cac van de toan cau nhu cai td Hdi ddng Bao an Lien hiep qudc. cac cuge thuang nghi ve mau dich the gidi, va sy bien ddi khi hau. Nhung nhiem vu chinh phuc chau Phi cd the khdng de da[r]
Trang 1•I" / - j ^ i l , i:ji, u f i :
; ^, !ini •:iu-t.r\-,
SW CANH TRANH VI TH^ GIOA TRUNG QU6C VA A N 00
TAI CHAU PHI NHU'NG NAM D A U T H ^ KY XXI
Tran Bach Hieu*
C d the nhan thay chau Phi hien
nay dang tryc dien ddi mat vdi
nhirng lan sdng dau tu, tham dd d
at va nhieu chua timg thay tir phia Trung
Qudc va An Do Ca Trung Qudc va An Do
deu la hai nude cd tdc do tang trudng kinh te
hang dau the gidi, cd vii khi hat nhan va cd
dan sd ldn nhat nhi the gidi Va dudng nhu
chau Phi ciing da nhan thirc dugc rang hai
nude nay chinh la nhiing nha dau tu ldn, thi
trudng ldn cua chau Phi Ngugc lai, chau Phi
ciing dang hien hiru tren the gidi vdi hinh hai
cua mdt "viing dat hira" - mdt thi trudng day
hira hen vdi cac nude va td chirc tren the
gidi Thuc te nhiing nam dau the ky XXI
dang chimg minh su gia tang anh hudng cua
ca Trung Qudc va An Do den chau Phi la de
tim kiem Igi ich va dac biet la nham khang
dinh vi the cua minh
1 061 vai Trung Qudc
Thae sT, Bo mon Khoa hoc Chinh tri,
Truong Dai hoc Khoa hoc Xa hoi va Nhan van
Nhiing nam dhu the ky XXI, Trung Qudc
dugc menh danh la "cdng xudng ciia the gidi" Trung Qudc dang cd gang tiep can cac tai nguyen chau Phi ma hg thieu thdn d trong nude Ben canh do, chau Phi ciing la mdt thi trudng hap dan cac cdng ty Trung Qudc von dang phai ddi mat vdi sy canh tranh ngay cang ldn d ndi dia
Quan he truyen thdng ciia Trung Qudc vdi cac nude chau Phi da giup Trung Qudc rat nhieu tren mat tran ngoai giao tren the gidi
vi cac nude chau Phi thudng bo phieu nhu la mdt khdi trong cac ca quan qudc te Cac nude chau Phi da iing hg Trung Qudc rat manh me trong viec chdng lai cac nghi quyet tai Lien hiep qudc ciia mot sd nude phuang Tay td cao Trung Qudc ve van de vi pham nhan quyen Cac nude chau Phi ciing giiip Trung Qudc loai bd het tat ca mgi yeu cau cua Dai Loan gia nhap Td chirc Y te the gidi (WHO) va cac td chirc qudc te khac Ngoai
ra, cac nude chau Phi cdn giup Trung Qudc
Tap chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUXIG DOXG so 11 (51) thang 11/2009
Trang 2Si/canh tranh vi the giu'a Tran Bach Hieu
thang cuge dau thau dang cai The van hdi
nam 2008 va Hdi chg thi gidi (World Expo)
nam 2010.'
