EU dang theo dudi Chien lupc mdi ci'ta EU chu chdu Phi hudng tdi 3 muc tieu: Tang cudng boat ddng hd trg cua EU ebo nhung khu vuc uu tien; Tang mue hd trg tai chinh eho chiiu Phi vii[r]
Trang 1V A MOT SO N i r d C T H A N H V I E N
1 Cac CO' SO' cho ehinh saeh ho trg'
phat trien ciia EU
LL Dong tit nim Chdn Au ve Pluit
trien (European Consensus on
Development)
EU ludn di diiu trong xiec tham gia xiio
cac nd lire qude te nhiim niing cao hieu qua
vien trg thdng qua su phdi hgp xii hiii hda
hda tdt ban xdi eiic ca quan qude te xii eae
nhii till trg khiie trong hgp tiie pluit trien Su
tham gia miy duge dii} manh hon niia xdi
vice Hdi ddng Chiiu Au thdng qua xiin kien
"Ddng thuiin Chiiu Au ve Phiit trien" viio
thiing 12/2005
Cd the ndi hai hoii, dieu phdi vii Idng
ghep Iii mdi quan tiim cbii yeu cua EU (gdm
ciic qudc gia thanh vien va EC) EU dii di
tien phong trong viee de ra ciic chinh siieh
phiit trien, ke tir khi thuc hien Cdng ude
Lome diiu tien (1975) Han nua, theo Hiep
udc Lien minh Chiiu Au, cac qudc gia thanh
x'ien X'ii Uy ban bat budc phai cgng tiic vdi
nhau X'ii phdi hgp ciic boat ddng hgp tac phat
trien eung vdi nhieu viin de khiic Yeu ciiu
niiy ngiiy cimg quan trgng khi EU nui rdng,
ket nap lhem mudi nude thimh vien mdi
niim 2004 xii 2 nude thimh vien mdi nua
T r a n Thj Thanh Huyen
Vien Nghien ciiru Chiiu Au
niim 2007, nhijng nudc cQng boat dgng tich cue trong ITnh virc hgp tac phat trien
EU Cling la mdt thanh vien tieh cue trong xiiy dirng chuong trinh nghi sir qudc te nhiim nang cao hieu quii vien trg Trong qua trinh chuan bi Hdi nghi Monterrey, thimg 3/2002 Lidi ddng Chiiu Au da ddng y thuc hien nhung himh ddng eu the ve dieu phoi chinh siieh xii hiii boii hoii ciie tlui tue trudc
niim 2004 Sir cam kc{ niiy duge khiing dinh
them thdng qua mdt sd cam ket tuong tir trong Ddng thuan Monterrey Diip lai cam ket chinb trj dd, thiing 6 niim 2002, cac nudc thimh vien EU quyet dinh yeu cau EC trien khai nhung siing kien thi diem d bdn nude: Mardc Nicaragua, Mozambique vii Viet Nam
EU dii ap dimg nhung kinh nghiem thii duge tir nhung sang kien thi diem niiy de xiiy dung Ke hoach himh ddng ciia EU Ke hocich himh ddng nay dii dirge trinh bay tai Dien dan Clip cao Paris (Paris HLF) vao thiing hai/thang ba niim 2005 EU dii lieh cue tham gia Paris HLF vii lhdng qua Luyen
bd Paris x'e Llieu qua Vien trg Sau dd ngiiy 16/12/2005, Hdi ddng Cluiu Au dii phe
Trang 2iJdiiinij liu lien lioiiij eh inh sach 39
chuim ""Ddng ihuim Cbiiu Au ve Phiit trien"
Ddng thuiin dua ra eho EU mdt tiun nhin
ehung X'C gia tri mue lieu, nguyen tae vii
phuong tien eho phiit trien ddng thdi nhan
manh vien trg nhieu han xii tiim quan trgng
eua hieu quii viCui trg Ddng thuiin Chau Au
ve Phiit trien budc ciie qude gia thimh xien
EU vii Uy ban Chiiu Au cam ket dam bao
riing:
• Tilt ca die hd trg nimg eao nimg lue
ciin dugc thue bien thdng qua eae
chuang trinh duge dieu phdi vii tham gia
nhieu ban eua cac nhii tiii trg;
• 50%) su hd trg cua ciie nhii Uii trg se
duge thue hien thdng qua die he thdng
Chinh phu;
• Khdng Iiip them nhiing ban quan Iy
dir im mdi;
• Sd nhiem vu khdng dvxoc diC-u phdi
giiim 50%)
Ndi dung ehinh eua Ddng thuiin Cluiu
Au ve Pluit Irien the hien nhiing cam ket
numb me cua Lien minh Chim Au trong
cdng cude xda ddi giam ngheo, cung ciip
X'ien Irg nhieu ban xii hieu qua hon eung
nhu lluic diiy ehinh siieh gim ket pluit IrieMi
xiiy dung mgt the gidi bda binh xii cdng
bimg TuyC'ii bd bao gdm 2 ndi dung chinh:
• Ndi dung thir nhat tiip trung xiio
'"Tiim nhin pluit trien Lien minh Cliiiii Au"
Trong ndi dung mi}' Cdng ddng xii die nude
lhimh X ien dirire liirdim dim eu the trong eiic
boat ddng hgp Uie phiit trien tai Hit ea cac qudc gia dang phat trien
Vc'ri muc lieu vien Ircr nhii'ii hern vd lueJii ejiiei lum Lien minh Chau Au cam ket:
- Vdn X ien trg dat 0.7%o tdng ihu nhiip qude diin (GNl) den nam 2015 (0,56% xiio niim 2010 Iii mue tieu trung ban);
- 'Thue hien bd trg phat trien edng ddng
dn dinh hon;
- Thuc thi va giiim sat ciic cam ket ve hieu qua x ien trg;
- Timg bude uing cudng phuong thire
X ien trg ngim siieh timg cudng tinh tu ehu;
- Tiep lue xda ng x'ii timg cudng gian ng;
- 'Tiing eirimg phdi he7p x'ii hd trg liin nhau giiia Cdng ddng vii eiic qude gia thimh vien
77///C' dd\' Chinh sdch gdn kit phdi irii'ii: Nhiin manh den muc tieu hgp tiic
trong tiit Cli die chinh siich cd the tiic ddng den die nudc dang phiit trien va dam bao ning eac chinh sach niiy hd trg eho ciic muc tieu phat trien
• Ndi dung thu hai cua biin tuyen bd tap lrung phan anb Chinh siich Pluit trien cua Cdng ddng Chiiu Au
EC se sir dung die ciicb tiep eiin khiic nhau tren ea so lgi the so siinh eiing nhu nhu
dill eua die nude xii khu xuc () moi nude
TJv ban se liirdnu hoat ddiii; xien iro eua
Trang 3minh vao mdt sd ITnh x'ue uu tien Cd 9 ITnh
X'UC uu lien gdm: thuang mai x'ii hdi nhiip
khu vuc; mdi trudng x'a quan Iy ben x'lrng
cac ngudn tiii nguyen thien nhien; ea sa ha
tang, thdng tin lien lac x'ii giao thdng; nude
sach va nang lugng; phat trien ndng thdn, ke
hoach su dung dat ndng nghiep va an ninh
luang thire; quan ly, diin chu nhan quyen x'ii
hd trg ve mat kinh te va the che; eai each;
ngan ngua xung dot; phat trien nhan lire;
gan ket xa bdi va xiec liun
Trong tiit ca cae viin de tren, Cdng ddng
se uu tien 4 van de sau: (i) dim chu quan ly
tdt, nhan quyen quyen tre em; (ii) binh diing
gidi; (iii) mdi trudng ben vii'ng; va (ix')
chdng dai dieh HIV/AIDS
Tiep sau vice thdng qua "Ddng thuiin
Chau Au vi3 Pbiit trien" thang 4.2006 Hdi
ddng Chiiu Au vii ciic qude gia thimh vien
da thiio luiin eiic bude cu the ve eiieh thirc de
td chirc tdt ho'ii vice pbiin cdng lao ddng
giua bg vdi nhau
1.2 Gdn ket chinh sdch vi phdt triSn
(Policy Coherence fur Develupment)
Hd trg tai ehinh mdt each rieng re chua
du de giiip eiic nude dang phat tri§n dat
dirge cac Mue tieu Thien nien ky (MDG)
Sir thire hien eac ehinh sach phi vien trg
cung gdp pluln quan trgng x'iio viec dat dugc
die muc tieu nay Viee thue thi hieu qua sir
