2008, 9 5 % tdng raflc dau tU
d a n h cho cac dU a n xay dUng, t r o n g dd
chu yeu t a p t r u n g vao xay dUng cac t r u n g
tara du lich, k h a c h s a n va tda n h a thUdng
mai; tuy n h i e n 40%) ven FDI dUdc t h d n g
qua dudc thUc hien bdi vi sU giam gia b a t
dgng san, sU giam di ve cau va sU c a n kiet
cac ngudn tai c h i n h ( C h a n d a r a r o t et al
2009) (Xem bang)
Nguyen nhdn thd hai ciia sU suy giam
td'c dp t a n g trUdng la do sU suy giara ciia
ca x u a t k h a u va n h a p k h a u Vi
Campuchia la qud'c gia p h u thupc vao n e n
k i n h te ben ngoai dac biet la n e n k i n h te
p h a t t r i e n n h u My, c h a u Au va N h a t Ban
nen C a m p u c h i a de d a n g bj a n h hfldng khi
cac nen k i n h te dd cd nhflng bien ddng ve nen k i n h te Theo C h a n d a r a r o t va cac tac gia khac, nen k i n h te My se giam 0,9%, Dflc giara 2,2%) va N h a t se giam xuong 0%) (2009) K h u n g h o a n g k i n h te va m a t viec
h a n g loat d cac nfldc cdng nghiep ldn t r e n ddng nghla vdi viec sflc mua cua ngUdi
tieu d u n g giam va n h u cdu vdi h a n g hda
n h a p k h a u cung giam theo Do vay, xua't
k h a u h a n g det may trong tdng gia trj x u a t
k h a u cua Carapuchia se suy giam trong
n a m 2009 so vdi cflng ky n a m ngoai
Nguyen nhdn thd ba \a sfl giam sflt ve
cac m a t h a n g ndng nghiep ciia
C a m p u c h i a do p h u thupc vao thdi tiet va dau tfl cho ndng nghiep Xuat khau cac
m a t h a n g nong nghiep ciia Campuchia da giam di do n h u cdu ve cac m a t h a n g nay giam va gia ca t r e n thi trUdng qud'c te cflng giara sflt
Cudi ciing la sfl suy giam ciia so' lfldng
khach du Ijch qud'c te trong nam 2009
N a m 2008, nhdm cac thj trfldng dflng dau
ve k h a c h du lich den C a m p u c h i a phai ke den Hdn Qud'c, Viet Nara, N h a t Ban va
My vdi cac ty p h a n lan lUdt la 14%), 10%, 8% va 7% Theo du doan nara 2009, sd lUdng k h a c h du Ijch se giam di tfl 15,7%)
t r e n g n a m 2008 xud'ng cdn 5,5%) n a m
2009 De bd sung cho cac con so'tren, da cd mpt so' m i n h chflng chi ra r a n g so' lfldng
d a t phdng k h a c h san tai cac diem den dfldc fla thich da giara 30-80%) so vdi n a m trfldc ( C h a n d a r a r o t et al 2009)
T a c d o n g c i i a k h i i n g h o a n g k i n h t e
t o a n c a u d o i vofi c a c n g a n h c o n g
n g h i e p c h i i c h o t
* Ngdnh det may
N e n k i n h te C a m p u c h i a p h u thupc nhieu vao n g a n h cdng nghiep may mac
N g a n h m a y mac chiem k h o a n g 17% tdng
Trang 340 Nghien cifu Ddng Nam A 2/2010
VON DAU TU TRUC TIEP NUCJC NGOAl CUA c A c NUdC (2006 - 2008)
C o u n t r y
Australia
(Jaiiad.)
