Trong le hdi, tai cac ngdi chua d Thdng Long - Ha Ndi, tin ngfldng Phat giad ludn hoa ddng vdi cac hinh thflc tin ngfldng va truyen thd'ng van hoa dan gian nhfl; tin ngfldng thd cung[r]
Trang 130 Nghien cun Ton giao Sd7 - 2008
TON GIAO VA DAN TOG
N ghin nam trfldc, kinh dd nfldc Dai
Viet dat tai Hoa Lfl Nam 1010,
vua Ly Cdng Ualn ddi dd ve Thang Leng,
ndi cd hinh the nhfl "hd phuc rdng chiu"
de lo cho con chau mudn ddi, de "van
nfldc dfldc lau dai, phong tuc dfldc giau
thinh""' Tfl do, Thang Long trd thanh
trung tam chinh tri, kinh te, van hoa cua
mdt qud'c gia dgc lap, tfl chii, hung cfldng
Ddng thdi, Phat giao d Thang Ldng trd
thanh trung tam ciia cdng cuoc hodng
dfldng Phat phap
Trong lich sii dan tdc, vdi tinh than
"Phat phap ba't li the gian phap", nhieu
nhan vat Phat giao da het long, het sflc
giup eac trieu dai phong kien trong cdng
cudc dflng nfldc va gifl nfldc nhfl; Thien sfl
Ngd Chan Lflu (933 - 1011), Thien sU Van
Hanh C - 1018), Thien sfl Thao Dfldng,
Thien sfl Hue Smh (? - 1063), Thien sfl
Mmh Khdng (1066 - 1141), Thien sfl Man
Giac (1052 - 1096), Qud'c sfl Thdng Bien C?
- 1134), Thien sfl Gidi Khdng, Thien sfl
Vien Thdng (1080 - 1151), Ngai Tue
Trung Thfldng si Dac biet, tai Thang
Long cd Thien phai Thao Dfldng truyen
trong gidi vua quan Nho si Cac vi vua
thdi Ly nhfl Thanh Tdng, Anh Tong, Cao
Tdng vfla la Vua vfla la Su, trd thanh Td
cua Thien phai
VAN DirC THU'"'
Vdi phfldng cham "Di thien ha chi due
vi due", "Di chung tam vi ki tam", "Cfl trdn lac dao tha tuy duyen", cac vi vua Trdn Thai Tdng, Trdn Nhan Tdng da lay nguyen vgng, mong mud'n eua thien ha lam nguyen vgng, mong mud'n cua minh, lay cai tam cua mudn loai van phap lam tam eua minh, thay eai tam ca nhan bang eai tam ddng loai Nam Binh Than (1236), Tran Thai Tdng niia dem tfl bd ca ngai vang, vd con, den dai, qudc thd vao nui Yen Tii de eau Phat Sau dd, nghe ldi khuyen cua Quo'c sfl True Lam, Ngai quay ve kinh dd lam vua de dap flng nguyen vgng cua dan chung nhflng van khdng quen tham thien hge dao Khi To qud'c dflng trfldc hoa xam lang, vdi tmh than "cflu khd, cflu nan", cac vua Tran Thai Tdng, Tran Nhan Tdng da "bd cai thien nhd, lay eai thien Idn" lanh dao toan dan 3 Ian danh tan quan Nguyen -Mdng, cflu qud'c gia khdi hoa diet vong Khi xa tdc sdn ha da cd ngfldi ndi nghiep, eac Ngai san sang "tfl bd ngai vang ciia minh nhfl vflt di chiec dep rach"'-' Nam
* ThS., Ban Tdn giao Thanh phd Ha Ndi
1 Ly Cdng Uain Chieu dc'd dd trong: Lich sif Thii do
Hd Ndi Nxb Ha Ndi 2000 tr 698
2 Vu Khieu Triet hoc vd nghe tliudt Viet Nam trong
qiid trinh tiep thu tif tudng Phat gido Tap chi
Nghien ciiu Phat hpc, sd 6/2006, tr 28
Trang 2Van Dure Thu Phdt gido vdi nghin ndm Thang Long - Hd Noi 31
1258, Tran Thai Tdng nhfldng ngdi cho
con de lam Thai Thfldng hoang, vfla cd' vu
cho con vfla nghien cflu dao sau Phat
phap Nam 1299, Tran Nhan Tdng xua't
gia lap nen Thien phai True Lam Yen Tii
trd thanh ddng thien rieng cua Viet Nam
Nhfl vay, dfl bat ke d cfldng vi nad, cac
nha vua va cac thien sfl cflng lay muc
dich phung sfl sdn ha, xa tdc, phuc vu