gan ket chinh siich ciia cac qudc gia phat
trien se giup eac qudc gia dang phiit triSn
tien giin han tdi Mue tieu Thien nien ky
li'cn ea sd dd, EU dua ra 12 linh vuc chinh
sach ed anh hudng tdi thuc hien ciic Muc tieu Thien nien ky gdm: thuang mai moi tnrdng, thay ddi khi hiiu, an ninh, ndng nghiep, ngir nghiep khia canh xii hdi cua toim cau hda, xiec liun xii thiit nghiep di cu nghien ciru xii ddi mdi edng nghe, xii hgi thdng tin giao thdng vii ming lugng
Trong ITnh virc thuong mai, EU cam ket dam bao phat trien biii bda va tiie ddng ben x'lrng EL' tiep tiie eai thien He thdng uu diii thue quan phd dip (GSP) nhiim thiic diiy hang hda eua die nude dang phiit trien xuiit khiiu vao EU EU tiep ti^ic giin k8t thuang mai vdi eac chien luge phat trien va ho trg die nude dang phat trien thue hien ciii ciich trong nudc
Ve ITnh virc mdi trudng, EU ho trg cac nude dang phiit trien thue thi Lliep dinh Moi trudng da phuang (MEAs) EU eung tii^p tuc tang cudng cae sang kiSn vii chinh sach lien quan den mdi trudng vi ngudi ngheo
Ve van de thay ddi khi hau, EU tiep tuc khang dinh ciic earn ket ddi vdi Hiep dinh Kyoto vii quyet tiim phiit triiin ehien lugc trung han va diii ban nhiim ddi phd vdi nhung thay ddi khi hau
Ve an ninh EU coi an ninh xii phiil trien lit ciic ITnh vuc bd sung eho nhau, xdi muc dich ehung lii tao ra mdi trudng an loan vii pha vd x'dng Iiuin quiin ddi ngheo, chien tranh mdi tnrdng suy thoiii, thiit bai cua ca che chinh trj, xa hdi xii kinh t l EU thuc ddy die chinb siich hd trg quan ly hieu quii ngan
Trang 4iiUiniui lin lien Iromj chinli sacli 41
ngira xung dot vii uing cudng kiem soat xuiit
khiiu X u khi
Ve ndng nghiep, EU tiep tuc nd lire
giiim thieu miic do chech budng thuang mai
liC-n quan tdi die phuang thuc bd trg eiia EU
ddi vdi ITnh vire ndng nghiep, vii tao dieu
kien phiU trien ndng nghiep cho cac nude
dang phiit trien
Ve thiiy siin, EU tiep tuc chu y den phat
trien die muc tieu cua eiie nucic ky ket hiep
dinh song phuang ve thuy san vdi Cdng
ddng EU da ban himh chinb siich mdi vc
Hiep djnh ddi tiic 'Thuy siin vdi cac nude thii
3 (bat dau dugc thuc thi tir luiin 2003) nhiun
khai thiie bcMi vii'ng ngudn thuy sim cua ciic
qude gia duyOn biii eung nhu diim biio Igi
ich hai ben
Ve khia canh xii hdi eua toim ciiu hda,
vice liun vii thiit nghiep, EU tich cue day
manh khia canh xii hdi eua toiin eiiu hda,
giiun thieu thiit nghiep nham diim biio Igi ich
Idn nhiit eho tiit cii mgi ngudi ca nam gidi
vii phu nir
Ve di cu, EU thire hien die boat d(ing
nhiun liing cudng sir hd trg Lin nhau giiia di
eu vii phiit trien, bien di eu lhimh mgt }eu td
tich cue eua phiil trien
Ve nghien ciru x'ii ddi mdi cdng nghe,
EU tiing cudng liC'n ket ciie muc tieu phat
trien vdi ciie chinh siieh ddi mdi edng nghe
vii liep tue ho trg ciie nude dang pbiit trien
ming cao ming lire trong Ihih x'lrc miy EU
ho trg ciic nd lire Uuin eiui, khu x'lrc vii qude
gia trong linh x ire nghien cuu phat trie'ii diip
