- Câu điều kiện là câu gồm hai phần: Một phần nêu lên điều kiện của hành động và một phần còn lại nêu kết quả của hành động đó, hay còn gọi là mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện (thường bắt đầu với [r]
Trang 1Chuyên đề Câu điều kiện - Ôn thi vào 10
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1 Định nghĩa
- Câu điều kiện là câu gồm hai phần: Một phần nêu lên điều kiện của hành động và một
phần còn lại nêu kết quả của hành động đó, hay còn gọi là mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện (thường bắt đầu với if) và mệnh đề chính (chứa will/ would)
- Mệnh đề chỉ điều kiện thì luôn đi liền sau từ if
2 Các loại câu điều kiện
a Điều kiện loại 1: diễn tả hành động có thể thực ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
- Cấu trúc:
If + S + present simple (thì hiện tại đơn), S + simple future (thì tương lai đơn) + V
Ví dụ: If I have enough money, I will buy that flat (Nếu tôi có đủ tiền, tôi sẽ mua căn hộ kia)
b Điều kiện loại 2: diễn tả hành động không có thực ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
If + S + simple past (quá khứ đơn), S + past future ( would) + V
Ví dụ: If I were the president, I would build more hospitals (Nếu tôi là tổng thống, tôi sẽ xây nhiều bệnh viện hơn)
c Điều kiện loại 3: diễn tả hành động không có thực trong quá khứ
If + S + past perfect (quá khứ hoàn thành), S + would have + PII
Ví dụ: If I had known she was ill, I would have come to see her
* Lưu ý: Ở mệnh đề chỉ kết quả, tùy theo ngữ cảnh có thể thay thế would bằng các động
từ khuyết thiếu khác(might, should, could,…)
d Điều kiện loại 0: diễn tả hành động, sự việc luôn đúng ở hiện tại hoặc tương lai
Trang 2If + present (thì hiện tại), S + present (thì hiện tại)
Ví dụ: If there is no air on the earth, life doesn’t exist
* Chú ý: Unless = If … not (nếu không thì/ trừ phi)
Ví dụ: Unless Anna had to work in the evenings, she would go to concerts
(= If Anna didn’t have to work in the evenings, she would go to concerts)
3 Câu điều kiện ở dạng đảo ngữ:
a Câu điều kiện loại 1:
Should + S + V, S + Will +V
Ví dụ: Should I have enough money, I will buy that flat (If I have enough money, I will buy that flat)
b Câu điều kiện loại 2:
Were + S + to + V, S + Would + V
Ví dụ: Were I the president, I would build more hospitals (If I were the president, I would build more hospitals)
c Câu điều kiện loại 3:
Had + S + V3/Ved, S + Would have + V3/Ved
Ví dụ: Had I known she was ill, I would have come to see her
4 Bài tập luyện tập:
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form
1 If I (find) a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight
2 If I saw a tiger walking across the park, I (climb) the tree
3 Why don’t you drive your car to work? If I (have) a car, I would drive
4 He might get rid of his cough if he _ (not smoke) so much
Trang 35 She was sent to the prison only because she refused to pay the fine; if she had paid the fine, she _ (not be) sent to prison
6 The job is much worse than I expected If I (realize) how awful it was going to be
I wouldn’t have accepted it
7 Provided you remember the password, you (be) in no danger
8 I will lend you my radio as long as you _ (bring) it back before Sunday
9 We would have gone to the talk if we _ (know) about it
10 I (buy) those shoes if I were you
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to complete the sentences:
1 If I had free time, I _ some shopping with you
A did
B will do
C would do
D would have done
2 Unless she , she will be late for school
A hurried
B hurries
C will hurry
D is hurrying
3 I would have given him this present, if I _ him
A had meet
B had met
Trang 4C meet
D met
4 Will you be angry if I _ your pocket dictionary?
A stole
B have stolen
C were to steal
D steal
5 If he the truth, the police wouldn’t have arrest him
A tells
B told
C had told
D would tell
6 If you press that button, what ?
A would happen
B would have happened
C will happen
D happen
7 If my mother me up, I will catch the bus
A doesn’t pick
B didn’t take
C not pick
Trang 5D hadn’t picked
8 If the weather is nice, I for a walk
A will go
B go
C would go
D would have gone
9 , the accident would not have happened yesterday
A If Nam drives more carefully
B If had Nam driven more carefully
C Had Nam driven more carefully
D Unless Nam had driven more carefully
10 I’d give up my job if I a big prize in a lottery
A win
B won
C had won
D would won
Exercise 3: Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same
1 What would you do if you found some buried treasure?
If you were
2 Working so much will make you tired
If you
Trang 63 We didn’t visit the museum because we hadn’t time
We would
4 Without you, I would have given up years ago
If it _
5 We didn’t go by air only because we hadn’t enough money
If we
6 If by any chance you find my wallet, could you let me know?
If you should
7 I regret not studying hard last term
If only _
8 He didn’t work hard at school, so he didn’t get a good job when he left
If _
9 People don’t do enough exercise, so there is a lot of heart disease
If people _
10 Children have bad teeth because they eat too many sweets
Children would have better teeth if
5 Đáp án bài tập luyện tập:
Exercise 1: Put the verbs in brackets into the correct form
1 If I (find) find a cheap room, I will stay a fortnight
2 If I saw a tiger walking across the park, I _would climb _ (climb) the tree
3 Why don’t you drive your car to work? If I _had _ (have) a car, I would drive
Trang 74 He might get rid of his cough if he didn’t smoke _ (not smoke) so much
5 She was sent to the prison only because she refused to pay the fine; if she had paid the fine, she wouldn’t have been _ (not be) sent to prison
6 The job is much worse than I expected If I _had realized _ (realize) how awful it was going to be I wouldn’t have accepted it
7 Provided you remember the password, you _will be_ (be) in no danger
8 I will lend you my radio as long as you bring _ (bring) it back before Sunday
9 We would have gone to the talk if we had known _ (know) about it
10 I _would buy _ (buy) those shoes if I were you
Exercise 2: Choose the best answer to complete the sentences:
1 C
2 B
3 B
4 D
5 C
6 C
7 A
8 A
9 C
10 B
Exercise 3: Rewrite each sentence beginning as shown, so that the meaning stays the same
Trang 81 If you were to find some buried treasure, what would you do?
2 If you didn’t work so much, you wouldn’t be tired
3 We would have visited the museum if we had had time
4 If it hadn’t been for you, I would have given up years ago
5 If we had had enough money, we would have gone by air
6 If you should find my wallet, could you let me know?
7 If only I had studied hard last tern
8 If he had worked hard at school, he would have got a good job when he left
9 If people did enough exercise, they wouldn’t have/ get heart disease
10 Children would have better teeth if they didn’t eat too many sweets
Mời các bạn tham khảo thêm nhiều tài liệu ôn luyện thi vào 10 hay tại: