Cd nhfl vay thi nhflng gia tri dao dfle truyen thd'ng, trong dd cd nhflng gia tri dao dfle trong tfn ngfldng thd cflng To tien mdi cd y nghia tfch cufc trong viec gifl gin va xay dfl[r]
Trang 136 Nghien CU'U Ton giao Sd2 - 2010
PHAT HUY NHUNG GIA TRI TICH CUC CUA TIN NGUONG THC) CUNG TO TIEN TRONG GIAI DOAN HIEN NAY
TRAN Dtrc DirONG'
T hd cung Td tien k mdt hien tfldng
xa hdi da xudt hicn tfl xa xfla trong
lich sfl nhan loai va da tflng tdn tai d
nhidu qudc gia chau luc, trong dd cd Viet
Nam Cho den nay tin ngfldng thd cflng
Td tien van cd vai trd kha quan trgng
trong ddi sdng tinb tbiin cua nhidu tgc
ngfldi Tuy nhien, viec danh gia vai trd,
gia tri va y nghia ciia nd d mdi qudc gia
lai khdng nhfl nhau
Tfn ngfldng thd cflng Td tien cfla ngfldi
Viet Nam trong qua trinh hinh thanh
tdn lai va phat trien da gdp phdn tao ra
nhflng gia tri dao dfle truydn thd'ng, dd k
ldng hieu thdo, nhan ai, tfnh cgng ddng,
tfnh cdn cfl sang tao long hieu hgc, long
yeu nflde trong dd yeu nflde la gia tri dao
dfle hang dau trong he thdng dao dfle
truydn thd'ng cua dan tgc Viet Nam Dd la
nhflng gia tri he't sfle quy ban can dufdc
bdo lifu, ke' thfla nghien cflu, khai thac
va phat huy de phuc vu cho sfl nghiep
xay dflng xa hgi mdi
Smh thdi, Chfl tich Hd Chf Mmh da
nhidu ldn khang dinh: Trong cdng tac tdn
giao, cdn phai bie't khai thac nhflng gia
tri nhan ban tfch cufc cua cac tdn giao
cflng nhif cac binh thflc tfn ngfldng dc
phat huy nd trong cdng cudc da'u tranh
chd'ng giac ngoai xam cung nhfl trong
cdng cudc bdo ve va xay diing Td qudc
Dfldng ldi ciia Dang vd cdng tac tdn giao
khdng dinh: "Giii gin vd phdt huy nhdng
gid tri tieh ei/e eua truyen thdng thd cung
To tien, tdn vinh nhiing ngadi ed cdng vdi
To qud'e vd nhdn ddn"'"
Viec thd cung Td tien d nflde ta da cd tfl rd't k u ddi, dufdc duy tri tfl ddi nay sang ddi khac, trd thanh dao If, tap tuc, truydn thd'ng thdm sau trong tidm thflc mdi con ngfldi Viet Nam Co' Thfl tfldng Pham Van Ddng cho rang: "Tfl xa xfla, dan tgc Viet Nam ta khdng ed tdn giao theo nghia thdng thfldng ciia nhidu nufdc khac Cdn ndi tdn giao k thd cung Td tien thi mgi ngfldi deu thd eung dng, ba, mgi ngfldi ddu thd cung Td tien , tfl gdc do van hda tdi tha'y day la mot dac trflng dang trgng cua con ngfldi Viet Nam d chd
nd tfldng nhd nhflng ngfldi cd cdng trang trong viec tao lap cudc sd'ng ngay nay cua mgi ngfldi gia dinh, k n g xdm"'"'
Thd cung To tien la mgt loai hinh tfn ngfldng cd truydn mang tfnh phd quat cua ngfldi Viet Nam Nd trd thanh mdt tap tuc truydn thd'ng, cd vi trf he't sfle dac biet trong ddi sd'ng tinh thdn cua dan tgc Viet Nam Nd la mgt trong cac thanh td tao nen ban sde van bda Viet Nam Cflng vdi tien trinh lich sfl cua dan tgc, nd k sfl bdi ldng, kdt tu nhflng gia tri dao dfle quy bau cfla con ngifdi Viet Nam
Chfnh vi vay, viec nghien cflu tim
