Ngay sau Cach mang Thang Tam nam 1945 thanh edng, ehinh quydn non tre vira ra ddi da phai dung tmdc nhiing khd khan va thaeh thuc Idn bdi thu trong giac ngoai, giac ddi, giac ddt, nh[r]
Trang 1TU'TU'dNGHb CHi MINH
QUAN DIEM CUA HO CHI MINH
VE T U CACH, DAO D Q C NGUdl CACH MANG
PGS, TS TRU'DNG THI THONG
Phd Giam ddc Hge vidn Cbinh tri - Hanh ehinh qudc gia Hd Chi Minh
Trong toan bd di san m mdng cua Hd cam quydn Ngudi da chi rd 12 dieu vd tir Chi Minh, m mdng vd xay dung each eua mdt dang each mang chan chinh, Dang la mdt trong nhung ndi dung quan trong dd didu dau tidn la "Dang khdng phai trgng dugc Ngudi danh sir quan tam dac bidt la mdt td chuc dd lam quan phat tai Nd phai Ngudi da danh trgn ca cude ddi phan dau cho lam trdn nhidm vu giai phdng dan tde, lam sir Idn manh cua Dang, cho ddc lap, tu do cho Td qudc giau manh, ddng bao sung eua dan tdc Viet Nam Su quan tam cua sudng"^ Dd lanh dao each mang thanh cdng, Ngudi vd Dang xuat phat tir quan niem nhat Dang phai manh Dang manh la do ehi bp quan rang Dang ludn ludn la nhan td dau tdt; ehi bd tdt la do cac dang vidn ddu tdt
tien quydt dinh sir thanh bai cua each mang Ve tu cdch ngudn ddng viin, theo quan Trong tac pham Dudng cdch menh, Ngudi diem cua Mac-Angghen, tu each eua ngudi
vidt: "Cach menh tmdc hdt phai cd cai gi? dang vidn timdc hdt duge thd hidn d sir giac Tmdc hdt phai cd dang each menh, dd trong ngd ly tudng, trinh do, nang luc; long tiling thi van ddng va td chuc dan chimg, ngoai thi thanh vdi Dang; vai trd tidn phong eua ngudi lidn lac vdi dan tdc bi ap biic va vd san giai cdng san; nhiet tmh each mang; tinh td ehiic cap mgi noi Dang cd viing each mang mdi ky luat cao; tinh tiian tu giac, chu ddng, hy thanh cdng, eiing nhu ngudi cam lai cd virng sinh, bdn bi Ho Chi Minh da nghidn cuu, van thi thuydn mdi chay Dang mudn viing thi diing sang tao hgc thuyet Mac-Lenin ve Dang phai cd chu nghia lam ndng cdt, trong dang va khai quat mgt each gian di vd tu each
ai ciing phai hidu, ai ciing phai theo chu ngudi dang vidn:
nghia ay Dang ma khdng cd chu nghia ciing Mdt Id, dang vidn phai ludn neu cao tinh
nhu ngudi khdng cd tri khdn, tau khdng cd thin guong miu, ldi ndi va vide lam phai di ban chi nam"' Trong cdng tac xay dung ddi vdi nhau Ngudi chi rd: Dang vien bat ky Dang, Hd Chi Minh ludn quan tam xay dimg lam vide gi ciing phai guong mau, "Mudn dao due each mang ddi vdi can bg, dang hudng dan nhan dan, mmh phai lam mirc
vidn, dac bidt, khi Dang ta tra thanh dang thudc cho ngudi ta bit chudc"^
68 TAP CHI UCH SLF D A N G - S 6 5/2010
Trang 2Hai Id, dang vidn phai la ngudi khidm tdn,
rdng lugng, dd la hai due tinh ma ngudi each
mang can phai cd'* Cang ed edng lao cang
phai khiem tdn Chd vi ed it cdng lao ma sinh
bdnh edng than, ken eua dia vi^
Ba Id, phai biet tu cai tao minh, tue la phai
cai each tinh net minh trudc tidn Ngudi dang
vien hang ngay "phai tu kiem didm minh"
Phai lay nhidm vu dang vidn ma kidm didm^
