Quan hệ kinh tế Việt - Mỹ trong bối cảnh Mỹ hiện nay.

Dinh hudng chinh sach dd'i ngoai cua My hien nay cd mpt so' net dang chd y: 1/ Bao dam tuyet dd'i lpi ich sd'ng cdn va an ninh qud'c gia ciia My va cic ddng minh, thuc day tang trUdn[r]

QUAN HE KINH TE VIET - MY

• •

TRONG BOI CANH MY HIEN NAY

Gidi t h i e u

Muc tieu cua bai viet la tim hieu bd'i

canh mdi hien nay khi chinh quyen cua

Tong thd'ng Obama dang tien hanh

dieu chinh chinh sach dd'i ngdai, trdng

dieu kien nUdc My phai dd'i mat vdi

nhieu thach thdc trong va ngoai nUdc

va Viet Nam dang vUdt qua khung

hoang tai chinh toan cau va khd khan

trong nUdc, Viet Nam can thdc day

quan he hpp tic kinh te vdi Hoa Ky

trong giai doan mdi, phu hdp vdi nhdng

thay ddi cda hai nUdc va the gidi

Chung tdi trinh bay vi'n de bd'i canh

mdi hien nay theo hudng mpt so' npi

dung cua bdi canh nhU sau: trUdc tien,

xic dinh nhdng van de ma nifdc My

phai dd'i mat hien nay va viec dinh

hinh chinh sach ciia nUdc My ThU hai,

nhdng dinh hUdng chinh sich dd'i ngoai

cua chinh quyen Obama ThU ba,

nhdng y kien ve quan he hpp tic kinh

te Viet N a m - Hoa Ky,

Npi dung cua bd'i canh mdi hien

nay trong quan he gida hai nUdc Viet

Nam va Hoa Ky cd the cd nhieu,

nhung chung tdi chi trinh bay nhdng

van de lien quan den chinh sach dd'i

ngdai va nhdng dinh hudng chien lifdc

cda nUdc My, Vi viec dinh hudng

chien lifdc va xay diing chinh sach dd'i

ngoai mdi cd tinh khach quan (nhdng

nhan td ben trong va ben ngoai quy

dinh mpt nUdc phai cd chinh sach

thich dng), lai vda cd tinh chu quan,

ddng thdi, cung phai phd hdp vdi ban

GS T S N g u y i n T h i e t S d n

Vien Nghien ci/u Chdu My

linh va nang liic thiic hien cua nhdng ngUdi thiic thi chinh sach, neu khdng, chinh sach se bi pha san Chinh vi vay, chinh sach dd'i ngoai cua chinh quyen Obama se cd nhdng tac dpng khac nhau dd'i vdi cic nUdc va cac khu viic tren the gidi, cung nhU dd'i vdi Viet Nam, do dd van de c i n dUdc nghien cdu mpt each than trpng, de cd the cd mpt so' de xua't gdp phan tao cd

sd cho viec hoach dinh chinh sach (d day la chinh sach quan he kinh te) cua Viet Nam dd'i vdi Hoa Ky,

1 Hoa Ky - Nhfing v a n de phai doi mat

Hoa Ky hien nay la mpt nUdc ldn nha't the gidi ve kinh te, chinh tri va quan sii, nhUng Hoa Ky cung phai dd'i mat vdi rat nhieu t h i c h thdc, ben canh nhdng lpi ich thu dupc do vi tri sieu CUPng so' mdt the gidi

Tdng thd'ng Obama len c i m quyen vdi khau hieu t r a n h cd la nudc My can thay ddi, Va thiic te, vdi nhdng di san cua chinh quyen Bush, nUdc My phai cd mpt chinh sach dd'i ngoai mdi, Hien nay, cai ma the gidi trdng dpi chinh la "Hpc thuyet" Obama, treng

dd cd ca hpc thuyet ve dd'i ngoai, se nhu the nao, Chinh vi mudn cd nhieu thay ddi trong thdi dai nUdc My ngay cang cd nhieu dd'i thu canh tranh chia

p h i n va the gidi cung dang bien ddi het siic n h a n h chdng, nUdc My dang dd'i mat vdi nhieu thach thdc hdn

t r d n g khi sdc m a n h cua nudc My d a n g

giam sut tUdng ddi,

Thdch thUc trUdc tien la k h u n g

h o a n g k i n h te tai c h i n h t r o n g nudc va

t r e n t h e gidi va t i e m lUc tdng the cua

nudc My d a n g giam sut n g h i e m trpng

(trong ty t r p n g t o a n c i u ) T i c dpng

cua k h u n g h o a n g va tiem liic tdng t h e

giam sut dupc do b i n g n h d n g a n h

h u d n g tieu ciic, to ldn, den toan bp ddi

sd'ng k i n h te - xa hpi My, den ta't ca

cac cdng ty, td chdc, mdi ngUdi dan;

h i n g ty t r p n g giam sut cua G D P va sd

n g a n h mui n h p n d d n g d i u sd vdi t h e

gidi; dupc do b i n g viec liic lifdng

khiing bd d a m ti'n cdng triic dien vae

bieu t u p n g cua nUdc My chinh trong

long nudc My va dd My dUdng nhU

ngay lap tdc chd'ng t r a , t u y e n chien

vdi chu n g h i a k h u n g bd', nhUng thiic

te, chd n g h i a k h u n g bd' v i n "chUa sd"