Chien luge ciia Trung Qudc ddi vdi chau
Phi la tiep can cac ngudn lye ma lau nay
chua dugc khai thae Chien luge dd ddi hdi
mdt su dau tu rdng khap vao ITnh vuc khai
md, tham dd dau khi, xay dyng ca sd ha tang
nhu dudng dng dan dau, dudng bd, dudng
sat, cac nha may dien Hien nay khoang
30% tdng sd dau md Trung Qudc nhap la tir
chau Phi, chii yeu tir Sudan, Angola, va
Congo-Brazaville Nam 2005, Trung Qudc
nhap 2,6 trieu thiing dau mdi ngay, trong dd
khoang 800 ngan thiing la tir 3 nude ndi tren
Theo Quy Tien te Qudc te (IMF), hang xuat
khau chu yeu cua Angola la dau va 99% xuat
khau cua Sudan ciing la dau Trung Qudc
hien nay mua 35%o tdng sd dau xuat khau ciia
Angola va 65% tdng sd dau xuat khau cua
Sudan Lugng dau Trung Qudc mua tir
Sudan tuong duong 7% tdng lugng dau
Trung Qudc can dimg Hien nay khoang
40%) cac xi nghiep dau md tai chau Phi la
ciia Trung Qudc.^
Hon nira, cd the ndi viec tang cudng tinh
doan ket va hgp tac vdi cac nude chau Phi tir
lau da trd thanh mdt trong nhiing muc tieu
ldn trong chinh sach ddi ngoai ddc lap va
boa binh ciia Trung Qudc Myc tieu chinh
sach ddi ngoai ciia Trung Qudc hien nay va
trong hai thap nien tdi la tao dyng mdi trudng
qudc te hda binh, dn dinh tao dieu kien thuan
Igi thuc hien cdng cuge hien dai hda tang
cudng sire manh tdng hgp qudc gia ddng thdi
nang cao vai trd va anh hudng ciia Trung
Qudc d khu vyc va tren trudng qudc te, vuon
Ien thanh mdt cudng qudc toan dien tren the
gidi.^ Khdng chi thiet tha vdi viec gin giii va phat trien quan he huu nghi truyen thdng Trung Qudc - chau Phi coi trgng nhiing Igi ich eg ban ciia hai ben Trung Qudc cdn quan tam tdi viec thiet lap va phat trien mdt loai hinh ddi tac chien luge mdi vdi chau Phi mang dac diem binh dang, tin tuong lan nhau ve mat chinh tri hgp tac tren tinh than
"ciing thang" ve mat kinh te va tang cudng giao luu trong ITnh vuc van hoa Nhiing nguyen tac va muc tieu chii dao trong chinh sach ciia Trung Qudc ddi vdi chau Phi cd the dugc tdm luge nhu sau: Thir nhat duy tri tinh hiru nghi chan thanh • va ddi xu binh dang; Thir hai, dam bao hai ben ciing cd Igi hudng tdi sy phat trien ciing chia se; Thir ba, ung hd lan nhau va phdi hgp chat che; Thii
tu, hgc hdi lan nhau, ciing nghien cim nhirng con dudng phat trien; Thir nam, nguyen tac mdt nude Trung Qudc duy nhat la nen tang chinh tri trong viec thiet lap va phat trien quan he cua Trung Qudc vdi cac qudc gia chau Phi ciing nhu vdi cac td chirc trong khu vyc Tren thyc te thi mdt trong nhirng dieu kien ve chinh tri ma Trung Qudc dat ra cho cac nude chau Phi la de cd dugc dau tu cua Trung Qudc cac nude nay phai chap nhan chinh sach mdt nude Trung Qudc va phai khudc tir Dai Loan Hien nay chi cd 5 nude cdn quan be vdi Dai Loan la Gambia Burkina Faso, Sao Tome Swaziland va Malawi Nhung Trung Qudc mong rang vdi nhung hira hen ve vien trg va dSu tu cac nude nay se dan dan cat dirt cac quan he vdi Dai Loan.'*
Nhu vay trong nhirng nam dm l\\k ky
XXI quan he Trung Qudc - chau Phi da dugc xay dyng tren co so ddi ben cimg cd
Tap chi nghien ciru CII.AU PHI & TKUXG DO.XG so 11 (51) thang 11/2009 -W
Trang 3Tran Bach Hieu Sdcanh tranh vi the giO'a
Igi, Trung Quoc xk ck\ thi trudng chau Phi
va ngugc lai chau Phi rat can sy dau tu tir
phia Trung Qudc La mot thi trudng ldn,
tiem nang ldn nhung dudng nhu chau Phi