nhan sinh lam nen tang phfldng phap tu
hanh, hedng dfldng chinh phap Qua dd,
Phat giao Viet Nam da vach ra mdt con
dfldng mdi di den giac ngd, hoan toan
khac vdi Phat giao An Do va Phat giao
Trung Hoa Dd la con dfldng di den giac
ngd thdng qua viec lam cflu dan dd the
bang ngay Tren cen dfldng nay, tam cen
ngfldi ngay cang khai md bad trflm thien
ha, thau hieu mudn loai van phap, cang
dat den Phat tam ,i : , • • ,\
0 day, cd chi tiet tinh te ma chung ta
can phan tich Nhflng van de da trinh
bay d phan tren la tfl tfldng, la hanh ddng
eiia bac giae ngd, cdn dai da sd' Phat tii
binh thUdng ed le ehUa dat den sfl cao
dieu nhfl vay Nhflng trong so' cac bac
giac ngd, hg khdng chi la cao tdng, Phat
tii ma cdn la nha vua, qud'c sU, nhflng dai
tri thflc, cd' va'n eho nha vua, tfldng linh
quan ddi Bdi vay, nhieu khi, hg dan ddt
Phat td theo tfl tfldng cua hg, nhflng tfl
tfldng vfla phu hdp vdi dao vfla phfl hdp
vdi ddi Dd la con dfldng di theo hudng
"Van phap chi tam tUc Phat tam"'''', cflng
chinh la con dfldng di den giai theat Cac
bac dai giac da truyen cho cac de tii cung
nhu cac Phat tii tmh than; danh giac cflu
nfldc, hd qud'c an dan, phuc vu ta't thay
chflng sinh cung la con dfldng thanh
dao'" Hdn nfla, Thang Long "d vao khu
vflc cua trung tam trdi da't", la ndi "dd hgi
trgng yeu de 4 phfldng sum hgp"'^', vdn hoa Thang Long - Ha Ngi; hdi tu va toa sang"" Do dd, Phat giao Thdng Long da dfla Phat giao Viet Nam den dinh cao chii nghia yeu nfldc chan chinh
Mat khac, trong qua trinh truyen ba vao Viet Nam, Phat giao ludn ludn de cao cac tfl tfldng tfl bi, hi xa, la'y chan thien
-mi de giao hda chung sinh Nhflng gia tri td't dep cua giao li Phat giao da tha'm dam trong ddi sd'ng ddng dao nhan dan, gdp phdn bun due nen nhflng gia tri td't dep cua con ngfldi Viet Nam Tfl tfldng Phat giao da ciing cd' hdn nfla truyen thd'ng vi tha, nhan ban, bac ai cua ngfldi Viet Nam
Tren linh vflc van hgc nghe thuat, tfl tfldng yeu nfldc va nhan dae cua Phat giao trd thanh cd sd xuc cam tham mi d
ca ndi dung sang tac lan hinh thflc the hien''" Thien sfl Tfl Dao Hanh da dfla nghe thuat cheo ve kinh dd Thdng Long'*" Thd phu eua cac thien sfl d Thang Long nhfl Vd Ngdn Thdng, Khudng Viet, Thao Dfldng, Van Hanh, Hue Smh, Man Giac, Gidi Khdng, Tran Thai Tdng, Trdn
3 Tue Trung Thupng sL Phdt tdm ca trong; Thfch Thanh Ti:r Thien su Viet Nam Thanh hdi Phat giao
Hd Chi Minh an hanh, 1996, tr 263
4 Xem: Nguy6n Hiing Hau Phdi chdng dd Id nhi'fng
net dpc ddo ciia Phdt gido Viet Nam trong; Thdng tin chuyen de: Nhiing ddc diem ca bdn ciia mot sd tdn gido Idn a Viet Nam Hpc vien Chfnh tri Qudc
gia Hd Chf Minh Ha Ndi 1997, tr.l 11-130
5 Ly Cdng Uan Chieu ddi dd Sdd
6 Xem: TrSn Van Bfnh Vdn hod Thdng Long - Hd
Ndi hdi tu vd tod sdng trong: Ky yen hoi thdo: Bdo tdn di sdn vdn hod Thdng Long - Hd Ndi Ban Chi
dao Qud'c gia ki niem 1000 nam Thang Long - Ha Ndi, Hdi Bao tdn Di san Van hoa Thang Long - Ha Ndi Ha Ndi 2002, tr 234- 240
7 VQ Khieu Triet hoc vd nghe thudt Viet Nam trong
qud trinh tiep thu tu tifdng Phdt gido Bdd tr 27
8 Tran Van Bfnh Vdn hod Thdng Long - Hd Ndi
