quylt va no lyc dl lim cho cich mang giinh Quan diem cua Lenin ve vj fri, vai trri va khi thing lgi quylt djnh, "mi thing lgi quylt djnh ning cich mang cua giai cip nring din vi quy[r]
Trang 1TRAOD6I
Quan diem eua Mac - Lenin
t VI TRi, VAI TRO CUA GIAI ClP NONG DAN TRONG SU NGHltP CACH i m
PGS, TS LE VAN YEN
V iec to chirc, dgng vien vi tip hop lyc
lugng each mang la van de co bin, cri
y nghia quyet djnh den thinh bai cua cich
mang Nhiem vu niy phii dugc tien hinh
thuong xuyen vi lau dii frong suot qui trinh
each mang Trong hmg giai doan ljch sur, chinh
ding cich mang phii biet cin cir vio nhung
dien bien thay doi cua tinh hinh mi kjp thrii bo
sung, dieu chinh vi nhanh chring de ra nhung
phuong sich moi bio dim cho sy chi dao chien
luge vi sich luge, dip img yeu ciu cich mang
Lenin drii hrii cic ding cgng sin phii xiy
dyng chien luge vi sich luge ciia minh fren eg
sri ket hgp "tinh thin tinh tig hoin toan khoa hgc
frgng viec phan tich tinh hmh khich quan cua sy
vit va qui frinh tien trien cua nri vrii sy thira
nhan kien quyet nhit y nghla cua nghj lyc cich
mang, ciia tinh than sing tag cich mang, ciia tinh
chu dgng cich mang ciia quin chimg"'
Cic nhi kinh dien cua chu nghla Mic-Lenm
deu nhan thirc rri vj tri, vai trri va khi ning cich
* Nha xuat ban Chinh tri quric gia
mang tg Ion cua giai cap nong din trgng sy nghiep cich mang dg giai cap cring nhan ma dgi tien phgng li dang cgng sin lanh dag Tir thyc tien sinh dgng cua hien thyc xa hgi chau
Au vao giua va curii the ky XIX vod nhiing cugc dau franh giai cap quyet liet, Mac va Angghen da nhin thay khi nang cich mang to Irin cua giai cap nong dan frong each mang Tuy nhien, cic cugc cich mang lit dri che dp quin chu chuyen che deu do giai cip tu sin lanh dao mi giai cap nong dan tham gia voi nghj lyc phi thuong, song sau khi cich mang giinh dugc thing lgi, giai cap hr sin diu thiet lap nen thong trj cua chiing, phan bgi lai quyen lgi ciia giai cap nong dan Dung nhu nhan xet cua Nguyen Ai Quoc hi nhiing nam 20 ciia till
ky XX: "Tu ban nri diing chir Ty do, Binh dang, Dong bio de lira din, xiii din dinh do phong kien Khi dan dinh do phong kiln rrii, thi nri lai thay phong kien ma ap birc dan Cach menh Phip ciing nhu cich menh My, nghia la each menh tir bin, each menh khong din nod, tieng la cgng hria va din chu, ky thyc trgng thi nri mric luc cong nong, ngoii thi no ap birc thugc dia Cich menh da 4 lin rrii, mi nay cring
Trang 2TRAO 001
nring Phip hing crin phii muu cich menh lan Sau khi Tuyen ngdn eua Dang Cgng san
nira mrii hring thgit khrii vring ip birc"l nim 1848 ra drii, cic cugc cich mang trgng
Vio nhihig nim 1840 -1842, vrid nhiing bii cac nuric chau Au nhirng nim 1848-1850 li
\iet tren bio Renani, Mic da the hien moi sy kiem nghiem diu tien drii vrii chu nghia
thring cim sau sic vod quin chung nring dan Mic Cic cugc cich mang dri d i xic nhan sy
ngheo va tri thii dg dirt khgit ung hg va dimg dung din cua chu nghTa Mac Nhung trai vrii
ve phia hg Mic d i len in chinh sich vo nhan niem hy vgng vio thing lgi, cic cugc cich
dao cua Nhi nuric Pho drii voi nring din Mic mang niy deu da that bai, m i ket cue li: "Tit
da timg so sinh mgt cich chua chit ring, ci cic ting Irip trong giai cip tieu tu sin ciing