van chua tim dugc ldi di chung cho con
dudng thinh vugng ciia ca chau lye Trong
thyc te, Trung Qudc da rat nhay ben vdi thi
trudng chau Phi bang viec dat muc tieu dau
tu, khai thae thi trudng ddi ben "ciing thang"
vdi chau Phi nhu mot ndi dung cot yeu trong
chinh sach ddi ngoai cua qudc gia nay vdi
chau Phi
2 06i vo"! An Do
Trong lich sir, An Do da timg xay dyng
quan he chat che vdi chau Phi va kien tri iing
hd cuge dau tranh gianh ddc lap ciia cac
nude chau Phi nham chdng lai chu nghTa
thuc dan bao hd chau Au Nhung anh hudng
ciia An Do tai chau lye nay da phai nhat
trong may thap nien qua khi An Do tap trung
vao viec xay dung quan he bang giao chat
che ban vdi cac nude ddi tac ldn tren the
gidi nhu My hay EU Tuy nhien, trong
nhimg nam dau the ky XXI, An Do da va
dang cd nhieu boat ddng nham that chat
them mdi quan he An Do - chau Phi nham
myc tieu nang cao vj the chinh tri ciia minh
trong khu vuc giau tai nguyen nay Dien
hinh la tai Hdi nghi thugng dinh An Do
-chau Phi dien ra vao thang 4/2008, Thir
trudng Ngoai giao An Do cho rang ca hai
ben se hgp tac trong cac ITnh vyc nhu ndng
nghiep, an toan thyc pham, phat triSn tai
nguyen, nhan sy va phat trien co sd ha ting
Ngoai ra An Do va chau Phi ciing cd tiem
nang hgp tac dang ke trong cac ITnh vyc
nang lugng va khai khoang Sd ddng ngudi
gdc An Do dang djnh cu d Ddng Phi la nhan
td quan trgng cd the giup tang cudng cac mdi quan he hgp tac song phuang giira An
Do va chau Phi Cac chuyen gia phan tich chinh tri cho biet An Do chu tri hdi nghi nay
de dieu chinh dieu hg ggi la sy loi la ciia New Delhi ddi vdi chau Phi trong ma\ thap nien vira qua.^ Hdi nghi dien ra trong boi canh quan he hgp tac song phuong An Dp-chau Phi da va dang dat nhiing ket qua tich cue Kim ngach thucmg mai giiia An Dd va chau Phi da tang tir 967 trieu USD nam 1991 len hon 20 ty USD nam tai chinh 2006-2007 Ddng thdi chau Phi dang la khu vyc dugc nhieu nude ldn nhu Trung Qudc, My quan tam.^ Phat bieu y kien tai hdi nghi, Thu tudng An Do Manmohan Singh nhan manh rang da den liic An Do va chau Phi can tag ra mdt CO cau mdi de ciing nhau hgp tac Ong ciing tuyen bd ke hoach uu dai thue cho hang hoa xuat khau cua 50 nude ngheo vao An
£>o, trong dd cd 34 nude chau Phi Thu
tudng An £>o cho biet, trong 5 den 6 nam tdi
An Do se tai trg cho cac dy an tri gia ban
500 trieu USD tai chau Phi, trong dd uu tien cac dy an phat trien eg sd ha tang cac nganh dudng sat cdng nghe thdng tin, vien thdng
va dien lye Trong 5 nam qua An Do da danh cho cac qudc gia va cac tap doan kinh doanh cua chau Phi cac khoan tin dyng tdng tri gia 2,15 ty USD va dy kiSn se tang gap ddi len 5,4 ty USD trong 5 nam tdi Hdi nghi cap cao New Delhi khdng chi cung cd va nang cao vi the ciia cac nude dang phat trien,
ma cdn tien tdi viec An Do xoa ng cho cac nude ngheo nhat tren the gidi trong dd cd nhieu nude chau Phi.^ Hon nua, An Do ciing mudn cd anh hudng ldn ban ve chinh tri tai chau Phi de cd the quy ty dugc hau thuan ciia khdi ldn cac qudc gia tren luc dja nay ve
Tap chi nghien ciru CII.AU PHI & TKUXG DO.XG so 11 (51) thang 11/2009
Trang 4SIf canh tranh vi the giu'a Tran Bach Hieu
cac van de toan cau nhu cai td Hdi ddng Bao
an Lien hiep qudc cac cuge thuang nghi ve
mau dich the gidi, va sy bien ddi khi hau
