Bdi vi, yeu td ehinh tri tinh thin eua chien tranh nhan dan Viet Nam khdng tu nhien ma ed, ma nd duge hinh thanh va phat trien tren co sd che do chinh tri, kinh tl ciia xa hdi mdi, h[r]
Trang 1MJdC CdNG HdA DAM CflU NHAN DAN l A o
^^ nam xay dpng va pbat trien
LE VAN PHONG*
Cdch day 34 nam, dual su lanh dao sdng suot vd tdi tinh ciia Ddng Nhdn ddn each mang Lao, nhdn ddn cdc bg tgc Lao dd tiin hdnh cuge ddu tranh anh diing,
kiin cudng, day gian nan, thir thdch, lat do ach thdng tri thuc ddn, phong kiin, lap
nin nudc Cdng hda ddn chii nhdn ddn Lao (2-12-1975) Tic do din nay, nhdn ddn
cdc bg tgc Lao khdn truang bdt tay vdo viec khde phuc hau qud ehien tranh, xdy
dung, phdt triin ddt nuac vd dd dgt dugc nhiiu thdnh tuu to ldn tren nhiiu linh vuc
1 Kinh te- xa hpi
Sau khi giai phdng hoan toan dat nudc,
mdt trong nhung nhiem vu edt yeu hang dau
cua nha nude Lao la tap trung khac phue hau
qua chien tranh, phat trien kinh te- xa hdi, dua
nude Lao sdm thoat khdi tinh trang kem phat
trien, eai thien ddi sdng nhan dan Nhan thiie
rd vi tri, vai trd ciia minh ddi vdi su nghiep
each mang Lao, Dang Nhan dan Cach mang
Lao da sdm de ra nhieu chu truong, bien phap
de phat trien nen kinh te Nghi quyet Hgi nghi
Ban Chap hanh Trung uong lan thii 5 Khda II
(2-1978) Dang Nhan dan Cach mang Lao da
de ra phuang hudng, nhiem vu phat trien kinh
te- xa hdi trong nhiing nam trude mat cua Lao
la: " ra sire khdi phue va phat trien kinh te,
td chiic lai san xuat; day manh san xuat luong
thuc thuc pham va hang tieu diing, ddng thdi
tranh thii vien trg qudc te, nham dap img cac
Vien Lich sir quan sir Viet Nam
yeu cau can thiet cua nha nudc va cua nhan dan, lam cho tinh hinh kinh te tai chinh va ddi sdng nhan dan dn dinh "' Theo chu truong
dd, nhan dan cac bd tdc Lao da phat huy tinh
\ r
than trach nhiem cua minh, khai thae mgi the manh, tiem nang san cd cua dat nudc vao phat trien san xuat Vi the, chi trong mdt thdi gian ngan, nen ndng nghiep cua Lao da dugc khdi phuc va phat trien, san lugng luong thue tang deu qua cac nam, den nam 1978 da dat tren 1 trieu tan luong thuc; gia tri san xuit nam 1978 tang gap 2 lan so vdi nam 1976 "Dd la con
sd ma trong lich sir san xuat ndng nghiep cua Lao trude nay chua bao gid cd"'^
De dua nudc Lao phat triln nhanh hon niia, dan boa nhip vao su phat trien cua khu vuc va the gidi, Dai hgi dai bilu toan qude lin
thii TV (1986) Dang Nhan dan Cach mang
Lao da de ra dudng ldi ddi mdi toan dien dat nude Ve ddi mdi kinh te - xa hdi, Dai hpi nhan manh: "Timg budc tien hanh cdng
Trang 2NHAN V A T - SU' KIEN
nghiep hda xa hdi chii nghia nham xay dung
thanh cdng co sd vat chat - ky thuat ciia ehii
nghia xa hdi, tien hanh eai tao xa hdi chii
nghia de xay dung quan he san xuat mdi xa
hdi chii nghia "^ Dudi anh sang ciia dudng
ldi ddi mdi, nen kinh te ciia Lao phat trien
manh tren tat ca cac linh vuc Nganh ndng
nghiep ciia Lao da tao duge budc dot pha ldn,
CO cau miia vu cd sir ehuyen bien tich cue
Nam 2003, dien tich vu chiem dat khoang
814.000 ba, hoa mau 278.900 ha, ray 126.600