ngurii nring din ngheo chang khic gi mgt cinh nhu giai cip nring din deu hoin toin bi loai
cui khri da lia khrii dit, con chii rimg li rimg khrii chinh quyen"^ Vin de trien vgng cua
ciy bat re sau vio Iring dit Mic con doi cho phong trio cich mang dugc dat ra mgt cich
ngurii nring din Diic cri quyen cong din bing cip thiet Tring ket kinh nghiem cic cugc
viec phe phin kjch liet nhung dag luat kit in cich mang 1848-1850, trong khi dinh gia cao
nong din, phe phin Nhi nuric Pho li cong cu vai trri v i khi ning cua giai cip nring din
ciia quyen tu huu, li nguyen nhan ngheo kho trong cich mang, Mic cung nit ra ket luin:
ciia nring din Due Ciing vio thrii gian nay, "Mgt khi giai cap vo sin d i tam thrid bj gat ra
trong nhung birc thu tir Vuppedan, Angghen khrii vii dii v i mgt khi nen chuyen chinh tu
nrii len sy cim ghd doi vrii nen quin chu sin da dugc chinh thirc thira nhin, thi cic tang
chuyen cbl vi tri mrii cim thring siu sac doi Irip trung ding trong xi hgi tu sin, tire li ting
vrii nhung ngurii nring dan bj ap bu'c vi bj lop tieu tu sin vi nring din, chimg nio mi tinh
phin brii Khi phe phin che do quin chu cinh cua hg cing trri nen nang ne vi sy drii lip
chuyen che, Angghen cho ring, sy cim phin cua hg vrii giai cip tu sin cing trri nen gay git,
cua nring din bj mat dat dai, nhit djnh mgt se cing phii lien minh chit che vrid giai cip vo
ngiy kia se bring no manh me chring lai ding sin"^ Tir kinh nghiem lich sir cich mang ri
cap quy trie va nen quin chii; dong thrii, nuoc Phip trong nhung nim 1848-1850, Mic
Angghen crin neu ra khiu hieu chong che do crin chi ro: "Cring nhin Phip khong the tien
phong kien vi nhirng die quyen cua bgn quy len dugc mgt buric nio v i cung khring the
trie Du ring quan diem cua Mic vi Angghen dung den mgt sgi trie nio cua che dg tu sin,
liic dri ve nhi nuric mrii chi theo quan diem tmric khi dong dio nhin dan nam giira giai cap
phip ly vi dao dire m i chua cri co so duy vat vri sin va giai cap hr sin, tire li nong din vi
lich sir, nhung rri rang dri la nhiing quan diem giai cap tieu tu sin noi day chong che do tu sin,
din chu - cich mang, dong thrid ci Mic vi chong sy thong trj cua m bin chua bj tien trinh
Angghen deu thay ro vj tri, vai trri cua nring cua cich mang bugc phii di theo nhiing ngurii
din vi deu cri quan diem xria bri che dg quin vri sin, coi li dgi tien phong cua minh"^
chii chuyen che, drii qu}'en ty do, din chu cho Trong tic phim Chien tranh ndng ddn d
nhan din, drii qu}en lgi rugng dit cho nring Due, viet vio nam 1850, trong khi dinh gii
din bing mgt cugc cich mang xa hgi dung vj tri, vai fro va khi nang cich mang cua
TAP CHI LICH SO OANG-SO 1/2009 41
Trang 3TRAO Odl
giai cip nong din Dire tham gia each mang, Trong khi khang djnh vi fri, vai fro ciia nong Angghen ciing dua ra nhin djnh: "Nim 1848, din frong cich mang, Mic ciing die biet nhan lgi ich cic giai cap doi lip ciing di din xung dgt manh den vai frri lanh dao cich mang phai nhau, moi giai cip deu hinh dgng cho mmh thugc ve giai cap cring nhin
Khgi dring frgng din tgc - tiiu hr sin, chu cic Trgng tic pham Vdn de nong ddn a Phdp va xuring nhri (thg thu cong) vi nong dan - bj giai d Dire (viet huge khi qua dod may thing),