China
Japan
Malavsja
Othei
Russia
S, Korea
Saudi Aiabia
Singapore
Taiwan
Thailand
Uniced Kingdom
L?nifed ^fate\
Viftnaiii
TOTAL FDI
Million U S D
2006
S.28 721.1 -2.10 28 ^3 V^ i2 2""'.70 l,0U') S2
1 l i 3
4 ^ 6 5
100.1.^
,1=)-*
02.21 31.11 2„i.V).90
2 0 0 7
14.12
-200.0'^
87.14
2 4 1.44
100,21
I4S.0K 1.^^1.20
2.114
.>4.o2 1.^:^ 11 2^.00
I'i^'^)
12^."'i
1.310.36
2008*
.^.2T 19.29 1,019.5,^
".00 2.0^
OS.2H 0.51 2.204.5.^
52.40 l.'^.O"
20.14 0.10 2.00 10.71
6,35^.08
% o f total FDI
2 0 0 6
0.0'^ 0
0.2"o
.«).0'>() 0.1 "o 1.2"
1.4"o
1 1.0""
4.V.V',,
0.0<?<
0 5 " , ,
2 0 " 1
-i.y'o
0.2"u
2.7"(, { ^"o lOO.O'U
2 0 0 7
1.1'-!•
0.0%
15.:-".,, 0.0" o lS.,>"u 12.2%
0.0"
11.2%
10.0"
().2"u 2.0"
I 0 4 " T 1.0"., 0.2%
0.0"
100.0"
2 0 0 8 ' 0.1% 0.3% 01."%
0.1"i)
0.0",)
i r ' o
0.1%
34.7% 0.0"„ 0.,S"„
0.3"
0.4"o
0.1% 0.0" ,
0.3"
100.0»o
san pham qud'c ndi (GDP) trong nam 2008
(Jililian et al 2009) Tuy nhien nganh
cdng nghiep nay da bi tdn thUdng nang ne
do cudc khung hoang kinh te hien nay bdi
sU phu thuoc ldn cua nganh vao thj
trUdng xuat khau Hdn nfla, cuoc khiing
hoang lai bat dau tfl nhflng thi trfldng ldn
nhfl My, Nhat, Chau Au la nhflng thi
trfldng chinh ciia Campuchia
Gia tri xua't khau hang det may da
giam manh dang ke trong nam 2009, tfl
trung binh radi thang dat 250 trieu ddla
My nam 2008 xud'ng cdn 100 trieu ddla
My trong vong thang 1/2009 Dieu nay ly
giai mot dieu la Campuchia da phu thupc
qua nhieu vao thj trUdng xua't khau My,
ndi ma bat ngudn tfl cuoc khiing hoang va
cung la ndi chiera 65% thi phan xua't
khau hang det may cua Campuchia,
trong khi EU chiem cd 20% (ODI 2009 va
Ngudn: Chandararot et al 2009
Vannarith 2009)
Trong khi My, EU va Canada chiera gan 90% gia tri hang det may xua't khau cua Carapuchia trong nara 2008, thi nhflng nfldc nay lai la nhflng nfldc dau tien chju tac dpng cua cuoc khung hoang (Jililian et
al 2009 and Keane and Ratha 2009) Nganh det may Carapuchia cd ngudn FDI chinh tfl cac nUdc Dai Loan, Hdng Kong, Trung Qudc va Han Qud'c, tuy nhien cac nUdc nay dang chiu tac dpng ldn tfl khung hoang tin dung va suy thoai kinh te Chinh vi vay raa ty le vd'n dau tfl vao Campuchia tfl cac nUdc nay da bj giam di tfl nara 2008 (Kang et al 2009) Ngoai ra cdn cd sfl suy giam trong tieu dung ban le, dac biet la tai My Ket qua la cac ddn dat hang giam di va hang loat nha may bi dong ciia Ro net nha't la khdi lUdng hang det raay xua't khau cung flng
Trang 4cho thj trfldng My giam tfl 5% xud'ng cdn
4% trong n a m 2008 va dfl kien se tiep tuc
giam t r o n g n a m 2009 (cd t h e la xud'ng cdn
3%) ( C h a n d a r a r o t 2009)
Do sfl giam ciia cau ve n h a p k h a u h a n g
hda va do tac dpng cua cudc k h u n g h o a n g
den n g a n h det m a y da k h i e n cho 50 n h a
may det m a y dong cfla va h a u qua la
60.000 cong n h a n t r o n g tdng sd' 400.000
cong n h a n n g a n h det m a y da bj m a t viec
tfl n a m 2008 ( V a n n a r i t h 2009) Cdn lai
nhflng ngfldi v a n t i e p t u c lara t r o n g
n g a n h nay t h i chi dfldc ky hdp ddng n g a n
h a n dfldi ba t h a n g va luon gap riii ro vi cd
the bj sa t h a i b a t cfl luc n a o Do dd, raflc
lfldng t r u n g b i n h cua ngfldi lad dpng trong
thdi diem k h u n g h o a n g nay cung bj giam
va day hp rdi vao cudc sd'ng ngheo ddi va