img nhu ciiu cua ngudi ngheo lrong linh virc chiim sdc sire khoe bao gdm phdng ngira x a chua tri HlV/AlDS; trong ITnh x'uc ndng nghiep; quan Iy mdi trudng va uii nguyen thien nhien; nSng lugng dac biet Li niing lugng tiii tao
Ve xa bdi thdng tin, EU nit ngiin khoang each ky thuiit sd bang ciich khai thiic tiem niing cua cdng nghe thdng tin x a truyen thdng nhu mot cdng cu phat tricMi xii Iii mgt ngudn lire quan trgng nhiim dat Muc tieu TbicMi nien ky
Ve giao thdng, EL! tieh cue giiii qu}'et cac nhu ciiu diic biel cua eiie qude gia dang phiu trien biet iiip xii a vimg dii}'en hiii biing ciich giiii quyet ciie viin de ve phuong thire,
an ninh xii an toim nhiim dat tdi mdt mang ludi ket ndi
Trong xiin de ming lugng r,U cam ket manh me diip img nhu cim eua die nudc dang phiit trien bimg ciich Uing cudng kha ming tiep ciin ciie ngudn nimg lugng ben xiing hd trg ket ndi die mang ludi vii ca sd
ha timg niing lugng
'TrCui CO sa khudn khd ehien luge ca ban neu tren hiing niim, EU de ra ciie khudn khd eii the cho boat ddng vien trg pluit trien
ehinh lhue eua minh nhu: '/i//? lrung cho chdu Phi Chinh sdch Ldng gieng Chdu Au, Hii'u cpia vien Ire/, Muc lii'U Thien nien ky
2 Uu tien theo khu vuc dja Iy
Chinb siich hd trg phiit trien eua Lien minh Cluiu Au khdng phai lit mdt eh.inh siieh
don le mil duoc idng gh.ep tnmg eh.inh siich
Trang 5ddi ngoai cua EU vdi cac qudc gia vii eiie
khu X'UC Do vay xiec nghien ciiu cac uu
tien trong chinb sach hd trg phat trien cua
EU cho ciic khu vuc ciin dugc xem xet trong
tdng the cae ehinh sach ddi ngoai eua EU
ddi vdi die khu vuc nay
2.7 Khu vuc Tdy Bancdng
Cae nudc trong khu vuc Tii}' Bancang
dang thuc hien cac nd krc tham gia x'ao qua
trinh hdi nhiip EU De xiic tien quii trinh
nay EU da dua ra cac cam ket phdi hgp vdi
cac qude gia thude khu x'uc nay nham dat
dugc dn dinh xii thinh xirgng ehung lrong
khu vuc 'Tien trinh dn dinh xii lien ket xii
Chiro'ng trinh nghi sir 'Thessaloniki hi co sa
cho die ke hoach himh ddng eu the Ndi
dung ehinh trong chuong trinh nghi sir
'Thessaloniki lhdng qua thiing 3/2003 de ciip
den die x im de x'c luong lai eua khu x'ue Liiy
Banding xii eiie cam ket hd Irg eua EU cho
ciie nd lire eua eiie qude gia trong khu x'uc
niiy nhiun eung ed diin ehu, dn dinh x'a thiie
day phiit trien kinh te
Tien trinh dn dinh xii lien ket niim 1999
dli diinh mdt dau mdc quan trgng trong quan
he hgp tiic phiit trien giiia hai khu x'lre
(Stabilisation and Association Process
-SAP) Muc tieu cua SAP la nham giiip cac
nude budng Igi hoim tat qua trinh cbuyin
ddi sang nen kinh te thi trudng, tiSp can cac
lieu chuim cluiu Au x'li timg eirdng hgp tiie
khu X Lie nhiun gia nhiip EU
Niim 2001, EU dii dc ra Chuang trinh
hd trg 'Tiii thiet, Pluit trien vii On dinh eua
Cdng Ddng (Community Assistance for Reconstruction Dexelopment and Stabilisation programme - CARDS) va day duge eoi la edng cu tiii chinh chu x'eu cua
EU trong quan be vdi die nudc hudng Igi SAP CARDS d(2 ra ke hoach ho trg kiu dai cua EU tai Tiiy Bancang vdi muc tieu giiip eac nude nay ciii ciich va xiiy dicing the ehe Trong giai doan 2002 - 2006 thdng qua chuong trinh CARDS, EU dii diinh khoan ho trg 5,4 ty Euro ebo khu vire niiy
