Sau nhflng cugc ddu tranh quyet liet cfla cdng nhan cac nhd mdy d Vinh - Ben Thuy va nhung cugc tong bieu tinh vdi quy md ldn cd trang bi vfl khi tho so cfla ndng ddn hai huyen Nam D[r]
Trang 1Sir inNH Dno cun TINH UV NGHC RN
• • •
TRONG CnO TRRO CRCH MRNG 1930-1931
,^,'-.i'^:, TRANVANHANG
: , , : : , Uy vien Trung uong Dang, Bi thu Tinh uy Nghe An
Trong cao trdo cdch mang
1930-1931, cflng vdi Ha
TTnh, Nghe An trd thanh tran dia
chinh trong cugc dien tap ddu tien
cfla each mang nudc ta dudi sy lanh
dao cfla Dang Cgng san Viet Nam
Sau sy kien thdnh lap Dang
(3-2-1930), ngay 24-2-1930, Ban Chdp
hanh ldm thdi Trung uong Dang ra
Quyet nghi cong nhdn Dong Duong
Cgng san Lien doan (do phai ta cfla
Dang Tan Viet lap ra d Nghe - TTnh)
gia nhap Dang Cgng san Viet Nam
Thdng 3-1930, Dia bg phan Trung
uang ldm thdi Trung Ky dugc thanh
lap Hai Ban Chap hdnh ldm thdi Dang
bg Ddng Cgng san Viet Nam tai Nghe
An ra ddi: Tinh bg Vinh vd Tinh bg
Nghe An Cac dodn the qudn chflng
xung quanh Dang cflng dugc cflng cd
theo phuong chdm vfla dau tranh vfla Tugng ddi cong nong binh tqi ngd ba Ben Thuy, Nghe An
phdt trien td chuc Cdc cugc ddu tranh cfla ddn cd nudc, cdng- ndng Nghe An da vung
cong nhdn va ndng dan din lflc ndy da gdn len manh me cd d thdnh tM vd ndng thdn Tfl
ket vdi nhau, phdt trien theo phuang hudng, cudi nam 1929 din thang 4-1930, trong todn
muc tieu cfla cac td chfle cgng sdn vach ra tinh da nd ra 15 cugc ddu tranh, trong dd cd 5
Hod nhip vdi phong trao ddu tranh cfla nhan cugc bai cdng cfla cdng nhdn Vinh - Bin
Trang 2Thuy, 9 cugc cua nhdn dan cac huyen Thanh
Chuong va Anh S on i- ^ A
Hdng ngan chan phong trao ddu tranh
ngdy mgt ddng cao, chinh quyen thyc dan
ra sflc tam na, bat bd, giam cdm, xu an
nhieu chien sy yeu nudc vd cdch mang
De hudng dan qudn chflng ddu tranh cd
ket qua, ngay 18-3-1930, cdc to chuc Dang
keu ggi tat ca cae tdng ldp nhdn dan cdng
nhdn, cdng chfle, hgc sinh, binh linh, phu
keo xe, ngudi buon bdn nhd- cong chuc gia
nhdp td chuc each mang nhu Cong hgi do,
Ndng hgi do, Sinh hgi do, Binh hgi do de
ddu tranh ddi quyen lgi thiet thuc hdng
ngdy; ddng thdi keu ggi nhdn ddn hay
"mau mau tinh day, dodn kit nhau lgi ldm
cdch mgng ddnh do de qudc chu nghTa
Phdp, ddnh dd Nam trieu phong kien chi
do, ddnh do tu bdn thod hiip Dung chinh
phil liin hiip cdng - ndng - binh "
Nhdn ngdy 1-5-1930, Dang Cgng sdn
Viet Nam phdt dgng cdc hoat dgng ky niem
ngdy Qudc te Lao dgng Day la Idn ddu tien
ngdy Qudc te Lao dgng dugc td chuc d
Viet Nam
Hod vao cac cugc dau tranh d nhieu noi
trong todn qudc, tai Vinh - Ben Thuy da nd
ra cugc bieu tinh ldn cfla cdng - ndng ngi,
ngoai thanh Cugc bieu tinh nay do ddng
chf Le Mao (Uy vien Trung uong Ddng,
phy trdeh Tinh bg Vinh) tryc tiep chi dao,
cung cdc dong chi Hodng Trgng Tri,
Nguyen Lgi Dugc chudn bi chu ddo, sdng