cip hr sin, liic dri con li ban dong minh hr Angghen ciing chi ro rang, viec thu hut cic tang nhien cua hg, bri mac chg s6 phin, vi hg da tri lop nhan dan lao dgng khic, tmofc het la nong
ra qui u cich mang, bin than khrii dong ay dan ve phia giai cap vo sin la van de die biet den lugt nri lai hit sire phin tin, hg ciing khong cap thiet doi vod nhung nguofi xa hgi chu nghia dat dugc gi ci vi giir thai dg doi lip vod nhiing chau Au frong nhihig nim 80 va nhit li frong nguod dong minh cua hg trong phe drii lip, tir nhihig nam 90 cua the ky XIX Ong ciing chi
phia bun ciing nhu tir phia ti Rot cugc li tit ci ro, dai nong cri the trb thinh dong minh cua
cic giai cip tham gia phong trio nim 1848 nhiing nguod xa hgi chu nghia trgng pham vi ciing deu cri tinh chat han che dja phuong" nhat djnh, chimg nio hg dau tranh chong che Vio thing 3-1850, Mic da de cap den vin dg chiem hiiu mgng dit phgng kien Doi vol
de lien minh giira giai cip cong nhin vi giai tieu nong cung nhu tmng nong khong boc lot
cip nong din Trong tic phim Ngdy 18 thdng lao dgng lim thue thi cri khac, vi trgng dieu
Suong mil cita Lui Bdnapdeto, Mic die biet luu kien cua chu nghla tir ban, hg khring tranh khoi
y, khi giai cip nong din trri thanh dong minh diet vong Bod vay, nhiem vu cua dang vo sin cua giai cip vri sin thi cich mang vo sin mrii la phii lrii curin hg ve phia minh, tmric het la thyc hien dugc bii dring ca, mi neu khring thyc ting Irip tieu nring Tranh thu tang lop tieu nong hien dugc bii dong ca nay, thi trong tat ca cac ve phia giai cip cong nhan co nghia la giai nugc nong din, bai don ca cua giai cap vo san thich cho hg hieu ring, chi cri lit do chu nghTa
se trg thinh mgt bii ai dieu Dong thrii, Mic tu bin vi thiet lap che dg xa hgi chu nghia mod con chi ro: Nong din chi cri the phit huy dugc cri the cim hg thgit khrii ngheg drii vi diet vai trri va khi ning cich mang khi tim thiy vgng Phii lurin giii thich chg hg biet rri tinh ngurii ban dring minh frr nhien vi nguoi lanh canh tuyet vgng cua hg chimg nig chu nghia tu dao cua minh li giai cap cong nhin, giai cip cri bin con thong trj, ring che dg sri hiin ciia hp, SU' menh ljch sir lit dri che do hr bin, xay dyng loi lim in nhri, loi thoi, bat lyc cua hg se bi nen che dg mod - xa hgi xa hgi chu nghia sin xuat Ion tu ban chu nghTa de bep, giong nhu Den nim 1856, fri lod thu eua Angghen khi doan tiu hoa de bep chile xe cut kit vay Trong
de cap den cich mang b Dire, trgng dri Mic chi tic phim niy, Angghen crin luan chimg ve
rg kha ning gianh thing lgi cua nong din, ring chinh sich mgng dat, vl sich luge cua giai cap
tat ci van de b Dire se tiiy thugc vio kha ning cong nhan doi vod nong din sau khi gianh dugc
ung hg cugc cich mang vo sin bing mgt sy tii chinh quyin Theo Angghen, nhiem vu chii ylu dien nig diy cua cugc chien tranh nring dan, chi cua giai cap vri sin li chi cho giai cip nring dan trgng tmong hgp iy thi mgi viec mod troi chay con during cich mang bing viec lien minh vol
42 TAP CHl UCH SO OANG-Sd 1/2009
Trang 4TRAO Odl
giai cip cong nhin, chi cri nhu vay thi quyen lgi trie" Che dg nring no chuyen che dri di gap
cua hg mod dugc bio dim, khi ning cich mang phai sy phan khing minh liet cua nring dan
ciia hg mrii dugc phat huy nuric Nga Mau thuin co bin cua xi hrii Nga
