Sinh so'ng dpc hai ben bien gidi Viet Nam - Campuehia, dong nhat la cac dan tpc Khmer, Viet Ve ngudi Khmer d Viet Nam va Campuehia la cung chung mot tpc ngUdi, van hoa tpc ngUdi gifl[r]
Trang 1QUAN HE TOC NGUdl 6 HAI BEN BIEN Gidl QUOC GIA VIET NAM - CAMPUCHIA
PHAN AN*
Bai vie't ngdn nay, chi la mot vai
ghi chep mang tinh tU lieu lien
quan de'n moi quan he toc ngUdi ci hai ben
bien gidi Viet Nam - Campuehia trong
thdi gian gan day, kM toi co dip di cong
tac ci mpt so' tinh Nam Bo co chung dUdng
bien gifla hai nUdc nhU Binh Phudc, Tay
Ninh, An Giang, Kieng Giang
Bien gidi quo'c gia dUdc xae dinh rat
muon so vdi lich sii hinh thanh toc ngUdi,
cung nhu dia vUc cU tru cua cac toc ngUdi
t i nMeu the ky ve trUdc Dudng bien gidi
Viet Nam - Campuehia hien hflu, da cat
qua nMeu khu vUc cU tru, nhieu lanh thd
tpc ngUdi nhu ngUdi Khmer, Stieng,
Mnong, Ede va ca ngUdi Viet, ngUdi Hoa
nfla Do'i vdi cac tpc ngUdi, dudng bien gidi
quo'c gia da phan chia hp thanh hai bp
phan, la nhflng cong dan cua m6i quo'c gia,
phai chiu sU quan Iy hanh chinh cua mdi
quo'c gia ma hp dang cU tru Su phan chia
nay, trong chflng mUc nhat dinh cung co
anh hucing de'n dien trinh, va xu hudng
phat trien tpc ngUdi ciia cac tpc ngUdi
thupc hai qudc gia Tuy nMen, dUdng bien
gidi quo'c gia cflng khong hoan toan ngan can, trd ngai viec quan he, giao lUu cua cac thanh vien, cac cpng ddng ciia cac tpc ngUdi trong cac Iinh vUc kinh te, van hda Mpt nong dan Khmer ci c i a khau
Xa Xia (Ha Tien - Kien Giang) noi vui:
"Moi ngay toi di nUde ngoai hai Ian " Thi
ra, budi sang hai cha con anh dong bo qua cac ddi cd ben kia bien gidi chan tha, buoi chieu anh Iai qua don con va bo trd ve d Tay Ninh, mot sd cpng ddng ngUdi Cham, Khmer, trong thdi ky cho'ng My da phai dat qua ben kia bien gidi, nUdng nau d cac dia phUdng tren da't CampucMa tranh bom dan, va cac cupc hanh quan cua chinh quyen Sai Gon Sau 1975, mpt so' ba con ngUdi Cham, Khmer Iai trd ve Tay Ninh lap lang xom, phum soc, plei Dudi thdi Pdn-pdt, mpt so' ngUdi Cham, Hoa, Khmer phai rdi bd dat song d CampucMa, keo sang ty nan dpc cac vung bien gidi pMa Viet Nam Sau 1979, cham d i t che dp diet chung cua Khmer dd, mpt sd^ba con nay Iai quay ve Campuehia, va cung co mpt it gia dinh xin d Iai dinh cU d Viet Nam
PGS.TS Phan An, Vien Khoa hoc Xa hoi TP Ho Chi Minh
Trang 2Nghien cdu Ddng Nam A 8/2010
Sinh so'ng dpc hai ben bien gidi Viet
Nam - Campuehia, dong nhat la cac dan
tpc Khmer, Viet Ve ngudi Khmer d Viet
Nam va Campuehia la cung chung mot tpc
ngUdi, van hoa tpc ngUdi gifla hai nhom
nay co nMeu net tUdng tU nhau nhu ngon
ngfl, chfl vie't, tin ngUdng, ton giao Su
khac nhau gifla hai nhom nay cung c6 the
nhan bie't ditdc qua cac phUdng ngfl, hoac
mpt sd^ phong tuc tap quan anh hudng bdi
ngUdi Viet, ngudi Hoa cung cpng cU nhu