Bdn Id, dang vidn phai la ngudi quydt tam
sudt ddi dau tranh eho Dang, eho ehu nghia
cdng san Ngudi khang dinh: "Ngoai lgi ieh
cua giai cap edng nhan va nhan dan lao ddng,
Dang ta khdng ed lgi ieh gi khac"^
Ndm Id, dang vidn la ngudi lanh dao, ngudi
day td that tmng thanh eua nhan dan Chinh
xuat phat tu luan diem do, Chu tieh Hd Chi
Minh ludn nhae nhd ngudi dang vidn phai
mydt ddi tiling thanh vdi Dang, vdi nhan dan,
phai quydt tam sudt ddi dau tranh cho Dang,
cbo each mang, do la didu chu chdt nhat
Sdu Id, dang vidn phai dau tranh chdng ehu
nghia CO hdi d trong Dang Chii nghia ea nhan
la kd dieh eua each mang Do ehu nghia ea
nhan ma ngai gian khd, khd khan, sa vao tham
d, hii hda, lang phi, xa hoa; tham danh true lgi,
thich dia vi quydn hanh; tu cao tu dai, coi
thudng tap thd, xem khinh quan ehiing, ddc
doan, ehuydn quydn Ciing do ca nhan chu
nghia ma mat doan kdt, thidu tinh td chuc, tinh
ky luat, kem tinh than trach nhidm, khdng chap
hanh dimg dudng ldi, chinh sach cua Dang va
eua Nha nudc, lam hai ddn lgi ich cua each
mang, eua nhan dan Nhung thdi hu tat xau ddu
do tu chu nghia ca nhan de ra Do do, can kidn
quydt chdng chu ngbia ca nhan
Bdy Id, phai ludn ludn tay bd nhirng phan tu
xau ra khdi Dang Nhung cimg cd va phat trien Dang la mdt cdng tac quan trgng va thudng xuydn
Cimg vdi vide ndu Idn nhirng ndi dung vd ta
each ngudi dang vidn, Ngudi rat quan tam ddn vide giao due, m dudng, rdn luyen dao dire ndi ehung, dao due each mang eho can bd, dang vien ciia Dang va Ngudi thuc su la tam guong sang ngdi, mau muc vd dao due each mang
Trong tac pham Dudng cdch minh Nguydn Ai
Qudc dat Idn trang diu van dd 'Tu each mdt ngudi each menh" vdi 23 didu can tiiidt trong xir the vdi ban than, vdi ngudi khac va vdi edng vide Ngudi dat ra ydu eau phai can, kidm, vi cdng vong m, ndi thi phai lam, giii chu nghia cho virng, hy sinh, it ldng ham mudn vd vat chat do la nhiing cdt yeu trong tu m dudng vd
m each, dao due eua ngudi each mang
Ddi vdn dpi ngii cdn bd cua Ddng, la ngudi
diing dau Dang, Chinh phu, Hd Chi Minh da nhan thue rd vi tri, vai trd quan trgng eiia ddi ngii can bd - nhan td quan trgng quyet dinh thanh bai ciia each mang Ngay sau Cach mang Thang Tam nam 1945 thanh edng, ehinh quydn non tre vira ra ddi da phai dung tmdc nhiing khd khan va thaeh thuc Idn bdi thu trong giac ngoai, giac ddi, giac ddt, nhidm
vu ma Hd Chi Minh dac bidt quan tam va phai tidn hanh ngay do la giao due, ren luyen dao due each mang cho can bd dang vidn, sua ddi, ddi mdi tac phong, phong each, phuang phap, each thirc lam vide cua can bd Tuy ban tram cdng ngan vide ciia Dang, Chinh phu song
Ngudi da danh thdi gian viet tac pham Sica
doi loi ldm viec (1947), lam tai Udu dd giao
Trang 3TU'TU'ONGHOCHIMINH
due, ren luyen can bd, dang vidn Cimg vdi
vide nghidm khac phd phan nhimg bidu hidn
tha hda vd dao dire, ldi sdng, Ngudi dat ra
nhiing ydu cau va ndi dung vd rdn luyen dao
due each mang cho can bg dang vidn Ngudi
chi rd, mudn xay dung dudng ldi, nhidm vu