My; dupc do b a n g viec nUdc ldn k h i c

tai dien d a n q u a n t r p n g cda t h e gidi

gan day de nghi giam vai trd t h e gidi

cda ddng ddla My,

Day la t h i c h t h d c q u a n trpng nhi't,

vi neu nifdc My I i sieu cifdng m a n h

me n h u trUdc, k h d n g lUc lu'dng nao

dam t h i c h t h d c n h u vay c i Sii g i i m

sut v i yen k e m cda vai trd v i sdc

m a n h My da gay n e n t i n h t r a n g dd,

Nhieu hpc g i i v i c h i n h k h a c h My cho

rang, hien nay nUdc My du gap khd

k h a n van d a n g la mpt nifdc p h a t trien

m a n h me n h a t t h e gidi, chi cd dieu

nhieu nUdc c u n g d a n g p h a t trien

m a n h len, chiem ty t r p n g ldn hPn so

vdi trUdc, k h i e n ty p h i n cda My giam

tUdng ddi sd vdi cac nifdc khac, nhifng

nUdc My van d a n g di dau,

- Thdch thi/c thU hai la My p h a i cd

chinh sach ngdai giad mdi, cdng cu

thiic hien mdi, C h i n h sach dd chuyen

td ddn phifdng, sdc m a n h , dd'i d i u

triic dien s a n g da phifdng, hda hoan

hdp t i c , sU d u n g sdc m a n h tri tue,,,

chd p h d hdp vdi sdc m a n h va kha

n a n g hien n a y cda My Chinh phd My phai n h a n h chdng dinh hinh chinh

s i c h dd'i ngdai mdi de xac dinh vai tre cua My hien n a y t r o n g hpp t i c va giii quj'e't cac vi'n de qud'c te va cung la de hao ve lpi ich cda nUdc My

Thdch, thUc tiep theo I i c i c h thdc

giai quyet c i c diem ndng t r e n the gidi

va c i c v a n de toan cau: - Chd'ng

k h u n g bd'; - Iraq; - I r a n : - B i c Trieu Tien; A f g h a n i s t a n va P a k i s t a n : -Hda binh T r u n g Ddng vdi van de Israel va P a l e s t i n e : - C i c van de t o i n

c i u , n h u k h u n g h o i n g tai chinh, van

de d i u md n a n g lu'dng van de khi

h a u , ndng len t e a n c i u , van de dich benh,, Day la n h d n g v a n de lien quan den hda b i n h dn dinh va p h a t trien dd'i d i u va hdp t i c , canh t r a n h va quyen liic, lien q u a n den sii suy yeu, giam sut vai trd t o i n c i u cua My,

Thdch thUc thU tU la giai quyet cic

mdi q u a n he vdi T r u n g Qudc quan he vdi Nga, Day I i t h i c h thdc q u a n trpng

t h u d n g xuyen trifdc m a t va lau dai dd'i vdi vai trd sieu cu'dng sd mpt the gidi cua My,

Trdng c i c mdi q u a n he va t h i c h thdc t r e n day ddi vdi nUdc My, quan

he vdi k h u viic Deng N a m A, trdng dd

Cd Viet N a m , rd r a n g khdng p h i i Ii

h i n g d i u Mpt t r o n g n h d n g van de r a t quan trpng cua cUdng qud'c My trdng bd'i canh hien nay la dinh h i n h dieu chinh lai t e a n bp sii p h i t trien cda nUdc My

t h e e met md h i n h p h a t trien mdi, hay

me h i n h p h a t trien k i n h te - xa hpi cua cUdng qud'c so' mpt the gidi, cd k h i

n a n g tao diing budc ngoat cho sii p h i t trien cda nifdc My v i t h e gidi

Ngifdi ta cho rang, cupc khdng

b e i n g tai chinh toan cau hien nay la cupc k h d n g hoang ldn nhat td sau Dai

k h u n g b e i n g kinh te 1929-1933 Trong khoang 80 nam qua, nUPc My da cd

nhdng lan dieu chinh budc ngoat quan

trpng: thdi Tdng thd'ng F, Roosevelt

nam 1933 vdi thach thdc cua Dai

khung hoang va thiic hien New Deal;

