chiing ta can thyc hien nhiing chinh sach, bien phap nhu tao hanh lang phap ly thuan lgi dg khuyen khich hgp tac lao dpng, chuyen gia vdi cac nudc chau Phi, trao quyen ty chu cho cac [r]
Trang 1QUAN HE HOT TAC VIET NAM- CHAU PHI:
TCrDOAN KET HiJu NGHI DEN HgP TAC TOAN DIEN
VA DOI TAC CHIEN LiSOC
Do Due Dinh *
(tiep theo vd hit)
I I I Trien vong sang sua, tam nhin
ro rang, chien lu'dc co tfnh kha thi cao
1 Trien vgng quan he hcyp tac ngay
cang dirtyc ma rong theo hw&ng toan
dien va chien iwtyc
Tir thyc te cua tien trinh hgp tac da va dang
dugc thyc hien va mang lai mpt sd ket qua kha
quan nhu trong ban nira the ky vira qua, cd the
khiing dinh xu hudng md rdng cac quan he
hgp tac nhieu mat hudng tdi toan dien va chien
luge giira Viet Nam va cac nudc chau Phi se
tiep tuc dugc tang cudng va day manh trong
cac thap ky dau ciia the ky XXI Trien vpng
sang siia nay la co co sd vi trong thdi gian qua
chiing ta da diic riit dugc khdng it kinh nghiem
va da tim nhirng each lam thiet thyc, nhirng
linh vuc cd nhieu kha niing hgp tac nhir ngoai
giao, kinh te, thuang mai, ndng nghiep, dau tu,
lao dpng va chuyen gia, nhirng loai hang hoa
cua Viet Nam co kha nang xam nhap thi
Pho giao su Tien si,
Vien trucmg, Vien Nghien ciiu Chau Phi va Trung Dong
trudng chau Phi nhu gao hang det may giay dep ca phe hat tieu, cao su, san phiim cao su che, hang thii cong my nghe, san phiim dien dien tu CO khi dd nhya, phuang lien giao thong, hang tieu dimg do gd thuc phiim che bien, cac san pham cong nghe cao ma\ mac dien tir, hang cdng nghiep nhe hot gia \i Nhiing san pham niiy hien chiem khoang 70% tong kim ngach nhap khau cua chiiu Phi niim
2001 dat gia tri 96 ty USD, dy bao dSn niim
2010 se tang len 150 ty USD N5u nhu Viet Nam cd the xuat khau dupe \ao thi trudng nii) tir 1% den 2% tong gia tri kim ngach nhiip khau neu tren cua cac nudc chiiu Phi \iio niim
2010 hay tu 3% dgn 5% vao nam 2020 thi do
se lii mpt con sd riit khich le \a riit dang dc
chirng ta phan dau nhiit lii trong bcii canh the gidi lam vao khiing hoang nhu hien na> khi nhieu thi trudng xuat khau cua Viet Nam dii \ii dang bi thu hep Ve nhap khiiu chiing ta cimg
da tim dugc cac loai hiing boa cua chiiu Phi ma Viet Nam can nhu phiin bon hat dieu thi) bong xo thien nhien go ngu\en lieu, rau qua
Tgp chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUING BOING so 09 (49) thang 9/2009 39
Trang 2Do Du'c Dinh Quan he hdp tac Viet Nam-chau Phi
hai san hoa chit, nguyen phu lieu det may,
nguyen phu lieu thudc la, kim loai, sat thep
vk hinh thirc hgp tac tuy con ban che nhung
chiing ta ciing da khac phuc dugc tinh trang
chu y^u dya vao doi tac thir ba, dan dan thiet
lap dugc cac quan he hgp tac hai ben, ba ben,
nhim ben ca hgp tac true tiep vii gian tiep Ve
d6i tac mac dii den nay ta mdi co quan he kha
\'di mpt so nudc nhu Nam Phi, Ai Cap,
Morocco Algeria Tanzania Nigeria, Angola
Cot d'lvoire Namibia va Cong hda Congo,
nhung day la nhung xuat phat diem de chiing
ta tiSn xa hon md rpng hon quan he hgp tac
vdi Ccic nudc chiiu Phi
2 7am nhin 2050: Hcyp tac toan dien,
doi tac chien Iwo'C
Tir thyc te cua mdi quan he hiru nghi truyen
thong tot dep ngay ciing phat trien tien len giira
Viet Nam va cac nudc chau Phi, chung ta can
\ a CO the tinh tdi mpt tam nhin xa ban, mang
tinh chien luge, vi lgi ich lau dai cua ca Viet
Nam va cac nudc chau Phi Neu nhu trong the
ky XX xuat phat tir nguyen vgng dau tranh
gianh dpc lap dan tpc, Viet Nam va cac nudc
chau Phi da xay dung dugc moi quan he hiiu
nghi truyen thong tot dep, thi trong nira dau
eua the ky XXI, can phat huy va nang cap moi
quan he dd len mpt tiim cao mdi, bien tinh hiru
nghi, doan ket truyen thdng thanh sire manh,
quyet tiim de tang cimg cac hoat dgng hgp tac
thiet thyc va hieu qua, hudng tdi sy hgp tdc
todn dien vd doi tdc chien lirffc, md khau dot
pha tir cac doi tac, cac linh vyc va phuang
thirc trpng diem, tien tdi md rdng quan he vdi
tat ca cac nudc chau Phi Viet Nam cimg cac
nudc chau Phi hpp tac, ho trg nhau, cimg nhau
xiiy dyng dat nudc hoa binh, huu nghi, thinh
vugng, phdn vinh, co ddi song am no banh
phuc Tren co sd ciia tam nhin nay, xay dung
cac chien luge va budc di thich hgp de da tien
trinh hgp tac len cac nac thang cao ban, thiet thyc va hieu qua han
3 Chien Iwqyc hcyp tac, doi tac toan dien, thiet thyc, hieu qua Viet Nam • chau Phi giai doan 2011 • 2020