Tii' thang 1/2007, EU thue hien ho trg tiii chinb cho Tiiy Baneiing vii Thd NliT Ky thdng qua Cdng eu Hd trg lien gia nhiip (Instrumenl Tor PreAecession Assistance -IPA), thay cho chuang trinh CARDS va cac edng eu hd trg trudc diiy IPA bao gom 5 ndi dung chinh: hd trg chuyen ddi va xay dung the che; hgp tiic xuyen bien gidi; phat trien khu vuc; phat trien nguon nhim lire va phiu triC'n ndng thdn
Hien nay, EU la nbii tiii trg phat triln chinh thirc ldn nbSt tai khu vuc Tay Bancang vdi sd ngim sach phan bd eho IPA giai doan 2007-2009 Iii 41 18.9 trieu Euro
2.2 Dung An vd Trung A
Hien nay, trong ehinh siieh phiit triSn ciia EU ddi vdi khu vue Ddng Au vii Trung
A, Chinh siich Liing gieng Chim Au vii cae hiep dinh hgp tac vii ddi tiie (Partnership and Cooperation Agreement - PCA) duge coi lii khudn khd ebo mdi quan be cua EU xdi die qude gia thude khu x'i,rc niiy
Trang 6iJCIiniuj lin lien leoiii/ chinh such 43
Chinb sach Lang gieng Chau Au
(European Neighbourhood Policy - ENP)
dugc xa}' dung vdi mue dich that chat mdi
quan be giua die qudc gia thanh xien EU
xdi cac nude limg gieng ciing nbu thiic day
thinh x'ugng dn dinh vii an ninh d bien gidi
chiiu Au Nhii'ng thiicb thue diit ra ddi vdi
cac qudc gia lang gieng nhu ngheo ddi, thiit
nghiep, tham nhung quan ly yeu kem vii
chien tranh cung chinb la mdi quan tiim cua
EU Thdng qua Chinh siich Limg gieng
Chau Au, EU hd trg va khuyen khich cac
qude gia Ling gieng thiic diiy thinh virgng,
dn dinh va an ninh trong khu vuc vi Igi ich
hai ben
Ve hiep dinh hgp tiic vii ddi tiic, den
nay EU dii ky 9 hiep dinh hgp tae vii ddi tiic
vdi die qudc gia Ddng Au vii Trung A vti'i
mue dicTi timg cudng dim chu vii phiU trien
kinh te, chuyen ddi sang nen kinh le thi
trudng, khuyen khich thuang mai va diiu tu
thdng qua hgp tiie tren dien rdng va ddi
thoai chinh trj khu vue De thuc hien muc
tieu nay tir niim 1991, EU da de xuiit xii tien
himh Chuong trinh Hd trg ky thuiit cho
Cgng ddng cac qudc gia doe lap (Technical
Assistance in Commonxvealth of
Independent States - TACIS) Diiy la sang
kien cua EU nham muc dich hd trg cae qudc
gia Ddng Au vii Trung A chuyen ddi sang
nen kinh te thj trudng cai each the che, hd
trg khu vuc tu nhan, bd trg giai quyet hiiu
qua ve mat xii hdi do chux'en ddi kinh te giiy
ra 1 luit trien ca sd ba timg, bao x'c mdi
trirdng xii pluit triC'ii ndng thdn Trong giai
doan diiu thi.re hien chuong trinh tu
1991-1999 EU da hd trg 4.2 \x Euro; giai doan
2000-2006 lii 3.1 ty Euro
Tir nam 2007 Cdng cu Lang gieng x'ii Ddi tac Chau Au (European Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument - ENPl) da thay the cho TACIS trong khudn khd dieu chmh die hoat ddng bd trg phat trien cho ciie qude gia Ddng Au va Trung A Trong ke hoach ngan sach ENPl giai doan 2007-2013, EU
du kien dimh khoang 12 ty Euro cho ciic boat ddng hd trg phiit trien d cac qude gia ddi tac