thdi Tdng thd'ng R, Reagan nhiing nam

1980 vdi nhdng thach thdc cua Chien

tranh Lanh va ngay nay, ngudi ta dang

ddi hdi v i dpi chd cd sU thay ddi bUdc

ngoat cho mpt ky nguyen mdi, ky

nguyen sau Chien tranh Lanh, Nhdng

budc ngoat nay deu cd nhdng thay ddi

ldn trong chinh sach dd'i npi lan chinh

sach dd'i ngoai cua Hoa Ky,

New Deal cua Tdng thd'ng F,

Roosevelt dupc thiic hien de phuc hdi

nUdc My va xic dinh vai trd vi tri cua

My tren the gidi sau Dai khung

hoang, "Mpt tram ngay dau tien" cua

Roosevelt tap trung vao thiic hien cdu

trp khan cap, mpt phan cua Chien

lupc phuc hdi va phat trien di't nUdc

Td ngay 9/3 den 16/6 nam 1933, Tdng

thdng Roosevelt da de trinh Qudc hpi

mpt so' lupng ky luc cic dii luat, va ta't

ca deu dUdc thdng qua Rat nhieu

cdng viec khan cip da dupc thiic hien:

1/ Vdi gdi kich thich kinh te 3,3 ty

USD nham cdu trp, viic day v i phat

trien cic nganh kinh te, nhU cdng

nghiep, ndng nghiep, xay diing, xay

diing nha d, dUdng sat ,, tad viec lam

va giam that nghiep; 2/ Thiic thi cat

giam ngan sach lien bang, treng dd cd

40% quy trp cap ciiu chien binh va

toan bp chi tieu quan sii, cat ngan

sach danh cho luc quan va hai quan;

3/ c i t giam ngudn thu cua chinh phu;

4/ Thanh lap cac doanh nghiep qud'c

doanh trong dd cd doanh nghiep ldn

nhat trong lich sd nUdc My

(Tennessee Valley Authority -TVA, de

quan ly cac dii an d Tennessee); 5/

Ban hanh va thiic hien cac dae luat

thiet yeu cho cupc sd'ng, lao dpng va

cai each kinh te, nhu Dao luat An

sinh Xa hpi, thiet lap he thd'ng an

sinh xa hdi va hda hen an sinh kinh

te cho ngUdi gia, ngudi ngheo va ngUdi benh Dao luat Wagner - Dao luat Quan he Lao dpng Qud'c gia, danh cho cdng nhan quyen td chdc nghiep doan, tham gia cac cupc thUPng thao vdi cic

td chdc nghiep doan va quyen tham gia dinh cdng, Dao luat Cdng nghiep

Qud'c gia {National Industrial

Recovery Act - NIRA) nam 1933 thiic

hien Cai each nen kinh te, nham cham ddt tinh t r a n g canh t r a n h khd'c liet, bang each bupc cac nganh cdng nghiep phai t u a n thu bp qui tac an dinh cd che van h a n h cho mpi cdng ty nhu gia san, thda hiep t r a n h canh tranh va dinh mdc s i n xua't

Day la thdi ky ban tay hdu hinh cua chinh phu phat huy tac dung dUa nUdc My thoat khdi khung hoang, trd thanh nUdc hung manh nha't the gidi, cung la thdi ky budc ngoat to ldn cua nUdc My vdi Ky nguyen Roosevelt trong lich sU nUdc n i y

Ky nguyen R Reagan cung bat d i u

td nhdng phan dng lai t i c dpng tieu cUc cua lam p h i t , suy thoai kinh te

t r i m trpng, d i u nhdng nam 1980, nhdng phdc tap trong quan he qud'c

te, sii banh trUdng vai trd va pham vi hoat dpng cua chinh phii Va Reagan

da ghi dau an trong viec dinh hinh lai

p h i t trien cho nUdc My, ca trong dd'i npi l i n dd'i ngoai vdi nhdng tU tUPng, quan diem cP ban sau:

1/ Bai bd cic quy dinh va giam vai trd cua chinh phu dd'i vdi nen kinh te (nghia la loai bd quyen liic cua ban tay hdu hinh dd'i vdi viec dieu hanh va quan ly nen kinh te);

2/ Thay ddi chinh sach tai chinh: cat giam thue;

3/ Dieu chinh chinh sich dd'i ngoai

va sii dung quyen liic, Reagan da thiic hien mpt chinh sach dd'i ngoai thiic dung diia vao sdc manh quan sU va

"rd rang ve mat tinh than"