Nhung nhiem vu chinh phuc chau Phi cd the
khdng de dang
Cac ddng thai tren da chiing td: An Do
dang gia tang anh hudng manh me tai chau
Phi, tir dd trd thanh mdt trong nhirng ddi thii
canh tranh true tiep vdi Trung Qudc trong
viec tranh thii cac nude chau Phi giau tai
nguyen va cd thi trudng rdng ldn khdng chi
ve mat kinh te ma cdn ve mat chinh tri An
Do la qudc gia cdng nghiep mdi ndi, nam
trong nhdm G20 cimg Trung Qudc chau Phi
la chau luc cd vi tri sat sudn ciia An Do, it
nhieu cd nhirng net tuong ddng ve dia li,
thuan Igi ve giao thucmg va chia se trach
nhiem trudc nhiing van de toan cau nhu ddi
ngheo dich benh va thien tai de dang hon
Cd le sy phat trien cua An Do trong tuong
lai se khdng the khdng tinh tdi chau Phi - thi
trudng cd tinh chat tuang hd chat che ddi vdi
An Do trong cac myc tieu kinh te va chinh
tri cu the ciia minh Vi the chinh sach ciia
An Do ddi vdi chau Phi nhirng nam dau the
ky XXI da the hien manh me quan diem gan
gui, coi trgng nhau tren tinh than chia se, giai
quyet cac van de chung va dan dan nang cap
quan he giiia An Do vdi timg nude chau Phi
3 SLP canh tranh giCpa Trung Qudc
va An Do tai chau Phi
Theo nhan dinh tir phia bao chi Trung
Qudc, ca Trung Qudc va An Do deu rat bimg
thii vdi chau Phi Va rang, hg thich su dung
chinh sach "ngoai giao yen lang" tai chau
Phi.^ Cac chuyen gia phan tich kinh te va
chinh tri Trung Qudc nhan dinh rang, "the ky
Thai Binh Duong" ciia Trung Qudc se tdn tai
khdng lau nii'a vii dai kinh te tiep theo ciia the gidi chinh la An Do Duong An Do chinh la myc tieu ciia Trung Qudc neu di trudc mdt budc Trung Qudc se cd nhiing uu the canh tranh mdi.^
Thirc te la ngudi An Do da xuat hien d chau Phi tir kha lau, tir xua den nay cac giao
dich thucmg mai cua An ^o thdng qua An
Do Duong da trd nen rat thinh vugng Vi the nen Trung Qudc khdng the cgi nhe An Do Trudc het xet ve lau dai phuang an tiep can chau Phi ciia An Do va Trung Qudc hoan toan khdng gidng nhau Trong khi con dudng ma Trung Qudc lya chgn tai chau Phi
la hoan toan mdi me - dd la dau tu \ ao co so
ha tang vdi ngudn vdn bd ra tuong ddi ldn thi con dudng chu yeu den chau Phi ciia An
Do chinh la quan he thuang mai Chinh nhd vao dau tu thuang mai ma con dudng den chau Phi cua An Do trd nen ngan ban Cac qudc gia chau Phi dang ndi len vdi tu each
mdt thi trudng ldn cho hang hda cua An ^o
vao liic cac nude na) dat dugc sy tang trudng manh Mdt quan chirc An Do da ndi:
"Neu Trung Qudc chii trgng dau lira va cac khoang san ciia chau Phi thi An Do chii trgng nhieu hon den cac quan he ddi tac kinh
te ddi ben cimg cd lgi".'°
An Do ciing mudn tan dung ngudn tai
nguyen ddi dao ciia chau Phi cho nen kinh \k
dang tang trudng ciia minh Song An Do hien phai canh tranh rao riet vdi Trung Qudc
ve mat nay nhat la ve cac ngudn nang lugng Mdt chuyen gia ve chau Phi tai trudng dai hgc Jawaharlal Nehru o New Delhi, dng A.K Pasha ndi rang "chau Phi dang trd thanh mdt trung tam dSu khi mdi
tren loan cau"." "Sy tang truang kinh \k
Tap chi nghien ciru CII.AU PHI & TRlfXG DOXG so 11 (51) thang 11/2009
Trang 5Tran Bach Hieu St/canh tranh vi the giWa
nhanh chdng cua An Do budc nude nay phai
cd nhiing ngudn nang lugng an toan ca ve
dau hda lan khi ddt, each xa viing Vinh hay
dao ddng Nhilu thoa hiep da dugc chung
quyet vdi cac nude nhu Ai Cap, Lybia