Xuat phat tir tam nhin ro rang va trien vpng sang sua tren day, cd the xay dyng de thyc thi mdt chien luge hgp tac, ddi tac toan dien, thiet thyc va hieu qua vdi cac nudc chau Phi trong giai doan tii' nam 2011 den 2020 Trong chien luge niiy can xac dinh rd cac muc tieu, doi tac, nhiing linh vyc, chinh sach, giai phap hpp tac mang lai hieu qua thiet thyc, vdi sy tham gia tich cue cua cac ngiinh, cac cap chinh quyen
va ciic doanh nghiep • : •• \-,\\
tl- Muc tieu cff bdn cua chien luge ndy Id
nhdm phdt huy han nica cdc quan he hgp tdc truyen thong tot dep vd cdc tiem ndng to ldn sdn CO cua Viet Nam vd cdc nudc chdu Phi tdng cudng cdc giai phdp hgp tdc lien ket thiet thuc hieu qua gop phdn thuc hien thdnh cong muc tieu tdng tncdng kinh te nhanh vd ben vicng day mgnh tien trinh cong nghiep hoa hien dgi hod a moi quoc gia Chien lupe
nay viia nham giai quyet cac van de thyc te trudc miit dang dat ra vira dam bao thyc hien cac myc tieu lau dai, cd Id trinh budc di chinh sach, bien phap va cac phuong tien cy the de thyc thi cac muc tieu da dinh
b- Ve doi tdc, cimg vdi viec md rgng quan
he theo tinh thdn lam bgn vdi tdt cd cdc mxac, cdn CO su tap trung cao vdo nhitng doi tdc trgng yeu nhdt co quan he hgp tdc tot, mang lgi hieu qud cao vd thiet thuc Trong so nhirng
nudc ta da cd quan he kha nhu neu tren, can lya chpn nhiing ddi tac quan trpng nhat nhu Nam Phi va Ai Cap de xay dyng thanh cac doi tac chien luge Day khdng chi la nhung nuac
cd quan he truyen thdng tdt dep vdi Viet Nam
40 Tgp chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUING BOING s6 09 (49) thang 9/2009
Trang 3Quan he hdp tac Viet Nam-chau Phi Do Dire Dinh
trong cudc dau tranh giai phdng dan tdc trudc
kia, ma con la nhirng doi tac quan trpng trong
xay dyng, phat trien kinh te - xa hdi va bao ve
dat nudc hien nay, la nhung thi trudng trpng
digm, cd tam quan trpng va vi tri chien luge
trong cac viing tieu khu vyc va la cira ngo vao
chau Phi, dau mdi ciia cac quan he kinh te -
th-uong mai giira chau Phi vdi cac trung tam
thu-ang mai ldn tren the gidi, la nhiing ddi tugng
dugc hudng uu dai thue quan khi xuat khau
hang hoa vao My va EU Day la nhirng doi tac
cin dugc uu tien thuc day md rgng quan he
hap tac trong giai doan dau, md dudng cho
viec tiep can vao cac qudc gia khac trong cac
giai doan tiep theo Viec phat trien quan he
hop tac vdi cac ddi tac trgng diem nay la can
thilt khong chi nham phat trien quan he ciia
Viet Nam vdi tirng nudc do, ma con giiip Viet
Nam CO thg tham nhap sau vao trong tirng tieu
khu vuc va toan lyc dia chau Phi, tan dyng
m6i quan he ciia cac nudc nay de md rgng
xuat khau sang cac thi trudng thir ba nhu My
vaEU
c- vi chinh sdch, gidi phdp, cdn thuc hien
ba logi cong cu vd gidi phdp chinh: Thic nhdt
la cdc cong cu mang tinh thiic ddy, kich thich
kinh ti nhu thue, ldi tiec tin dimg, ty gid hoi
dodi vd khd ndng tiep can nguon von: Thic hai
la nhung bien phdp ho trg hgp tdc vd khdc
phuc riii ro dugc thuc hien thong qua Quy hgp
tdc phdt triin vdi chdu Phi: Thic ba la cdn xdy
dung mgt so ca sd Idm dn lau ddi nhu xdy
dung cdc ldng hay pho Viet Nam chdng hgn
tgi mot so nudc chdu Phi
Doi vdi loai thii nhat, can ap dung nhirng
bien phap uu dai d mirc cao nhat, tuong ty nhu
cac chinh sach, bien phap ap dyng doi vdi cac
hoat dpng kinh doanh tai cac vimg sau, vimg
xa ciia Viet Nam Vi dy, ap dyng che do mien
hoan toan hoac mot phan thue thu nhap doanh nghiep va thue thu nhap ca nhan doi vdi cac doanh nghiep co quan trudng hpc vii ca nhiin trong giai doan dau hgp tac kinh doanh tai chau Phi, chang han mien hoan toim trong 10 nam dau de khuyen khich cac doanli nghiep \ ii
ca nhan tang nhanh ciic boat dpng kinh doanh, hgp tac tai khu vyc nay; den 10 nam tiep theo,
CO the tinh thue, nhung d mirc thap bang 50% mirc thue ciia cac doanh nghiep, ca nhan kinh doanh va cdng tac tai cac khu vyc khac tren the gidi; sau 20 nam se tinh theo cac mirc thue thong thudng; md rdng co che hoan thue, ke
ca nhilng khoan thue ma doanh nghiep san xuat xuat khau gian tiep ciing dupe hoan va mien thue tieu thy trong nudc doi vdi nhiing doanh nghiep co quan he kinh doanh vdi chau Phi; cung cap tin dung uu dai cho cac doanh nghiep, co quan va ca nhiin cd boat dpng kinh doanh, cong tac tai chau Phi, dac biet la nhilng bien phap nhu trg cap lai suat, an ng, dan ng, tham chi ca xoa ng khi hoat dpng kinh doanh, hgp tac mang lai lgi ich dac biet nhu lgi ich qudc gia, hay gap phai riii ro ldn dan den thua