N h d n g q u a n diem va y tUdng cua

R e a g a n da dupc d n g d u n g t r o n g thiic

tien, Va s a u nay, G, B u s h da p h i t

t r i e n t h e m vdi hpc t h u y e t d i n h ddn

p h u d i u t r o n g q u a n h e qud'c te, NgUdi

t a cho r i n g , Hpc t h u y e t R e a g a n cd t h e

da p h u hdp vdi bdi c a n h t h e gidi va

nUdc My luc dd, da d i n den sii sup do

cua n h a nUdc Lien B a n g Xd-viet,

cha'm d d t Chien t r a n h L a n h , t h e gidi

cd n h i e u t h a p ky t a n g trUdng k i n h te,

•dUa nUdc My len vi t r i sieu cUdng duy

n h i ' t t r e n t h e gidi, NhUng sii tiep tuc

cua c i c t h e h e c h i n h p h u My va sii

t h i i q u i cua G B u s h da l i m che nUdc

My l d n s a u vao k h u n g h o a n g tai

chinh k i n h te, t i n h h i n h q u a n he qudc

te cang t h i n g , c h u n g h i a k h u n g bd'

p h a t t r i e n , n h i e u nUdc ldn nhd cua t h e

gidi p h i t t r i e n m a n h len cd k h a n a n g

c a n h t r a n h triic tiep vdi My, nhieu

nUdc cd k h a n a n g chia p h i n va de dpa

triic tiep den sdc m a n h va ldi ich cua

My t r e n k h i p t h e gidi,

Nudc My c i n cd sii t h a y ddi va phai

t h a y ddi de p h i t t r i e n , day la n h u c i u

ri't cap t h i e t cua nUdc My hien nay,

NhUng mud'n t h a y ddi va tao nen dupc

"ky n g u y e n mdi" h a y k h d n g I i mdt

hien thiic k h i c , nd ddi hdi Tdng thdng

cua nUdc My (Tdng thd'ng O b a m a hien

nay, hoac Tong thd'ng n h d n g nhiem

ky tiep theo) p h a i giai quyet ddt

k h o a t va trUdc tien n h d n g vi'n de cd

b a n s a u day:

1/ Giai q u y e t vi'n de k h u n g h o a n g

t i i chinh k i n h te h i e n n a y mdt each cd

ban, lau dai va tau tien de thuc day

t a n g trUdng k i n h te My che n h i e u

t h i p ky tdi,

2/ Heach d i n h c h i n h s i c h ddi ngdai

n h i m x i c dinh lai vai trd l a n h dao t h e

gidi cua My D a y la mpt n h i e m vu khd

k h a n p h d c t a p , vi n h i e u nUdc t r e n t h e

gidi d a n g p h a t t r i e n vifdt d a n ra khdi

sii kiem seat triic tiep cua My Chinh

s i c h n g a n h a n trUdc m a t cua My la

p h a i cung vdi c i c nUdc t r e n the gi6i vUdt qua khiing h o a n g k i n h te tai chinh, n h a m xda bd h i n h a n h xau cua nUdc My va lay lai niem tin cua the gidi d a n g r a t giam sut v i o nUdc My 3/ Dinh h i n h sii p h i t t r i e n cda nUdc

My t r o n g n h d n g t h i p ky tdi

Giai quyet n h d n g v a n de t r e n day

cd nghia la cd t h e p h a i vUpt qua

n h d n g di s i n cua F Roosevelt R Reagan, va n h i e u tdng thd'ng k h i c cua

My de tao r a mpt chu t h u y e t phat

t r i e n mdi cho nUdc My t r o n g bo'i c i n h

t h e gidi h i e n n a y d a n g t h a y ddi Chi

CO n h u vay nUdc My mdi c6 k h i n a n g tiep tuc p h i t trien, va cung cd nghia

la dinh h i n h mpt chinh s i c h p h a t trien mdi cd t i n h chat bifdc ngoat, trong dd c6 chinh s i c h dd'i ngoai

2 NhiJfng d i n h h u ' d n g c h i n h s a c h

d o i n g o a i ciia c h i n h q u y e n O b a m a Mpt t r o n g n h d n g dinh hudng chinh

s i c h dd'i ngoai q u a n trpng nhi't cua chinh quyen O b a m a hien nay la chuyen t d chu nghia dPn phUPng va

sd d u n g sdc m a n h i p d i e sang chu nghia da phUdng, hdp t i c hdn va it ngao m a n hdn ve met "sieu cUdng duy

n h a t t r e n t h e gidi', ten trpng hdn tieng ndi cua cac nUdc k h i c

Su d u n g cac cdng cu dd'i ngdai p h u hpp hdn can b i n g hdn t r d n g sU dung sdc m a n h q u a n sii va ngdai giad' u n g

hd chinh s i c h ddi ngdai thiic dung cua

B u s h bd' Thiic hien chinh sach ngoai giao p h u hpp vdi q u a n diem g i i tri

t r u y e n thd'ng cua nUdc My, hpp t i c hda diu, dd'i thoai vdi cac qud'c gia, cd

ca cac qud'c gia Hdi giao Tuy nhien, Tdng thd'ng O b a m a cung da t d n g

t u y e n bd "Khdng n g a n ngai sd dung

vu liic de tieu diet cac p h i n tU k h d n g

bo cd kha nang uy hiep triic tiep den

an ninh cua nUdc My"

