Thu ba, tren co sd dudng ldi, quan diem ciia Dang, Nha nude da xay dyng va thyc hien cac chinh sach Idn, tao dieu kien phat trien he tiidng thi tmdng va timg budc ddng bd hoa be thdn[r]
Trang 1DANG LANH DAO CONG cuoc D 6 I MOI
PHliT TR|(N KINH Tf vi MO, NHiiN TO QURN TRONG HJING DflU
D( THI/C HKN CONG SRNG XR HOI 0 NITOC TR HKN NRV
ThS VO THI HOA
Vai trd ciia Nhd nuac ta trong thue hien cdng bdng xd hdi duac the hien a cdc hogt ddng chiiyiu nhu: Nhd nude hogch dinh vd thue hien cdc chinh sdch phdt trien kinh te vimd; xdy dung vd thue hien cdc chinh sdch dieu tiet phdn phdi ngudn lire vd thu nhap; xdy dung vd thue hien cdc chinh xd hdi (cdc chinh sdch phdt trien vdn hod, gido due, y
ti vd bdo hiim xd hdi) Trong cdc hogt ddng nay, viec hogch dinh vd thue hien cdc chinh sdch phdt triin kinh ti vi md Id nhdn td quan trong hdng ddu Bai vi, chinh sdch phdt triin kinh ti vimd duac hogch dinh vd thue hien dgt ket qud tdt kinh te phdt trien,
se cd CO sd vimg chdc de thue hien cdng bdng xd hdi Kinh tq phdt trien se cd dieu kien thuan lai de thirc hien chinh sdch dieu tiet, phdn phdi ngudn luc, thu nhap vd chinh sdch
xd hdi Nhirng chinh sdch nay duac thue hien tdt se tdc ddng mgnh me den viec thue hien cdng bdng xd hdi
Trong cdng cudc ddi mdd, Nha nude ta
da cd nhieu tien bg trgng hgach dinh
va thyc hien cac chinh sach phat trien kinh tl
vT md, ngay cang sat hgp vdi thyc tien cudc
sdng, the bien tren cac phuong dien sau day:
Thir nhdt, tren eg sd dudng ldi xay dyng
nen kinh te thi tmdng dinh hudng XHCN,
Nha nude xay dyng va thyc hien chinh sach
phat trien kinh te nhieu thanh phin Nha nude
thira nhan cac hinh thiic sd hiiu trong qua
trinh phat trien kinh te nhieu thanh phin Cac
chinh sach dd da huy ddng, khai thac manh
me va cd hieu qua mgi ngudn lye ca trong
nude va ngoai nude cho sy phat triln kinh tl
* Hgc vien Bao chi va Tuyen tmyIn
Nhd do, nang lye san xuit cua cac chii sd hiru dugc phat huy, nang suit lao ddng dugc nang len, tdc do tang tmdng kinh tl ngay cang cao, cua cai vat chit trong xa hdi ngay cang ddi dao d^ ling ngay cang tdt hon nhu cau cua nhan dan va xuat khiu Dat nude ta cd nhung dieu kien, tien
de thuan loi dl giai quyet mdt budc nhirng van
de xa hdi va thyc Men cdng bang xa hdi
Cac chii truong, chinh sach ciia Nha nude
ve xoa bd sy phan biet ddi xir theo hinh thiic
sd hiru, Nha nude thyc hien uu dai hoac ho trg phat trien ddi vdi mdt sd nganh, ITnh vuc, san pham, mdt sd myc tieu nhu: xuat khau, tao viec lam, xoa ddi giam ngheo, khic phuc nii ro, hd trg cac dganh nghiep vira va nhd Nhung ehinh sach dd da tao sy chuyin bien
Trang 2D A N G L A N H DAO CONG CUOC D 6 I MOI
tich eye ve xoa bd uu dai, dac quyln ddi vdi
mdt sd hinh thiie sd hiru, tao sy binh ding
giira cac hinh thiic sd hiiu va cac thanh phan
kinh te trong dieu kien xay dyng nen kinh te
thi tmdng dinh hudng XHCN
Thir hai, Nha nude da xay dyng va ban hanh
hang loat van ban p b ^ luat ve kinh tl tuong ddi
ddng bd, nhu: Luat Doanh nghiep; Luat Dau tu
nude ngoai; Luat Khuyen khich diu tu trong