chinh tri cua mdt dang dung dan, khoa hgc thi
Dang can chii trgng y thuc sau sac nhidm vu
giai phdng dan tdc, lam cho Td qudc giau
manh, ddng bao sung sudng Dd la muc tidu
cao ca eua Dang Xay dung dudng ldi, nhiem
vu ludn phai dua vao didu kidn eu thd va kinh
nghidm each mang d cac nude, d trong nudc
va d cae dia phuong Phai dua vao quan chiing,
kdt hgp chat che vdi dan chimg, hidu bidt y
kidn eua dan chimg Dang phai giii vung tinh
each mang, tinh nguydn tac, nhung phai kheo
leo, Unh boat vd phuang phap Dang khdng
dugc che giau khuydt didm, khdng sg phd binh,
lua ehgn can bg tdt, giii nghidm ky luat, thdng
nhat hanh ddng Tir thuc tidn each mang, Chu
tich Hd Chi Minh da nit ra kdt luan quan trgng:
Can bd la nhung ngudi dem chinh sach cua
Dang, cua Chinh phu giai thich eho dan ehiing
hidu rd va thi hanh Ddng thdi dem tinh hinh
cua dan ehiing bao cao eho Dang, eho Chinh
phii hidu rd dd dat ehinh sach cho dimg
Can bd la cai gdc cua mgi cdng vide Vi vay
"huan luyen can bg la cdng vide gdc cua
Dang"* Ndi can bd la gdc cua mgi cdng vide
tiic la mgi vide ddu phai bat dau tir dd va dua
vao do Bdi vi gdc cd viing thi cay mdi tdt,
song de giir vai trd la gdc, theo Chu tieh Hd
Chi Minh, ban tiian ngudi can bd phai ed sir nd
lue ren luyen de dat dugc cac tidu chuan sau:
Tieu chudn ddu tiin la "Ngudi each mang
phai cd dgo due cdch mgng lam nen tang, mdi
hoan tiianh dugc nhidm vu each mang ve vang"^ Phai dat lgi ich ciia Dang, cua giai cap, cua dan tdc Idn ti'dn hdt, giai quydt diing din mdi quan he lgi ich ca nhan vdi lgi ich cua giai cap, ciia dan tdc, Udn he mat thidt vdi nhan dan, lang nghe y kidn cua nhan dan, tdn trgng quydn lam chu ciia nhan dan; phai thuc tha ngay thing, khdng dugc giau dot, giau khuyet didm, sai lam, khiem tdn, cau thi, khdng kidu ngao, chu quan;
phai chi cdng vd tu, chii trgng cham lo ddi sdng
eua nhan dan Cd y tiiuc td chuc ky luat cao, khdng ddc doan ca nhan, khdng tii cho phep minh dung tren td chuc, diing ngoai ky luat, ldi ndi di ddi vdi vide lam, lam nhidu ban ndi Cd y thuc tu phd brnh va phd bmh eao Phd binh phai
di Udn vdi tu phd binh Cd ldi sdng lanh manh, trong sach, khdng xa hoa lang phi, hu hda, tham nhiing, khdng cd m tiidng dac quydn, dac lgi
Tieu chudn thic hai, ngudi can bd phai cd
nang lire tuong ung vdi nhidm vu dugc giao Theo Hd Chi Minh, cd due nhung lai phai cd tai Cd tai ma thieu due thudng gay ra nhiing tac hai khdng nhd Nguge lai, chi cd due ma khdng
cd tai thi chang khac nao dng but ngdi d trong chua Ndi dung due, tai d mdi giai doan each mang khac nhau, dugc Hd Chi Minh va Dang ta
cu tiid hda, bd sung, phat tridn phu hgp vdi tinh hinh nhidm vu cua tung giai doan Dac bidt, sau khi gianh dugc chinh quydn, Hd Chi Minh da chi ra su khac nhau vdi liic chua cd chinh quydn Trong bai "Ngudi can bd each mang", ngay 3-3-1955, Hd Chi Minh chi rd: "Dao dire
each mang cd tiid ndi tdm tit la: Nhgn rdphdi,
trdi Gilt vOng lap trudng Tan trung vdi nirdc Tan hieu vdi ddn"^^ Ngudi can bd phai "lo