1-5-1930, 1.200 ndng ddn tai cac lang Yen
Dflng, Lgc Da vd Dflc Thinh (nay Id xa
Hung Lgc, thanh pho Vinh), An Hdu, Dflc
Hdu (nay Id xa Nghi An, Nghi Due, thdnh phd Vinh), Song Lgc, Tdn Hgp (nay thugc huyen Nghi Lgc) cung mgt sd ndng ddn Nghi Xudn (Ha TTnh) bieu tinh keo vao Vinh de phoi hgp vdi cong nhdn cdc nhd mdy ddu tranh ddi thyc ddn Phap phdi thyc Men cdc yeu sach nhu: ddi tdng luong, giam suu thue, ngdy lam tdm gid
Vi nhd cdm quyen khdng ddp flng nhihig yeu cdu tdi thieu cfla dodn bieu tinh nen qudn chflng tiep tuc dau tranh Vien Cdng sfl Phdp d Vinh da huy dgng linh den canh gdc, bdo ve cdc nhd may vd sai Tri phfl Hung Nguyen dua linh den ngan can, nhung binh linh da khdng ban vao qudn chflng vd doan bieu tinh tien ve phfa Nhd may Trudng Thi Cdng nhan trong nhd mdy
bi vdy ham, so cong nhan ngoai nhd mdy nhap vao doan bieu tinh vd keo ve Ben Thuy Tai day, thuc dan Phap da dan dp cugc bieu tinh, chflng da giet hai 6 chien sy cfla ta vd Idm bi thuang 18 ngudi; hon 100 ddng bdo bi chflng bdt, nhieu ngudi trong
sd do bi dua ve giam tai Nhd lao Vinh Cugc bieu tinh ngay 151930 d Vinh -Ben Thuy cho thdy "ldn ddu trong lieh sfl cdch mang xfl ta, cong - ndng - binh bdt tay nhau giua tran tiln"' Cflng trong ngdy
1-5-1930, cung vdi Vinh - Ben Thuy, d Thanh Chuong da no ra hai cugc dau tranh ldn: Tai Trudng tieu hgc Phdp-Viet Thanh Chuong, tren 100 hgc sinh da tap hgp tai qudn Ngfl Phflc (thon Vd Liet) de td chfle
ky niem ngdy Quoc te Lao dgng Sau dd dieu hdnh thi uy xung quanh huyen ly, di qua huyen dudng Thanh Chuang, ho cdc
Trang 3khau hieu ddi bd cac hinh phat vd ly trong
nha trudng va mien suu, giam thue cho ddn
cay Cugc mft tfnh dien ra chiing td phong
trdo hgc sinh, sinh vien da phat trien ve
ndng thon va da hod nhdp vdo ldn sdng dau
tranh chung do Dang Cgng sdn lanh dao
Cflng thdi diem do, d Hanh Lam (Thanh
Chuang) da nd ra cugc bieu tinh cfla 3.000
ndng dan thugc cac lang La Mac, Hanh
Lam, Due Nhuan ddi Iai rugng ddt va
dudng di md Nguyen Tudng Vien (tflc Ky
Viin) chilm doat Ky Vien khilp sg, bd
trdn; nong dan da ddt phd todn bg dinh co
cfla y, khdi Ifla ngut trdi, tieng hd reo vang
day ed mgt vflng
Hai hdm sau, Cdng su Phap vd Tdng ddc
Nghe An cflng An sat, Thuong td, Tri
huyen Thanh Chuang dua Ifnh khd xanh vl
Hanh Lam de dan dp Trudc tinh hinh do,
hon 1.500 dan chflng d don diin Ky Vien
vd cac dia phuang lan can da do ra bao vay
quan Ifnh, ddf thuc hien cac yeu sdch cfla
dan va ddi mien suu, giam thue, quan cap
cdng dien Bgn chu.ng vua du do, vfla ham
doa nhung khong sao pha dugc vdng vay
cfla doan ngudi bieu tinh Chung da dien
cuong xa sung vao nhirng ngudi dan, Iam
18 ngudi chet va 17 ngudi bi thuang
Sau do la nhiing vu bat bd keo dai, cdc
trai giam huyen va Nha lao Vinh chat nfch
tu nhdn
Sau ngay 1-5-1930, cac cdp uy da phdt
truyin dan phan ddi thyc dan Phdp va tay