Algeri va Nigeria, va nay chimg ta dang
nham vao Angola va Gabon" "
Nhirng nam dan th6 ky XXI, Trung Qudc
va chau Phi da nhanh chdng md rdng cac mdi
quan he ca ve kinh te va chinh tri ke tir khi
toan thi gidi budc sang the ky mdi Sy vuon
rdng cua Trung Qudc tdi chau Phi dugc tien
hanh bdi nhieu doanh nhan, tap doan nha
nude cimg nhieu cdng ty thugc sd hiru cua
chinh quyen cac tinh thanh Trong khi mot sd
lugng nhd doanh nghiep tu nhan chiem uu the
trong dau tu vao thuong mai va san xuat thi
cac cdng ty nha nude thudng dau tu vao cac
dy an co sd ha tang va khai khoang Trong
nhiing gdi dau tu ket hgp, cac the che va cac
cdng ty nha nude hgp tac chat che vdi nhau
Chinh phii Tmng Qudc khdng tmc tiep can
thiep vao quyet dinh dau tu ciia cac doanh
nghiep nha nude nhung giiip dd va khich le
hg bang hinh thirc hd trg tai chinh va ngoai
giao Ngan hang China Exim Bank la mot
ngudn cung cap tai chinh chu chdt cho cac dy
an a chau Phi cua nhdm doanh nghiep nha
nude Hdi thang 5/2007 China Exim Bank
cam ket se trao cho chau Phi cac khoan vav'
xap xi 20 ty' USD trong vdng 3 nam tdi
Trong khi do, nam 2006, Ngan hang The gidi
phe chuan cac dy an tri gia 4.8 t)' USD cho
chau Phi.'^
Cdn ve ITnh vyc thuong mai kim ngach
xuat nhap khau giira An Do vdi cac nude
chau Phi dang gia tang deu dan va dat tdi
mirc hon 20 ty USD trong nam 2006 Tuv
nhien, miic nay cdn rat thap so vdi tiem nang, trong khi do kim ngach xuat nhap khau cua Trung Qudc vdi chau Phi len tdi 55 ty USD trong ciing thdi ky D§u tu cua Trung Qudc vao chau Phi hien nay udc tinh khoang 1,5 ty USD mot nam cd it nhat 700 doanh nghiep Trung Qudc da dau tu trien khai cac
du an CLia minh tai chau luc nay va thuang mai cua Trung Qudc vdi chau Phi la gan 50
tv USD 14
Rd rang rang Trung Qudc va An Do gid day khdng chi dugc nhin vdi tu each la nhirng nude canh tranh vdi nliau ma cdn nhu nhirng nude ddng gdp tdi sy phat trien tang trudng ben vimg ddi vdi nen kinh te the gidi ndi chung chau Phi ndi rieng Hon niia dieu nay dugc ung hd boi nhiing sang kien ngoai giao de giai quyet cac xung dot khu vyc d chau Phi Cd the ndi mdi quan he tam giac Trung Qudc, An Do va chau Phi cd tam anh hudng chien luge tdi viec lien ket thyc hien kinh te o ca chau A va chau Phi Trong mdt the gidi nang dgng nhu hien nay nhiing chinh sach don phuang va da phuong ciia Trung Qudc va An Do phai dugc tiep can trong quan he cua chinh nen kinh te chinh tri ddi ndi va ddi ngoai cua hg
Tdm lai, sy canh tranh vi the giira Trung Qudc va An Do tai chau Phi hien nay la mdt thyc te, nd the hien rd net tu duy kinh te chinh tri cua thdi dai toan cau hoa va nhu cau cua su phat trien Trong nhung nam dau the ky XXI khi quan he qudc te nga}' cang phat trien sau rdng va phan anh sy tham gia rdng rai cua tat ca cac chu the trong dd co cac nen kinh te mdi ndi va ciing la nhirng ga khdng Id cua nen kinh te the gidi nhu Trung Qudc va An Do thi bat k)' qudc gia, khu vuc
Tap chi nghien cuu CII.AU PHI & TRU>'G DO.XG so 11 (51) thang 11/2009
Trang 6Si/canh tranh vi the giu'a Tran Bach Hieu
hay chau lye nao ciing khd ma nam ngoai
vdng kiem tda ciia chiing Chau Phi ndi len
nhu mdt viing dat day hira hen - giau tai
nguyen, mang trong minh mong mudn tu
than ciia su phat trien giau manh, rat can su
dau tu tir phia ben ngoai de thyc hien myc