nude; Luat Thuong mai; Luat Doanh nghiep tu
nhan; Luat Phdng, chdng tham nhiing; Luat
Thyc hanh tilt kiem, chdng lang phi Trong
thdi ky 2001-2005, Nha nude da ban hanh 58
luat va 43 phap lenh mdi, trong dd cd nhieu luat
va phap lenh ve kinh te' Tir 2006 den nay viec
xay dyng va ban hanh cac van ban phap luat ndi
chung va van ban phap luat ve kinh te ndi rieng
dugc dac biet cgi trgng, tag dieu kien chg nen
kinh te dit nude vugt qua nhiing thach thiic,
tiep tuc phat trien Ddng thdi, Nha nude ciing
bai bd nhieu van ban khdng cdn phii hgp, can
trd viec diu tu, san xuit, kinh dganh anh hudng
den sy phat trien kinh te Cac van ban p h ^ luat
ve kinh te dugc ban hanh va tiiyc hien cd vai trd
rat tg Idn trong quan ly nha nude ve kinh te, giii
viing dinh hudng XHCN; xir ly nhiing vi pham
lam tdn hai den Igi ich cua dit nude va cua nhan
dan, tao sy binh ding tmdc p h ^ luat cua cac chii
sd huu, cac thanh phin kinh tl va mgi tiianh vien
tham gia vao qua trinh kinh tl cua dit nude
Thu ba, tren co sd dudng ldi, quan diem ciia
Dang, Nha nude da xay dyng va thyc hien cac
chinh sach Idn, tao dieu kien phat trien he
tiidng thi tmdng va timg budc ddng bd hoa be
thdng nay trong nen kinh te qudc dan, dam bao
cho kinh tl tiii tmdng phat trien Trong dd, da
chii y den sy thdng nhat hiiu co va mdi quan he Ian nhau giira cac loai thi tmdng Dd la cac thj tmdng hang boa, dich vy tieu dimg, thi tmdng siic lao ddng, thi trudng tu lieu san xuat, thj tmdng vdn, thi tmdng khoa hgc va cdng nghe, thi tmdng thdng tin, thi tmdng bit ddng san Nhd viec xay dyng cac chinh sach phat trien
he thdng thi tmdng diing din, sat thyc te va viec thyc hien dat ket qua nen trong thod gian qua "Mdt sd Igai tiii tmdng mdi hinh thanh; cac till tmdng hang boa, dich vy, lao ddng, khoa hgc va cdng nghe, tai chinh, bat ddng san
cd budc phat trien phii hgp vdi eg che mdi"^
Thir tu, Nha nude da xay dyng va tiiuc hien
quy hoach, chuong trinh, ke hoach, dy an phat trien kinh te - xa hdi Thyc hien dudng ldi ddi mdi cua Dang do Dai hdi VI de ra, Nha nude
da xay dyng va thyc hien cac chuong trinh, ke hoach nham thyc hien thang Igi ba chuong trinh kinh te: Chuong tiinh luong tiiyc - tiiuc pham, Chuong trinh hang tieu dimg va Chuong trinh bang xuat khau, tao sy dn dinh
ve kinh te, dap ung nhu cau ddi sdng nhan dan
De tiep tyc dua cdng cudc ddi mdi gianh thang Igi to Idn hon Dang da tiidng qua chiln luge dn dinh va phat trien kinh te - xa hdi den nam 2000 Theo dd, Nha nude tiep tyc xay dyng va thyc hien cac chuong trinh, ke hoach,
dy an nham thyc hien Chien luge da dugc tiidng qua Cac chuong trinh phat trien kinh te vimg cua Chien luge phat trien kinh te - xa hdi giai doan 2001-2010 dugc Nha nude xay dung va thyc hien nhu Chuong trinh xay dyng ba vimg kinh te trgng diem d mien Bac, mien Trung va mien Nam thanh nhiing trung tam cdng nghiep Idn, cd cdng nghe cao: trung
Trang 3O A N G L A N H DAO CONG CUOC 06l MQI
tam tai chinh, ngan hang, vien thdng, dao tao
va y tl chit lugng cag da phat huy tiie manh
cua mdi vimg trgng diem, la diem tya va dieu