Id hoan toan; tao dieu kien thuan lgi, ke ca bao lanh, de doanh nghiep, co quan, ca nhan tiep can von vay bang ngoai te khi phat trien cac hoat ddng kinh doanh va hgp tac vdi cac doi tac chau Phi nham giup hp khac phuc nhilng ban che, khd khan ve von khi boat dpng kinh doanh, hgp tae, cdng tac tai khu vyc niiy Doi vdi loai cdng cy thir hai, can lap ra Quy hgp tac phat trien vdi chau Phi va mpt Uy ban di8u phdi cac boat dpng hgp tac vdi cac nudc chau Phi Uy ban dieu phdi can c6 day dii chirc nang thiim quyen, cd kha nang lien ket, phoi hgp - cac cSp cac nganh vdi doanh nghiep, tao nen mpt he thSng boat dpng thong nhat trong hgp tac, kinh doanh vdi chau Phi Quy hgp tac vdi cac nudc chau Phi dugc lap ra de hu\' ddng
Tap chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUING BOING so 09 (49) thang 9/2009 •4r
Trang 4Do Du'c Dinh Quan he hdp tac Viet Nam-chau Phi
cac nguon lyc khac nhau d trong va ngoai
nu-dc nham ho trg cho cac sang kien va nd lyc
hgp tiic, kinh doanh, ddng thdi giup cac co
quan, doanh nghiep, ca nhan khac phuc nhirng
rui ro, bat trac cd the xay ra Thyc te cho thay
den na} khdng it eac doanh nghiep co quan va
ca nhan khong hiing hai hoac khong muon mao
hiem khi boat dpng kinh doanh, hgp tac vdi
cac doi tac chau Phi, vi khd khan, rui ro nhieu
ma mirc trg giiip ciia chinh phii neu cd thi
khdng dugc bao nhieu so vdi nhiing riii ro
thiet hai ma hp phai ganh chiu tham chi nhieu
khi hoan toan khdng cd sy ho trg nao Vi the
viec lap ra Quy hgp tac phat trien vdi chau Phi
la rat can thiet, la each tot nhat de hd trg cho
cac doanh nghiep, co quan va ca nhan nd lyc
phat trien quan he hgp tac vdi cac ndc chau
Phi, giup dd hg, ddng vien hp nd lyc vugt qua
khd khan, khac phuc riii ro day manh cac boat
dgng kinh doanh hgp tac vdi cac ndc chau
Phi Tat nhien, Quy nay can phai tuan thii theo
nhirng cam ket va thdng le qudc te ma ta da ky
ket, thda thuan, khdng lam trai vdi nhilng cam
ket va thong le qudc te nhu cam kk vdi WTO
hay ASEAN chang ban Muc ho trg cdn dugc
nang len mirc cao ban so vdi cac hoat dpng
kinh doanh, hgp tac tai cac khu vyc khac it
khd khan hon chau Phi, tham chi cd thS nang
len mirc cao nliat, nhu ho trg 100% kinh phi
trong chuang trinh xiic tien thuong mai trpng
diem quoc gia, thay vi ho trg 50% nhu hien
nay nham giup cac doanh nghiep cd kinh phi
tham gia hpi chg, quang ba san pham xuk
khiiu, khao sat thi trudng, thanh lap chi nhanh,
van phong dai dien di d§y manh boat dpng
tiep thi, xiic tien thuang mai, md rpng thi
trudng Cac linh vyc hd trg cd thg bao gdm
sy ho trg cho viec nghien ciai, khao sat thi
truong, cung cdp thdng tin, thue tu v4n, tim
kiem thi trudng thiet kg mau ma san phSm,
marketing, dao tao ngudn nhan lyc, hd trg la: suat vdn vay, hd trg cho viec su dung nhigi nguyen lieu dau vao a trong ndc va o cac nudc chau Phi, hd trg cho viec san xuat va xuat khiu cac mat hang cd gia tri gia tang cao, ho trg cho viec khac phyc nhiing riii ro trong kinh doanh rui ro do thien tai, thdi tigt, benh tat, chign tranh, xung dot gay ra Nhung hd trg nay vira nham nang cao hieu qua cac boat dpng kinh doanh, hgp tac, vira dam bao sy phat trign lau ben Thu tyc hd trg phai don gian de thirc hien, khdng gay phign ha, cham tre doi voi doanh nghiep
Loai giai phap thir ba la can xay dung mot
sd lang hay phd Viet Nam tai chau Phi, cij ngudi sang lam an sinh sdng lau dai d chau Phi, tranh tinh trang an sdi, ngan ban nhir trudc day cir chuygn gia sang bgn do chi lam theo thdi ban hgp ddng, het hgp dong la trd v^ Viet Nam ngay Thyc tg da cd mpt so ngucd Viet Nam sau khi bet hgp ddng d lai chau Phi
va tim dugc each lam an, sinh song kha tot dign hinh la d Angola va mdt vai nudc chau Phi khac Day la mdt viec lam ty phat, mang tinh ca nhan, khdng cd phap luat bao ve Nay chinh phil can vao cudc, cd kg hoach, quy hoach va ky kgt cac hiep dinh vdi chinh phu cac nudc chau Phi sd tai dg dua hinh thirc nay trd thanh mgt giai phap lau dai, ben vimg, co phap luat hd trg, bao ve Khi cin thigt co the lap cac cdng ty de huy ddng cac thanh phan nay vao liim an, hgp tac, lign kgt kinh doanh dya trgn co sd phap ly rd rang, kinh doanh theo luat va dugc luat phap bao ve, kg ca luat phap ciia nudc ta va nudc sd tai
d- Ve linh vuc, ngdnh vd tlotmh nghiep cdn thuc hien ket hgp viec ma rgng, da dang hoa cdc linh viec de tdng ciedng khai thdc cdc tiem ndng sdn co cua Viet Nam ciing nhit cdc nudc chdu Phi, di doi vdi viec tap trung m