sai dan dp cugc bilu tinh va keu ggi nhan
dan tilp tuc ddu tranh chdng thyc ddn,
phong kiln Td "Ngu&i laa khd" sd ra
ngdy 2-5-1930 nhdn manh: "Cugc ddu tranh & An Nam da din ngdy quyit Hit, mdi ngu&i trong anh em, chi em phdi chit thi lgi cd hdng vgn anh em, chi em khdc ke tiip, dii di qudc Phdp gi& thdi hung dc din ddu ciing khdng thi ngdn tra phong trdo cdch mgng duac "
"Dflng vl ca nudc ma xet, ngdy
1-5-1930 cd y nghTa rdt quan trgng vi ddy Id ldn ddu tien vd san Dong Duang xong pha Ifla dan dl bieu duang tinh doan ket cdch mang qudc te cfla minh va nhieu ngudi da
hy sinM'l Cdc bg phan in an tang cudng in bdo, truyen don de phan phdt ngi bg vd rdi, dan khdp mgi nai Cd do bua liem xudt Men ngdy cdng nhieu tren cac cay cao, ndc dinh, gay phan chan trong long dan chung va lam cho ke dich phai run sg
Ngay 1-5-1930 dugc coi la mdc khdi ddu cho cao trao each mang 1930-1931 do Dang Cgng san Viet Nam lanh dao
Tu ngay 1-5-1930 den cuoi thdng
8-1930, tai Nghe An da cd hdng loat cugc ddu tranh cfla cdng nhdn Vinh - Ben Thuy vd ndng dan d cac huyen dudi sy lanh dao eua cdc cap bg Ddng
Cdc hinh thflc va phuang phdp ddu tranh phd biin Id rdi truyen don, treo cd do, mit tinh, bilu tinh, dua yeu sdch, dinh cdng, bai cdng Trong cdc eugc bieu tinh da bdt ddu xudt hien cac dgi ty ve, nhung hdu hit qudn chflng da bilu tinh tay khdng, chua mang theo gay gdc, gido mdc
Phong trdo ddu tranh da cd sy kit hgp chat che, nhip nhdng giua cdng nhan vd
Trang 4nong dan, tao nen su tdc ddng tuong hd,
thflc ddy ldn nhau dudi sy chi dao cfla cdc
cdp bg ddng Cdc cugc bai cdng keo ddi cfla
cdng nhan diu nhdn dugc sy flng hg rgng
rai cfla nong dan va dan ngheo thdnh thi
Trong khi bai cdng, hang trdm cdng nhan
trd vg ldng cflng tham gia cdc cugc ddu
tranh cfla ndng dan Trong tflng cugc ddu
tranh da cd sy ket hgp kheo leo cdc khdu
hieu ddu tranh kinh te vdi ddu tranh chfnh
tri, ndng cao ddn y thflc giac ngg cua qudn
chung Ngay tu cac cugc bieu tinh trong
ngay 1-5-1930 da mang tfnh chat chinh tri
rd ret va cdng ve sau, tinh chdt chinh tri
cdng dam net, the hien trong cdc khdu hieu,
yeu sdeh cfla cdc cugc bieu tinh
LTU diem noi bat cfla phong trdo cdch
mang giai doan nay Id de ra duge muc tieu
ddu tranh cu the qua cdc khdu hiSu sdt hgp,
ddp ling rdt dflng yeu cau thiet thyc cfla
mdi tang ldp nhdn ddn; hinh thflc vd
phuang phdp dau tranh linh hoat, cd td
chuc chat che
Phuang thflc ddu tranh mdi me cfla cong
ndng Nghe - TTnh da lam cho ke thu phdi
Iflng tflng trong cdch ddi phd Khdm sfl
Trung Ky Saten (Chatel) da thfla nhdn
trong ban bdo cdo gfli Chfnh phfl Phdp
ngay 5-7- 1930: "Ldu nay, chung ta chi m&i
biit den nhitng phuang phdp hogt ddng cua
cdc ddng cdch mgng cu Ldn ndy, cdc quan
lgi hinh nhu lung tiing, bdi rdi ve su td
chiec hodn hdo cua Cdng sdn theo kieu
chdu Au Tinh thi dy dd dgt chung ta vdo