tieu ciia minh Dieu dang ban la Trung Qudc
va An Do tim den chau Phi khdng chi vdi vai
trd kinh te ciia nhirng nha dau tu khai thae
thi trudng ma cdn vdi vai trd chinh tri ciia
cac cudng qudc mdi ndi va ngay cang mudn
phat huy anh hudng ra ben ngoai Sy thanh
cdng cua bat kv' nude nao tai chau Phi cung deu chirng td thuc lye va anh hudng thuc te cua hg Khi quyet dinh dau tu khai thae vao bat ky vimg dat nao thi van de dat ra dau tien bao gid ciing la van de Igi ich Trung Qudc
va An Do deu la cac qudc gia cd lich sir lau dai va la cac chuyen gia ky cyn trong viec nay Dieu quan trgng la tir phia chau Phi can phai tan dyng dugc mdi quan he canh tranh trudc het khdng chi giii:a Trung Qudc va An
Do tai day ma cdn vdi nhieu chii the khac tren the gidi luc nay va mai sau
Chii thich:
Quan he Trung Qudc vd Phi Chdu htlp://www.diendan.org/the-gioi/trung-quoc-va-chau-phi/
Simon Roughneen, "Influence anxiety: China's role in Africa." ISN Secwiti Watch
http://'www.isn.ethz.ch/news/sw/details_print.cfm?id=l 5837
Pham Minh San (2008), Chinh sdch ddi ngoai cua mot sd nude Idii tren the gidi Nxb Ly luan
chinhtri HaNdi,tr 88
Quan he Trung Qudc vd Phi Chdu littp://www.diendan.org/the-gioi/trung-quoc-va-chau-phi/
An Do chu tri hdi nghi thuang dinh 4n Do-Chdu Phi
http://www.voanew'S.com/vietnaniese/archive/
^ http://www.asset.vn/TinTheGioi/kinhtequocte/2571 asset
An Do ddnh nhieu uu ddi cho chdu Phi, http://\vvvvv.sbsc.coni.vn/nevvs/print.do?id= 14259
o
China and India: Competition bet^veen Tiger and the Dragon,
hllp://wv\^v.puniabnewsline.coni/
China and India: Competition between Tiger and the Dragon,
http://www.punjabnewsline.com/
10
An Do ddnh nhieu ini ddi cho chdu Phi, http://v\vvw.sbsc.com.vn/news/print.do'?'id=14259
An Do chu tri hdi nghi
http://www.voanews.coni/vietnamese/archive/
12
thuang dinh An Dd-Chdu Phi
13
An Do chu tri hdi nghi thuang dinh An Dd-Chdu Phi, http://www.voanew^s.com/vietnamese Chdu Phi "odn minh"gdnh hau qud "dau tu" cua Trung Qudc, http://vietnamnet.vn/thegioi/
Tap chi nghien ciru CII.AU PHI & TKirNG DOXG so 11 (51) thang 11/2009
Trang 7Tran Bach Hieu St/canh tranh vi the giu'a
'"* http://www.voanews.coni/english/Africa/Analysts-Explain-Significance-of-Evolving-Relationship-Between-China-and-Africa.cfm
Tai lieu tham k h a o
1 Bill Thi Hai YSn (2006), Gido trinh Dia ly Kinh ti - Xd hoi thi giai Nxb Giao due Ha Npi
2 Kim Ngoc (Chii bien), Kinh ti thi giai 1996, Ddc diem vd Trien vong, Nxb Chinh tri Quoc
g i a ^ -'•<'• '
3 Pham Minh Son (2008), Chinh sdch ddi ngoai ciia mot sd nuac ldn tren the gidi, Nxb Ly luan
chinh tri Ha Ndi
4 Simon Roughneen, Influence anxiety: China's Role in Africa, ISN Securiti Watch,
http://www.isn.ethz.ch
5 Analysts, Explain, Significance of Evolving Relationship Between China and Africa,
http://www.voanews.com
6 An Do ddnh nhieu uu ddi cho chdu Phi, http://'www.sbsc.com.vn
7 An Do chii tri hoi nghi thuang dinh An Dd-Chdu Phi, http://www.voanews.com
8 Chdu Phi "odn minh"gdnh hau qud "dau tu" ciia Trung Qudc, http://vietnamnet.vn
9 China and India: Competition between Tiger and the Dragon,
http://www.punjabnewsline.com
10 Quan he Trung Qudc vd Phi Chdu, http://www.diendan.org
, j > ^ ^
• • J / !
Tap chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUXIG DOXG so 11 (51) thang 11/2009