Trang 4tiirdc thidn ha, vui sau thidn ha" Vi Dang, vi
dan dau tranh qudn minh, guong mau ti'ong mgi
cdng vide, khdng ngimg hge tap dd nang eao
trinh do mgi mat, quan he mat thidt vdi quan
chimg, cd tinh than tap thd, doan kdt, tiiuong
yeu ddng bao, ddng ehi, tinh td chuc ky luat,
can, kidm, Udm ehinh, chi cdng, vd m; trung,
hidu, nhan, nghia, tri, diing Vd nang lire eua can
bd, theo Hd Chi Minh: Nang lue bao gdm nang
luc tri tue va nang lire td chuc tiiuc tidn Mudn
ed nang lire do ngudi can bd phai chiu khd hge
tap, ren luyen, tmdc hdt la hge ly luan Mae
-Lenin de nang eao trinh do, dd nam bat duge
quy luat van ddng va phat tridn eua xa hdi Hge
ly luan Mac-Ldnin la dd trung thanh, bao vd va
khdng ngung nang eao, hoan thidn ehu nghia
Mae-Lenin Dd la trach nhidm eua ngudi can bd
each mang Theo Ngudi, hgc ly luan chua du
ma ngudi can bd edn phai nghidn cuu va quan
tridt tiiat sau sac dudng ldi, chinh sach eua
Dang, Nha nudc; phai ed trinh do chuydn mdn
that gidi, phai vuon tdi nhirng dinh cao cua khoa
bgc ky tiiuat Bdi vi ngay nay, ngudi can bd
"khdng the lanh dao ehung ehung" va "ehi cd
nhiet tinh khdng thdi thi ehua du, cdn phai cd tii
tiiuc niia"
Tiiu chudn thit ba, ngudi can bd phai ed
phong each khoa hge Theo Hd Chi Minh,
mudn ed phong each khoa hge, ngudi can bd
phai chdng bdnh quan Udu chu quan, tac
phong quan lidu dai khai, chdng bdnh ham
ehudng hinh thue, chi nham hinh thuc bd
ngoai, chi mudn phd tmong cbo oai, chdng
each lam vide theo ldi ban giay, ngdi mdt noi
chi tay nam ngdn, khdng ehiu xudng dia
phuong va co sd Tren co sd nhiing tidu chuan
trdn, Hd Chi Mmh dat ra ydu cau cao ddi vdi ehu thd edng tac can bd, bd tii, sir dung can bd
dd la: Phai hidu rd va danh gia diing can bd, phai kheo dimg can bd, phai cd gan eat nhae can bd Dd thuc hidn tdt nhung van de trdn eiia edng tac can bd, Ngudi thudng nhae nhd: Tmdc khi cat nhae can bd, phai nhan xet rd rang, toan didn ca cdng tac, each sinh boat, each vidt, each ndi, vide lam, xem xet mdi quan he vdi mgi ngudi nhu the nao Xem xet can bd phai ed quan didm lich sir, eu thd, toan didn va phat tridn khdng ehi mdt vide, mdt liic
ma phai tidn hanh thudng xuydn, xem xet ca qua trinb tir tmdc tdi nay Sau dd bat, cat nhae can bd can phai tidp tuc bdi dudng giiip dd dd
hg cd thd hoan thanh nhidm vu dugc giao Chu tich Hd Cbi Minh ehi rd: "Cat nhae can
bd, khdng ndn lam nhu "gia gao" Nghia la tmdc khi eat nhae, khdng xem xet ky Khi eat nhae rdi khdng giup dd hg Khi hg sai lam thi day xudng, chd luc hg lam kha, lai eat nbac Idn Mdt can bd bi nhae Idn tha xudng ba lan nhu thd la hdng ca ddi"" Ngudi eho rang:
"Bidt ngudi, ed nhidn la khd Tu bidt minh, ciing khdng phai la dd Da khdng tu bidt minh thi khd ma bidt ngudi Ndu khdng bidt su phai trai d minh, thi chac khdng the nhan rd ngudi can bd tdt hay xau Ngudi ta thudng pham nhirng chiing berth sau:
1 Tu eao tu dai,
2 Ufa ngudi ta ninh minh,