tinh trgng ddi dudng khd xic, hodc Id
nghiem tri thi khdng sao trdnh khdi bi phdn
ddi, vd cd the bi cd lap, hodc cd the cd thdi
do khoan hdng thi bi du lugn cho chung ta
Id bdt liec, yeu dudi"
Bat ngd trudc lan sdng dau tranh manh
me vdi nhung hinh thflc mdi cfla dan Xu Nghe, thuc dan Phap bugc phai ndi long chfnh sdch caf tri, gidi quyet mgt so yeu sdch cfla cdng nhdn, ndng dan, vien chfle
De chong tu tudng vgi thod man vdi nhirng ket qud da dat dugc Dang chfl truang cd vu quan chflng tiep tuc ddu tranh
manh me hon Bao "Ngu&i lao khd " ngdy 13-7-1930 da keu ggi: "Rdi day di qudc se cdi luang cho anh em it nhieu quyin lgi, song chi Id di anh em dimg phdn ddi nd thdt Chi khi ndo anh em dung day ldm cdch mgng cdng sdn ddnh dd di qudc thi m&i hit khd s&"
Mac dfl chfnh quyen thUc ddn tim mgi each ngan chan, nhung tfl cudi thdng
8-1930, phong trdo each mang d Nghe - TTnh
da phat trien vugt bac, vdi cac cugc ddu tranh ngay cang quyet liet Md ddu Id cugc dau tranh cfla hon 3.000 ndng ddn huyen Nam Ddn, ngay 30-8-1930
Hdm sau, ngdy 1-9-1930, tai Thanh Chuong dien ra cugc bieu tinh quy md ldn gdm tren 2 van ndng dan cd 5 tdng keo ve huyen ly dp ddo Tri huyen, bugc y phai thdo chay Dodn bieu tinh dap phd huyen dudng, pha trai giam, gidi thoat tfl nhdn, dap phd dai ly rugu ty cfla Phap Chfnh quyen bi vo hieu hod Bg may hdo ly cdc tdng, xd, thdn nhu ran mat ddu, lan lugt quy hang cdch mang Xa bg ndng (tflc chfnh quyen Xo vilt nong dan) len ndm
Trang 5quyen d thon, xa Xd viet Nghe - TTnh ra
ddi tu dd Nhieu xa trong hai tinh Nghe An,
Ha TTnh lap chinh quyen Xo viet
Nhu vay, neu cugc bieu tinh ngdy
1-5-1930 d Vinh - Ben Thuy dugc coi la su
kien "dflng dau day trudc" md mdn cho cao
trdo each mang 1930-1931 thi cugc bieu
tinh lich su ngdy 1-9-1930 d huyen Thanh
Chuong, tinh Nghe An dugc coi Id moc md
ddu ddnh ddu sy ra ddi cfla Xd viet Nghe
-TTnh, dinh cao cfla cao trao cdch mang
1930-1931 dujji sy lanh dao cfla Dang
Cgng sdn Viet Nam
Tinh fly Nghe An da ddnh gid sy kien
1-9-1930 d Thanh Chuang nhu sau: "Cugc
biiu tinh die ddi ndy chua timg thdy cd &
An Nam bao gi&, dd dua anh em cdng ndng
din mdt th&i ky m&i, thai ky ddu tranh kich
Hit chdng lgi tu bdn di qudc vd dia chu
phong kiin, th&i ky cdng ndng phdi hy sinh
cho cdch mgng di ddi quyen sdng vd quyin
tu do "''
Trong khi phong trdo d nong thdn phat
trien manh me, cflng trong ngdy 1-9-1930,
tai Vinh - Ben Thuy, Tong Cong hgi Vinh
dd kip thdi phdt dgng cong nhdn cdc nhd
may tong bai cdng de phoi hgp hanh dgng
vdi ndng ddn Thanh Chuang, Nam Dan
Hudng ung ldi keu ggi cfla Tdng Cdng hgi
Vinh, ngay 2-9-1930, dudi sy lanh dao cfla
Chi bg Ddng, cdng nhdn Nhd mdy Diem
Ben Thuy tiep tuc dau tranh ddi chfl thyc
Men cdc yeu sach: tang luang, bdt gid
lam, ddi phdt xa phdng de tam rua, ddi lap
quat may va son cua kinh cho do ndng
Nhflng yeu sdch do khong dugc chfl nha