h i e u nhflng gia t r i d a o dfle t r o n g tfn
* Hoc vien CT-HCQG Ho Chf Minh
1 Nghi quyci Hen nglu lan thir hdy BCH Trung ifcmg
Ddng khda IX ve cdng ldc ton gido
2 Phiim Villi Dong \'aii hda vd Ddi nidi Nxb
Chinh tri Quoc gia Hii Ngi 1994 tr 7
Trang 2Tran Dd'c Ducmg Phdt huy nhCfng gid tri 37
ngfldng t h d c u n g Td tien de p h a t h u y m a t
tfch cufc, b a n che m a t tieu cufc k dieu cdn
thiet, nha't la k h i nhflng m a t t r a i cua ndn
k i n h te t h i trfldng d a n g tflng ngay, tflng
gid g a m n h a m , k m m a i mdt va bien
tfldng d d n n h i e u gia tri ve dao dfle, vdn
hda, t i n h t h d n c u a d a n tde
Trflde k h i cac tdn giao ngoai sinh nhfl
P h a t giao, Dao giao Cdng giao Islam
giao, v.v cd m a t d Viet N a m , nflde ta da
cd mdt cd t d n g v a n hda Ddng N a m A vdi
tin ngfldng thd c u n g Td tien, phdn thflc,
vat linh giao, v.v Thd cung Td tien d
nflde ta m a n g t i n h c h a t phd bidn, tdn tai d
nhidu vflng mien, tgc ngfldi, giai tang, va
da ben re, dn s a u vao ddi sd'ng tinb thdn
cua nhidu the' h e ngfldi Viet N a m vdi
nhflng h i n h thflc vd mflc do khac n h a u
Tuy nhien, da k ngfldi Viet Nam, dfl la
ngfldi cd tdn giao h a y k h d n g tdn giao thi
hdu b e t deu cd t a m thflc thd cflng Td tien,
t h a n h kfnh gia tien, tdn thd nhflng n h a n
vat lich sfl h a y t r u y e n t h u y e t dfldc coi la
cd cdng vdi dan, vdi nflde
Td tien tbeo q u a n mem cfla ngfldi Vict
Nam trufdc h e t la nhflng ngufdi cd cflng
huyet thd'ng nhfl: cha, me, dng ba, cu, ki,
sau la nhflng ngfldi cd cdng tao dflng nen
cudc sd'ng cua cdng ddng nhuf cac vi "Thanh
hoang k n g " , cac "Nghe td' Khdng chi thd,
Td tien cdn k nhflng ngfldi cd cdng bao ve
lang xdm, que hfldng, dat nflde khdi n a n
ngoai xam nhfl T r d n Hflng Dao da trd
t h a n h "cha" dfldc cflng, gid vao t h a n g 8 am
lich h d n g n a m Hdn t h d nfla "Thang 8 gid
cha" da trd t h a n h n g a y cflng gid d ra't nhieu
ndi trong cdng ddng ngfldi Viet Ngay cd
"Thanh hoang" cfla nhieu k n g cflng khdng
phdi ai ai c u n g k ngfldi da cd cdng tao
dflng nen lang, ma ed khi la ngfldi cd cdng,
cd dfle vdi nflde dfldc dng cha ta tdn thd lam
"Thanh hoang" Td tien trong tin ngfldng
cfla ngfldi Viet N a m cdn k "Me Au Cd", cdn
la 'V^ua Hung", k ngfldi sinh ra cac d a n tgc trong dai gia dinh Viet N a m
Cd t h e ndi, tfn ngfldng thd cflng Td tien k h d n g chi dflng lai d p h a m vi gia dinh, hg tgc m a nd cdn md rdng den k n g
xa, da't nflde: "Dao thd c u n g Td tien t h e o
n g h i a r d n g k h d n g chi thd nhflng ngfldi cd cdng s i n h dufdng da khua't, nghia k nhflng ngfldi cd cflng h u y e t thd'ng ma thd
ca nhflng ngufdi cd cdng vdi cdng ddng,
k n g xa va da't nufdc"''''
Thd cung Td tien k thdng qua nhflng nghi le de td long t h a n h kfnh, biet dn cua con chau ddi vdi ngfldi da khua't Trong sau