2.3 Dia Trung Hdi
Dja Trung liai ki khu x'ue ed tiim quan trgng mang tinh dia ehien lugc ddi x'di EU, khdng ehi x'c linh vue kinh te (thuong mai,
nimg lugng, di dim), nui ca xc chinh tri (an
ninh, dn dinh) 'I ren co sa dd, EU coi diiy Iii mdt khu x'lre uu tien trong chinh siieh ddi ngoai xii hgp tac phiit trien eua minh
Cho den nay, cung vdi Tliep dinh Lien ket EU Dia Trung Hai (Euro -Mediterranean Association Agreements), Quan be Ddi tac Chiiu Au - Dia 'Trung llai (Euro - Mediterranean Partnership - EMP) dugc coi la khudn khd chinh dieu ehinh quan he hgp tae giUa hai ben trong eiie ITnh vuc kinh te chinh tri vii xii hdi Muc lieu cua EU trong EMP lii nham hd trg ciie qude
gia khu X'UC hinh thiinh mdt khu xuc hoa
binh va dn dinh ehung thdng qua tang eirdng ddi thoai an ninh x'ii chinh trj; thiet liip mdt khdi thinh x ugng chung thdng qua hgp tiic
Trang 7kinh te x'ii tiii chinh, tien tdi hinh thimh khu
vuc miiu dieh tu do dn dinh xiio niim 2010;
thuc diiy quan he ddi tac x'e van hda xa hdi
va con ngudi nham tiing cudng hieu biet Ian
nhau giua eac nen viin hda xii die td chirc xa
bdi diin su
Tren thue te trong khi mue lieu dugc
nhan manh la tao thi trudng ndi khdi EU
-Dja Trung Llai, thi vim cd mue tieu ngiim Iii
dat duge sir anh hudng cua EU lai khu vi.re
nay De dat ciie muc tieu ciia EMP, EU dii
lap ra chuo'ng trinh tiii trg MEDA Diiy Li
edng cu tiii chinh chu }'eu cua EU trong thue
hien eiie boat ddng hd trg tai chinh x'a ky
thuiit nham ciii ciich kinh te x'ii xa hdi d cac
qudc gia Dja Trung Hiii Thdng qua chuong
trinh miy, EU dii cam ket dimh 4,7 tx' Euro
cho giai doan 1995-1999 xii 5,4 Euro cho
giai doan 2000-2006, ccmg vdi 7,4 ty Euro
eua Ngiin himg Diiu tu Chiiu Au Uii trg cho
diiu tu
Thang 1/2007, Cdng eu Lang gieng va
Ddi tiie Cluiu Au (the European
Neighbourhood and Partnership Instrument
-ENPl) ra ddi, thay thi eho MEDA Thdng
qua ENPl, EU hudng nhung uu tien ciia
minh vao 4 ITnh vue chinh: hgp tac an ninh
vii chinh trj; hgp tac kinh te xii hdi bin
virng; giiio due va van- hda; di dan Ddng
lhdi, EU eung da cam ket diinh 343,3 trieu
Euro trong giai doan 2007-2010 nhim thuc
hien ciie nuie tieu tren
2.4 Cdc quuc gia thiiuc chdu Phi, Caribe vd Thdi Binh duvng
Quan he hgp tac phat trien giua chiiu
Au X'a die qude gia chiiu Phi Li mdi quan he diic biet, ed be diiy lieh sir Hien nay, quan
be hgp tae phiit trien eua hai chim lue dugc dieu ehinh bdi Thda thuan x'c quan he doi tac ACP - EU duge ky ket tai Cotonou vao thang 6/2000 Hiep dinh Cotonou dugc ciic nudc EU - 15 ky ket vdi 77 nude dang phai trien, trong dd cd 48 nude chim Phi Tliep dinh nay bao gdm ciie ITnh vuc: Cung co mdi quan he chinh tri giua die nudc chiiu Phi, vimg Caribe vii khu vue Thiii Binh duang (ACP); Giiim va eudi cung la xoa ngheo trong pham vi cae muc tieu dii ky ket tai cae hdi nghj qudc te; Dua cac nude ACP bdi nhiip nhanh ban viio nin kinh tl va thuong mai toim can; Tiing eirdng siin xu5t
cai thien mdi trudng, thu hut dKu tu, dam