^ 2 Tgp chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUING BOING so 09 (49) thang 9/2009
Trang 5Quan he hdp tac Viet Nam-chau Phi Do Diic Dinh
lien phdt trien cdc ITnh vice, ngdnh nghe trgng
diem da chieng minh dugc tinh thiet ihuc vd
hieu qua trong qud trinh hgp tdc vita qua
Theo tinh than dd, chiing ta khdng ehi dirng lai
d ba ITnh vyc mang tinh try cdt nhu da dugc
ngu trong chinh sach ngoai giao bao gdm
chinh tri, kinh te va van hda, ma cdn can md
rpng sang cac linh vyc hgp tac khac nhu an
ninh, qu6c phdng va chdng khiing bd Hon
n&a, cac ITnh vyc ldn, co ban mang tinh bao
quat tren day ciing can dugc cu thg hda thanh
nhilng linh vyc sat vdi thyc tg, co tinh kha thi
cao va cd quan he mat thigt vdi lgi ich thigt
thyc cua nudc ta va cac nudc chau Phi nhu
th-uong mai, diu tu, thu hiit va sir dyng nguon
v6n ho trg phat trien chinh thirc (ODA), phat
trien nong nghiep, bao dam an ninh luong
thyc, nudi trong, chg bign va xuat khau thuy
hai san, trong rirng, quan ly, khai thac va dig
bign tai nguygn, khoang san, xuat khau lao
dpng, chuyen gia, du lich, xay dyng eo sd ha
ting, khai thac dau khi, det may, thyc hien cac
muc tieu thign nien ky, hop tac khoa hpc-cdng
nghe, phat trien giao diic, xoa ddi giam ngheo
hgp tac vg y tg, phdng chdng dich benh nhat
la cac benh nguy higm nhu AIDs/HIV, sot ret,
ru6i vang, cac boat dpng lign quan den viec
bao ve an ninh qudc gia, chdng khiing bo
Tuy day la nhirng nganh chuyen mdn sau doi
hoi phai co cac chuygn gia trong nganh mdi co
thg thyc hien tdt duge, nhung khong vi thg ma
khong can co sy phdi hgp giira cac nganh khac
nhau, nhit la giila cac nganh chuygn mdn vdi
nganh ngoai giao la nganh cd vai trd to ldn
trong viec md dudng, thiic day, tao dieu kien
thuan lgi cho cac boat dpng chuygn mdn dugc
trien khai va thyc hien mang lai hieu qua cao
Doi vdi cac ITnh vyc hay nganh trgng digm,
ben canh nhirng chinh sach, bien phap chung,
con CO nhung giai phap rieng phii hgp vdi tiing
nganh, tirng ITnh virc cu thg Dudi day la
nhilng bien phap cu thg cho cac ngiinh ha_\ ITnh vyc trgng diem bao gdm chinh tri - ngoai giao kinh tg thuong mai dau tu lao dpng -chuyen gia chia se kinh nghiem cai each, cdng nghiep hoa phat trign ndng nghiep nong thon
va nhirng giai phap nham nang cao nang lire, hieu qua boat dpng cua doanh nghiep
dl- Chinh tri - ngogi giao la ITnh \ yc hav
nganh trpng digm diiu tien ciin dupe uu tien day manh vi no ddng vai tro tien phong mo dudng cho su phat trien ciia cac ngimh hay ITnh vuc khac Trong ITnh vyc nay trudc het can tang nhanh sd lugng va chiit lugng cac ca quan ngoai giao va dai dien cua ta tai cac nudc chau Phi, tir nay dgn nam 2020 can tang giip doi hoac hon nira so lugng cac co quan ngoai giao, thuong vu, van hda bao chi cimg co va
md rdng cac co quan da cd tang them cac co quan mdi ddng thdi nang cao chiu lugng dpi ngu can bp, khac phuc tinh trang hien nay so
CO quan ngoai giao vii dai dien cua ta o chiiu Phi khdng nhirng it ve sd lugng, mil con kiem nhiem nhigu, co nhigu han che ve chat lugng boat ddng chuygn mdn, nghiep vu vii ngoai ngu Mat khac chiing ta cimg can tao dieu kien va khuyen khich cac nudc chiiu Phi mo cac CO quan ngoai giao va ca quan dai dien tai Viet Nam Dg lam dugc viec nii\ chiing ta ciin
CO nhiing bien phap khuyen khich cu the va thiet thyc, kg ca viec xem xet lai Luat Diit dai lien quan den viec mua ban so hiru ha>' cho thug dat lam try sd co quan ngoai giao co quan dai dien, thyc thi cac quygn, nghTa vu va cae thdng le ngoai giao ma hiiu hgi cac ninVc tren thg gidi dgu, da va dang ap dung, irimh tinh trang qua khac biet, khong phii hgp vdi nhirng thong le quoc te, ga> kho khan khdng ehi cho phia ddi tac, ma cdn ban che nga> ca npi dung boat dpng vii lgi ich cua phia Viin Nam Cac hinh thirc va ITnh virc hoai dong
Tgp chi nghien citu Cli.AU PHI & TRUING BOING so 09 (49) thang 9/2009 °43
Trang 6Do Du'c Dinh Quan he hdp tac Viet Nam-chau Phi
ngoai giao ciing cin dugc da dang hda, kgt hgp
ngoai giao chinh thong, song phuang cap nha
nudc vdi ngoai giao da phuang phi chinh
th6ng thong qua cac td chirc dan sy phi chinh
phu va ngoai giao nhan dan tang cucmg hgp
tac Nam - Nam di doi vdi mo rdng hgp tac
Bic - Nam Mdt viec lam can thigt nira la Bd
Ngoai giao ciing cac bd nganh khac ra soat
danh gia lai viec thyc hien cac hiep dinh thoa
thuan da ky trudc day, ky lai cac hiep dinh