mdy gidi quyet, cdng nhdn lien tuyen bo bdi cdng
Sau nhflng cugc ddu tranh quyet liet cfla cdng nhan cac nhd mdy d Vinh - Ben Thuy va nhung cugc tong bieu tinh vdi quy md ldn cd trang bi vfl khi tho so cfla ndng ddn hai huyen Nam Ddn va Thanh Chuang, phong trao each mang d Nghe -TTnh phdt trien len den dinh cao vdi sy ra ddi cfla cdc Xo viet thon xa; chfnh quyen thyc ddn bi rung chuyen, hao ly d co sd mat hieu lue, quyen cai qudn nong thdn thugc ve Xa bg nong
Mac du chinh quyen thyc ddn tim mgi each ngdn chan, nhung phong trdo each mang vdn tren da phdt trien Ngay
12-9-1930, khoang 8.000 nong ddn thugc ba tdng Phu Long, Thdng Lang (huyen Hung Nguyen) va Nam Kim (Nam Dan) tinh Nghe An tien hanh mft tfnh, bfeu tinh quy
md Idn Cugc bieu tinh dudi sy lanh dao cfla Tinh bg Vinh, tryc tiep la cdc dong chi
Le Doan Sim, Nguyen Phflc Mac du bi mgt toan linh ham dga, trdi lai mua to, nhung dodn bieu tinh van gift nghiem hang ngfl tien ve huyen ly Hung Nguyen
Khi doan bieu tinh keo din Thai Lao, mdy bay cfla thuc ddn Phdp nhdo xudng nhd dan, trflt bom vdo doan bilu tinh, lam nhieu ngudi chet vd bi thuang Cung lflc
do, bgn linh tfl Vinh len dan dp, cugc bilu tinh phdi giai tan Budi chilu, khi ba con ndng dan ra kham liem vd chdn cdt nhflng ddng bao da hy sinh, may bay giac Phap lai den tan sat mgt ldn nua Sd ngudi thiet mang len toi 217 ngudi va 125 ngudi bi
Trang 6thuong Ngodi ra, chflng cdn bdt bd, giam
cdm hang chuc ngudi
Vy tdn sdt cyc ky da man, vd nhdn dao
nay da lam chdn dgng du luan trong nude
vd qudc tl Ngdy 12-9-1930 trd thanh ngay
ky niem Xd vilt Nghe - TTnh hdng ndm
De qudc Phdp am muu dap tdt nhanh
chdng nggn Ifla Xo vilt Nghe - TTnh bang
bom dan, nhung chflng da that bai Nggn
lua cam thfl cdng sue soi trong ldng hang
trieu ngudi, vd ldn sdng dau tranh cang
ddng cao
Tu gifla thang 9-1930, khap noi trong
tinh dd dien ra cdc cugc mft tinh, bieu tinh,
truy dieu ddng bdo hy sinh d Thai Lao ngay
12-9 Ldn nhdt Id le truy dieu do Tinh uy to
chuc d ldng Lgc Da (nay thugc xd Hung
Lgc, Thanh phd Vinh) vd d Chg Cdn
(Thanh Chuang) Cugc mft tinh vd Ie truy
dieu d chg Con cd hang chuc ngan qudn
chung tham dy va hang trdm ty ve do bdo
ve Tinh uy Nghe An va Ha TTnh phat
truyen don, dang bdo ca nggi tinh than ddu
tranh cfla qudn chung; ddng thdi len dn tgi
ac cfla thuc dan Phap vd tay sai ,:;,;
Truyen don xuat hien nhieu nai Ngi
dung cdc truyen don len dn tgi dc tdy trdi
cfla thyc dan Phdp vd keu ggi quan chflng
ddu tranh: "Anh em, chi em hdy cung v&i
Ddng Cdng sdn hgp thdnh mat hdng trgn
de chdng lgi v&i chinh sdch tdn dc ciia de
qudc Phdp vd ddi quyen tu do
1- Khdng dugc dung den ndng ddn
Nghi-TTnh!
2- Khdng dugc dudi cdng nhdn xd Di
Thgp!
3- Khdng dugc bdn giit cdc cugc bieu tinh! ,•';;• / , , j ; - \ , \ •••:') n - s ' ' ' ' • > : ' ; : l f M j 4- Khdng dugc nem bom tdn sdt!