kien thuan Igi dl kinh tl d timg vimg phat trien
trong quy hoach tdng tiie phat trien Idnh te - xa
hdi nude ta, khac phye din sy chenh lech ve
trinh do phat trien kinh te, van boa, xa hdi giira
cac dia phuong trong vimg va giira cac vimg
trong ca nude Thdng qua dd, cdng bang xa hdi
timg budc dugc thyc hien tren pham vi ca
nude vdi nhung ket qua kha quan
Ben canh nhirng ket qua dat dugc, viec
hoach dinh va thyc hien cac chinh sach phat
trien kinh te vT md van cdn mdt sd ban che:
Chat lugng tang trudng, nang suat, bieu qua
va siic canh tranh cua nen kinh te cdn chua
cao, anh hudng den viec thyc hien cdng bang
xa hdi Cac luat dugc ban hanh cdn cham, chua
ddng bd, anh hudng nhat dinh den phat trien
kinh te, cdng tac quan ly nha nude ve kinh te
Chinh sach hd trg va ngudn lye diu tu cho cac
vimg kem phat trien chua dap ling dugc yeu
cau Chat lugng cua mdt sd chuong trinh, dy
an phat trien kinh te vimg cdn thap, chua that
sat thyc te, viec td chiic thyc hien cdn nhilu
yeu kem, nen nhieu dy an, chuong trinh phat
trien kinh te cham hoan thanh, chua dua >fao
khai thac Viec kiem tra, giam sat thyc bien cac
chuong trinh, dy an phat trien kinh te cdn thilu
sau sat din den tinh trang tham nhiing, lang phi
gay that thoat Idn ngudn lye diu tu
Viec dieu tiet phan phdi thu nhap cdn nhilu
liing tiing Cac dgt dieu chinh miic luong tdi
thieu van cdn bieu hien bi ddng Mire do dilu
chinh luong tdi thieu cdn chua theo kip vdi sy
bien ddi ve gia ca tren thi tmdng nen ddi sdng
cua nhung ngudi hudng luong thugc khdi hanh chinh, sy nghiep van cdn nhieu khd khan Tien luong chua thue sy la ddng luc thiic diy nhung ngudi hudng luong phat huy nang luc tri tue, long nhiet tinh vdi cdng viec
Cac chinh sach phat trien van boa, giao due, y
tl chua ddng bg, viec cu the hoa cac chinh sach do
cdn ban chi din d&ti viec thyc hien d nhieu (£a
phuong cdn liing tiing, hieu qua chua cao Chinh sach bao hiem xa hdi cdn nhieu ban che, va mdi chu yeu dugc ^ dung trong dien hep, giiia nhiing ngudi hudng luong tir ngan sach nha nude Viec
md rdng cac hinh thiic bao hiem xa hdi cdn nhieu bit cap Chua xu ly nghiem minh nhiing chu doanh nghiep ngoai qudc doanh khdng mua bao hiem cho ngudi lao ddng
De khac phuc nhung han che neu tren, thyc hien tdt vai ti"d ciia Nha nude trong thyc hien cdng bang xa hdi, viec hoach dinh va thyc bien cac chinh sach kinh te vT md can dam bao cac yeu cau sau day:
- Tudn theo quy trinh chdt che Tren co sd
dudng ldi, chii tmong cua Dang ve phat trien kinh te thi tmdng dinh hudng XHCN, dugc tiidng qua tai cac ky Dai hdi Dang, Nha nude can cy the hoa, the che hoa thanh cac chinh sach kinh te vT md Tiln hanh cdng viec nay phai bam sat tiiyc tiln, dilu ti-a, khao sat, tdng ket thyc tiln; nhan thiic sau sic cac quy luat cua kinh tl tiii tmdng; nghien ciiu, trao ddi va hgc tap cd chgn Igc kinh nghiem cua nude nggai Cin thanh lap cac tilu ban, cac dl an ddi vdi tiing loai chinh sach dl tiln hanh nghien ciiu, chuin bi du thao Thao luan dan chu, nhieu Ian, tranh thu y kiln cua cac ca quan, can bd khoa hgc vl nhiing vin de kinh
