Dac biet, trong nhiing nam tdi, chiing ta phai danh nhieu cdng siic tao dugc chuyen bien rd ret ve xay dung Dang, phat huy truyen thdng each mang, ban chat giai cap cdng nhan va tinh[r]
Trang 1A^ 9
QIAJV BIEM CIJA HO CHI MMNR VE BAJVG COIVG S M
A '
TROIVG HEN TROiH CACH MAIVG VIET MAM
ThS PHAM QUOC THANH
vdi tu each la dang vien eiia Dang
Cdng san Phap, Hd Chi Minh ra sire tiep thu
tu tudng each mang va khoa hgc cua thdi dai,
van dung va phat trien sang tao vao dieu kien
cu the ciia Viet Nam, trong dd, van de td chiic,
lanh dao each mang d mdt nudc thugc dia
ludn dugc Ngudi quan tam Nam 1921, khi
phan tich tinh hinh each mang Ddng Duong,
Hd Chi Minh da chi ra nhiing dieu kien, tiem
nang va kha nang each mang dang tiem an
trong xa hdi, trong dd de cap den vai trd cua
ddi tien phong each mang rang: "Bd phan uu
tu cd nhiem vu phai thiic day cho thdi co dd
mau den"' Nam 1923, trong Bdo cdo gin
Qudc te Cdng sdn cua Hd Chi Minh da chi rd
tinh hinh d Ddng Duong ve phuong dien
chinh tri thi "Khdng cd chinh dang" Den nam
1924, phat bieu tai phien hgp lan thii 25 ciia
Dai hdi lan thir V Qudc te Cdng san, Ngudi
da phan tich tinh canh nhan dan bi ap birc va
chi ra nguyen nhan dan den that bai ciia phong
trao dan tdc trong cac xii thugc dia rang trong
tat ea cae thude dia cua Phap, nan ngheo ddi
deu tang, sir phan uat ngay cang len cao Sir
* Trudng Dai hpc KHXH&NV,
Dai hpc Qudc gia Ha Ndi
ndi day cua ndng dan ban xii da chin muoi Trong nhieu nude thugc dia, hg da vai lan noi day, nhung lan nao ciing bi dim trong mau Neu hien nay ndng dan van cdn d trong tinh trang tieu cue, thi nguyen nhan la vi hg cdn thieu td chiie, thieu ngudi lanh dao Tir do, Ngudi ket luan bai phat bieu cua minh bang yeu cau Qudc te Cdng san can phai giiip do
hg, td chiic hg va phai cung cap can bd lanh dao cho hg Tir thuc tien phong trao each mang the gidi, Hd Chi Minh chi rd each menh thi phai cd td chiie rat virng ben mdi thanh cdng "Vay nen siic each menh phai tap trung, mudn tap trung phai cd dang each menh"^ Nam 1925, xuat phat tir tinh hinh each mang nudc ta liic dd, Hd Chi Minh td chiic ra Hpi Viet Nam Cach mang Thanh nien, dd khdng phai la mgt hdi quan ehiing, ma trong tu tudng ciia nhiing ngudi td chiic thi "Hdi nay se la co
sd cho mdt dang ldn han"^ Ciing trong thdi gian do, Ngudi cdn tich cue td ehiic cac Idp huan luyen chinh tri cho thanh nien Viet Nam
va Hd Chi Minh la giang vien ehinh true tiep giang bai trong cae Idp huin luyen Din diu nam 1927, cac bai giang dd ciia Ngudi dugc
Bd tuyen truyen cua Hdi lien hiep cac dan tdc bi
ap biic d A Ddng tap hgp lai thanh cudn sach
mang ten Duong cdch menh Trong cudn sach
Trang 2dd, Hd Chi Minh da dat ra va tra ldi cau hdi:
"Cdch menh trudc het phdi cd cdi gi? Trudc het
phai cd dang each menh, de trong thi van ddng
va td chirc dan ehimg, ngoai thi lien lac vdi dan
tdc bi ap birc va vd san giai cap mgi nod"^ Den