Cac cdng cu khac nhau bao gdm sdc

manh cdng, sdc manh mem, hay

chinh tri, quan sii, kinh te, ngoai giao,

van hda, xa hpi dupc sd dung ket

hpp trong quan he qud'c te Viec sU

dung tdng hpp cic cdng cu dUpc cac

hpc gia va quan chdc ngoai giao My

gpi la "Sdc manh Tri tue" Ngoai

trUdng My Hillary Clintdn coi viec sd

dung sdc manh tri tue cua chinh sich

dd'i ngoai My hien nay Ii n h i m dd'i

phd vdi cao t h i c h thdc toan ciu

Dinh hudng chinh sach dd'i ngoai cua

My hien nay cd mpt so' net dang chd y:

1/ Bao dam tuyet dd'i lpi ich sd'ng cdn va

an ninh qud'c gia ciia My va cic ddng

minh, thuc day tang trUdng kinh te My

va kinh te the gidi va thinh vUpng

chung, nham tang cUPng dia vi lanh

dao toan cau cua My, bao ve va thuc

day cac gia tri My tren the gidi, 2/ Tii

do va nhan quyen: khang dinh phat

trien kinh te thi trUdng tU dd, bid dam

tu dd v i thdc diy quyen con ngUdi nhu

la trpng t i m quan trpng cua chinh sich

dd'i ngdai cda My, 3/ Uu tien viec heach

dinh chinh sach dd'i ngdai phuc vu lpi

ich Hda Ky trdng quan he qud'c te v i

bao dam cho sU thanh cdng cua chinh

sich 4/ Su dung linh hoat, mem dee

cac cdng cu dd'i ngoai: ngoai giao dd'i

thoai, dam phan, thuyet phuc, dung cac

ddn biy kinh te nhU thUdng mai - dau

tu, bao gdm ca viec ky ket cac FTA, hd

trd p h i t trien chinh thdc (ODA), tang

cifdng hpp t i e quan sii, van hda, md

rpng hpp tic vdi cac chinh phd, cac td

chdc phi chinh phii,- cac td chdc qud'c te,

va giae luu nhan dan,

Chd den nay, chinh quyen Obama da

trien khai chinh sach dd'i ngoai tai h i u

nhu ta't ca cac khu viic tren the gidi:

khdi phuc va cung cd' quan he vdi chau

Au va Nga, gap gd va k h i n g dinh thien

chi hdp tie vdi cac nifdc Nam My, quan

tam hdn dd'i vdi chau A, chuyen trpng tam cua cupc chien chd'ng khung bd' td Iraq sang Afghanistan, chu trpng tien trinh hda binh Trung Ddng, dd bd mpt so' han che vdi Cuba va giam dd'i dau vdi Iran, Bic Trieu tien, hpp t i c thien chi vdi Viet Nam

Tai chau A, My khang dinh "la khu vUc cd t i m quan trpng sd'ng cdn dd'i vdi

My ngay nay va trong tUPng lai" Vdi

N h i t Ban,' My khdng dinh Nhat "la hdn da tang trong cac nd liic toan ciu cua M}^', cam ket tiep tuc bao ve Nhat Ban va giai quyet van de Trieu Tien, khung hoang kinh te, nang lifdng sach,

an ninh, bien ddi khi hau va cac van de toan cau khac Vdi Han Qud'c, My coi lien minh My - Han Qud'c la "lien minh chien lUpc toan cau" va la "hdn da tang cho hda binh va dn dinh tren ban dao Trieu Tien va Ddng Bac A",

Vdi cac nUdc ASEAN, My the hien mong mud'n thiet lap quan he dd'i tic toin dien va hdp t i c sau sac hdn, n h i m thuc day dan chu va phat trien, tae khudn khd thdc day nhdng lpi ich chung trdng cic van de khu viic va toan cau, Vdi Trung Qud'c, My cam ket se theo dudi cic quan he tich ciic, hdp tic, "lim sau sac hdn nda v i md rpng" quan he My-Trung, trong dd quan he kinh te song phUPng la "thiet yeu" do'i vdi My, duy tri dd'i thoai cap cao ve chien lUdc (cac van de chinh tri, an ninh va toan ciu) va dd'i thoai kinh te (cac van de tai chinh va kinh te) theo mpt khudn khd

rd rang, dai han va tdng the, NhQng dpng thai tren day cho thi'y

My dang chu trUPng thiic hien cac budc dieu chinh chien lupc dd'i ngdai mpt each thiic dung, mem deo, tang ban bdt thu, thuc d i y hpp t i c tren cac mat cd cung ldi ich, cha'p nhan tdn tai

sU khac biet, Dieu nay cd the la nhdng bUdc d i u cho mpt chinh sach ddi ngoai mdi cua My nham xay diing