Trang 4O A N G L A N H D A O CONG CUOC 0 6 i MOI
te - xa hdi, tranh thu y kien ciia cac cap uy,
chinh quyen va cac doan thi nhan dan Nhiing
van de chua rd, chua cd co sd de kit luan cd
the tien hanh lam tiiir, nit kinh nghiem tmdc
khi ban hanh chinh sach
- Hogch dinh cdc chinh sdch kinh te vi md
phdi ddng bd, mang tinh khd thi cao Sy ddng
bd cua chinh sach kinh te vT md can dugc the
hien d cac chinh sach: chinh sach phat trien
tdng the nen kinh te thi tmdng nude ta; chinh
sach phat trien cac thanh phan kinh te, khu vyc
kinh te; cac chinh sach ddi vdi cac bd phan chu
yeu cau thanh nen kinh te thi tmdng gdm: cau
hang hoa, cung hang boa, gia ca hang boa, sy
canh tranh tren thi tmdng; cac chinh sach ve
xay dung va ddng bd hoa he thdng thi tmdng,
gdm: thi tmdng hang boa - dich vy, thi tmdng
bat ddng san, thi tmdng lao ddng, thi tmdng tai
chinh, thi tmdng khoa hgc va cdng nghe
Neu khdng hgach dinh dugc chinh sach kinh
te vT md diing din va ddng bg thi khdng tiie tao
dugc dieu kien vat chit ddng bd cho viec tang
tmdng va phat trien kinh te theo muc tieu, chien
luge phat trien kinh te - xa hdi va ke hoach phat
trien kinh te da de ra Trong hoach dinh chinh
sach kinh te vT md can dac biet coi trgng cac
chinh sach tai chinh, tien te, chinh sach thue, lai
suat ngan hang, chinh sach phat trien cac tiianh
phan kinh te, chinh sach thu hut diu tu nude
nggai, chinh sach giai quyet viec lam
He tiidng phap luat la eg sd phap ly eiia cac
boat ddng kinh tl va thyc hien cdng bang xa
hdi, song vdi tu each la chinh sach kinh te vT
md, cac luat vl kinh te can dugc xay dyng cd
chat lugng, ban hanh va thyc hien mdt each
nghiem tiic nhim phat huy manh me vai trd
cua nd trong phat trien kinh te va thyc hien cdng bang xa hdi
Chat lugng chinh sach kinh te vT md dugc hgach dinh phai dam bag dieu hanh tdt dugc sy phat trien cac nganli, cac thanh phan, cac lihh vyc kinh te theo muc tieu, chien luge phat trien kinh te da dugc xac dinh, ddng thdi phai khac phye dugc nhirng yeu kem cua nen kinh te
Sy tang tmdng kinh te ciia nude ta trgng nhiing nam qua chua tuong xiing vdi kha nang cua dit nude, chat lugng, hieu qua, siic canh tranh cua nen kinh te cdn kem, co cau kinh te chuyen dich cham Van cdn tren 70% lao ddng xa hdi lam viec trong nganh ndng nghiep, lam nghiep va ngu nghiep, nhung mdi tao ra 25% GDP Cac nganh dich vy phat trien cham va cdn nhieu yeu kem ca ve quy md va chat lugng phye vy Cdng nghiep nhin chung van cdn nhd be, trinh do khoa hgc va cdng nghe cdn lac hau Nang suat lao ddng thap, chat lugng nhieu san pham cdn ban che, gia thanh lai cao nen siic canh tranh kem Ket cau
ha tang bat cap, mdi tmdng ty nhien d nhieu noi bi huy hoai va d nhiem nang Chat lugng ngudn nhan lye cdn thap, lag ddng chua qua dao tao van chiem ty le cao Lang phi chi tieu ngan sach nha nude va tieu dimg xa hdi cdn nghiem trgng Viec phat trien va van hanh he thdng thi tmdng chua ddng bd, mdt sd nguyen tic cua thi tmdng bi vi pham Day la nhung thach thiic rat Idn va la van de dat ra can giai quyet ddi vdi viec hoach dinh chinh sach kinh