Nghien cim ve Cring xi Pari nim 1871, Mic luc dri la miu thuin giira nring din vrid giai cip
vi Angghen cho ring, diy li cugc each mang dja chu quy tgc Bi suy sup tram trgng bod that
khac vod tit ci cac cugc cich mang tmric diy bai frong chien tranh Crum va hoing sg fruric
ma giai cip vo sin Phip da tham gia la thu tieu nhirng cugc noi day cua nring dan, Nga hoang
quyen thong trj eua bgn boc lot frong xa bgi Alechxandro II bugc phii myen bo bai bri che
hien dai va thyc hien cuong ITnh xa hgi cua giai do nong no vao nam 1861 Nhung thyc chit sy
cap cring nhan Mic vi Angghen ciing nit ra "bai bri" niy chi li cugc curip brie vri liem si
mgt trong nhung nguyen nhin thit bai cua drii voi nong din Nong din bj cit xen mgng
Cring xa li khring tri chirc dugc vi khong lien dit tir 1/5 den 2/5 Chung bit nring dan phai
lac dugc vod nong din, nen khi bj chinh quyen chugc lai mring dat cua chinh minh vrid gii cit
tu sin quay lai phin cring thi nhanh chring bi cri Lenin vach ro: "Tren the giod khring cri
that bai nring din mgt nuric nao sau khi "dugc giai
Rg rang, dinh gii ve vj tri, vai trri vi kha phring" rrii mi van crin bj phi sin, ngheo nan,
ning each mang cua giai cip nring din vi tu khon kho, nhuc nha vi bi ling ma nhu ri Nga"
turing ve lien minh cring nring dugc nit ra hi Vi vay, "sy sup do cua che do nring nri da lay
sau cich mang 1848-1850 va Cring xa Pari nim dgng tgan the nhin din thirc tinh hg khrii giic
1871 li thinh tyu xuat sac cua Mic vi ngu bao nhieu doi nay, day cho hg hr tim liy
Angghen trong sy phit trien ly luin ve chu con during thoit, hr minh diu tranh de gianh
nghia xa hgi khoa hgc Mic vi Angghen crin di liy tu do hoin toin"''
den kd luin: Mgt phong trio thyc sy mang tinh Den diu nhifrig nam 80 cua the ky XIX, chu
chit cich mang khi phong trio dri liy cong nghTa hr bin phit trien manh ri Nga Giai cap
nring lim lyc lugng nring cot, khi phong frio do cong nhin din din tro thinh lyc lugng chinh trj
dien ra vrii sire manh cua khrii lien minh cring dgc lap Nim 1881, Alechxandro II bj im sit
nring durii sy linh dao cua giai cap cring nhin Lip hic Alechxandro III len thay di cong khai
Lenin li ngurii bio ve vi phit trien sing tao myen bri duy tri che do nring nri chuyen che,
chu nghia Mic trong thai dai de quric chii tien hinh khiing bri tin bao cac lyc lugng lien
nghTa Cho den tmric cugc cich mang dan chii bg Ljch sir nuric Nga nhifrig nim 80 cua the ky
tu sin thing Hai nam 1917, nuric Nga vin li XIX phu mgt mau xim xjt len doi sring cua mgi
nuric quan chu chuyen che dien hinh Chu tang Irip nhan din, die biet li nong dan Cing
nghTa tu bin b diy phit trien chim hon so vrii bj ip birc, brie Igt phong trio dau tranh ciia cic
cic nuric Tiy Au Bri phin dring dio nhat trong ting Irip nhan din, nhit li nring dan cing bung
dan cu li nring din lao dgng song quin quai len manh liet hon Nuric Nga o vio dem imric
durii ich thring trj cua che do nring nri chuyen cua cugc cich mang din chu tu sin Cung vrii
che Nga hoing Lenin ggi che do dri la "nhi cic nuric m bin chu nghTa khic ri chiu Au,
til", "la ten dao phu", "ke hinh quyet cic dan nuric Nga tu bin chu nghTa ciing chuyen sang
TAP CHI LICH SO OANG-Sd 1/2009 43
Trang 5TRAO DO!