t h a m t a m thflc, nhidu ngfldi Viet tin rang, tuy da m a t nhflng vong hdn Td tien van cdn ben eon chau, che chd, nhae nhd ddng vien minh Do dd, thd cung Td tien k dao If
d ddi, k "dao n h a " cua ngfldi Viet N a m Thd cflng Td tien k h i n h thflc tfn ngfldng m a t h d n g q u a nghi le thd cflng
n h d m xac lap "mdi lien h e " gifla ngfldi sd'ng vdi ngfldi chet, gifla t h e gidi h i e n tai
va t h e gidi t a m linh; La suf t h e h i e n q u a n
m e m ve n h a n sinh q u a n cua con ngfldi Viet N a m : "Sfl tfl nhfl sfl sinh, sfl vong nhfl sfl tdn" Vdi ngufdi Viet N a m , chet chfla phdi k het, Td t i e n lflc nao cung d ben c a n h ngfldi sd'ng, "nhfl tai" t r e n b a n thd mdi gia dinh, ddng vien, trd giflp, phfl
hg cho con c h d u t r o n g cudc sd'ng thfldng ngay N e u nhfl tdn giao thifdng t u y e t ddi hda ddi sd'ng t i n h t h d n hifdng con ngufdi
ve t h e gidi sieu t h o a t , t h i tfn ngfldng thd cflng Td tien, t u y cd hfldng con ngfldi ve vdi q u a khfl, song lai r a t coi t r g n g h i e n tai vd tfldng lai Thd cflng Td t i e n k viec ra't h e t r g n g
ddi vdi ngfldi Viet N a m Thdi gian cflng gid la n h f l n g n g a y b u y k i c u a Td t i e n
3 Dang Nghiem 'Viin \'c' tin ngirc/ng ton gido \'iel Nam hien nay Nxb Khoa hgc xa hoi 1996 tr 31.')
Trang 338 Nghien cu'u Ton giao Sd'2 - 2010
nhflng ngay le, tet trong ndm Ngoai ra,
viec thd cung Td tien cdn dfldc td chflc vao
nhflng ngay trong gia dinh cd sfl kien
quan trgng nhfl lay vd, ga chdng sinh
con, k m nha, mfla mdi, thi cfl, di xa, v.v
Thdng qua nghi le thd eflng, ngfldi Vict
Nam glii gdm tinh cam bidt dn ddi vdi Td
tien: "An qua nhd ke trdng cay" va vi
"Cay cd gd'c mdi nd canh xanh nggn, nflde
cd ngudn mdi be rgng sdng sau" Trong
mdi gia dinh, tfn ngfldng thd cflng Td tien
ddn ddn trd thanh dao If "ud'ng nflde nhd
ngudn", thanh "dao hieu" Nhfl vay, thd
cflng To tien k sfl thfle hdnh chfl Hidu,
dao Hieu, bdi vi:
Mdt long thd me kinh cha
Cho trdn cha Hie'u mdi Id dgo eon
Trong tam thfle cfla ngfldi Viet Nam,
viec tu hanh khdng phdi k phfldng phap
tdi flu de gidi thoat, bdi: "Tu dau cho bdng
tu nha, thd cha, kfnh me mdi k chan tu"
Dao hieu k cai gd'c cfla mdi con ngfldi
Cniig cha, nghia me nhfl nfli cao, nflde
ngudn cho nen phdi hieu thao vdi cha, me
khi cdn sd'ng, t h a n h kfnh, biet dn, tide
thfldng khi cha, me khua't nfli vd vdi tien
td Ldng hieu thao k gia tri dao dfle quy
bau trong tfn ngfldng thd cflng Td tien
ciia ngfldi Viet Nam
Nho giiio va P h a t giao Viet Nam deu
coi trgng chfl Hie'u Theo Phat giao, con
cai khdng chf hie'u t h u a n cha me mdt
ngay ma k ca ddi minh Ngfldi Viet Nam
theo Cdng giao eung ludn kfnh hieu vdi
cha me To tien Ngay gid, nhieu tfn dd
de'n nha thd cdu nguyen cho hfldng hdn
da khua't, hg di ddp mg, dat hoa tfldng
nhd Td tien Chfl Hidu khdng chi ddn
thudn k cflng tien, le lat ma dfldc cu the