ban cung hdn N a m 2009, con so' t h a t
nghiep se cd t h e m 19.000 lao dpng nfla
* Ngdnh du lich
Suy thoai k i n h te t o a n cau da khien
cho n g a n h du lich dd'i m a t vdi nhieu khd
k h a n Dieu nay cd t h e t h a y ro d so' lUdng
khach du lich giam di tfl n a m 2008 den
nay Lam p h a t cao t r o n g n a m 2008 va rapt
ddng tien raanh t a i thdi diem hien tai da
khien Carapuchia trd t h a n h diem den cd
chi phi cao hdn trUdc T r d n g nara 2008, da
cd 2,1 t r i e u k h a c h du Ijch qud'c te den
Campuchia, tha'p hdn 2,3 % sd vdi muc
tieu cua C h i n h phii N g a n h du lich cua
nUdc nay da t h u dUdc 1,620 trieu ddla My
tfl khach du Ijch qud'c te t r o n g n a m 2008
vdi 60% k h a c h du Ijch qud'c te di bdng
dfldng h a n g khdng, 36%) b d n g dfldng bp va
dfldng t h u y va 4% la k h a c h di ve trong
ngay ( V a n n a r i t h 2009 va C h a n d a r a r o t et
al 2009)
H a n Qudc dUdc xem la quoc gia cd so
lUdng k h a c h du lich den C a m p u c h i a n h i e u
nha't, chiem 14%; tiep dd la Viet N a m
(10%), N h a t Ban (8%) va My (7%) Tuy nhien da cd sU giam di ve so' lfldng khach
du Ijch den do k h u n g hoang kinh te toan cau va do bdi t h u n h a p cua cac k h a c h du Ijch cung bj giam di do chju tac dpng cua
k h u n g h o a n g k i n h te va t h e m nfla la sU
m a t an n i n h chinh trj d nUdc lang gieng-Thai Lan, it n h i e u cung khien che lfldng
k h a c h du Ijch giam theo N a m 2009, ADB dfl doan t h u n h a p tfl n g d n h du Ijch
C a m p u c h i a se giam xud'ng mflc - 2% trong khi I M F dfl doan con so' la - 6 % Ddu n a m so' lfldng ve den Carapuchia giam di rapt each d a n g ke, ba t h a n g dau n a m , so'lfldng
ve den quo'c gia nay da giam xud'ng -22,38%o so vdi cung ki nara ngoai Mpt so' khach s a n va n h a h a n g tai rapt so' dja phfldng ldn nhfl Siera Reap, Sihaneuk Ville va Kohkong da ddng cUa (Vannarith
2009 va C h a n d a r a r o t et al 2009)
* Ngdnh xdy diing
Trong n a m 2007, n g a n h xay dUng da ddng gdp 6,7%) tdng t h u n h a p qud'c npi (GDP) Tuy n h i e n cung nhU nhflng n g a n h khac, n g a n h nay d a n g gap p h a i nhflng khd k h a n tfl k h u n g h o a n g tai chinh toan cau Dieu nay da khien cho nhieu dU an xay dUng bj tara ngflng va nhflng khoan dau t u mdi cho xay diing bj giam di
T r e n thUc te, n g a n h xay dvfng ciia
C a m p u c h i a dUa t r e n sU p h a t trien cua ba't dpng s a n Hdu b e t nhflng dfl a n xay dflng deu la nhflng dfl a n thfldng mai va n h a d cho d a n cfl Tuy nhien trong n a m 2008, da
cd sU s u t gia trong gia ba't dpng san do
n h u cau giara va cac ngudn tai chinh can kiet Ben c a n h dd, nhflng dfl a n xay dflng trong nfldc deu dfla vao ngudn tai chinh ciia nudc ngoai Vi the, khi ban t h a n nhflng qud'c gia cd cac ngudn tai chinh dd gap khd k h a n thi hp cd the tri hoan hoac
b u y bd nhflng k h o a n dau tU ciia hp tai cac
Trang 542 Nghien cifu Ddng Nam A 2/2010
qud'c gia phu thupc ngudn von dd
Tren thUc te sU tang trUdng cua nganh
xay dUng da giam manh tfl 6,7%) trong
nara 2007 xud'ng -0,3% trong nara 2008
Dieu nay da khien sU ddng gdp cua nganh
xay dUng cho tdng thu nhap qud'c npi
(GDP) giam tfl 6,7% xud'ng 6,2% so vdi
cung ky.Theo Chandararot va nhflng tac
gia khac, td'c dp tang trfldng dfl kien se