day, vai trd ciia mdt dang each mang ddi vdi su
nghiep each mang giai phdng dan tdc da dugc
Ngudi khang dinh diit khoat; dang dd vira giao
due, van ddng, td chirc, giac ngd dan chimg d
trong nudc, dua hg ra diu tranh gianh ddc lap,
tu do; ddng thdi, dang dd cdn lam nhiem vu gan
ket each mang Viet Nam vdi phong trao each
mang the gidi
Tir kinh nghiem Cach mang thang Mudi
Nga, Ngudi chi ra rang, mudn each menh
thanh cdng phai lay dan chiing (edng - ndng)
lam gdc, phai ben gan, phai hy sinh, phai
thdng nhat, "phai cd dang viing ben"^ Va Hd
Chi Minh nhan manh: "Dang cd viing each
menh mdi thanh cdng, ciing nhu ngudi cam
lai cd vung thuyen mdi chay"^ Theo Ngudi,
"Dang mudn viing thi phai ed ehii nghia lam
cdt, trong dang ai eiing phai hieu, ai ciing phai
theo chu nghia ay Dang ma khdng cd chii
nghia ciing nhu ngudi khdng ed tri khdn, tau
khdng cd ban chi nam Bay gid hgc thuyet
nhieu, chu nghia nhieu, nhung chu nghia chan
chinh nhat, chac chan nhat, each mang nhat la
chii nghia Lenin"^ Ben canh dd, mdt yeu td
quan trgng hang dau, gdp phan lam eho Dang
each mang manh, virng ben dugc Hd Chi
Minh de cap den la pham chat ehinh tri, dao
dire ciia mdi dang vien Chinh vi the, ngay md
dau tac pham Dudng cdch menh, Hd Chi
Minh da neu ra 23 dilu ve tu each mdt ngudi
each mang: "Tu minh phdi: Can kiem Hoa ma
khdng tu Ca quyet sira ldi minh Can than ma
khdng nhiit nhat Hay hdi Nhan nai (chiu khd) Hay nghien ciiu, xem xet Vi cdng vong tu Khdng hieu danh, khdng kieu ngao Ndi thi phai lam Giir chii nghia eho vung Hy sinh It Idng
ham mudn ve vat chat Bi mat Ddi nguai phdi:
Vdi tung ngudi thi khoan thii Vdi doan the thi nghiem Cd Idng bay ve eho ngudi True ma
khdng tao bao Hay xem xet ngudi Lam viec phdi: Xem xet hoan canh ky cang Quyet doan
Diing cam Phue timg doan the"l Vay la, tir nhiing nam 20 cua the ky XX, quan diem eua Hd Chi Minh ve tim quan trgng va sir can thiet eiia mdt dang each mang d mdt nude thugc dia da dugc the hien mdt each rd rang Khdng chi tren phuong dien ly luan, ma bang hoat ddng thuc tien sdi ndi, khdng met mdi ciia minh, timg budc mdt, Ngudi da chuan bi cac dieu kien de di tdd thanh lap mdt dang each mang theo hgc thuyet Mac - Lenin d Viet Nam Dang Cong san Viet Nam ra ddi, theo nhu Ngudi ndi,
la san pham eiia sir ket hgp chii nghia Mac -Lenin vdi phong trao cdng nhan va phong trao yeu nude Day la quy luat ra ddi ciia Dang Cdng san Viet Nam, mgt net ddc dao cua each mang Viet Nam Vi vay Dang Cdng san Viet Nam khdng chi la ddi tien phong eiia giai cap cdng nhan Viet Nam, ma Dang edn la Dang ciia dan tdc Viet Nam Quan diem gan dang cdng san vdi phong trao cdng nhan va phong trao yeu nudc, gan giai cap vdi dan tdc ciia Hd Chi Minh la diing din, phii hgp vdi each mang nude ta Quan diem eiia Hd Chi Minh ve dang kieu mdi duge Ngudi hoan thien din qua cac thdi ky each mang, trd thanh tu tudng Hd Chi Minh ve Dang Cong san Viet Nam Tu tudng cua Ngudi