mdt "trat tii the gidi mdi" tren cd sd

mpt hpc thuyet mdi,

3 Quan he Viet - My

Quan he Viet-My da trai qua mpt

giai doan k h i dai td khi My bd ci'm van

chdng Viet Nam va hien nay, mdi quan

he dd dupc d i n h gia la tich ciic, dip

dng dupc ldi ich cua ca hai ben, mac du

tiem nang chUa dUdc khai thic het,

Vdi chinh sich dd'i ngdai cua chinh

quyen My hien nay va trong tUdng lai,

Viet Nam c i n cd nhdng dieu chinh

thich dng de cd dUpc quan he tich ciic

vdi My phuc vu hieu qua sii nghiep

ddi mdi cua Viet Nam

Ve mat nhdn thuc: Nhdng t i c

dpng cua chinh sach dd'i ngoai cua

My ldi hai it hay nhieu den Viet Nam

va md'i quan he My-Viet phu thudc

ri't nhieu v i o nhan thdc cua ca hai

ben, nha't Ii cda Viet Nam, Neu Viet

Nam nhan thdc dung v i cd dd'i sich

hdp ly dd'i vdi chinh sich dd'i ngdai

cua My, thi Viet Nam cd the thu dUpc

nhieu lpi ich,

Mpt thiic te chinh sich dd'i ngoai

cua My cho tha'y My dang thay ddi

trong cich tiep can v i dng xU, My

dang sd dung cac bien p h i p dd'i thoai,

ling nghe, da phUPng, hpp tic giam

cang t h i n g , tang cUdng Idng tin vdi

cic nUdc v i cic khu v i i c

Nhdng thay ddi d My va chinh sich

dd'i ngoai My, nhi't la cac quan diem v i

dinh hifdng quan he qud'c te trong bo'i

canh qud'c te hien nay, cho phep chung

ta nhin nhan lai thich hpp ve nUdc My

trong quan he vdi Viet Nam, va xic

dinh hpp ly md'i quan he hpp tic kinh

te Viet Nam - Hoa Ky cho thdi gian tdi

TrUdc tien, theo chung tdi, can nhin

nhan Viet Nam cd vai trd, vi tri nhif

the nao dd'i vdi My, Cd the cd cic quan

diem sau:

1/ Neu chung ta cho ring, Viet

Nam dang phat trien manh me va cd

vai trd vi tri ra't to ldn trong khu viic

v i tren the gidi v i cdng cd vai tro rat

to ldn dd'i vdi My trong viec giup My tao the can b i n g trong khu viic, thi c6 the xic dinh mpt chinh sach nhat dinh nao dd;

2/ Neu cho rang, Viet Nam qua gin mpt p h i n tU the ky thiic hien Ddi mdi

da thu dupc mdt sd' ket qui nhat dinh ddi sd'ng nhan dan dupc cii thien hdn trUdc, quan he qud'c te dUdc rpng md hdn, Viet Nam dang thay ddi minh de phd hdp vdi budc chuyen cua the gidi, hda n h i p va lam ban vdi cic nUdc trong cdng ddng qud'c te, cd cic md'i quan he hdu nghi cung cd ldi vdi My thi cd the heach dinh mpt chinh sich nhat dinh nid dd trdng quan he vdi My

3/ Quan diem cua chung tdi cho

r i n g , Viet Nam da c6 nhieu thay ddi qua nhieu nam Ddi mdi, dang tdng budc hpi n h i p vao nen kinh te the gidi, vio cic boat dpng cua cdng ddng qud'c t$, Viet Nam dang cin cd nhieu dieu kien hPn de tiep tuc phat trien, chdng nguy cP tut hau, v i cii thien quan he vdi My la mdt dieu kien het sdc quan trpng Day la nhan thdc cua chdng tdi Tren cd sd nhan thdc nay, chdng tdi thay cin cd nhdng n h i n dinh thich hdp ve "nhan te'My" hien nay

Nhdn dinh ve "Nhdn td My": Td

n h i n thdc va quan niem tren, theo chdng tdi, nUdc My dang cd nhieu thay ddi, dang gap nhieu kho khan do khung b e i n g t i i chinh kinh te, do di

s i n cda cic chinh quyen trUdc de lai NhUng du cd nhieu thay ddi va gap khd khan, nUdc My v i n la sieu cUdng,

v i n Ii sdc manh kinh te se' mpt the gidi treng nhieu thap ky tdi, ngay ca khi gap khd khan to ldn do khdng hoang t i i chinh kinh te trong nUdc va toan c i u va cac dd'i tic khic dang ldn manh khdng ngdng, Ve khich quan, nudc My dang cd nhdng cd sd het sdc