trang phuc, nep sdrig v.v Trong lich s i ,
ngUdi Khmer d hai ben bien gidi, va ngUdi
Viet d dia phUdng da sdm doan ke't gan bo
Trong cupc khang chien chdng Phap xam
lUdc vad cudi the ky XIX dau XX, trong
nghia quan ciia TrUdng Quyen, con
TrUdng Dinh, va mpt so' cupc khdi nghia
khac dpc bien gidi da c6 sU tham gia dong
dao cua ba con Khmer, va cac tpc ngUdi
anh em d hai ben bien gidi Nhieu the ky
qua, gifla hai dan tpc Viet, Khmer va cac
dan tpc anh em d dpc hai ben dudng bien
da CO sU giao luu, gdn ket tren nhieu mat
nhu kinh te, van hoa Trong nhflng nam
gan day mo'i quan he giao lUu do c6 chieu
hu6ng phat trien tdt dep
O vung bien gidi Viet Nam
-Campuehia thupc cac tinh Ddng Thap, An
Giang, Kien Giang, da co nhieu ba con
ngudi Viet sang ben kia bien gidi Iam an
sinh song bang nhieu nganh nghe Mpt so
ba con d Ddng Thap, An Giang sang cac
dia phUdng thupc tinh Preiveng, Takeo,
Kandan thue da't ciia ba con nong dan
Khmer de lam rupng, lam dia nuoi ca d
nhflng ndi nay da't rpng ngUdi thUa, nen da't hoang hoa con nhieu va da't dai kha mau md Sau khi thu hoach xong, ngUdi thue tra mpt khoang tien cho chu da't va chd lua ve Viet Nam Kha nhieu tre em d dpc bien gidi tinh An Giang giap Campuehia, da sang Campuehia, chan bo thue cho cac chii trang trai nuoi bo ngUdi Campuehia Vai em va ngUdi ldn nhan vai chuc con bd va chan ddt tren cac canh ddng bai cd dpc bien gidi Cac em an ngu theo sU di chuyen cua dan bo, hang thang, ngUdi cua chu de'n tra tien cong Khong it
em, vi cong cupc mUu sinh da phai bd hpc,
xa gia dinh nhieu thang trdi, cung c6 mpt so' em chi lam thue vao mua he, thdi gian nghi hpc d Ddng Thap, vao mua nUcic xudng, nhieu phu nfl ngudi Viet Iai keo nhau sang Campuehia lam thue vdi cac cong viec nhu md, Udp ca, kho ca, lam mam, chpn rua, rdn cho cac chii ngudi Khmer Nhflng san pham nay phan nhieu dUdc xuat sang Viet Nam Dac biet khi vao vu lua non thang nam, sau, nhieu ngudi d Ddng Thap Iai sang Campuehia lam thue v6i viec Iam thit chupt ddng Nhflng canh ddng hoang, ddng lua d Campuehia ra't nhieu chupt, chu rupng thue ngUdi danh bay bdt chupt va sd che thit chupt de ban cho cac thUdng Iai Viet Nam chd ve Ddng bang song C i u Long, d
An Giang, khu vUc kenh Vinh Te va vung dat giap bien gidi, vao mua nu6c noi, nhieu ba con ngudi Viet, Khmer cho xudng theo cac kenh rach bang qua ben kia bien gidi danh bat ca, torn, rua, rdn
Trang 3Phan An - Quan he tdc ngUdi d hai hen bien gidi qudc gia
Cung vung nay va xuo'ng Tri Ton, nhieu ban qua dUdng bien theo dang tieu ngach, ngUdi Khmer d Viet Nam lai sang cac soc va ca viec buon lau xuyen quoc gia Qua ben kia bien gidi Iam thue cho cac 16 viec buon ban kinh doanh d cac c i a khau, dudng thot not, mpt dac san cua ngUdi chd bien gidi va cac dudng mdn xuyen bien Khmer d dpc hai ben bien gidi gidi, da tao dieu kien gan gui, giup dd va