Ddnh dd chinh sdch khung bd Ddnh dd de qudc Phdp vd Nam triiu \ Ddi quyen ddc lap cho nu&c Viet Nam! • Ddng Cdng sdn Viet Nam "^
Cuoi thang 10-1930, Dai hgi dai bilu Dang bg Nghe An ldn thfl nhdt dugc to chuc tai ldng Dong Xudn (nay thugc xa Xudn Tudng, Thanh Chuong) Cdp tren phai mgt dai bieu ve dy vd chi dao Dai hgi Thdnh cdng cfla Dai hgi Dang bg tinh trong thdi diem nudc sdi lua bdng cd y nghTa vo cung quan trgng Neu khdng cd sy lanh dao chi dao sat sao, kip thdi cfla cdc cap bg dang thi phong trao se khong trdnh khdi sa vdo xu hudng manh dgng va rat de
bi ke dich dap tdt nhanh chdng
Chfnh quyen Xo viet d thon, xa ma ndng cdt la cdc dang vien da tien hanh chia rugng ddt cdng, tien Ifla cong cho dan cdy Cham dflt viec nop thue cho chfnh quyen thyc ddn phong kien, ddng thdi cac Xo vilt bugc cdc tong ly phdi trd lai cho dan cac khodn tien thue da thu, bugc cac chfl hg phai cho hodn ng, giam td va bd cdc khoan
td phu cho ndng ddn Nhieu noi, Xa' bg ndng dd td chuc dap dap, dao muong, tdt nudc chdng han
Bg may chinh quyen thyc ddn phong kien cung nhiing luat le cfla chflng bi pha
bd, chfnh quyen Xd viet thuc hien quyln ty
do dan chfl cho nhan ddn nhu ty do di hgc, nam nu binh ddng trong hon nhdn, Cdc dgi ty ve do dugc thanh lap d l trdn dp,
Trang 7trflng tri bgn phan each mang, bao ve tri an
trong thdn xdm Cdc Xo vilt ra sue bai tni
nhflng hfl tuc me tfn di doan Hgi Phu nu
giai phdng lap cac nhdm hg san giflp nhau
lflc sinh de Ddc biet, viec hgc chfl qudc
ngu dugc coi trgng
Dudi sy lanh dao cua cdc cap bg dang,
cdc Xd vilt dd gan ddu tranh chdng
khung bd vdi chdng dau thfl, in vd phdt
truyen don, tai lieu tuyen truyen, vach
tran am muu, thfl doan tham dgc cfla
dich, CO vfl qudn chflng dau tranh Do do,
trudc su khflng bo trang hit sue tan bao
cfla thyc dan Phdp, phong trao khdng bi
ddp tdt nhanh, budc vao thdi ky bdo ve,
cflng cd luc lugng, chudn bi cho cugc
ddu tranh mdi
C5 Nghe An, nhilu vung Xd vilt vdn tdn
tai cho din thdng 3-1931 Tai Thanh
Chuong, cd noi chfnh quyln Xd vilt vdn
gift dugc tdi thang 10-1931
Trudc nhirng dm muu thfl doan thdm
dgc cfla ke dich, de duy tri vai trd vd uy tfn
cfla Ddng, dap tan mgi ludn dieu tuyen
truyen phdn cdch mang cfla dich, Tinh uy
Nghe An cflng cdc cdp bg ddng da dac biet
chu trgng cdng tdc tu tudng, md cdc ldp
hudn luyen chinh tri ngdn ngdy, su dung
mgi phuang tien tuyen truyin, cd dgng dl
cflng CO, ndng cao giac ngg each mang cho
qudn chflng
Net ndi bat trong thdi ky nay Id bdo chf
cua Ddng xudt hien, rdt kip thdi va phong
phu Cdc bdo Ngu&i laa khd, Cdng ndng
binh, Chi dgo, Vd sdn, Tranh ddu Tinh uy
Nghe An cd bao Tiin lin Huyen uy Hung
Nguyen cd bao Sdn nghiep Nam Dan cd bdo Gide ngg, Thanh Chuang cd bao Nhd qui, Anh Son cd bao Guong vd sdn, Quynh Luu cd bdo Tia sdng, Lao ddng, Nghi Lgc
cd bdo Ddn ngheo
Ngodi bdo chf, tho ca each mang phdt trien xudt hien ngdy cdng nhieu Trong nhflng nam 1930-1931, tha van Xd vilt Nghe - TTnh dugc luu truyin rgng rai trong qudn chflng vdi nhieu thl loai phong phfl: tho ca, hd ve, dien van, co dgng, cau ddi, vdn dieu, van truy dieu Tho van Xd vilt Nghe - TTnh cd tdc dung phan anh phong trao cdch mang, ca nggi tinh than dau tranh oanh liet cfla qudn chung, giao due sdu sdc