3 Dem ldng ydu, ghet eua minh ma ddi vdi ngudi,
4 Dem mdt cai khudn khd nhat dinh, chat hep ma lap vao tat ea mgi ngudi khac nhau Pham mdt trong bdn bdnh dd ciing nhu mat
Trang 5TU'TU'ONGHOCHIMINH
da mang kinh cd mau, khdng bao gid thau rd cai
mat that eua nhiing cai minh trdng , phai sira
chiia nhiing khuydt didm eua minh Minh cang it
khuydt didm tiii each xem xet can bd cang
diing"'^ Khi sir dung can bd, Hd Chi Minh luu y
"d ddi, ai eiing ed chd tdt va chd xau Ta phai
kheo nang cao chd tdt, kheo sira chiia chd xau
cho hg"'^ Cit nhae can bd phai "vi cdng tac, vi
tai nang", chir khdng thd vi ldng ydu ghet, vi than
thich nd nang Trong sir dung can bd can chdng
"nhiing ehung bdnh" sau day:
"1 Ham dimg ngudi ba con, anh em quen
bidt, bau ban, cho hg la chac chan hon ngudi
ngoai
2 Ham dimg nhiing ke kheo ninh hdt
minh, ma chan ghet nhirng ngudi chinh true
3 Ham dimg nhirng ngudi tmh tinh hgp
vdi minh, ma tranh nhiing ngudi tmh tmh
khdng hgp vdi minh
Vi nhung ehung bdnh dd, kdt qua nhiing
ngudi kia lam bay, minh cung cu bao dung, che
chd, bao hd, khidn cho chimg cang ngay cang
hu hdng Ddi vdi ngudi chinh true thi bdi long
tim vdt de tra thu Nhu tiid, cd nhidn la hdng ca
cdng vide eua Dang, hdng ea danh gia eua
ngudi lanh dao"''* Hd Chi Minh khing dinh:
"Huan luyen can bd la cdng vide gdc cua
Dang'^, day la cdng vide ma Dang phai tdn
nhidu cdng sue, phai tidn hanh cdng phu, chu
dao "Dang phai nudi day can bd, nhu ngudi
lam vudn vun ti'ong nhiing cay cdi quy bau""'
Trong bd tri, sir diing can bd can quan tam
tiiuc hidn tdt vide kdt hgp cac tiid he can bd cd
do tudi khac nhau, can bg lam vide nhidu nam,
can bg mdi vao nghd, can bd nam, nir, can bd
cac dan tdc, tiinh do, kinh nghidm dam bao
cho ddi ngQ can bd dii manh, dam bao tinh ke thira, phat tridn Day la mdt trong nhiing nhiem
vu quan trgng quydt dinh thang lgi su nghi$p giai phdng dan tdc, sir nghidp xay dung dit nudc theo con dudng chu nghia xa hdi ciia Dang Cdng san Viet Nam Xuat phat tu ihuc tidn each mang, Hd Chi Minh khang dinh "can
bd la gdc cua mgi cdng vide" la quan diem dimg din, khoa hgc, giiip cho Dang ta ngay cang nhan thuc diy du hon vd vi tri, vai trd va tam quan ti'gng cua can bg, cdng tac can bd va cd nhiing quan diem, chu tmong, chinh sach xay dung ddi ngii can bd, khuydn khich ddng vien can bd, ehinh sach thu hiit nhan tai
Thuc hien ldi day cua Ngudi, bang nhieu bidn phap, chinh sach thidt thuc ddi vdi can bo
va cdng tac can bd Dang ta da cd mgt ddi ngG can bd, dang vidn khdng ngimg Idn manh ca
vd sd lugng va chat lugng, co ban dap img ydu cau nhidm vu chinh tri trong timg giai doan each mang va trong cdng cude ddi mdi dat nudc Tuy nhidn, bdn canh ddi ngii can bo tdt, cdn mdt bd phan can bd, dang vien suy thoai vd pham chat dao due, lgi dung chuc quydn iham d, tham nhiing, hdi Id, budn lau, lang phi, quan Udu xa rdi quan chiing, xa rdi thue td, ndi khdng di ddi vdi lam, ndi mdt dang, lam mdt ndo Nhiing chiing bdnh nay,