xud'ng cdn -5,7%) vao cuoi nam 2009
* Ngdnh ndng nghiep
Cd rapt so' san pham ndng nghiep chiu
anh hudng cua cudc khung hoang kinh te
toan cdu nhu ngo, cao su, san va hat tieu
Nhflng san phara nay phu thupc rat nhieu
vao thj trfldng xuat khau Thdng thudng,
nhflng san pham dd dfldc ban cho Thai
Lan, Viet Nam va Trung Qudc de lam
nguyen lieu phuc vu cho cong nghiep Tuy
nhien cudc khung hoang kinh te toan cau
da lara giara nhu cau ve hang nong nghiep
cua cac nen kinh te, khien cho gia xua't
khau giara va theo dd gia cac san phara
ndng nghiep ban tai cac ndng trai cung
giara Lay sdn va cao su la vi du chinh,
tdng ldi nhuan ciia san da giam 166%, cd
nghla la raa't di 180 ddla My/ha Ket qua
la, da cd mpt so' ndng dan bd trdng cac vu
mua do khdng cd ngUdi mua.(CDRI 2008)
Nhufng c h i n h sach doi p h o
De vUdt qua nhflng khd khan trong
thdi ky khiing hoang, chinh phu
Carapuchia da thUc hien mpt so' chinh
sach dudi day:
a Chinh sdch tien te:
Chinh phii da thuc hien chinh sach
tien te linh hoat de duy tri ty le lam phat
tha'p va dam bao sU dn djnh trong tai
chinh, day raanh sU giam sat cac ngan
hang thUdng mai Them vao dd, chinh phu
cflng thflc hien chinh sach tai khda de thuc day tang trudng kinh te bang each tang chi ngan sach nham can bang sU sut giara treng dau tU tU nhan, nhara giara nhe nhflng tac dpng va day manh cac boat dpng kinh te Chinh phu Hoang gia Campuchia da Uu tien dau tU cdng cho cac
cd sd ha tang va phuc ldi xa hpi Dieu nay
da tang cUdng nhflng nd Iflc nhdm huy ddng ngudn tai trd ben ngoai nham ddi phd vdi cudc khung hoang kinh te todn
cau hien nay (Vannarith 2009) Chinh sdch tdi khda dUdc dUa ra nhu sau:
- Tang chi cho cd sd ha tang, ndng nghiep va mang ludi an sinh xa hpi ddng thdi Cd gdng duy tri ldi nhuan thu dUdc hang nam
- ThUc hien cac bien phap tai chinh de khuyen khich cac nha san xuat va ngUdi tieu dung, do dd cd the phuc hdi nen kinh
te hien nay
- ThUc hien Uu dai thue cho nganh det may nhu tam ngUng thue doanh thu hang thang 1% dd'i vdi cac khoan chi cua cac nha may may va md rong thdi gian mien thue ldi nhuan cho nhflng nha may may dfldc thanh lap trfldc nam 2006
- Thdng bao giam 10% chi phi quan ly xua't khau va cac chi phi khac
- Cung flng 144 trieu ddla My nham thuc ddy nen kinh te trong nam 2009 (chi tieu chua lap ke hoach)
Ben canh dd, chinh sdch tiin te dUdc
quy dinh ro nhU:
- TrUdc het tang cac yeu cau dU trfl ciia cac ngan hang thfldng raai tfl 8% len 16%, sau dd giara xud'ng 12%) sau khi da dat dUdc rapt so' dieu kien ve ndi long tien te
- Tang vd'n dieu le cua cac ngan hang thuong raai tfl 50 ty Riel (13 trieu ddla My) len 150 ty Riel (36,5 trieu ddla My) va tang
Trang 6vdn dieu le cua nhflng n g a n h a n g chuyen
doanh len 30 trieu Riel (7,3 trieu ddla My)
- Can t h i e p vao thj trfldng ngoai hdi
- Cac bien p h a p t h a n trpng: (1) T a n g
cfldng giam s a t va t h d m t r a rapt each t h a n
trpng (vi du nhfl quy djnb dfldc b a n h a n h
cua NBC lien q u a n den viec sU d u n g
nhflng kiem t o a n vien ben ngodi va viec
ap d u n g nhflng h i n h p h a t ddi vdi cac n g a n
h a n g vi phara); (2) N a n g cao nhflng yeu
cau ve viec cap giay p h e p , cung vdi viec
NBC d u a ra cac tieu chi c h a t che hdn ddi