hdi til vd tod sdng Sdd, tr 235
Trang 332 .M, Nghien curu Ton giao Sd7 - 2008
Nhan Tdng, Tue Trung Thfldng si cd
gia tri to Idn ca ve tfl tfldng, triet li nhan
sinh Idn ve nghe thuat Thd cua cac Ngai
khdng luan ban den nhflng dieu than bi
cao sieu nhflng vdn toat len le huyen vi
cua dao phap ma vdn the hien ve than
thai ung dung tfl tai trong tflng hdi thd,
trong tflng mach thd; ung dung tfl tai
gifla ddi thfldng, ung dung tfl tai phuc vu
nhan smh, ung dung tfl tai dat dao va
giai theat
Phat giao Viet Nam, do g i n bd mat
thiet vdi ddi sd'ng dan tdc, nen da hinh
thanh hdn mot ddng Phat giao dan gian
Cac tin dd chu yeu tu tap theo tieu chi
"Phat tai tam", coi trgng "tu tai gia" ma it
quan tam den sdn mdn, he phai Ngay tfl
thdi Ly - Trdn, Phat giao dfldc pho quat
trong gidi vua quan, tri thflc va dan
chung, cd nhieu bac uyen tham ve Phat
phap nhflng khdng xay ra tranh cai ve
giao li hoac tranh gianh anh hfldng ma de
cae tinh than "luc hda" Mai chua che chd
hdn dan tgc, la ndi dung hdp gifla Phat
giao vdi Nho giao, Dao giao va cae hinh
thflc tin ngfldng dan gian trdng xu the
"hea nhi ba't dong" Chinh dieu nay khien
dao Phat Viet Nam trd thanh dien hinh
cua tinh khoan dung tdn giao va tfl tfldng
Trong le hdi, tai cac ngdi chua d Thdng
Long - Ha Ndi, tin ngfldng Phat giad ludn
hoa ddng vdi cac hinh thflc tin ngfldng va
truyen thd'ng van hoa dan gian nhfl; tin
ngfldng thd cung to tien, tin ngfldng ndng
nghiep (chua Lang, chfla Hoa Ldng, chua
Due Tu, chfla Hflng Phuc ), de cao
truyen thd'ng danh giac cflu nfldc (chua
Hai Ba Trflng), tmh thdn the thao (chua
Vua), truyen thd'ng van hoa va tinh than
boa hieu, doan ke't (chua Nanh, chfla Tang
Phuc, chua Dien Phuc )
Dong thdi, nhieu chfla thap d Thdng Ldng - Ha Ngi, cung vdi he thd'ng tfldng phap, cflng la ndi ke't tinh cua nghe thuat kien true, dieu khdc, mi thuat cd xfla nhfl; chua Tra'n Qud'c chfla Quang Ba (Hoang An tfl), chfla Hoe Nhai (Hdng Phuc tfl), chfla Lang (Chieu Thien tfl), chfla Quan Sfl, chfla Nanh (Ninh Hiep tfl), chfla Da Td'n (Khoan Te tfl), chfla Ba
Da (Linh Quang tfl), chfla Lien Phai, chua Ly Trieu Qud'c Sfl, chua Cau Ddng, chua Huynh Cung, chfla Le Mat, chfla Ba Tam"" Dac biet, cd mot so'ngdi chua c6 kien true dgc dao nhfl; chfla Mdt Cot, chfla Kim Lien, chfla thap Bao Thien, Ngay nay, Phat giao Thii dd ludn phat huy truyen thd'ng yeu nfldc, gan bd vdi dan tgc, phuc vu nhan dan vdi tinh than
"Phuc vu chung sinh tflc la cung dang chfl Phat" Tfl khi dfldc thanh lap (nam 1981) den nay, trai qua 5 nhiem ki Ban Tri sfl Thanh hgi Phat giae Thanh phd
Ha Ngi va Ban Dai dien Phat giao cac quan, huyen ludn dfldc hoan thien ca ve
so Ifldng l i n chat Ifldng Nam 1981, toan Thanh phd' ed khoang 60 tang ni; hang ndm, ehi td chflc dfldc 1 trfldng ha an cfl, chfla cd tang ni td't nghiep Hgc vien Phat giao (vi khi dd Hge vien Phat giao chfla dfldc t h a n h lap) Den nay, sd' thanh vien Thanh hgi Phat giao da len tdi 861 vi Hdng nam, Ban Tri sfl Thanh hgi to chflc
5 diem an cfl vdi hdn 500 vi ddng ki an cfl kiet ha, cd hdn 200 tang ni da td't nghiep Hgc vien Phat giao va Cao dang Phat hgc, nhieu vi da va dang dfldc dao tao thac si, tien si Ddng thdi, cong tac hoang dfldng