khong con thich hgp va ky mdi cac hiep dinh
khac nham tao khung khd phap ly cho viec
tang cucmg, md rdng quan he hgp tac giira
Viet Nam vdi cac nudc chau Phi theo hudng
thigt thyc hieu qua cimg cd lgi
r/2- Kinh te - thirang mgi - ddu tir la ITnh
virc dong vai trd cdt yeu trong viec xac dinh
mirc dp thigt thyc va hieu qua ciia cac quan he
hgp tac, do do ciing can duge uu tign cao Can
dua chiiu Phi tro thanh mpt ddi tac kinh tg ldn,
mpt thi trucmg ldn cua Viet Nam Cy thg, can
CO bien phap tdt de day nhanh tdc dp tang
truong thuong mai Ign khoang 30%i/nam, dgn
nam 2020 nang kim ngach thuang mai hai
chigu Viet Nam - chau Phi len 20 ty USD
Thyc tg, chiing ta da timg dat muc tigu tang
xuat khau Ign 1 ty USD vao nam 2006, trudc 4
niiin so vdi thdi ban dg ra la nam 2010 Hien
nay chiing ta dang cd gang dg nang muc tieu
trao doi thuong mai giira Viet Nam va chau
Phi nam 2009 Ign 2,5 ty USD, trong do xuit
khau la 1,6 ty USD Trong bdi canh kinh tg thg
gidi khung hoang tac dpng tieu cyc tdi ca Viet
Nam va cac nudc chau Phi, viec thyc hien myc
tigu nay la rat khd, nhung vdi kirih nghiem
thyc tg may thap ky qua va vdi toe dp tang
truang thuong mai Viet Nam - chau Phi tiep
tuc nhanh nhu hien nay, muc tieu nay van cd
the thyc hien dugc De dat myc tigu dd, chung
ta can ap dyng ddng loat nhilng chinh sach
bien phap uu tign, khuygn khich cao ve thue, tin dyng ddi vdi cac boat dpng hgp tac, kinh doanh tai cac nudc chau Phi, ddng thdi can tang cudng sd luang va chat lugng cac co quan thuang vy tai cac nudc chau Phi, lap cac trung tam gidi thieu san pham, kho ngoai quan, tao lap cac mdi quan he vdi mpt so nha phan phoi quan trpng d cac dia ban trpng digm nhu Dubai, Nam Phi, Caird , tang cudng ky kgt cac hiep dinh, bign ban ghi nhd hoac hgp ddng thuang mai cap chinh phu nganh, dia phuang, co quan va doanh nghiep theo tinh than cua cac hiep djnh thuong mai ty do, tao digu kien thuan lgi nhat cho doanh nghiep hai phia phat trign manh
me cac quan he hgp tac, da dang boa co cau hang hda, kgt hgp viec day manh xuat khau cac mat hang truyen thdng, san cd \di viec xay dung va phat trien cae loai hang boa mdi phil hgp vdi thi trudng chau Phi dg tham nhap thi trudng tdt ban, da dang hda cac hinh thirc quan he ngoai thuang bat dau tir cac quan he gian tigp thdng qua trung gian chung chuyen, nang dan Ign cac quan he giao dich trye riep,
md rdng quan he tir chau Phi sang cac doi tac ldn nhu My, EU, va trong trudng hgp co the thi thuc hien hinh thirc hang ddi hang, nang cao hieu qua boat dpng xiic tien thuang mai vao thi trudng chau Phi
- Khuyen khich vd ho trff cho cdc hogt dong dau tu ra nirdc ngoiii, trong do co chau Phi Day la mdt hinh thirc kinh doanh nham
tranh thii nhirng digu kien thuan lgi ve dau tu ciia nudc sd tai, tan dyng ngudn nguygn lieu dau vao tai chd va tai xuat hang hoa vg nudc
hg hoac sang nudc thir ba, khic phuc nhiing ban chg vg sy xa each dia ly, co sd ha tang van tai ygu kem, gdp phan thyc hien tdt hon chien luge xuat nhap khau Tuy van la mpt nudc kem phat trign, nhung Viet Nam da budc diu
Tgp chi nghien cdru CHAU PHI & TRUING B 6 \ ' G SO 09 (49) thang 9/2009
Trang 7Quan he hdp tac Viet Nam-chau Phi Do Dufc D i n h
CO mpt sd hoat ddng dau tu ra nudc ngoai, kg
ca dau tu vao chau Phi Cac ITnh vyc ma Viet
Nam da dau tu ra nudc ngoai bao gdm dau tu
khai thac dau khi, chg bign nong - lam - thuy
san, chg tao cdng cy, san xuat giay dep, hang
may mac, do gd, vat lieu xay dung Mdt sd it
du an dau tu co gia tri vai tram trieu USD, con
lai hau hgt la cae dy an dau tu quy md nhd do
cac doanh nghiep nhd va vira thyc hien Mae
dil la ITnh vuc mdi dugc phat trien vdi quy md
nho, nhung la mdt ITnh vyc cd nhieu trien vgng
va CO kha nang se phat trign manh cimg vdi da
phat trign di len ciia ngn kinh tg De tao dieu
kien thuan lgi cho cac boat ddng dau tu ra
nudc ngoai, trong dd co dau tu vao chau Phi
tiep tuc phat trien vdi quy md va toe dp ngay
cang cao hon, can sdm bd sung vao he thdng
luat dau tu hien hanh cua Viet Nam nhimg
dieu khoan lign quan dgn hoat ddng dau tu ra
nudc ngoai, trong dd co sy iru tien cao cho cac
hoat dpng dau tu vao chau Phi, mpt khu vyc
kinh te kem phat trign, cd nhigu riii ro Day la
dieu kien tign quygt md dudng cho viec day
manh cac boat ddng dau tu ciia Viet Nam vao
cac nudc chau Phi Hien nay Viet Nam da co
mpt he thdng luat phap vg dau tu dang dugc ap