vdi viec ly n g a n h a n g ngoai viec chi cd so
vd'n cao hdn
b Chinh sdch cu the ddi vdi cdc ngdnh
- N g a n h det may: giai p h a p ngdn ban,
Chinh p h u dao t a o lai 30.000 cong n h a n
may mac, 50% so' lao ddng dUdc bd' tri, de
p h a t trien cdng viec mdi vdi p h u cap h a n g
t h a n g la 40 ddla My rapt t h a n g Chinh phii
se cd t r a c h nhiera tira viec lam cho nhflng
cdng n h a n dfldc dao t a o lai sau khi nhflng
cdng n h a n nay h o a n t h a n h khda dao tao
Day la rapt thii t h a c h ddi vdi Chinh phu
Vdi nhflng giai p h a p dai b a n va lau dai,
Chinh p h u hfla se cai t h i e n radi trfldng
kinh ddanh, giam bdt nhflng trd ngai trong
kinh doanh nhfl chi phi khdng chinh thflc
cao, k h u y e n khich cac mdi q u a n he td't
gifla chu lao dpng va ngUdi lad dpng dac
biet trong n g a n h raay mac Ben canh dd,
ke hoach dUdc dUa r a de d a m p h a n vdi EU
ve sU ndi Idng nhflng quy djnh c h a t che
cua EU ve x u a t xfl h a n g hda (vi du nhfl
giara cac yeu cdu ve ddu vao ciia dia
phfldng tfl 45% den 25%) va tim kiem
nhflng flu dai cua My hoac giam t h u e n h a p
khau cho dfl a n thuoc he t h d n g flu dai phd
cap (GSP) ( C h a n d a r a r o t et al.2009)
- N g a n h du lich: T r o n g n g a n b a n ,
Chinh p h u k h u y e n khich k h u vUc k i n h te
t u n h a n giam gia de t h u h u t khach du Ijch nhieu hdn nfla Chinh p h u hfldng muc tieu tdi cac thj trfldng du Ijch khac trong khu vflc nhfl Viet Nam, T r u n g Qud'c va an Dp Cac chinh sach giam gia khach san va giam gia ve vao k h u vflc Angkor cho nhflng du k h a c h di trong hai ngay la mot
p h a n trong nhflng chinh sach n h d m thu
h u t nhieu hdn nfla sd' lfldng khach du lich den Treng ddi b a n , Chinh p h u va khu vflc kinh te tfl n h a n se ddu tfl nhieu hdn vad
p h a t trien ngudn n h a n Iflc va cai thien cd
sd ha t a n g Hpi n h a p trong k h u vflc dac biet la dfldng ndi lien gifla cac nfldc treng Tieu v u n g Me Kong se giup ich trong viec
t a n g so'lfldng k h a c h du Ijch trong khu vflc Ben c a n h dd, t a n g cfldng cac boat dpng
q u a n g cao va ap d u n g gdi flu dai toan dien cho khach du Ijch cung la dieu can thiet
- N g a n h ndng nghiep: Trong ngan ban, Chinh p h u cflng cac ddi tac p h a t trien
t h a n h lap "Quy ho trd va p h a t trien ndng nghiep" de he trd cac doanh nghiep vfla va nhd b a n g each cung cap khoan tin dung ngan b a n vdi lai s u a t tha'p cho ndng dan nhara t a n g n a n g s u a t ndng nghiep va dara bao a n n i n h lfldng thflc Chinh p h u tiep tuc ap d u n g chinh sach mien t h u e del vdi
n h a p k h a u vat tfl ndng nghiep (vi du nhfl
h a t gid'ng, p h a n bdn, thuoc trfl sau va thiet
bj nong nghiep) Trong dai ban, Chinh p h u cung vdi cac doi tac p h a t trien t a n g dau tfl vao cd sd h a t a n g phuc vu ndng nghiep nhfl
he thdng t h u y ldi va giad thdng
- N g a n h xay dflng: Chinh p h u cdng bo' mpt chfldng t r i n h t a n g chi tieu ve cd sd ha tang Dieu nay cd the t a e ra nhflng dfl an xay dflng mdi va cd the sii d u n g lai nhflng lao dpng da hi m a t viec
Tdm lai, cd t h e nhin tha'y ro rang nhflng tac dpng cua cudc k h u n g hoang kinh te toan cau tdi Carapuchia dac biet Id dd'i vdi
Trang 744 Nghien ciiu Ddng Nam A 2/2010
n g a n h tai c h i n h va raay raac, du lich, xay