ly tudng dau tranh cho mgt xa hgi tuong Iai, tu do, hanh phflc, vfla to cdo tgi dc, vach tran am muu, thu doan cfla de qudc -phong kien
Song song vdi cong tdc tu tudng, cdng tdc to chfle cflng dugc cac cap bg ddng chu trgng Tfl thang 3-1931, Xfl uy Trung Ky
da quylt dinh giai the Tinh bg Vinh, lap ra Khu uy Vinh vd Khu uy Ben Thuy tryc thugc Xu uy Trung Ky; sap nhap mgt sd chi bg thugc Dang bg Nghi Lgc vd Hung Nguyen (trudc thugc Tinh bg Vinh) vao Dang bg Nghe An CJ mgt sd huyen lap ra cdc phan bg dang de chi dao timg vung cho sdt thyc tl
Nhung bien phdp tu tudng va td chuc tren da gdp phdn xay dyng, cflng cd, bdo
ve to chuc dang va duy tri phong trdo cdch mang
Mac du bj khflng bd trdng, d hdu khdp cdc vung Xd vilt, kl tu ddu nam din giua
Trang 8ndm 1931, cdc td chfle dang vd td chuc quan
chung vdn phat triln vdi tdc do nhanh
Cdng tdc binh van da dugc chfl trgng
Trong Thdng cdo ngdy 29-4-1931, Ban
Thudng vu Tinh uy Nghe An vach rd: Mdi
chi bg phai ra mgt ddng chf chuyen trdeh
ve viec lien lac vdi Ifnh trong mgt thdi gian
ngdn ngfli sap tdi day Huyen bg ndo, phan
chi bg ndo cflng phdi td chuc cho dugc co
sd trong quan linh Dung tinh cdm dan tgc
md keo cho dugc qudng dai qudn chung
linh theo dnh hudng cfla Dang Theo tinh
thdn Thdng edo, cdc cap bg ddng da dflng
mgi hinh thuc tuyen truyen giac ngg anh
em binh linh ngudi Viet va ca ngudi nudc
ngoai Sau dd tai Vinh xuat hien nhflng
truyin don bang ba thu tilng Due, Phap,
Viet keu ggi binh linh flng hg cdch mang
Viet Nam
Thuc ddn Phap lam tudng rang chflng
cd the nhanh chdng dan dp dugc "loan
cgng sdn" d Nghe - TTnh, song thyc te
chung da phai chat vat hang nua nam,
dieu linh, tdng qudn, dung cd mdy bay
nem bom vd tien hanh nhieu thfl doan md
vdn chua kiem sodt dugc cdc vflng cd
phong trdo cdch mang phdt trien Chflng
da phdi thfl nhdn tren td bdo Cdng lugn
xudt bdn tai Sdi Gdn: "Chung ta khdng
the ngdn chgn dugc phang trdo do bdng
bgo luc vii trang, b&i vi todn thi ddn
chung chdng lgi chinh quyen vd quan lgi,
b&i vi qudn ddi ddn dp rut khdi thi nhieng
ngu&i cdn sdng sdt trong cdc ldng lgi tic
btii ram vd day sdng nhdy ra td chuc lgi
cdc Xd viet"
Khoang gifta nam 1931, thyc dan Phdp
da tang cudng quan sd len gdp nhieu Ian Ngay 24-4-1931, chflng dilu 400 linh khd
do tfl Hd Ngi vdo Vinh Chflng cdn dieu linh khd xanh tfl cac noi ve vd dung len d Nghe - TTnh 123 ddn binh va ddn bang ta (cd Nghe -TTnh cd tdi 100 ten bang td) Ngoai ra, cdn cd 6 ddn linh le duong d 6 vung xung yeu: Vinh - Ben Thuy, Nam Dan, Thanh Chuang, Due Thg, thi xa Hd TTnh Cd chd dya, bgn quan lai, hdo Iy phdn dgng ngoc ddu day cdu ket vdi thyc dan Phdp dan dp phong trao cdch mang, bdt
bd trdn lan Den dau nam 1932, rieng Nghe
An da cd tdi 6.681 ngudi bigiam cdm, gdn 1.500 ngudi bi giet hai
Trong tinh hinh dich ddnh phd rao riet bang nhieu thfl doan tinh vi, xao quyet, co quan Xfl uy Trung Ky van ton tai trong sy bao ve khon kheo cfla quan chflng cdch mang Vinh - Ben Thuy