ha, dien tich trdng cay cdng nghiep dai ngay
va ngan ngay nhu ea phe, che, sa nhan, thude
la, mia, lac, vimg khdng ngimg tang len
Cimg vdi ndng nghiep, eac nganh edng
nghiep ciia Lao eiing bat diu phat trien, chii yeu
la cdng nghiep khai thae, che bien gd va phat
trien thiiy dien Tuy mdi phat trien, nhung edng
nghiep dien lire la nganh then chdt, dem lai
ngudn thu dang ke eho dat nudc, khoang tren 40
trieu USD/nam Nhd viec phat trien mang ludi
dien tir Ludng Pha Bang den Xaynhabuly, tir
thuy dien sdng Ldt den Xieng Khoang nen
nhieu tinh trong toan qudc cua Lao da cd dien
sir dung thudng xuyen Hien nay, Chinh phu
Lao dang day manh viee xay dung nha may
thiiy dien Nam Thon II d huyen Na Cai, tinh
Kham Mudn, cd cdng suat 1.070 MW, cai tao
va nang cap nha may thiiy dien Nam Ngirm
de dap ung nhu eau san xuat ngay cang tang
Lao dang nam bat thai eo, tao nen nhung
budc dot pha, dang cd nhung tien de cho mdt
thdi ky tang tdc Tang trudng GDP nam 2007
dat 8%/nam, nam 2008 dat 7,9% Thu nhap
dau ngudi nam 2000 dat 298 USD ngudi/nam;
nam 2006 dat 546 USD/ngudi/nam; nam 2007
dat 678 USD/ngudi/nam; nam 2008 dat 841 USD/ngudi/nam
Nham tao sir dot pha cho nen kinh te, Lao
da md rdng viec hgp tac giao luu, thue day phat trien kinh te vdi nhieu nudc, dac biet la vdi Viet Nam Tinh den nam 2007, Viet Nam
da dau tu khoang 70 du an, tri gia khoang 516 trieu USD (rir 18 du an trong nam
1993-2000, len 52 du an nhirng nam 2001- 2007) Rieng nam 2006, kim ngach trao ddi thuang mai hai ben dat 260 trieu USD, tang 59%) so vdi nhirng nam trude, Hien nay, hai nudc dang phan dau de kim ngach thuong mai dat 1
ty dd la My vao nam 2010 va 2 ty dd la My vao nam 2015
Di ddi vdi phat trien kinh te, Lao day manh phat trien van hda - xa hdi, tao ra su hai hda trong phat trien Vdi chu truong coi giao due la diem mau chdt trong viec xay dung xa hdi Lao van minh hien dai, nganh giao due cua Lao da
cd budc tien dai Den nam 1980, sd bgc sinh cap I tang gap ddi, hgc sinh cap II tang gap 6 lan, hgc sinh cap III tang gap 11 lan so vdi nam hgc 1975- 1976; da cd 40 trudng dai hgc, cao dang, trung cap day nghe trong ca nudc He thdng giao due cua Lao hang nam da dao tao ra mdt sd lugng ldn can bd cd chuyen mdn phuc
vu sir nghiep xay dung va bao ve dat nudc Dac biet, de dao tao ra ngudn nhan luc cd chat lugng eao phue vu sir nghiep cdng nghiep hda, hien dai hda dit nude, ngoai sd tu dao tao duge, hang nam Lao cdn giri hang ngan hgc sinh, sinh vien
ra nudc ngoai hgc tap Rieng Viet Nam, phat huy mdi quan he giup dd truyen thdng, bang nhieu each khac nhau, mdi nam Viet Nam dao tao giiip Lao tir 500- 600 can bd cac cap Nhd
Trang 3dd, trinh do ciia can bd Lao khdng ngimg tang
len NIU nhu nam 1995, sd can bd cd trinh do
tren dai hgc cua Lao chi ed 0,45%, eao cap va
dai hgc la 15,16%, khdng cd tien si va phd tien
si, thi ehi trong vdng 11 nam (1995- 2006), Lao
da cd 275 tiln si, 2.017 phd tiln si; 13.833 thae
si, dai hgc; 14.905 cd trinh do cao cap ly luan
Vdi muc dich nang cao hen nua ddi sdng