dUng va n g a n h n o n g n g h i e p Tuy nhien,
r a t khd de d a n h gia xem td'c dp t a n g
trUdng cua cac n g a n h c h i n h ciia
Carapuchia se p h u c hdi n h u t h e nao t r o n g
k h i sU phuc hdi cua n g a n h raay mac lai
p h u thupc vao sfl p h u c hdi ciia k i n h te My
Du lich p h u thupc n h i e u vao cac dieu kien
k i n h te b cac qud'c gia h a n g d a u H a n Qudc
va N h a t B a n N g a n h xay dflng p h u thudc
nhieu vao ddu tfl cua cac cdng ty nfldc
ngoai nhfl H a n Qud'c Do vay, r a t khd de
duy tri td'c dp t a n g trfldng k h o a n g 10%
trong nara nay Toe dp t a n g trfldng dfldc
dfl doan cd t h e ara t r o n g n a m 2009 Vdi ket
qua nay, ngUdi ngheo va nhflng ngfldi cd
t h u n h a p t h a p (vi d u nhfl cdng n h a n , ndng
dan) se bi day s a u hdn vao vdng ngheo ddi
Vi the nhflng c h i n h sach kip thdi se giam
thieu nhflng a n h hfldng tieu cflc cua cuec
k h i m g h o a n g tai c h i n h t o a n cau./
TAI L I E U T H A M K H A O
Cambodia Development Resource Institute
(CDRI).2008 Impact of High Food Prices
in Cambodia Available from:
home.wfp.org/stellent/grDups/public/docu-ments/ena/wfpl89739.pdf
Chandararot, K and S.Sina and L.Dannet
2009 Rapid assessment of the impact of
the financial crisis in Cambodia ILO
Asia-Pacific Working Paper Series
Jilhan, H and G Reyes and S C Hang and Ph
Dalis and P Donina 2009 Global Financial
Crisis Discussion Series Overseas
Development Institute Available
from: w w w o d i o r g u k / r e s o u r c e s / d o w n
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Kang, C & S Sok & C Kim and D Liv 2009
Rapid Assessment on the Impact of the
Financial Crisis in Cambodia Prepared
for the ILO by CIDS
Kate, D.T 2009 Cambodia Keeps Tax Breaks
as Shortage of Cash Prevents Stimulus
http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news7pid
=20601068&sid=aTwvBX7VCrDE
Ministry of Economy and Finance 2009 Available from: http://www.mef.gov.kh
Ministry of Tourism Cambodia (MoT) 2007
Annual Report Available from:
http://www.mot.gov.kh/
Ministry of Tourism Cambodia (MoT) 2008
Tourism Statistical Report Available
from: http://www.mot.gov.kh/
Ministry of Tourism Cambodia (MoT).2009
Tourism Statistical Report Available
from: http://www.mot.gov.kh/
Nelmes, J 2009 Global Crisis - Impact, Outlook and Policy options for Cambodia
IMF Resident Representative in Cambodia
at the 2009 Cambodia Outlook Conference National Institute of Statistics (NIS) 2008
Statistical Yearbook of Cambodia 2008
Phnom Penh, Cambodia Overseas Development Institute (ODI) 2009
The global financial crisis and developing countries: Taking stock, taking action
Briefing Paper Available from: kmsl.isn.ethz.ch/serviceengine/Files/ISN/ 106219/ F732 /54.pdf
Rainsy, S.2009 Stimulus Package Reasonable with Reduced Government Corruption Available from:
http://ki-media.blogspot.com/2009/02/ stimulus-package-reasonable-with.html
Vannarith, C 2009 Cambodia and Global Economic Crisis Presentation at the 8'''
ASEAN-Japan Dialogue on September
1-12 Tokyo J a p a n
Xinhua 2009 Cambodian Government Suspends 1% Tax on Garment Factory Expenditures Available from:
www.zibb.com/article/4778898/Cambodia
n + g o v t + s u s p e n d s + 1 + p c t + t a x + o n + g a r -ment+fa ctory+expenditures