Cudi nam 1931, cac vflng Xd viet bi thu hep dan, ddng vien, can bg va quan chflng
bi bdt, bi giet nhieu So can bg mdi dugc bd sung thay the cdn thieu kinh nghiem boat dgng bi mat NhGng chi thi cua cdp tren khdng ve co sd dugc nhanh nhu trudc Nhieu noi khong biet Iinh hoat thay doi cdch thflc dau tranh, cdn mdy mdc rap khudn, keo qudn chflng dan hdng ngang bieu tinh, ldm bgc lg lyc lugng, vo tinh tao
cd cho dich tdn sdt Nhieu chi bg ddng Iflng tung ve phuang phdp boat dgng
Cao trdo cdch mang ma dinh cao Id Xd viet Nghe - TTnh da gay tilng vang ldn trong ca nudc vd tren the gioi Nd da "gdp
Trang 9phdn tang them anh hudng cgng san trong
cac thugc dia, nhdt la cac nudc phuong
Dong"^ va ndng cao dia vi cfla Dang ta tren
trudng quoc te Trong phien hgp ngdy
II-4-1931, Hgi nghi toan thl ldn thu 11 Ban
Chap hdnh Qudc tl Cgng san da cdng nhdn
Dang Cgng san Dong Duong la Phdn bg
dgc lap cfla Quoc te Cgng sdn "Thang lgi
cfla Ddng ta trong cao trao cdch mang
1930-1931 la Dang da thyc hien dugc khoi
lien minh cdng - nong, do dd da gianh dugc
quyen lanh dao each mang cho giai cdp
cdng nhan"^
Trong lanh dao ddu tranh Dang bg
Nghe An da tao ra dugc su phdi hgp chat
che vd nhip nhdng giua phong trdo cdng
nhan vd ndng dan, thudng xuyen tdc dgng,
ho trg, thflc ddy nhau cung phdt trien Dd la
sy lien minh tu giac, cd to chuc gifla hai
giai cdp chu lyc cfla each mang dudi sy
Idnh dao thdng nhdt cfla Dang bg
Trong thdi ky dau cfla cao trdo each
mang 1930-1931, Dang bg da de ra dugc
nhflng khdu hieu sat dflng, phu hgp vai
nguyen vgng vd quyen lgi thiet than hang
ngdy cfla cdc tdng ldp nhan dan nen da
nhanh chdng tao dugc phong trdo ddu tranh
sdi ndi khdp thanh thi vd ndng thdn Nhilu
cugc bieu tinh cd to chuc da gidnh dugc
thdng lgi, dat dugc muc tieu dl ra Chinh
quyen thyc dan da phai chap nhan mgt sd
yeu sdch cfla nhdn dan
Tuy nhien, diem yeu cfla cac cdp bg
dang d Nghe An la chua loi cudn dugc tdt
cd cac tang ldp nhan dan vdo cugc ddu
tranh, tao thanh mat trdn rgng rdi chdng dl
qudc - phong kiln Vl phuang phap ddu tranh, cdc cdp uy dang da khdng nhay ben
de kip thai lanh dao qudn chung thay ddi hinh thuc dau tranh dl bao ve td chfle, bdo
ve tinh mang quan chflng Cang ve cuoi phong trao, tinh chat manh dgng cfla nong dan, tieu tu san bgc lg ra cdng dam net Dieu do da vd tinh tao cd cho dich tan sat mgt cdch da man cdc vung "do"
Thuc tien sinh dgng tfl cao trdo each mang 1930-1931 ma dinh cao la Xd viet Nghe - TTnh da de lai cho Ddng bg Nghe
An vd Dang bg Ha TTnh cflng todn Ddng nhirng bai hgc vo cflng sdu sac, cd nhung bdi hgc thanh cong va chua thanh cdng trong lanh dao va chi dao phong trdo
1 Van kien Ddng (1930-1935), Ban Nghien
ciiu Lich SU' Dang Trung irong xuat ban, H,1977,
T l , t r 5 1
2 Hong The Kong: Sa thdo lich sie phong trdo cong sdn Dong Duong
3 Ho so luu tai Van phong Tinh uy Nghe An
4 Vdn kien Ddng bg Ddng Cgng sdn Viet Nam tinh Nghe An, tr.49
5 Theo Vdn kien Ddng bg Ddng Cgng sdn Viet Nam tinh Nghe An, tr.55
6 Vdn kien Ddng (1930-1945), Ban Nghien
ciiu ljch sur Dang Trung uo'ng, Ha Noi, 1977, T.l, tr.289
7 Truong - Chinh: Tien len dudi Id ca cua Ddng, ST, a, 1963, tr.9