ve Dang Cdng san Viet Nam da dugc quan triet trong each mang Viet Nam qua nhieu thdi ky'
Trang 3each mang, tren ea phuong dien tu tudng chinh
tri va td chirc Dang ta ngay cang ldn manh, trd
thanh nhan td quylt dinh true tiep mgi thang lgi
ciia each mang Viet Nam trong tam muoi nam
qua: Cach mang thang Tam thanh cdng, khang
chiln chong thuc dan Phap, chdng de qudc My
thing lgi va ngay nay dang gianh dugc nhieu
thanh tuu tren eon dudng ddi mdi Tuy nhien,
trong qua trinh lanh dao each mang, cd liic, cd
nod, cd thdi ky Dang ta mac sai lam, khuyet
diem Song, chiing ta can nhan thiic diing dan
ring, nhiing sai lam, khuyet diem dd la nhung
budc liii tam thdi trong qua trinh phat trien eua
each mang nudc ta Dang ta da manh dan nhin
thang vao sir that, tu phe binh va phe binh nhimg
sai lam, khuyet diem eiia minh va kien quyet
khac phuc, sira chira de dua each mang tien len
Day chinh la thai do ciia mdt Dang each mang
chan ehinh theo tu tudng Hd Chi Minh Dieu
nay, dan tdc ta, nhan dan ta deu da thira nhan
Viec hge tap, van dung tu tudng Hd Chi
Minh vao nhieu linh vuc ciia ddi sdng, xa hdi
da va dang la van de cd y nghia chien luge Tu
tudng eiia Ngudi khdng chi gdp phan dua dan
tdc Viet Nam gianh nhieu thang lgi hien hach
trong qua khii ma van edn nguyen gia tri va
tinh thdi sir trong sir nghiep each mang hien
tai Vi vay, nang eao nhan thiic va khdng
ngimg hgc tap, van dung sang tao tu tudng Hd
Chi Minh ndi chung va tu tudng eua Ngudi ve
xay dung dang trong sach, vung manh ndi
rieng trong dieu kien mdi hien nay nham mue
tieu dan giau, nude manh, xa hdi cdng bang,
dan chii, van minh la het sire quan trgng va can
thiet bdi vi tu tudng Hd Chi Minh la sang tao
va phat trien Sinh thdi, Ngudi da chi rd: Dang
ta la dao dire, la van minh; Dang lanh dao each
mang vi lgi ich ciia Td qude, cua nhan dan, la chi cdng vd tu, minh vi mgi ngudi; "Khdng co vinh du nao to bang cai vinh hanh dugc lam dang vien ciia Dang Cdng san Vi vay, bat ky d hoan canh nao, lam cdng viec gi, chiing ta ciing phai kien quyet lam cho xiing dang vdi vinh hanh iy"^ Ngudi cdn ndi: "Mdt dan tdc, mpt dang va moi con ngudi, ngay hdm qua la vl dai
cd siic hip dan ldn, khdng nhat dinh hdm nay
va ngay mai van dugc mgi ngudi yeu men va
ca nggi, nlu long da khdng trong sang niia, neu
sa vao chii nghia ea nhan Mdi con ngudi deu
cd thien va ac d trong Idng Ta phai biet lam cho phin tdt d trong mdi con ngudi nay nd nhu hoa miia xuan va phan xau bi mat dan di, dd la thai do cua ngudi each mang""' Dd la nhirng chi dan quy bau ddi vdi dan tdc ta Dang ta va nhan dan ta
Ngay nay, each mang Viet Nam da vugt qua dugc chang dudng dau tien ciia thdi ky qua do va dang budc vao chang dudng thii hai
- day manh cdng nghiep hoa, hien dai hoa dat nudc Dat nudc ta dang diing trudc nhieu thdi
CO, nhung nguy co ciing khdng it Thdi co va thach thiic dan xen nhau Trudc tinh hinh mdi