6 Tay Ninh, vao mua nhd dau phung, cung cai thien ddi song cho ba con cac dan lam dat mia, gat lua can rat nhieu nhan ^Oc hai ben bien gidi
cong Mpt sd^ chu thau d i n g ra nhan viec, Ve ddi sdng tinh than, van hda, moi
va tuyen mp nhan cong Ngoai so' nhan quan he tpc ngudi ciia cac dan tpc d hai cong tai cho, mpt so' chii thau da sang ben ben bien gidi Viet Nam - Campuehia, kia bien gidi tuyen mp ba con nong dan cflng diln ra kha soi dpng Cac bp phan Khmer d Campuehia Tflng doan ngudi tpc ngUdi d hai ben bien gidi co nhieu quan Campuehia khoang 20 - 30 ngudi keo he nhU ddng tpc, ddng hUdng, dong hp, sang Tay Ninh di lam cong Hp mang theo hon nhan Khong it gia dinh, ddng hp ba
ao quan dd dac can dung nhU vong, mung con ngudi Khmer d Tay Ninh, An Giang, tim de'n nha chu thau xin viec Hp se d lai Kien Giang dinh cU ca hai ben bien gidi Tay Ninh mpt thdi gian trong sudt vu de cua hai quo'c gia tfl lau ddi Cho den nay, Iam cong Vao thdi diem cudi nam 2007, nhflng cupc hon nhan ma chu re va co dau tien cong lao dpng lam da't, nhd dau ci hai ben bien gidi, nhflng dam cUdi rUdc phung d Tay Ninh khoang 35 - 40.000 dau re xuyen bien gidi kha phd bie'n C6 le d/ngUdi/ngay, mpt sd chu thau bao cdm va do la nhflng cupc hon nhan xuyen qudc gia chd d Cflng d Tay Ninh, trong may nam kha dac biet co dau chu re khong cam qua, ba con ngUdi Khmer dang gang sic, tha'y xa each vi minh la nhflng ngUdi cua tap trung tien cua xay dUng Iai nha chua hai quoc gia Hp chi bie't minh la ngudi
da bi san phdng trong chien tranh Nhieu Khmer, la ba con, hp hang, quen bie't thd xay, nghe nhan ngUdi Khmer d ben nhau tfl lau Mpt sd cupc hon nhan nhu kia bien gidi da dUdc mdi sang xay cat, tren chi thong qua thu tuc d dia phUdng trang tri, dieu khac tUdng Phat cho cac ^ S t ben, va co khi khong can thii tuc chua Khmer cua mpt so phum soc hanh chinh ma chi can sU chflng giam cua Hoat dpng buon ban, giao thUdng gifla cpng ddng la du Toi da gap mot thanh hai ben bien gidi trong nhflng nam qua nien Khmer d Campuehia lay vd d Tay cflng da cuon hut mpt bp phan cac cU dan Ninh va dang d nha vd each bien gidi hdn dan tpc d dia phUdng Mpt sdba con ngUdi 500 met Anh ta da d day hdn mpt nam tfl Viet, Khmer, Hoa kha gia lap c i a hang ngay cu6i, va chUa co gia'y dang ky ke't dia ly, phan ldn ngUdi ngheo lam c i u van, hon cua chinh quyen Viet Nam, hoac cac dich vu Uen quan khac de'n viec buon vUdng quoc Campuehia Anh ta cho bie't,
Trang 4Nghiin cdu Ddng Nam A 8/2010
sdp tdi se trd qua Campuehia dUng nha d
gan nha cha me de de vd anh sinh con, rdi
mdi den chinh quyen xin dang ky ket hon
Anh noi d Campuehia Iam gia'y td de hdn
d Viet Nam, va viec qua Iai bien gidi
khong c6 gi kho Tfl nhd anh va dam tre
con chan bo da thupc long cac dudng mon
qua bien gidi rdi!