to ldn, bao dam cho My ddng vai trd sieu cUdng sd mpt the gidi: khda hpc

cdng nghe, yeu td con ngUdi, tiem liic

quan sii, tiem liic kinh te, sii linh hoat

cua chinh sach qud'c gia, dam chap

nhan "thay ddi" trong the gidi "dang

ddi thay" hien nay, Day la cd sd vat

chi't quan trpng, ma nhdng nUdc nao

tren the gidi mud'n phat trien manh,

khdng the khdng tinh den de thiet lap

quan he vdi My

Nhicng quan diem, chinh sdch

vd ddi sdch cua Viet Nam trong

quan he vdi My: Neu nhan dinh nhU

tren (khdng phai de lo ngai sdc manh

My, m i la de cd chinh sich phu hdp),

chac chan Viet Nam can cd nhdng

quan diem, chinh sach va dd'i sich

thich dng vi lpi ich cua dan tpc

Quan diem, chinh sdch vd ddi sdch

ciia Ddng vd Nhd nUdc Viet Nam ri't rd

rang ve hpi nhap qud'c te, Viet Nam

dang tich cUc va chu dpng hpi nhap vie

cdng ddng qud'c te, dia chi tin cay cho

hdp tic qud'c te, Viet Nam lai dang cd

nhdng quan he tich ciic vdi Hoa Ky,

Dang va Nha nUdc Viet Nam chu trUdng

md rdng cic quan he hpp tic kinh te vdi

My, Cdi My Ii dd'i tic quan trpng cua

Viet Nam, trong hdp tic cin dap dng ldi

ich ciia ca hai ben, tdn trpng cac nguyen

tie dpc lap chu quyen, khdng can thiep

vie cdng viec npi bd,,

Mot sd y kien cua chung toi ve

"nhdn td My" vd quan he kinh te

Viet • My:

Chung tdi cd 5 y kien sau:

1/ Ve quan diem, can coi hdp t i c vdi

My la nhan td' nen tang, cd ban trdng

p h i t trien kinh te - xa hpi Viet Nam,

2/ Quan he vdi My phai coi My la

dd'i t i c chien lUpc quan trpng nhi't cua

Viet Nam,

3/ Nhanh chdng ky ket FTA vdi My,

4/ Cac quan he khac phai dupc

nang tam tUPng xdng: cac quan he an

ninh quan sU, chinh tri,

5/ Hpc tap kinh nghiem cua cac

nUdc trong quan he vdi My (Trung

Qud'c, Ddng Nam A, Ddng Bic A), thiic hien nguyen t i c cac ben thif ba tha'y khdng bi anh hUdng khi Viet Nam day m a n h va md rpng quan he vdi My

Nhdng y kien nay dUdc cu the hdn nhu sau:

Ve quan diem hdp tdc kinh te:

Trong dieu kien neu tren, Viet Nam

c i n chu dpng coi quan he vdi Hoa Ky nhu la mpt quan he nen tang quan trpng trong quan he qudc te, v i Ii quan he nen tang, cd ban trdng p h i t trien kinh te - xa hpi cua Viet Nam, ddng thdi cung coi trpng cac md'i quan

he vdi cac ben thii ba khac NhU vdy,

ve quan diem quan he hdp tdc kinh te vdi Hoa Ky, chdng toi de nghi coi

"Nhdn to' My" Id nhdn to' cd bdn, nen tdng trong phdt trien kinh te - xd hqi cua Viet Nam (Vi thiic te, hien nay

My da va se chiem ty trpng ra't ldn trong cac yeu to dau vao cua nen kinh

te Viet Nam: Vd'n (vd'n FDI ddng h i n g

d i u d Viet Nam, vd'n d i u tU giin tiep

se rat ldn), cdng nghe, may mdc thiet

bi, bi quyet quan ly, dao tao tri thdc

v i cic yeu to' d i u ra: thi trUdng tieu thu loai ldn nha't cua Viet Nam)

Ve dinh hUdng chinh sdch: Neu

nhu vay, can nang t i m quan he, nhU

da dupc khang dinh qua cac cupc gap thupng dinh Viet-My gida cac nha lanh dao Viet Nam va Hoa Ky, len hdp t i e toan dien, n h i m tang cUdng ldi ich va nang cao vi the cua Viet Nam Thiic tien lich sd diing nUdc v i gid nUdc cua Viet Nam cung da chi ra

r i n g , vdi chinh sich hdu nghi lim ban vdi ta't ca cac nUdc, Viet Nam da chuyen hda mpt each td't dep cic md'i quan he phdc tap, thu dich cua qua khd vdi nhieu nUdc sang quan he hdp

t i c hdu nghi cung cd ldi va tin tUdng lan nhau, Viet Nam cung dang hdp

t i e vdi My tren tinh than nhu vay

Nhu vdy, ve dinh hUdng chinh sdch,

chiing tdi cho rdng, cdn coi md rdng

quan he todn dien vdi My la viec binh

thudng dd'i vdi Viet Nam, cdng nhU

ddi vdi cdc nUdc tren the gidi vd My

phdi la dot tdc chien lUdc quan trqng

nhdt cua Viet Nam

Ve ddi sdch, hay cdc gidi phdp quan

he vdi Hoa Ky: C^hung tdi ddng t i n h

vdi n h i e u y k i e n che r a n g , t r d n g q u a n

he vdi Hda Ky, Viet N a m c i n cd:

1/ Chinh sdch ngoqi giao: thdn thien

vd da dqng, t d chd cd q u a n he t h u dich

t r e n g chien t r a n h (gida n h a n dan Viet

N a m vdi n h i i n g liic lifdng chu chien

trong chinh q u y e n va xa hpi My,

khdng p h a i vdi n h a n d a n My), chuyen

sang q u a n he dd'i t i c , cdng cd lpi

2 / Chinh sdch hdp tdc: todn dien

Ve kinh te: nhanh chdng tien tdi ky

ket FTA vdi My, day m a n h xua't n h a p

k h a u d i u tu, c h u y e n giao cdng nghe

Ve an ninh qudn sU, chinh tri phdi

dUdc ndng tdm tUdng xUng, t r o n g dd

cd cac md'i q u a n he hdp t i c sdng

phUdng Viet-My va cac md'i q u a n he

hpp t i c gida Viet N a m va Hoa Ky

trong c i c td chdc qud'c te v i q u a n he

vdi dd'i t i c t h d ba,

Ve cdc linh vUc khdc cdn dUdc md

rdng: hpp t i c t r o n g bao ve mdi trUdng,

p h i t t r i e n n a n g lifdng sach v i p h i t

trien ben vdng, xda ddi giam ngheo,

dao tao va g i i o due, y te, van h o i , t h e

due the t h a o , du lich, hdp t i c vdi

ngUdi Viet d My,,

Vi viec hoc tap kinh nghiem cua cdc

nUdc khdc trong quan he vdi My: Ra't

nhieu nUdc tren the gidi cd quan he vdi

My v i cd r a t nhieu kinh nghiem c i n

nghien cdu hpc tap, (J C h i u A nhieu

nUdc n h u T r u n g Qud'c, N h i t Ban, H a n

Qudc, T h i i Lan, Philippines,,,, cd r a t

nhieu quan he chat che vdi My, Neu cd

nghien cdu, se t h a y q u a n he cua Viet

Nam vdi My chUa dUdc bad nhieu, neu

Viet Nam md rpng hPn q u a n he vdi My,

cdng chua the b a n g cic nUdc tren, Vay

quan he Viet-My khdng the a n h hudng

nhieu hdn den cic nUdc tren se vdi

q u a n he cua c i c nifdc dd vdi My i n h hudng den Viet Nam,

31 Nguyen tdc hdp tdc: Treng hdp

t i c toan dien c i n tdn trpng n h d n g

n g u y e n tac t i n cay lan n h a u , khdng ne

t r i n h , t h a n g t h a n t r a o ddi c i c van de

v i biet n h a n nhUdng ( n h d n g van de chUa ce sii nha't tri), tdn trpng dpc lap

d a n tpc, chu q u y e n qud'c gia cdng viec npi bp h a i ben cdng cd lpi va khong xam h a i lpi ich cda ben t h d ba trong dieu kien t o a n c i u h o i v i hpi n h i p qud'c te hien nay

K e t l u a n

T r e n day la n h d n g y kien rieng,

c h d n g tdi cho r i n g , Viet N a m da chd dpng hpi n h a p qud'c te v i da xay diing dupc n h i e u q u a n he td't dep, tich ciic vdi Hoa Ky va da t h u dUdc nhieu ket

q u i ldn Trong dieu kien Hoa Ky dang

cd n h d n g t h a y ddi va bUdc chuyen mdi, Viet N a m c i n chu ddng cd chinh

s i c h thich hdp, thuc day m a n h me hdn n d a q u a n he t d i n dien vdi Hea

Ky t r d n g giai ddan mdi, vi lpi ich p h a t trien cda di't nUdc c h d n g ta •

Tdi lieu tham khdo:

1, Eliot Cohen, "What's Different about the Obama Foreign Policy?", http://online.wsj.com/article/ , Washinhton, Aug 2009

2 Michael Scherer, "The five Pillars of Obama's Foreign Policy", Washington 1,3 J u l 2009 Time.com

7 Aug 2009

3 H.A Kissinger, "Obama's Foreign Policy Challenge", 22 Apr 2009 The Washington Post.com

4 Randall B Woods, "Vietnam and the American

Political Tradition: The politics of Dissent"

Cambridge University Press, 2003

5 Joseph Nve, " Soft Power: The Means to Success in World Politics", Public Affairs, 2006

6 Dieu t r a n ciia Scot Marciel, Pho trd ly Ngoai trUdng

My, Vu cac van de Dong A - Thai Binh Diidng Bp Ngoai giao My ve "Hdp tac Hoa Ky - Viet Nam: 'Ve cac van de lien q u a n den Chat Da Cam" trade Tieu ban Chau A - Thai Binh Diidng va Moi'trUdng Toan cau, Uy ban Doi ngoai Ha nghi vien Hoa Ky Website US Embassy to Vietnam, 6/2009

7- Thong cao Bao chi Chung ve cuoc hop giCla Ngoai triidng Hoa Ky va Bo trifdng Ngo.ai giao cac nifdc ha nguon song Mekong Website US Embassy to Vietnam, 7/2009

Bdi viet tham gia de tdi 01.03/06-10