vat chat va tmh than cho nhan dan, viec cham
sdc siic khde, xay dung mdi trudng, khdng
gian van hda mang dam tinh dan tdc ludn
dugc Dang, nha nudc Lao chii trgng Hang
nam, Lao tap trung xay dung, nang cap cac
benh vien tir Trung uong den dia phuong,
tien banh eai tao, nang cap eac co sd kham
ehira benh d tuyen dudi Sd can bd y te ludn
dugc bdi dudng nang cao nghiep vu chuyen
mdn Den nam 1980, sd can bd y te tang 20%)
so vdi nam 1976, cac co sd dieu tri tang 1,75
lan, sd giudng benh tang 1,8 lan Ben canh
dd, cac hoat ddng van hda xa hdi, the due the
thao ciia Lao ciing dugc day manh 0 hau het
cac ban lang, ngoai cac hoat ddng van hda
truyen thdng, viee xay dung ddi sdng van
hda mdi da dan xda bd dugc cac hii tuc lac
hau, me tin di doan trong ddi sdng nhan
dan, lam cho nhan dan ngay cang tin tudng
vao sir lanh dao eiia Dang, tir dd hg nhan
thirc dugc vai trd va trach nhiem eiia minh
trong viec xay dung mgt nudc Lao phdn
vinh, giau manh
2 Quoc phong - an ninh
Sau khi ket thuc 30 nam khang chien chdng
Phap va ehdng My, nhan dan eac bd tdc Lao
dugc sdng trong hda binh, tu do, nhung sir de
dga cua cac the lire thu dich d ca ben trong va
ben ngoai vin cdn rit ldn, bdi vay hon liic nao hit, " nhiem vu qudc phdng, an ninh van la nhiem vu hang diu va quan trgng sd mdt"^ Tim quan trgng eua qudc phdng, an ninh dugc Hdi nghi Trung uong 4 (Khda H, 2-1977) Dang Nhan dan each mang Lao khang dinh:
"Thudng xuyen nang cao canh giac, tang cudng lire lugng an ninh qudc phdng, bao ve ddc lap, thong nhit va che do mdi, nhanh chdng dua dit nudc tiln len ehii nghia xa hgi mgt each viing chac; tich cue gdp phan vao phong trao each mang va bao ve hda binh d Ddng Nam A va tren the gidi"l Tiep dd, Nghi quylt Dai hdi VI (3-1996) Dang Nhan dan Cach mang Lao nhan manh: " De lam ndng cdt cho su nghiep qude phdng toan dan, phai ehii trgng xay dimg va cimg cd Quan ddi nhan dan vl mgi mat, liy chat lugng lam chinh, xay dung thanh quan ddi each mang, ehinh quy va tung bude hien dai, ddng thdi ra siic xay dung
bg dgi dia phuong va dan quan du kich, coi trgng hon nua viec xay dung the tran qudc phdng nhan dan d co sd, gan vdi viec phat trien ndng thdn toan dien, ket hgp chat che edng tae qudc phdng - an ninh vdi phat trien kinhtl-xahdi"^
Quan triet dudng ldi lanh dao cua Dang Nhan dan Cach mang Lao ve xay dung nen qudc phdng toan dan virng manh, Quan dpi nhan dan Lao duge tang eudng xay dung cung cd ve mgi mat, khdng chi la ddi quan chien dau ma cdn la ddi quan cdng tac, san xuat gidi Sir trudng thanh va ldn manh ciia Quan ddi nhan dan Lao da gdp phan dap tan cac eugc bao loan, gay rdi ciia cac luc lugng phan ddng, danh tra cac hanh ddng vii trang
Trang 4NHAN VAT - SU'KIEN
khieu khieh, lan chiem bien gidi ciia ke thii, giir
viing ehii quyen va toan ven lanh thd Lao Dae
biet, trong qua trinh xay dung va phat trien,
Quan ddi nhan dan Lao ludn nhan dugc sir img
hd, giiip do ciia Quan ddi nhan dan Viet Nam
ve mgi mat, da ngan chan kip thdi cac eugc bao
loan d vimg nui Phu Bia, thugc tinh Xieng
Khoang (1977- 1978); dap tan eac cuge tin