Ba con ngUdi Stieng d Campuehia dpc
bien gidi Viet Nam - CampucMa theo
song Dak Quyt v i n thudng qua lai tham
vieng nhflng ngUdi ddng tpc d Viet Nam
Hp ke't hdp mua sdm, trao ddi hang hoa va
ngM Iai nha hp hang d Binh Phudc mpt
vai hom rdi mdi trd ve CampucMa Cac
ddn bien phong d Binh Phudc da tao dieu
kien thuan ldi eho ba con Stieng d hai ben
bien gidi qua Iai, va luu tru tren da't Viet
Nam Trong dip Ie hpi mflng lua mdi vao
thang 1 1 - 1 2 hang nam, ba con d cac
"poh" Stieng hai ben bien gidi luan pMen
td chflc cung lua va hpi Ie Vao dip nay
viec qua Iai eua ba con ngudi Stieng d hai
ben bien gidi de tham vieng, le hpi trd nen
dong due va vui ve hdn
Cflng vao dip Ie hpi truyen tho'ng hang
nam cua ba con Khmer d cac tinh Tay
Ninh, An Giang, Kien Giang cflng la
dip de mpi ngUdi qua lai dudng bien gidi
gap gd, tham hdi nhau, cung nhau vui tet
nhu Choi Thnam Thmei, Ok Angbok Vao
dip Id hpi Ok Angbok d An Giang hang
nam c6 td chflc dua bo d tri Ton, Tinh
Bien, da co rat dong ba con ngUdi Khmer
tfl ben kia bien gidi sang tham du d Tay
Ninh may nam trUdc, va ca gan day, mot
sd phum soc cua ngudi Khmer khdng c6 chua, hoac chUa xay Iai chua hi pha buy trong chien tranh da keo sang cac ngoi chfla Khmer ben kia bien gidi de lam Ie Choi Thnam Thmei, Delta Mpt sd gia dinh Khmer d Tay Ninh dpc bien gidi da sang Campuehia rUdc cac nha sU ve Viet Nam Iam ll cau sieu cho gia dinh ddng hp hoac cac le thflc khac can co sU hien dien ciia sU sai (ThUc te, nhflng nam sau 1975, so' Ifldng sU sai Khmer ngay cang trd nen
it hdn Co hien tUdng mot so' chfla Khmer
d Tay Ninh, Binh Phudc (huyen Lpc Ninh) khong CO sU Khmer tu hanh Co chua phai mdi cac nha sU d Tra Vinh, Soc Trang, hoac tfl Campuehia de'n de hanh le) Qua hdn mpt nam di ve cong tac dpc bien gidi Viet Nam - Campuehia tfl Binh Phudc den Kien Giang, chung toi ghi Iai mpt doi dieu vun vat tren day Cung qua
do cho tha'y mdi quan he tpc ngudi d hai ben bien gidi dien ra kha soi dpng, ba con moi dan tpc va cac dan tpc d hai ben da co
sU gan bo mat thiet tfl lau ddi Dudng bien gidi quoc gia cua hai nUdc Viet Nam
- Campuehia khong can ngai nhieu ddi vdi mol quan he tpc ngudi gifla hai quo'c gia O goc dp quan he tpc ngudi, chung toi cho rang, hoan toan hien thUc va phat huy truyen thdng day manh hdn nfla viec xay dung mpt dudng bien gidi Viet Nam -Campuehia dn dinh, hoa binh va hflu nghi gifla hai quo'c gia va cpng ddng cac dan tpc cua hai quo'c gia dpc hai ben dudng bien gidi./