giai doan de quoc chii nghla vig curii the ky vri sin quric te Nhiem vy cua giai cap vo san XJX diu thi ky XX Nga li phii thyc hien myc dich curii cung cua
Sy phat trien cua chu nghia hi bin cring minh li xria bri chu nghia tu bin, xiy dyng chii nghiep lim chg giai cap cring nhin Nga tang nghla xa hgi, nen phii di qua cgn during cich len ve so lupng Tuy viy, nuoc Nga vin la mang din chu hr sin nhim xria bo triet de nugc nring nghiep sin xuit nhri, lac hau, 5/6 nhiing tin tich cua che dg nring ng, mgt che dp dan so li lao dgng nring nghiep Chu nghia hr dang kun ham sy phit hien cua lyc lugng sin
bin phit trien ca b thinh thj vi nring thon, lam xuat, lim cho cugc dau franh cua giai cap vo
cho giai cap nong din phin hria siu sac vi bg sin khring the phit frien dugc day du va toan phan vo sin nong din ra dod Vio nhiing nim dien Trong cugc cich mang ay, giai cap vo sin
80 cua thi ky XIX, chu nghia Mic da chiim uu chi cri the li nguod chien sT dau tranh thing lgi the trong phong trio cong nhin va bit diu thim cho dan chu vod dieu kien nong dan huong img nhap vio nuric Nga Nim 1888, Lenin gia nhap vi tham gia vio cugc dau franh cich mang.' tieu tri micxit do Phedoxeep to chiic vi Nguod Lenin nghien cim van de lien minh cong nong, nghien ciiu siu sac chu nghTa Mic Nguod da coi do li mgt dieu kien nhat thiet phai cri de bag ve vi phit trien hgc thuyet Mic fren co so cich mang dan chu hi sin thing lgi Nguod cho tien hinh cugc diu tranh khong khoan nhugng ring; "Vi chi cri mgt cugc cich mang hgan toan chong chu nghia din hiy, phii micxit hgp phip thing lgi mod co the dem lai cho nong dan tat
vi chu nghla co hgi, xet lai du mgi miu sic b ci mgi cii ve phuong dien cai cich mgng dat,
Nga vi quric te tit ci nhung cii mi nring dan murin cri, nhirng
Li lanh tu ciia giai cip cong nhin quoc te, cii mi hg hang mg uric, nhirng cii that sy can Lenin phit trien hgc thuyet Mic nham giii quyet thiet chg hg"^ Nhiing lgi ich can bin ay cua nhiing vin de thrid dai dang dit ra, fruric het li nong dan lam cho hg trof thinh nguod kien van de cich mang dan chu hr sin frong thod dai quyet vi hoin toin ung hg giai cap vg sin trong
de quoc chu nghia vi cich mang xa hgi chu cich mang dan chu tu sin
nghia ri Nga vi fren the giod Phit frien chu nghia Ro ring, Lenin khong ehi dinh gii diing vj Mic, Lenin da de ra cuong ITnh dung din frong • tri, vai tro vi khi ning cich mang cua giai cap cugc cich mang dan chu nam 1905 Nguod chi nong nhin trong cich mang khi dugc tri chirc rri ring, cich mang din chu Nga li cugc each vi khi di vod giai cap cong nhan vi chju sy lanh mang do giai cap cong nhan vi Ding din chu - dao cua giai cap cong nhan Tong kit qui trinh
xa hgi lanh dao Cugc each mang dri chi cri the each mang dan chu lin thir nhit nim 1905, tiling lgi vod dieu kien dugc giai cip nring din Lenin da chi rri, sg voi nhiing cugc cich mang ung hg Vi vay, lien minh cring nong do giai cap hr sin thi ky XVIII va thi ky XIX mi trong do cong nhan lanh dao la dieu kien nhat thiet phai nong dan tham gia rat nhiet tinh o cic nuoc Tay
cri de cich mang dan chu b Nga thing lgi Au, thi cugc cich mang Nga cri die diim la
Vio dau the k}/ XX tmng tim cich mang the nhung hinh thirc vi bien phip dau tranh ciia giod hi Dire da chuyen sang Nga Giai cip vo cong nhin vi nring din cyc ky phong phii: tir sin Nga tro thinh dgi tien phgng cua giai cap nhimg cugc bai cring kinh te le te din bai cring