hda bang each ddi n h a n xii the vdi ngfldi
dang sd'ng Tfl ngdn xfla, dng eha ta da
cd cau "sd'ng thi chdng eho an, den khi
chet mdi k m van te rudi" de che bai
nhflng ke k m con khdng biet gifl trdn dao hieu khi dng ba, cha me cdn sd'ng Kfnh hieu vdi cha me k the hien stJ phung dfldng cha me lflc ve gia, dflng nen
"con nudi cha me kd cdng tflng ngay" Con chau lflc be thi "cay cha" nfldng dfla vao dng, ba, cha me, luc ve gia thi "cay con" trdng nhd vao sfl phung dfldng, cham sdc cfla con chau
Con chau hieu vdi Td tien khdng phai chi dflng lai d long biet dn, sfl phung dfldng ma cdn phai ra sfle hge tap, ren luyen de nen ngfldi vi ngfldi gia van quan niem "eon hdn cha la nha cd phfle"
Nhflng nam gdn day, nha't la tfl khi
Ddi mdi, viec thd cung To tien dflt^c nhieu
ngfldi chfl trgng Dd k net nghia cua ngfldi Vict Nam, nd khdi gdi cho the he sau dao If "udng nifdc nhd ngudn", sd'ng phdi cd tinh nghia trufdc sau Song viec thd cung Td tien d nhidu ndi nhieu gia dinh, hg tgc cd bieu hien hdi thai qua Hien tfldng xay md md to, k m cd ban linh dinh, phd trfldng vd tai san, danh vgng, .dia vi, cd hgi, true ldi, v.v da gay ra khdng ft lang phf, phien toai, tdn hai den ddi sd'ng vat chat, tmh thdn eho nhan than, k m bien dang nhidu gia tri nhan van sau sdc, chan chinh cua hinh thflc tfn ngufdng nay Vi vay, cdn cd sfl dinh hfldng bdng dfl luan, bdng hfldng fldc mdi cua
k n g xa k m cho cai tmh tfly ngan xfla dd lai cang tinh tuy hdn trong thdi dai mdi
Dd k viec k m cua ca cdng ddng, xa hgi Cung vdl sfl the hien dao hieu vdi To ticn, tfn ngufdng thd cflng To tien cdn la sdi day hen ket gifla nhflng con ngfldi trong cudc sd'ng hien tai "Anh em nhfl the chan tay", "ga cflng mdt me", ba con k n g xdm
"tat lfla tdi den cd nhau", tinh nghia xdm lang nhfl "bdu vdi bf, tfldng than, tfldng ai, giup dd nhau trong cudc sdiig Tfl dd long nhan ai, tinh cdng ddng dfldc xay dflng
Trang 4Tran Due Duong Phdt huy nhiing gid tri 39
Cling cd, cung k nhflng gia tri dao dfle dang
trgng, khdng the thieu trong ddi sd'ng xa
hdi ciia mdi eon ngfldi •
Tfldng nhd tdi To tien, ngfldi Viet Nam
ludn bao nhau phai sd'ng sao cho xflng
dang vdi sfl ki vgng cua To tien Cac the
he chau eon, sau khi da cdng thanh danh
toai thfldng trd ve "vinh quy bai td" trflde
cac vong linh dng ba Td tien Ngfldi Viet
Nam ludn cdn cfl, sang tao trong viec tao
dflng cudc sd'ng Dfle tfnh cdn cfl, sang tao
trong lao ddng cung dfldc hinh thanh va
khang dinh mdt phdn thdng qua y thflc
ve Td tien, cgi ngudn
Td tien khdng chi k ta'm gfldng sang
cho con chau noi theo, hieu vdi To tien
cdn cd nghia k con chau phai thanh dat
"sdng ldp sau ddy sdng ldp trflde" Thanh
dat k m rang rd To tien, ddng hg, k n g
xdm, que hfldng Song de thanh dat phdi
kien tri tu luyen ban than, phdi chiu khd
hgc hdi Dfle tfnh hidu hgc cung k mgt