te vT md, nang cao chat lugng va sy ddng bd ciia cac chinh sach dd, nham timg budc khac phuc tinh trang yeu kem neu tren
(Xem tiep trang 64)
Trang 5D I 6 N D A N TU' TU'ONG - LY LUAN
"khach quan hga" Dg dd Dang khdng chi
cin cd til me, ma cdn can phai thyc sy trong
sach, vung manh, kien dinh dinh hudng
XHCN, van dung diing din cac quy luat
khach quan, hanh ddng mdt each ty giac trong
sy nghiep lanh dao each mang
Tdm Igi, mac dii the gidi da trai qua nhirng
bien ddng rat sau sac, nhat la budc thoai trao
cua CNXH, nhung dilu dd khdng he lam
giam y nghTa lich sir vach ddng thdi dai cua
Cach mang thang Mudi Nga Trong dieu kien
lich sir mdi, tiep tyc kien dinh con dudng
thang Mudi vT dai, day manh ddi mdi tu duy
ly luan va tang cudng tdng ket thyc tien, Dang
ta cang thay rd con dudng di len CNXH ma
Dang va nhan dan ta da lya chgn tuy khdng he
gian don, tham chi diy khd khan va thir thach,
nhung phii hgp vdi xu the van ddng tit yeu
cua lich sir Thanh tyu dat dugc trgng sy
nghiep ddi mdi hon 20 nam qua cimg vdi
nhirng nhan thiic mdd tren ca phuong dien ly
luan va thyc tien la co sd rat quan trgng de
Dang ta bd sung va phat trien Cuong linh xdy
dung ddt nuoc trong thdi ky qud do len chii
nghia xd hdi, chuan bi va tien hanh thanh
cdng Dai bdi Dang toan qudc Ian thii XI sap
tdi Viing budc tren con dudng Idn cua ddc
lap dan tdc va CNXH nhit dinh chiing ta se
xay dyng thanh cdng mdt nude Viet Nam
"dan giau, nude manh, xa hdi cdng bang, dan
chu, van minh"
1 V.I Lenin Todn tap, Tien bo, M 1980, T.44,
tr.184-185
2 V.I Lenin Todn tap, Tiln bo, M, T 36, tr 235
PHAT TRIEN KINH TE VI MO
(Tiep theo trang 55)
- Hogch dinh chinh sdch kinh te vimd phdi gdn lien vdi hogch dinh chinh sdch xd hoi
NIU khdng thyc hien tdt dieu nay, tach rdi hai qua trinh dd thi khdng the thyc hien dugc cdng bing xa hdi, tiiam chi cd tmdng hgp chinh sach kinh te vT md mau thuan vdi chinh sach xa hdi Neu xay ra dieu nay se dan den hau qua khd ludng cho ca kinh te va cdng bang xa hdi Gan lien hai qua trinh nay vdi nhau thi ca chinh sach kinh te vT md, ca chinh sach xa hdi dugc hoach dinh deu cd chat lugng va kha thi, se phat huy diy du vai tro cua kinh te thi trudng ddi vdi cdng bang xa hdi va vai trd cua cdng bang xa hdi ddi vdi su phat trien nen kinh te thi tmdng
- Bdm sdt thue tien, nam chdc qud trinh thue hien chinh sdch kinh te vT md, coi trgng
sa ket, tdng ket, rut kinh nghiem Trong thyc
tien thyc hien chinh sach kinh te vT md se xuit hien nhieu van de phiic tap khac nhau ddi hdi phai giai quyet kip thdi, vi vay phai bam sat tiiyc tien de cd cac chu tmong, giai phap giai quyet diing dan Ddng thdi, can coi trgng so ket, tdng ket diic nit kinh nghiem va sira ddi nhung diem khdng cdn phii hgp vdi thyc tien cua cac chinh sach kinh te vT md, bd sung nhirng diem mdi de chinh sach diy du, hoan tiiien hon
1, 2 Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Dai
hoi dgi biiu todn quoc idn thirX, CTQG, H, 2006,
tr.60, 149