cdng lan chiem ciia quan ddi nude ngoai vao ba
ban: Ban May, Ban Cang, Ban Xa, thude huyen
Pac Lai, tinh Xaynhabuly (5-1984); Bd Ten
(XaynhabuLy - cudi 1987, diu 1988) "Quan
ddi la lire lupng ndng edt trong viee thuc hien
dudng ldi bao ve Td qudc, bao ve an ninh toan
dan, toan dien ciia Dang Nhan dan Cach mang
Lao"^ Mdt trong nhiing " nhan td quan trgng
gdp phan lam eho lire lugng vii trang Lao ldn
manh, -virng chac va cd kha nang hoan thanh
nhiem vu cao ca la tinh doan ket dac biet, hgp
tae lien minh chien dau giii:a Quan ddi nhan dan
Lao vdi Quan ddi nhan dan Viet Nam, sir hgp
tac giiip do to ldn eua eac nudc be ban va eac
lire lugng tien bd the gidi"^ Vdi nhiing thanh
tich dat dugc, Quan ddi nhan dan Lao dugc
Dang, Nha nudc Lao hai lan tang thudng Huan
chuong Vang qudc gia - phan thudng eao quy
cua Dang va Nha nudc Lao
Song song vdi viec xay dung lire lugng
quan ddi, cimg cd nen qudc phdng toan dan
viing manh Dang, Nha nudc Lao ciing dac
biet quan tam tdi xay dimg lire lugng an ninh
nhan dan trong tinh hinh mdi Quan triet sau
sac Nghi quyet 51 Bd Chinh tri Trung uong
Dang Nhan dan Cach mang Lao (1981),
cdng tac xay dung eo sd chinh tri trong quan
chung nhan dan, xay dung mang ludi an ninh
CO sd dugc trien khai deu khap Luc lugng vii trang an ninh nhan dan dugc sir giup dd eiia quan chiing, phdi hgp vdi chinh quyen doan the cac cap da lan lugt phat hien, truy quet nhieu co sd phan ddng ngam, kip thdi phat hien va dap tan eac am muu gay bao loan ciia cac the lire thii dich, bao dam an ninh eho cac hdi nghi qudc gia, qudc te td ehire d Lao Dac biet, lire lugng vii trang an ninh eiia Lao da ngan chan va dap tan nhilu nhdm phan ddng tren dat Lao tim each chdng pha each mang Viet Nam, gdp phan ciing cd mdi quan be dac biet Lao - Viet
3 Quan he doi ngoai
Mdt trong nhiing yeu td gdp phan tao nen
su ldn manh ciia nudc Cdng hda dan chu nhan dan Lao la da lam tdt edng tac ddi ngoai Trong tinh hinh mdi, mac dii hoan canh ben trong va ben ngoai cd nhieu thay ddi Dang, Nha nudc Lao van xac dinh chinh sach ddi ngoai ciia minh la: "Tang cudng, ciing cd quan he tdt giira Lao vdi cac nudc trong the gidi thir ba Tiep tuc duy tri quan he ngoai giao va phat trien quan he thuong mai binh thudng vdi tat ea eac nudc, khdng phan biet che do chinh tri - xa hdi, tren co sd nam nguyen tic cimg tdn tai hda binh; tranh thii su ddng tinh va img hd ciia Chinh phu va nhan dan cae nude cd thien y mudn giup do Chinh phii va nhan dan Lao trong viec ban gan vet thuong chien tranh, khdi phuc va phat trien kinh te, van hda, khdng ngimg cai thien ddi sdng nhan dan Lao"'° Thuc hien chinh sach ddi ngoai nay, Lao da tranh thii dugc sir ddng tinh, iing hd ciia nhieu nudc tren the gidi, tan dung duge vdn, ky thuat vao phat trien dat
Trang 5nudc, tir dd tao ra ngay cang nhieu san pham
eho xa hdi Nam 1986, Lao tien hanh cdng
eugc ddi mdi, theo dd cdng tac ddi ngoai ciia
Lao ciing gat hai dugc nhieu thanh tuu
Khdng ehi tan dung nhiing lgi the do quan he
ddi ngoai mang lai vao viec phat trien dat