dung trong thyc te, nhung chii yeu mdi tap
trung vao cac boat ddng dau tu d trong nudc,
dac biet la viec thu hut cac ngudn vdn dau tu
tir nudc ngoai vao Viet Nam, rat it chii y tdi
cac hoat ddng dau tu ra nudc ngoai, vi thg cac
cong ty dau tu ra nudc ngoai cdn gap rat nhieu
kho khan, trd ngai khi vap phai nhilng van de
ve luat phap Nham tao khung khd va hanh
lang phap ly cho cac doanh nghiep Viet Nam
dau tu ra nudc ngoai ndi chung, vao chau Phi
noi rigng, cin bo sung, xay dyng va hoan thien
cac quy dinh ciia luat phap vg dau tu ra nudc
ngoai, ddng thdi khan truong dam phan, ky kgt
cac hiep djnh bao hd diu tu va hiep dinh tranh
danh thug hai lan vdi cac nudc chau Phi Dav
la bien phap rat quan trgng vira dg xa> dyng co
so phap ly tao dieu kien thuan lgi vira nhim bao ve quygn lgi chinh dang cua cac nha diu
tu Viet Nam tai cac nudc chiiu Phi tang cuong
td chirc cac boat ddng xiic tign dau tu vdi cac nudc khu vyc chau Phi thong qua cac boat ddng trao ddi tigp xiic ciia cac doanh nghiep hai bgn, mo cac dign dan, hpi thao hpi nghi vg dau tu cap nhat thdng rin dau tu dac biet can phai CO nhung chinh sach bien phap uu dai nhu mien thug doanh nghiep va thug thu nhap
ca nhan, trg cap lai suat vdn vay, co chinh sach ngoai hdi bao dam thuan lgi trong viec chuyen tign sang nudc dau tu va chuyen tien vg nudc
hd trg tham do khao sat thi trudng, dia diem dau tu, tim nguon cung cap nguyen lieu dau vao dn dinh, hd trg tao dieu kien thuan lgi giiip doanh nghiep ha gia thanh san pham nang cao niing lyc canh tranh
f/J- Hffp tac ve lao dong, chuyen gia, giiio due, ddo tgo, vdn hod, khoa hpc - cong nghe,
du lich, the thao ciing la nhirng ITnh vuc dugc
quan tam thiic day vii da cd sy phat trien tuong doi kha tir thap nign 1980 den nay nhat la sy hgp tac ve lao dpng va chuygn gia trong cac nganh y te giao dye nong nghiep Doi vdi hau hgt cac nudc chau Phi day la nhilng nganh hp thigu nguon nhan lyc dugc dao tao do do hp can mpt so lugng ldn dpi ngu chuyen gia va ky thuat vign Ddi vdi Viet Nam day la nhirng ITnh vyc ta cd kha nang cung cap nen can tiep tuc uu tien phat trign de tao chat xiic tac thiic day hgp tac tren cac ITnh vyc khac Tuy nhien
do sy canh tranh thi trudng rat ldn, nhat la khi lyc lugng lao dpng tu cac nudc Nam A, Philippines cd nhigu lgi thg hon ta vg siic khoe, ngoai ngir, ta ciin nang cao siic canh tranh va hieu qua kinh tg - xa hdi ciia lao dpng
va chuygn gia Viet Nam Dg dat muc tigu do
Tgp chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUING BOING so 09 (49) thang 9/2009
Trang 8Do Du'c Dinh Quan he hdp tac Viet Nam-chau Phi
chiing ta can thyc hien nhiing chinh sach, bien
phap nhu tao hanh lang phap ly thuan lgi dg
khuyen khich hgp tac lao dpng, chuyen gia vdi
cac nudc chau Phi, trao quyen ty chu cho cac
cdng ty, don vi va ca nhan ky ket hgp ddng
hgp tac, lam viec vdi ddi tac dg ra soat, digu
chinh cac thoa thuan lign chinh phii vg cac
chinh sach, chg do ddi vdi lao ddng, chuyen
gia; tuyen chpn va dao tao dpi ngii lao ddng cd
sire khoe tdt, tay nghg cao, ngoai ngil gidi,
higu bigt vg van hoa, phong tyc nudc sd tai, cd
ky luat lao ddng va y thirc tdn trpng phap luat
de thyc hien tdt cac cong viec ma phia ddi tac
can; nang cao nang lyc cac co quan quan ly lao
ddng, dam phan ve dieu kien lao ddng, an d,
tien luong, tign cdng sao cho vira phii hgp vdi
digu kien cac nudc chau Phi vira phii hgp vdi
muc ciia lao ddng, chuygn gia Viet Nam, chu
trpng viec giai quygt cac che dp chinh sach
cho lao ddng, chuygn gia sau khi vg nudc nhu
dam bao cac chg dp bao hiem xa hdi, bien chg
dg anh chi em yen tam khi sang chau Phi lam
viec; da dang hda cac loai hinh hgp tac lao
ddng, chuygn gia, mgt mat tiep tyc day manh
cac loai hinh da dugc thyc hien mang lai hieu
qua tot nhu dua cong nhan xay dyng Viet Nam
sang nhan thau xay dyng cdng trinh hoac cung
cap lao ddng nganh thu cdng my nghe, lip rap
dien tir, nau an cho cac doanh nghiep tai mdt
sd nudc chau Phi; cung cap lao ddng xay dyng
cho cac doanh nghiep ciia nudc thir ba nhan
thau tai cac nudc chau Phi; thyc hien md hinh
2+1" dua chuygn gia Viet Nam sang lam
viec tai mpt so nudc chau Phi theo Thoa thuan
3 bgn dugc ky giita Viet Nam vdi mdt td chiic
quoc tg nhu Td chiic Ndng luong thg gidi
(FAO) va mpt so nudc chau Phi, dong thdi tim
kigm cac loai hinh lao ddng mdi, thich hgp va
hieu qua; kgt hgp giao luu van hoa, thg thao
vdi hgp tac du lich, coi day la mgt trong nhimg