9 Xem: Tran Lam Bien Chua vd tifcfng chiia a Hd Ndi Ban tin Thang Long- Ha Ndi ngan nam Ban
Chi dao Qud'c gia ki niem 1000 nam Thang Long
-Ha Npi .sd 2 (thang 9/2001), tr 18 - 19
Trang 4Van Due Thu Phdt gido vdi nghin ndm Thang Long - Hd Ngi 33
Phat phap, bai trfl me tin, hii tuc va cac
te nan xa hdi ngay cang dfldc day manh
Nhieu tfl vien, chfla canh da dfldc tdn tao,
nang ca'p gdp phan bao tdn nhflng gia tri
kien true vdn hda dan tgc
Thanh hdi Phat giao Thanh phd Ha
Ngi da phdi hdp vdi Trung fldng Giao hdi
Phat giao Viet Nam to chflc ddn tiep, giao
lflu vdi nhieu to' chflc Phat giao qud'c te
nhfl Trung Qud'c, Lao, Campuchia,
Myanmar, Thai Lan, An Do, Nhat Ban,
Dai Loan, Phap, Butan, Ddng thdi,
Thanh hgi cdn cii cae vi chflc sdc tham dfl
nhieu hgi nghi Phat giao qud'c te hoac to
chflc hoang dfldng Phat phap d nfldc
ngoai nhfl; Lao, Sec, Ucraina, Ba Lan,
; Xua't phat tfl tam long tfl bi, cflu khd,
bang nam, cac tang ni, Phat tii Thu dd da
quyen gdp hang trdm trieu dong trong
cac phong trao den dn dap nghia, ung hg
eac dia phfldng hi thien tai, xay dflng nha
tinh nghia, thdm hei cac gia dinh chinh
sach, trd giup ngfldi cd hoan canh khd
khan, ngfldi nhiim HIV/AIDS Ndi tiep
truyen thd'ng cua eac bac tien bdi, tang
ni, Phat tii Thii dd da tich cflc tham gia
trong sfl nghiep xay dflng va bao ve Td
qud'c, cac phong trao ich nfldc ldi dan, bao
ve mdi trfldng, tdan dan doan ke't xay
dflng ddi sd'ng vdn hda d khu dan cfl, gdp
phan xay dflng chinh quyen vflng manh
Nhieu vi tang ni tich cflc tham gia Hgi
dong Nhan dan, Uy ban Mat tran To qud'c
cac cap, cae to chflc xa hdi nhfl; Hdi Chfl
thap dd, Hgi Lien hiep Phu nfl da trd
thanh tam gfldng tieu bieu trong phong trao "Ngfldi td't - viec td't"
Vdi nhflng cdng hien cho dao phap va dan tgc, Thanh hgi Phat giao Thanh phd'
Ha Ngi da dfldc Nha nfldc tang thfldng Huan chfldng Dgc lap hang ba, Huan chfldng Lao ddng hang ba va nhieu phan thfldng cad quy khac Dac biet, cac vi Hda thfldng Thich Dflc Nhuan, Thich Tam Tich, Kim Cfldng Tii, Thich Thanh Chinh, Thich Thanh Thanh, cac Ni trfldng Thich Dam Di, Thich Dam Anh
da dfldc Nha nfldc tang thfldng cac huan chfldng, huy chfldng cao quy'""
Thdi gian qua, cdng cudc ddi mdi do Dang Cong san Viet Nam khdi xfldng va lanh dad, da dem lai sflc sdng mdi cho sfl phat trien cua toan dan tgc Ddi sdng kinh te, xa hgi, sinh boat tin ngfldng, tdn giao eiia nhan dan Thii dd ngay cang dfldc cai thien Thdi gian tdi, trong xu the hdi nhap, nfldc ta dflng trfldc nhflng van hdi mdi, thdi cd mdi nhflng cung day khd khan va thach thflc Phat giao Thu dd can tiep tue phat huy truyen thd'ng yeu nfldc, tinh than doan ket, hda hdp, cung
cd, phat huy ngi lflc, gdp phdn xay dflng Giao hdi vflng manh ve mgi mat, dap flng yeu cau xay dflng, phat trien Phat giao Viet Nam va yeu edu xay dflng dat nfldc, xay dflng Thu dd trong thdi ki mdi./
10 Xem: Thanh hdi Phat giao Ha Ndi 25 ndm trudng thdnh vd phdt trien ciia Phdt gido Thii dd
Tap chf Nghien cuu Phat hpc, sd 6/2006, tr.22 - 25
i)