nudc, trong boat ddng thue tien, Lao da gdp
phan tich cue vao cac cdng viec eua qudc te
va khu vue, da td chiic thanh cdng nhieu hdi
nghi qudc te, tieu bieu nhu: Hdi nghi Bd
trudng khu vuc sdng Me Cdng - sdng Hang
vl hgp tac du Heb (10-11-2000); Hdi nghi ban
trdn ve tai trg cho nudc Lao lan thir 7
(21-11-2000); Hdi nghi Bd trudng Ngoai giao
ASEAN- Lien minh chau Au (11-12-2000);
Ngoai ra Lao cdn tham gia tich cue vao eae td
chirc hgp tac khu vuc nhu ASEAN, Tieu
viing Me Cdng md rdng (GMS); Tam giac
phat trien Campuchia - Lao - Viet Nam
(CLVDT); Hgp tae Campuchia Lao
Mianma Viet Nam (CLMV); Hdi nghi A
-Au (ASEM) Thang 11-2004, Nha nudc Lao
da cd nhiing ddng gdp quan trgng vao thanh
edng ciia Hdi nghi cap cao ASEAN X td chiic
tai Thii do Vieng Chan vdi viee thdng qua
Chuong trinh hdnh dgng Viing Chan (VAP)
va Hiep dinh khung ASEAN ve 11 linh vue
uu tien cho hdi nhap nham kien tao Cong
ddng kinh te ASEAN (AEC) nhu mgt khu
vuc tu do thuong mai vao nam 2020 Hien
nay, Lao da thiet lap quan he ngoai giao vdi
107 nudc va ed quan he thuang mai vdi 40
qudc gia tren the gidi
La ngudi ban lang gieng gan giii, ngudi ddng
chi than thiet ciia nhan dan Viet Nam, Lao da
khdng ngimg md rdng va day manh hgp tac
toan dien vdi Viet Nam Hiep udc Hiiu nghi va hgp tac toan dien dugc ky ngay 18-7-1977 giira hai nude la minh ehimg cho mdi quan he dac biet, thiiy chung cd mdt khdng hai nay Theo thdi gian, quan he hiiu nghi giira Lao va Viet Nam ngay cang phat trien manh ve ca chieu rdng lan chieu sau Nam 2001, hai ben ky Hiep dinh hgp tac 5 nam (2001- 2005) va Chien luge hgp tac kinh te, van hda, khoa hgc, ky thuat giai doan 2001-2010; thang 7-2001, ra Tuyen bd ehung neu dudng hudng cho mdi quan he dac biet Viet Nam- Lao nhan chuyen tham cua Tdng Bi thu Ndng Diic Manh De thiic diy viee hgp tac toan dien, nhung nam gan day hai ben thudng xuyen trao ddi cac doan dai bieu cap cao ciia hai nude, dae biet la chuyen tham hiiu nghi ehinh thiic Viet Nam ciia Tdng Bi thu, Chu tjch nudc Cdng boa dan chii nhan dan Lao Chummaly Xaynhaxdn tir ngay 19 den ngay 22-6-2006; chuyen tham hiru nghi chinh thiic Lao cua Tdng Bi thu Dang Cong san Viet Nam Ndng Diic Manh tir ngay 10 din ngay
13-10-2006 da md ra thdi ky mod trong mdi quan he giua hai nudc Hien nay, dl gdp phin thit chat bon niia mdi quan he truyen thdng vdn ed, hai ben dang phdi hgp bien soan edng trinh lich sir
Quan he dgc biet Viet Nam-Lao, Lao- Viet Nam
Trai qua 34 nam xay dung va phat trien, dudi sir lanh dao eiia Dang Nhan dan each mang Lao, dat nude Lao da gianh dugc nhieu thang lgi to ldn tren tit ca cac mat kinh tl, chinh tri, ngoai giao, van hda, xa hdi, qudc phdng va an ninh Thanh cdng dd khdng chi dua Lao ngay cang cd vi tri cao trong khu vuc
va the gidi, ma cdn gdp phan khdng nhd vao cuge dau tranh eua nhan dan thi gidi vi hda
Trang 6NHAN VAT - SU" KIEN
binh, ddc lap dan tdc, dan chu va chii nghia xa
hdi Trong nhung ngay thang lich sir nay, toan
Dang, toan quan va nhan dan cac bd tdc Lao
dang cd nhiing hanh ddng thiet thuc chao