dd Dang Cdng san Viet Nam da nhieu lan nhan manh trong nghj quyet ciia minh la phai
phdn ddu xdy dung Ddng ngang tdm vai nhiem vu cdch mang mai Van dung tu tudng
Hd Chi Minh, ke thira nhiing truyen thdng quy bau ciia dan tdc, ciia Dang nham phat huy thang lgi da dat dugc cua each mang, kien quyet khac phuc, sira chira khuyet diem; ra siic tranh thu van hdi, thdi ca, day liii nguy ca,
la traeh nhiem ciia tit ca can bd, dang vien va toan the nhan dan Viet Nam yeu nudc
(Xem tiep trang 46)
Trang 4hien va xir ly Tap trung la dieu kien, la phuang
thire cua dan chii, edn dan chii la muc dich, la
dam bao cho tap trung khdng rod vao tap trung
quan lieu, ddc doan chuyen quyen, ciing nhu
dan chii khdng rod vao hinh thiic
- Luat hda, the ehe hda mdi quan he
Dang lanh dao, Nha nudc quan ly va nhan
dan lam chii
- Xiet chat ky luat, ky cuong, luat phap, xir
ly nghiem minh eac vi pham, sai pham De
cao trach nhiem, che do trach nhiem, bdn
phan, nghia vu, nhat la vdi cac can bd lanh
dao, quan ly cac cap Dieu le Dang la bd luat
tdi cao ciia toan Dang, mgi dang vien phai
thuc hien nghiem chinh, khdng cd ngoai le
- Thi hanh ky luat Dang phai nghiem khae,
nghiem minh hon nira de neu cao tac dung giao
due trong Dang va neu guong trong xa hdi
Dd la nhiing van de birc xuc can giai quyet,
lam cho Dang trong sach, viing manh, ximg
dang la mdt Dang lanh dao va cam quyen
QUAN DIEM CUA HO CHI MINH
(Tiep theo trang 30)
trong sach, viing manh, dap iing nhu cau phat trien eiia dan tdc ta va nguyen vgng eiia nhan dan ta Cu the, phai nang cao ban linh chinh tri va trinh do tri tue ciia Dang; kien toan va ddi mdi boat ddng ciia td chiic
CO sd dang, nang cao chat lugng ddi ngii dang vien; thuc hien nghiem tiic nguyen tac tap trung dan chii trong Dang, tang cudng quan he gin bd giira Dang vdi nhan dan, nang cao chat lugng va hieu qua cdng tac kiem tra, giam sat; ddi mdi td chiic, bd may
va cdng tac can bd; ddi mdi phuong thiic lanh dao cua Dang Dac biet, trong nhiing nam tdi, chiing ta phai danh nhieu cdng siic tao dugc chuyen bien rd ret ve xay dung Dang, phat huy truyen thdng each mang, ban chat giai cap cdng nhan va tinh tien phong ciia Dang; xay dung Dang thue sir trong sach, viing manh ca ve ehinh tri, tu tudng va td chiic, doan ket nhat tri cao, gan
bd mat thiet vdi nhan dan, ed phuong thiic lanh dao khoa hgc, cd ddi ngii can bd, dang vien dii pham chat va nang lire Day la nhiem vu then chdt, cd y nghia sdng cdn ddi vdi Dang va sir nghiep each mang ciia nhan dan ta
Trong dieu kien hien nay, de hoan thanh
tang cudng sir lanh dao ciia Dang Cdng san T.l, tr.28
Viet Nam, cin rilp tuc tap trung lam tdt cae 2,4,5,6,7,8 Sdd, T.2, tr.267, 267-268, 280,
cdng tac quan trgng da dugc Dai hdi X ciia 268, 268, 260
Dang neu ra, nham tiep tuc ddi mdi, chinh 3 Sdd, T.3, tr.35
ddn Dang, nang cao nang lire va siic chiln 9 Sdd, T.5, tr.550
diu ciia Dang, xay dung Dang thuc sir 10.5'^c?,T.12,tr.557-558