gia tri dao dfle td't deji dn chfla trong tfn
ngfldng thd cung Td tien
Chfl hieu trong tfn ngfldng thd cflng Td
tien khdng chi dflng lai d y thflc, giao due
dao dfle md ddn ddn trd thdnh nghi thflc,
tap tuc, khudn mau thfldng xuj'en nhae
nhd con chau cd trach nhiem vdi qua khfl,
hien tai va tfldng lai, vdi anh em, hg tgc,
chdm xdm va xa hdi
Chfl hie'u, ldng biet dn, sfl kfnh trgng,
v.v khdng chi bd hep trong pham vi gia
dinh, hg tgc ma cdn dfldc md rdng ra
trong pham vi lang nflde Lang xdm Viet
Nam cd cd cdu, thiet che rat chat che
Tuy k n g xa cd quan he mat thiet vdi Nha
nflde Trung fldng nhflng lai cd tfnh ddc
lap tfldng ddi Mdi k n g ddu cd tuc le,
phong tuc, ldi sd'ng rieng Trong pham vi
lang xa tfl k u da hinh thanh tap tuc thd
cflng thdn ctia phifdng Thanh hoang k n g
k ngu'di cd cdng tao dflng, phat trien cudc
sdng ciia cd k n g , hoac cd the k ngfldi cd cdng vdi nflde dfldc cac cu td xfla trong
k n g tdn thd k m Thanh hoang
Dao If hfldng vd cdi ngudn rieng, ve nhflng ngfldi cd cdng sinh thanh tao dufng cudc sd'ng ddi vdi con ngfldi Viet Nam thi ddng thdi cung k dao If hfldng ve edi ngudn chung cua cd dan tde Tinh yeu que hfldng, yeu da't nflde cung dfldc hun due tfl day Kfnh hieu vdi To tien k kfnh hie'u vdi Me Au Cd, vdi Vua Hung "da cd cdng dflng nflde" Ldng yeu nflde, tfl hao dan tgc k gia tri dao dfle quy bau, xuyen sud't chidu dai lich sfl dan tgc va cd y nghia dinh hfldng cho le sd'ng cua con ngfldi Viet Nam
Gia dinh - Lang - Nflde trong tam thflc ngfldi Viet Nam bao ddi than thfldng, gdn quyen vdi nhau trong cudc da'u tranh chd'ng thien tai, dich hga Hg cd td hg, lang
cd Thanh hoang, nflde cd Td nflde Vua Hflng k Td cua mudn dan nflde Viet Ngay
10 thang 3 am lich hdng nam, ngfldi Viet tfl khap ndi, ca d nflde ngodi ve vieng To k
td ldng kfnh hie'u To tien, nhan them tinh yeu thfldng con ngfldi, xfl sd, hfldng vd cdi ngudn dan tgc, hun due hdn thieng sdng nfli cung ed'y thflc cdng ddng nhfl Bac Hd
da tflng cdn dan: Vua Hflng k ngfldi cd cdng diJng nflde Nhfl vay Vua Hflng chfnh
k dng Td cua nflde Viet Nam Ud'ng nflde phdi nhd ngudn, con chau thi phai nhd de'n Td tien Cac Vua Hflng da cd cdng dflng nflde, Bac chau ta phdi cflng nhau gifl lay nflde! Dd mdi k ud'ng nflde nhd ngudn, mdi k nhd Td tien vay
Ddi vdi cdc chien si da hi sinh trong cudc khang chie'n, cac dia phfldng ddu cd nghia trang het si de ghi cdng, tfldng nhd Ngoai phdn bia md cua cac liet si cdn cd cac bia tfldng niem cac anh hflng liet si vd danh k vf du dien hinh cfla phong trao
"Ddn dn dap nghia" trong cd nflde
Trang 540 Nghien ciJu Ton giao Sd2 - 2010
Viec xay dufng nha tinh nghia nudi
dfldng cac Ba me Viet Nam Anh hflng, giflp
dd cac gia dinh cd cdng vdi nflde cflng the
hien sinh ddng dao If "ud'ng nflde nhd
ngudn, an qua nhd ke trdng cay" ciia nhan
dan ta Bao viec k m hieu nghia khae tren