44 TAP CHi UCH Sir OANG-Sd 1/2009
Trang 6TRAO odl
chinh frj toan Nga, tir diu tranh hria binh trong than sat da, kien curing va khong gi lay chu}'en
nghj tmong den khrii nghTa vii trang ciia quin noi Khong cri tinh thin cich mang niy, khong
chung, ket hpp bai cring chinh trj cua quin cri cugc diu tranh ngoan curing vi thing tay
chiing vod khrid nghTa vii trang trong thrid ky bao ciia quin chung nring din, thi ci viec tich thu,
tip cich mang Bai cong chinh tri cua quin ca che do cgng hria, ci quyen diu phieu phri
chung dugc coi li bien phip chu yeu lim cho thring, tryc tiep, binh ding vi bri phieu kin, deu
cich mang cri quy mri Ion hon vi cri nhung net trri nen hgin tgan khring mring"
die tnmg Khrii nghia vii trang thing lgi li mgt Lenin crin chi ro, sau khi thyc hien nhirng
phuang tien quyet djnh de lit do che dg chuyen cii tao din chu, mgt nhiem vu mrii dit ra tmric
che Nga hoing vi giinh che dg cgng hria din giai cip vri sin li dau tranh cho chu nghia xa
chii Vai trri cua nong dan dugc the hien ro hgi Ngurid viet: ''Giai cdp vo sdn phdi tien
trong viec nam chinh quyen Lenin chi ra ring, hdnh cdch mgng ddn chu toi cimg, bdng cdch
cugc each mang din chu thing lgi, trong dri giai loi keo dong ddo qudn chung ndng ddn theo
cap vri sin la ngurid nim quyen lanh dao, khong minh, di bdng siirc mgnh md de bep su phdn
dugc dua den viec giai cip hr sin nam quyen khdng cua che do chuyen che vd ldm te Hit
nhu cic cugc cich mang tu sin tmric kia, mi tinh khong kien dinh eua giai cap tu sdn Giai
phii tinh den viec thiet lip nen chuyen chinh cdp vo sdn phdi ldm each mgng xd hgi chii
dan chu cich mang cua giai cip cring nhin vi nghia bdng each keo ddng dao nhimg phdn tu
nring dan Ngurii crin nhin manh ring, thing lgi nira vd sdn trong ndng ddn theo minh de bdng
ciia each mang va viec tien hinh cic cii cich sire mgnh md ddp tan suphdn khdng eiia giai
dan chu can thiet chg ci cring nhin va nring din cap tu sdn vd ldm te Hit tinh khdng kien dinh
se lam cho che dg Nga hoing, bgn dja chu vi ciia giai cdp ndng ddn vd ciia giai cdp tieu tu
giai cip hr san mrii phin khang dien curing Chi sa/?"'^ Chuyen chinh din chu cich mang cua
cri mgt nen chuyen chinh dya tren nen ting ciia giai cip cring nhin vi nring din se chuin bj co
lien minh cong nong mrii de bep dugc sy phan sri chg chuyen chinh xa hgi chu nghia Viec
khang ay, mod tiln hanh cich mang din chu chuyen tir giai doan thir nhat sang giai doan
din ciing, mrii chuin bj dugc eg sri cho thing thir hai se tuy thugc vag mirc dp chuin bj vi
lgi cua chii nghTa xa hgi Nin chuyen chinh din trinh dg giic ngg cua giai cip cong nhan, vio
chii dri tiln hinh nhifrig cii cich dan chu ri mu'c do cua giai cip cring nhin doan ket vrii
thanh thj vi nring thrin vi phii bet sire kien giai cip nong dan
quylt va no lyc dl lim cho cich mang giinh Quan diem cua Lenin ve vj fri, vai trri va khi
thing lgi quylt djnh, "mi thing lgi quylt djnh ning cich mang cua giai cip nring din vi quyen
ay khring phii cii gi khic hon li chuyen chinh lanh dao cua giai cap cring nhin frong cich
dan chii - cich mang cua giai cip vri sin vi mang khong chi cri gii frj to Irin doi voi nuric
nring dan" ^ Lenin crin dl ra "nhiem vu cua giai Nga, dugc kiem nghiem brii kinh nghiem cua ba