ITnh vyc quan trgng can khai thac, tang cucmg
cac boat ddng cy the, thigt thyc nhu trao ddi an pham, phim anh, trao ddi cac doan nghe thuat thg thao, du lich nham tang cucmg su higu biet lan nhau giiiia nhan dan Viet Nam va nhan dan khu vyc chau Phi; day manh hgp tac trong ITnh vyc giao due, khoa hge - cdng nghe dg tranh thii, phat huy thg manh cua cac bgn, nhat
la nhilng ddi tac trpng diem, cd nang lyc kha nhu Nam Phi, Ai Cap, va trong nhiing nganh
ma cac bgn cd Igi the nhu ky thuat cao vg nang lugng, cdng nghe che tao dau lira tir than da, cdng nghiep d td, kinh nghiem phat trign trong rirng d Nam Phi
d4- Ddy mgnh hap tdc chia se kinh nghiem cdi ctich kinh te - xd hgi, phat trien nong nghiep, nong thon, cong nghiep hod, xod ddi giam ngheo, phdt trien y te, cham sde sii-c khoe, phdng chong benh tat, phdt triin nguon nhdn lire, biio ve moi truang, phong chong vd giam nhe thien tai, khai thdc cd hieu qud ciic nguon tdi nguyen thien nhien la
nhilng ITnh vyc dang dugc tat ca cac nudc rat quan tam, nhat la tir khi cdng cupc doi mdi,
md cira, hdi nhap qudc tg cua Viet Nam dat mdt sd thanh cdng dugc cdng dong quoc te, dac biet la cac nudc chau Phi thira nhan va coi trpng Trong nhirng nam gan day, sy hgp tac giila Viet Nam va cac nudc chau Phi nham trao ddi, chia se cac kinh nghiem vg cai each,
md cira, cdng nghiep boa, phat trien nong nghiep, nong thdn, tang trudng kinh tg gan vdi viec nang cao phiic lgi xa hdi, xoa doi, giam ngheo ngay cang dugc tang cudng thdng qua cac cudc hpi nghi, hdi thao, cac cupc tham vieng tim hieu kinh nghiem ciia nhau, ciing nhu qua mdt sd dy an cu thg budc diu mang lai hieu qua tdt Nhilng thanh cdng ciia Viet Nam trong hon hai thap ky ddi mdi kinh tg
-xa hdi vira qua da dugc nhigu nudc chau Phi coi la nhilng kinh nghiem quy cin tham khao
Tgp chi nghien cuu CHAU PHI & TRUING BOING so 09 (49) thang 9/2009
Trang 9Quan he hdp tac Viet Nam-chau Phi D o Diic Dinh
hoc tap, chia se, vi thg ngay cang co nhigu
nudc chau Phi cir cac nha quan ly hoach dinh
chinh sach chuygn gia doanh nhan sang Viet
Nam nghign cim tham khao Thdng qua cac
chuygn tham ciia cac nha lanh dao, kinh
doanh, cac chuyen gia, ciing nhu qua cac cupc
hpi nghi, hpi thao vg quan he hgp tac Viet
Nam - chau Phi, cac nude chau Phi va Viet
Nam ngay cang chia se vdi nhau cac kinh
nghiem cai each, cdng nghiep hoa va hdi nhap
quoc te Vg phan minh, Viet Nam dii cd sy
giup dd nhat dinh ddi vdi mdt sd nudc chau
Phi trong cac ITnh vuc nhu phat trien co so ha
tang, san xuat vat lieu xay dyng, chuygn giao
cong nghe, phat trign du lich, phat trign cong
nghiep, phat trien chan nudi, nang cao chat
luang cac dan gia sue, dg, ciru, lac da day
manh cac quan he thuang mai, dau tu, van
hoa, khoa hpc - cong nghe, dong thdi ngay
cang day manh cac boat dpng hgp tac, trao doi,
chia se kinh nghiem va giiip dd cac nudc chau
Phi phat trign kinh tg-xa hdi, xoa doi giam
ngheo, phong chdng dich benh vii nhigu ITnh
vuc khac nham tao nen tang cho sy phat
trien ben virng d mdi qudc gia
rfj- Doi v&i cdc tloanh nghiep, can xdy
tlimg chien lieffc, lg trinh, lira chgn phirang
thitc kinh doanh phit hffp, kien tri phan dau
v0 qua kho khdn, thdch thirc de ndng cao
ndng lire cgnh tranh vd hieu qud kinh doanh
Cu the, can tim higu nam bat cac thg chg, quy
djnh luat phap ciia nudc sd tai ddi vdi boat
dpng san xuat kinh doanh ciia doanh nghiep
nudc ngoai, thyc trang phat trign kinh tg - xa
hpi ciing nhu co sd ha tang, tinh hinh san xuat,
tieu diing ciia cac nudc chau Phi, tranh thii sy
dong tinh, iing hd ciia cac ngimh hiru quan, cac
ca quan tu van, chinh quyen cac cap, ea ciia
phia Viet Nam va cac nudc chau Phi, vi day la
nhirng co sd dong vai trd quan trgng doi vdi
cac boat dpng kinh doanh cua doanh nghiep: tang cudng cac cupc tiep xiic, trao doi trye tigp
va gian tigp vdi ban hang chau Phi de tim higu nhu cau, thdi quen tap quiin tigu dimg cua thi trucmg mdi nudc thigt lap cac moi quan he lin cay, tim giai phap dg khac phuc nhung kho khan, vudng mac dac biet la nhirng kho khan
ve ky kgt hop dong von kinh doanh phuang tien thanh toan, nhirng tieu cyc riii ro phat sinh trong qua trinh kinh doanh : no lire khai thac thi truong, tich cyc nghien ciru khao sat, tim kiem thong tin, doi tac phat trien hang boa dap irng thi hieu khaeh hang, da dang boa cac hinh thirc kinh doanh tii' gian tigp den true tiep, khi dieu kien cho phep thi thirc hien hinh thirc hang doi hiing nid van phong dai dien