mimg Qudc khanh lan thir 34 cua dan tdc
mmh Nhan dan Viet Nam ciing vui mimg
chao ddn ngay Qudc khanh ve vang va nhiing
thanh qua to ldn trong sir nghiep xay dung va
bao ve dat nudc Cdng hda dan chu nhan dan
Lao trong sudt 34 nam qua Trong the ky mdi,
vdi nhieu van hdi mdi nhung ciing khdng it
nhung khd khan, thach thiie, nhan dan hai
nudc Viet- Lao nguyen mang het siie minh vim
dap cho mdi quan he Viet- Lao mai mai xanh
tuoi, ddi ddi ben virng
1,2 3, 5 Ban Chi dao nghien cuu ly luan va thuc
tien Trung uong Dang Nhan dan Cach mang Lao:
Lich sir Ddng Nhdn ddn Cdch mang Lao, CTQG, H,
2005, tr.204, 206, 228, 197
4 Tong cue Chinh trj Quan dgi nhan dan Lao: Lich
sir Qudn doi nhdn ddn Lao, Vieng Chan, 1996, ban dich
tieng Viet, tr.250, Luu Vien Ljch su quan sir Viet Nam
6 Nghi quyet Dgi hoi dgi bieu todn quoc ldn thic
6 Ddng Nhdn ddn Cdch mgng Lao, in trong Lich sic
Qudn doi nhdn ddn Ldo, do Tong cue Chinh trj Quan
doi nhan dan Lao xuat ban nam 1996, ban djch tieng
Viet, tr.326, Luu Vien Ljch sir quan sir Viet Nam
7 Ng3y 20-1 -1949, Quan dgi Lio Ibiala dugc thanh lap
8 9 Bdn tin Thong tdn xd Viet Nam ngay 21
thang 5 nam 2005
10 Trin Cao Thanh: Cong hda ddn chii nhdn
ddn Ldo 20 nam xdy dung vd phdt trien, NXB
KHXH, H, 1995, tr.140-141
VE TEVH CHAT CUOC KHANG CHIEN
(Tiep theo trang 49
Chii tich Hd Chi Minh nhan manh, mudn thang quan dich, chi trdng cay vao siic ehien diu d tien phuong la chua du Mudn khang chien lau dai de di den thing lgi cudi ciing, can phai huy ddng mgi lire lugng; phai tien hanh khang ehien ve mgi mat: quan sir, kinh tl, ehinh tri, tu tudng (toan dien chien tranh) Luan diem "IGidng quan ddi nao, khi gjdi nao ed die danh nga dugc tinh thin hy sinh eua toan the mdt dan tdc" vira the hien y chi quyet tam sat da eiia toan the nhan dan Viet Nam, •vira ndi len siic manh tinh than to ldn ciia chien tranh nhan dan Viet Nam Dd la tinh thin, y ehi cua ca dan tdc tha hy sinh tat ca chii nhit dinh khdng chiu mit nudc, khdng chiu lam nd le Khdng hieu sau sac ban chit, sire manh eiia eon ngudi, khdng nhan thiic diing din vai trd quan ehiing nhan dan trong lich sir va khdng mdt Idng, mdt da hy sinh phan diu vi sir nghiep giai phdng con ngudi, dem lai cuge sdng tu
do, hanh phue thuc sir cho hg thi khdng the cd quan diem diy du va khoa hgc ve sire manh ciia nhan td chinh tri va tinh thin trong chien tranh Bdi vi, yeu
td ehinh tri tinh thin eua chien tranh nhan dan Viet Nam khdng tu nhien ma ed, ma nd duge hinh thanh va phat trien tren co sd che do chinh tri, kinh
tl ciia xa hdi mdi, he tu tudng chinh tri cua giai cap cdng nhan Viet Nam la chii nghia Mac-Lenin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh, dudng ldi each mang, dudng ldi khang ehien dung din ciia Dang, dugc bat ngudn tir ting sau va bl day eua truyen thdng yeu nudc, bit khuit, kien eudng, cdi ngudn lich sir, van hda, ciia dan tdc Viet Nam
1 Ho Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H, 2000, T.4, tr.78
2 Vo Nguyen Giap: Chien tranh nhdn ddn vd qudn
doi nhdn dan, ST, H, 1959, tr 101