cip vo sin giic ngg la nrii rri, vach trin va xria cugc each mang, nhat li kinh nghiem ciia cugc
bri mgt cich khring thuong tile nhung dieu gii Cich mang tiling Muoi vT dai, mi crin cri y
drii , lam thuc tinh trong quin chung mgt tinh nghia thrii sy drii voi cic din trie tren toin the
TAP CHi LICH Sif O A N G - S O 1/2009 4 5
Trang 7TRAO Ddi
giod frong cugc dau franh chg dan chu vi chii
nghia xa hgi Nhung cugc cich mang din tgc
dan chii dien ra frgng qui frinh dau franh each
mang giinh din chu va hria bmh tir sau Chien
timih the girii thii hai mi loai hmh cua nri la cich
mang din tgc din chu nhin din b cic nuoc
Dring Au, Trung Quric, Viet Nam, Trieu Tien,
Cuba thing lgi li sy van dung sing tag ly luan
ve cich mang dan chu nhin dan va sy chuyen
bien tir cich mang dan chu sang cich mang xa
hgi chu nghia cua chu nghia Mic- Lenin
Li mgt nguyen tic chien luge cua chu nghia
Mic- Lenin, mgt tit yeu phri bien doi vrii tit ci
cac cugc cich mang dg giai cap cring nhin lanh
dag, van de to chirc, xay dyng lyc lupng cich
mang, die biet li lien minh vrii giai cip nring
dan cri tim quan trgng die biet Thim nhuin
quan diem tren ciia chii nghia Mic- Lenin,
trgng surit qui trinh lanh dao cich mang Viet
Nam, Chu tjch Ho Chi Minh vi Ding ta luon
dinh gii dung vj tri, vai trri cua giai cip nong
din, da tien hinh to chirc, dgng vien, tip hgp hg
cung vrii giai cip cong nhin nuric ta hinh thinh
dgi quan chu lyc hung manh tag nen mgt trong
nhung nhin to quyet dinh thing lgi ciia cich
mang Viet Nam
l.V.I.LeninTodntq}.Tienh6,M,W9,T.\3,tr.2l-22
2 Hd Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2002, T.2, tr 274
3,4 C.Mdc - PhAngghen Todn idp, CTQG, H, 1993,
T.7, fr 48,19
5 C.Mdc - PhAngg)ien Todn tap, Sdd, T 7, tr 30,573
6,7 VILenin Todn tdp Sdd T.20, fr 168,112
^.Sdd,T.U,lT.%
9.Sdd.T.30.li.\\4
NANG CAO CHAT LlTONG
(Tiip theo trgng 39)
can bg, dang vien, ke ci cap fren hgic cap duod,
do tiiii oin, nen muon fri tiiu dong chi minh, hoac gay mit doan ket ngi bg, nen da phe binh khring dung mirc, lgi dung phe binh de tidet ha
uy tin cua dring chi, tri chiic mi mmh phe binh Dri li phe bmh cri dung y xau, vod tam khong frong sing, long khong bag dung, lam chuyen khring ciing bien thanh cri, chuyen nhri bien thanh Ion, thim chi bja dit, dyng chuyen, beu xiu to chirc, dong chi minh Trong cac tmong hpp nay, chu the kiem fra phii kjp thod giii thich, yeu ciu can bg, ding vien cri nhin thirc, thii dp dung din frong sinh hoaL frong phe binh de grip
y, phe binh cho to chirc, dong chi mmh vod tam long frong sing, frung thyc, bao dung, chan thinh xay dung, khring thien hr, thien kien,
khring chen dgng ca ci nhan
Khi chu the, drii hrgng kiem fra, drii tugng cri lien quan den cong tic kiem fra, ky luat ding cri nhin thirc dung vi thyc hien tot hr phe binh va phe binh se giup cho cong tic kiem fra, ky luat ding thyc sy cri chat lugng, hieu lye, hieu qua cag hon, grip phin quan trgng frgng thyc hien phit frien kinh te li nhiem vy trung tam, xay dyng, chinh don Ding li nhiem vu tiien chot
1, 2, 3 Dang Cong san Viel Nam: Vdn kien Dgi
hgi dgi bieu todn quoc lan thieX, CTQG, H, 2006, tr
48,283,299
4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 Hd Chi Minh Todn idp, CTQG, H,
1995, T.5, fr 233,239,261,232,239,232,232
11, 12, 13 Dai hoi dai bieu loan quoc lan thir ba
cua Dang Lao dpng Viel Nam, Vdn kien Dgi hgi, tap
//,H, 1960, fr 121,70.55