md kho ngoai quan hoac showroom tai cac thi trudng trpng digm, phoi hgp chat die vdi cac
CO quan thuong vu dai sir quan dai dien cua Viet Nam tai cac nudc diiy manh ciic hoat dpng quang ba gidi thieu san pham thong qua cac cudc trign liim quoc te khu virc cac trang web dien tu hgp tiic vdi bii con Viet kieu vii doanh nhiin nudc sd tai nhu o Angola Nam Phi tao digu kien thuan lgi cho himg hoa Viet Nam tham nhap viio thi trudng cac nirdc chiiu Phi; cudi ciing cac doanh nghiep ciin kien tri
va CO tam nhin lau dai khi kinh doanh hgp tac vdi cac ddi tac chiiu Phi
Cuoi cimg tir nhirng kgt qua nghign ciru trgn day chiing ta co thg nhan biet ro miit manh va mat yeu cua Viet Nam irong tien trinh phat trign quan he hgp tac vdi cac nudc chau Phi Mat manh ro rang lii tinh hiru nghi truyen thdng tot dep, nguygn vpng hgp tiic ngay cimg tang va tigni nang lo ldn cua ca hai bgn Chinh dira trgn nhirng diem manh do ma ciing vdi xu thg loan cau boa ty do hoa hpi nhap qudc te va khu vyc, quan he hgp tac Viin Nam - chiiu Phi ngiiy ciing phiit trien ihco
Tap chi nghien cuu CHAU PHI & TRUING BOING so 09 (49) thang 9/2009 47
Trang 10Do Du'c Dinh Quan he hdp tac Viet Nam-chau Phi
quygt tam cao chua cd nhirng chign luge, chinh sach budc di cy thg mang tinh kha thi cao chua tap hgp, huy ddng dugc nhieu nganh, nhigu cap, nhigu doanh nghiep tham gia, cd khi cdn dya vao bgn thir ba hon la ty minh cd gang Dd chinh la mat yeu ciia chiing
ta trong tign trinh phat trign quan he hgp tac vdi cac nudc chau Phi
Dg phat huy mat manh khac phyc mat ygu sir dyng tdt ban cac tiem nang san cd va nang quan he hgp tac Viet Nam - chau Phi len mpt tam cao mdi, chiing ta can phai cd mpt sy nhan thirc day dii ban vg vai trd va tam quan trpng ciia chau Phi ddi vdi the gidi va vdi Viet Nam,
dg cd quygt tam ldn ban nham day manh va
md rdng cac quan he hgp tac vdi chau Phi, co tam nhin xa hon vdi nhung muc tigu chign luge lau dai, ben vimg, vdi nhilng ITnh vuc, doi tac va each lam ngay cang da dang, toan dien thiet thyc va hieu qua ban Nhimg giai phap ngu tren day da dugc xay dyng dya trgn co sd ciia viec nghign cim ky tign trinh phat trien quan he hgp tac Viet Nam - chau Phi tir dau thg ky XX den nay, ddng thdi xuat phat tir mpt tam nhin rd rang, mgt chign luge cd tinh kha thi cao, do dd viec thyc hien tdt cac giai phap nay chae chan se dua quan he hgp tac Viet Nam - chau Phi Ign mgt tam cao mdi vai nhilng budc tien manh me ban, md ra nhieu kha nang va co hgi mdi, dat nhung kgt qua thigt thyc, ldn va bgn vung ban
Tai lieu tham khao
1 Ban tu tuong van hda Trung uong; Doi ngogi Viet Nam thdi ky doi mdi, Nxb Chinh tri qu6c
gia 2005
2 Bd Thuong mai, 2001, Kyyiu 55 nam thuang mgi Viet Nam (1946-2001)
3 Bp Thuong mai, 2001, Chiin luge phdt triin xudt nhgp khdu thai ky 2001-2010
4 Cuong, Vo Kim, 2004, Viet Nam vd Chdu Phi trong su nghiep ddu tranh gidi phong ddn toe Nxb
Chinh tri quoc gia Ha Npi
hudng ciing cd va phat huy cac quan he truygn
thdng tang cuong cac quan he mdi vdi nhirng
npi dung, each lam mdi phong phu, thigt thyc
va hieu qua ban, ndi bat la quan he hgp tac
tren cac ITnh vyc kinh te, thuang mai, nong
nghiep, y tg, giao due, chuygn gia, lao ddng
Hinh thirc va thanh phan hgp tac ngay cang da
dang, tir hgp tac gian tiep thong qua ddi tac
thir ba chuygn dan sang tiing cudng cac quan
he hgp tac trye tigp song phuong, ba ben, da
phuong vdi sy tham gia ngay cang tang ciia
cac thiinh phan kinh tg - xa hpi thuoc cac bd
nganh, cac cap chinh quyen, cac truong dai
bgc vien nghign cuu cac loai cdng ty nha
nudc, tu nhan, lign doanh, nha thau, cac td
chirc qudc tg, td chirc dan su, phi chinli phu
Nhimg kgt qua va each lam trgn day da budc
dau gdp phan tich cyc vao sy phat trien kinh tg
- xa hdi ciia mdi bgn, md ra nhung kha nang va
CO hpi mdi cho mdi quan he hop tac cung cd
lgi giiia nudc ta va cac nudc chau Phi phat
trign manh me ban trong tuong lai
Tuy nhign cac ket qua dat dugc cho den
nay con rat nhd be, chua tuong ximg vdi
nhimg rigm nang cua mdi bgn Nguyen nhan
ciia sy ban chg nay cd nhigu, nhung quan trgng
nhat la do tir trudc tdi nay ca hai ben deu thyc
hien cac boat ddng hgp tac mdt each thy ddng,
ty phat, manh mim, nhd le, gap chang hay chd,
chua cd sy nhan thirc day du ve vai trd quan
trpng cua chau Phi, vi thg chua cd sy nd lyc
48 Tgp chi nghien ciru CHAU PHI & TRUING BOING so 09 (49) thang 9/2009