Hd Chi Minh coi dd la kd thu cua nhan dan, la thu "giac d trong ldng" Theo Hd Chi Minh, tham d la trdm cudp Lang phi tuy khdng lay eua nhan dan, song ket qua ciing tai hai cho nhan dan, cho Chinh phu, cd khi tai hai ban tham d Vi le dd chdng tham d, lang phi, quan Udu Cling quan trgng va can kip nhu danh giac ngoai mat tran Dang ta chi rd: tham nhiing,
Trang 6lang phi la mdt trong bdn nguy co, thach thuc
ddi vdi su lanh dao eiia Dang trong sir nghidp
xay dung chti nghia xa hdi
De thuc hidn thang lgi cdng cude ddi mdi
Dang khang dinh ehu nghia Mac-Ldnin, m
mdng Hd Cbi Minh la ndn tang m tudng, kim
chi nam cho mgi hanh ddng eua Dang Dang
ta ed nhidu ehi thi, nghi quyet ve xay dung
Dang, vd xay dimg nha nudc phap quydn xa
hdi ehu nghia, vd xay dung he thdng ehinh tri
virng manh, vd thue hanh tiet kidm, chdng
tham nhiing, lang phi, quan Udu; Dae bidt,
Dang da phat ddng Cude van ddng Hgc tap vd
ldm theo tdm guong dgo due Hd Chi Minh
trong toan Dang, toan dan, toan quan, qua dd
thiie day manh me phong trao thi dua ydu
nudc, nang cao chat lugng, hieu qua, boat
ddng cdng tac tren mgi Unh vuc, ddng thdi
ngan chan tinh trang suy thoai vd pham chat
ehinh tri, dao due, ldi sdng trong mdt bd phan
khdng nhd ddi ngii can bd, dang vidn Day la
chu tmong diing dan, sang tao cua Dang ddng
thdi the hidn sir tdn vinh va tiep tue khang
dinh gia tii ly luan va thue tidn m mdng dao
due Hd Chi Minh
1 Ho Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2000, T.2,
267-268
2, 3, 8, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16 Sdd, T.5, 249,
552, 269, 282, 277-278, 279, 281, 269, 273
4 Xem: Sdd, T.8, tr.391
5, 6 Xem:5^c?, T.12,tr.311,96
7, 9 Sdd, T.9, tr.286, 283
10.S^J,T.7,tr.480
DAO Difc CACH MANG HO CHI MINH
(Tiep theo trang 88)
b) Nude Viet Nam san sang md rgng cac cang, san bay va dudng sa giao thdng cho vide budn ban va qua canh qudc td
e) Nudc Viet Nam chap nhan tham gia mgi
td chuc hgp tac kinh td qudc td dudi sir lanh dao cua Lidn hgp qudc
d) Nude Viet Nam san sang ky kdt vdi cac lue lugng hai quan, luc quan trong khudn khd eua Lien hgp qudc nhiing hiep dinh an ninh dac biet va nhiing hiep udc Udn quan ddn vide su-dung mdt vai can cii hai quan va khdng quan"^ Ngac nhidn la bdi vi ngay nay dgc lai nhiing ddng trdn day, thay rd tam nhan thirc eua Hd Chi Minh trong xae dinh chinh sach ddi ngoai eua Viet Nam liic do, da chira dung nhidu ngi dung eua Luat Dau m ma Viet Nam bat dau khdi dgng tir nam 1987 va phat tridn
vd sau nay
Dao due Hd Chi Minh ed nhiing gia tri ben lau, nhu nhung vidn ngge ma ehiing ta phai giir gin, ludn mai sang Dao dire Hd Chi Minh ciing chinh la thdng diep khuyen khieh mgi ngudi vuon tdi nhiing didu chan, thien, my
\,5.H6 Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2000,
T.5, tr 252 -253, 220 2.Scffi?,T.9,tr,283
3 Xem Nguyen Van Ut: 9 bdn tuyen ngon dpc
lap, NXB Van hoa Thong tin, H, 2006, tr 8
4 Ho Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2002, T.l 2,
tr.512
6 Sdd, T 4, tr 470