khap nflde ta khdng nhflng chf vdi gia dinh,
hg hang ma cdn vdi mdt cdng ddng rgng
ldn: Td qudc Nhflng viec k m hieu nghia ay
can dfldc k m thfldng xuyen, sau rgng, dfldc
khuyen khfch, tran trgng
Thdng qua hinh thflc tin ngfldng thd
eung Td tien, con ngfldi cam tha'y gan bd
vdi nhau hdn, tinh yeu que hfldng da't
nflde dfldc khdi day (an dat nflde), nhd dn
Td tien, dng ba, cha me da cd cdng nudi
ldn, dfldng due minh (an cha me)
Nhfl vay, tfn ngfldng thd cflng Td tien
cua ngfldi Viet Nam trong qua trinh hinh
thanh, tdn tai va phat trien da gdp phan
tao lap nhieu chan gia tri quy bau Ben
canh dd nd cdn khdi day dao If k m ngfldi,
ngan chan suy thoai dao dfle, ldi sd'ng, gin
gifl thang gia tri, dao dfle truyen thd'ng,
ban sac van hoa dan tgc, hfldng vd cai
thien, v.v Dd k nhflng gia tri het sfle quy
bau ma chflng ta edn nghien cflu, khai thac
de phuc vu cho sfl nghiep xay dflng xa hdi
mdi Ban than mgi gia tri khdng phdi "nha't
thanh bat bien" ma nd ludn bidn ddi cflng
tien trinh lich sii Cac gia tri ciia ngay hdm
qua la edi ngudn maeh sd'ng cho cae gia tri
cua ngay hdm nay
Nhflng gia tri dao dfle trong tfn
ngfldng thd cung To tien nhfl da khai
quat tren cd the ndi k vinh hdng cflng vdi
sfl tdn tai va phat trien cua dan tde, song
b a n t h a n tfn ngfldng thd cflng To t i e n
cung chfla dflng trong nd nhflng gia tri khdng phdi k khdng cd ban che lich sii, bdi nd k san pham tinh thdn cfla "nen vdn minh ndng nghiep", "van minh k n g xa" trong lich suf Viec ke thfla nhung gia tri dao dfle truyen thd'ng ddi hdi phai dfldc ket hdp vdi nhflng gia tri dao dfle mdi "Ngi dung mdi" cdn dfldc dfla them vao "hinh thflc cu" cho phu hdp vdi xa hgi cdng nghiep hien dai Hieu vdi Td tien, dng, ba, cha, me cdn dfldc nang len cao hdn, dep hdn, dd k "hieu vdi dan, vdi nflde"; long n h a n ai phdi dfldc nhan len thanh chfl nghia nhan dao; tfnh cgng ddng cdn dfldc ket hdp vdi chfl nghia tap the, ldng yeu nflde phdi gan vdi yeu chu nghia xa hdi: tfnh cdn cfl, sang tao trong lao dgng phai gdn vdi long tuf tin, y thflc
k m chu khoa hgc, cdng nghe hien dai, v.v Cd nhfl vay thi nhflng gia tri dao dfle truyen thd'ng, trong dd cd nhflng gia tri dao dfle trong tfn ngfldng thd cflng To tien mdi cd y nghia tfch cufc trong viec gifl gin va xay dflng "ndn van hda tien tien, dam da ban sdc dan tgc" ma Ddng, Nha nflde va nhan dan ta da va dang phan dau thiet lap
De k m dufdc didu dd, thiet nghi cdn phdi cd sfl dinh hfldng tfl chu trufdng, chfnh sach cua Dang, Nha nflde; sfl phdi hdp chat ehe ddng bg cua cac nganh, cac cap, cac td chflc chfnh tri - xa hdi, cac
k n g , xa, hg tgc, tflng gia dinh va tflng con ngfldi trong n h a n thflc va hanh ddng
de ngay cang phat huy dfldc nhflng gia tri tfch cufc, khde phuc nhflng han che trong tfn ngfldng thd cflng To tien va qua dd xay dufng xa hgi ngay cang td't dep hdn./