biio cac nguyen tiie cua WTO Hiep dinh nay du djnh se mien giiim thue cho eiic san phiim cita cac nude ACP tilp can vao thi tru'dng chiiu Au, tien tdi xda bd dan cac loai thue vao eudi nam 2007, phii hgp vdi cac nguyen tiic chung ciia tiln trinh tu do hda thuang mai toim cau EU dii dimh mdt khoiin Uii chinh khoang 25,7 tx' Euro de thue hien hiep dinh nay trong giai doan 2000 - 2007 Hien nay EU dang Iii nha ho trg phiit triln Idn nhat cho cae qudc gia ehau Phi chiim tdi 60%) tdng so vien trg ODA mil eluiu Phi nhim duac
Trang 8(iUiiinq lin lien Iroiu/ chinh sach 45
Hien nay EU dang theo dudi Chien
lupc mdi ci'ta EU chu chdu Phi hudng tdi 3
muc tieu: Tang cudng boat ddng hd trg cua
EU ebo nhung khu vuc uu tien; Tang mue
hd trg tai chinh eho chiiu Phi vii thuc hien
chinh siieh giiip chiiu Phi tiep can EU mdt
ciich hieu qua ban; Giup ciic qude gia chau
Phi dat dugc ciic muc tieu phat trien thien
nien ky mil Lien hgp qudc de ra
Cac boat ddng vien trg phat trien chinh
thuc cua EU tai chau Phi tiip trung chu yeu
viio hai ITnh vue eu the:
+ Xod ddi gidm ngheo, cdi cdch kinh le;
+ Lid Ire/ cdc nirirc chdu Phi gidi cptyit,
ngdn chdn xung dot, cdi ciich chinh tri,
ehdng Icii dcji dich AIDS vd phdt Irien gido
ditc
Thimg 6/2005, Hdi ddng Cluiu Au dii
dua ra cam ket vien trg diiy tham vgng LU
cam ket timg lugng vdn ODA Ien mirc
0,56% GNI vito mim 2010 vii mim 2015 se
dat 0.7%) GNI 'Theo ciic cam ket miy den
nam 2010, trdc tinh nu'ii niim EU se diinh
them 20 ty Euro cho boat ddng xien trg
ODA va den mini 2015, eon sd niiy se ki 46
ty Euro mdi mim EU cung ddng y dimh cho
chau Phi it nbiit 50%o trong lugng xdn vien
trg cam ket timg them Neu cam ket duge
thuc bien dung, dieu dd cd nghia Iii den mim
2015, EU se chi them mdl khoan 23 ty Euro
mdi mim eho ebiui Phi
2.5 Cdc quuc gia chdu A
Mue tieu ehinh trong quan be A - Au ki
tang clrd'n^ an ninh xii dn dinh nham ddi phd
vdi nhirng ngu}' ca diU ra ddi xdi EU xa toim the gidi, cung nhu thiie diiy phat trien ben vu'ng "Chien lugc Chiiu A mdi" mim 1991 dugc eoi Iii nen mdng chien luge cho quan
he hgp tac phat trien giua hai chiiu lue Thdng qua chien luge niiy EU mudn thiie diiy quan he ddi tiie vdi chiiu A, tiing cudng
su hien dien kinh te vii chinh tri tai khu vuc can biing tdt ban cac yen td kinh te ehinh tri viin hda xii xii hdi cung nhu phdi hgp giUa hai chau Lie trong giiii qu}'et ciic thiich thirc va co hdi cua toim ciiu hda tren co sd ddi tiic binh diing
Hien nay EU ehicMn khoiing 30% tdng X'ien trg phiil trien ehinh thire eua the gidi cho cluiu A chi dimg sau Nhiit Ban Vdi tu eiieh Li nhii xien trg ldn llui 2 o' eluiu lue miy die boat ddng vien trg cua LX' chu yeu tiip lrung nhiim hd trg cho ciic simg kien vi hda binh, xda ddi giam ngheo giiii quyel die ngu}'en nhan ea biin cua ddi ngheo, thiic day diin chii, tdn lrgng nhan quyen, quan ly tdt xii nha nude phiip quyen tai die qude gia dang phat trien
Nam 2007, EU da dua ra Vim kien Chien lugc chau A giai doan 2007-2013 vii
Ke hoach giai doan 2007-2010 tiip trung vao 3 ITnh vuc uu tien sau:
* Hd trg hdi nhiip khu xuc lhdng qua
Hdi nghi Thugng dinh A-Au (ASEM) Hiep hdi die qudc gia Ddng Nam A (ASEAN), Dien dim khu vue A S L : A N (.ART) vii I Igp tiic khu vue Nam A (SAARC);
Trang 9* Hgp tae ehinh saeh va thue day hieu
biet lan nhau trong eac ITnh vue: mdi trudng
nang lugng vii thay ddi khi hau thdng qua
tieu dimg va san xuat ben x'ung; bd trg diio
tao vii nghien eiru; hgp tac xuyen bien gidi
ve die van de y te va ddng vat;
* Hd trg ngudi ngheo thiic day nhiin
quyen vii diin ehu, binh dang gidi, quan Iy
tdt quyen tre em, va irng phd x'di dai dich
AIDS
Trong giai doan 2007-2013 EU danh
klioan hd trg phat trien 5,187 ty Euro de
giup ehau A thuc hien cac muc tieu neu tren,
trong dd 81%o la dimh cho boat ddng ho trg
phat trien d ciie qudc gia do'n le, 16%o dimh
eho hd trg d dip vimg x'ii 3%o du tru
2.6 Cdc quuc gia My La tinh
Vdi tu ciich la ddi tiic kinh te va ehinh
tri quan trgng trong khu vue, hien EU la nha
dau tu va ddi tac thuang mai Idn thir hai,
ddng thdi la nbii vien trg phat trien Idn nhdt
cho khu vuc nay Trung binh moi nam, EU
danh khoang 500 trieu Euro cho cae hoat
ddng vien trg d nhieu ITnh vue khiic nhau
Trong Ke hoach Vien trg giai doan
2007-2013, EU dir kiln dimh 2,690 ty Euro
cho die qudc gia thude My Latinh Theo dd,
5 ITnh virc dugc EU uu tien trong kliudn khd
Cdng cu Hgp tac Phat triln (Development
Cooperation Instrument - DCI) gdm:
* Thiic ddy gdn kit xu hdi: Chong
ngheo ddi, biit binh dang va phan biet ddi xir
trong xa hdi 'Timg cudng gdn kit xii hdi
duge xem la each thirc chdng lai ddi ngheo bat binh dang va thiic day hdi nhiip xii hgi thdng qua xiec ket hgp ciie yeu td tang trirdng kinh te, tao nhieu cdng an viee lam, cdng bang va doan ket
* Hd Ircr hap tdc kinh te vd hdi nhdp khu vuc la ITnh vue quan trgng dang dugc
EU hd trg tieh cue thdng qua cae hiep dinh thuong mai tu do va lien ket Lidi nhap khu vuc mdt each sau rdng se thiie day diiu tu va tang trudng kinh te Tuy nhien, dieu nay lai phu thudc rat nhieu vao hdi nhap giira cdc tieu vimg trong khu vue, ca sd ha tang, va mang Iirdi lien ket trong eiic ITnh vuc giao thdng van tai, nudc sach, nang lugng Hien nay, Ngan himg Phat trien Chiiu Au dang ho trg die khoim vay nham giiip khu vuc cung
cd va phiit trien mang lirdi nay
* Tdng cirdng quan ly Idt vd hao ve nhdn quyen EU thuc ddy quan he hgp tac,
tang cudng sir tham gia cua cdng dan va cac
td chuc xa hgi dan sy vao ddi sdng chinh tn
* Xdy dimg mot khu vuc chung cd trinh
do gido diic tdt hem giiru EU vd My Latinh
thdng qua cac chuang trinh trao ddi giira cac tru'dng dai hgc ciia hai chau luc
* Phdt trien bein virng hao ve rirng vd
da dgng sinh hi/c nhdm dam bao thjnh
vu'gng lau dai tren toan khu x'uc EU hien dang day manh hgp tac va ddi thoai ve vdn
de phat trien ben vung, dac biet chii trgng den cac van de thay ddi khi hau nang lugng, nudc sach, da dang sinh hgc va rirng
Trang 10(Hhi'iinj lin lien Iroiuf chinh sach 47
' 3 Uu tien trong hoat dong vien trg
i phat trien chinh thiic ciia EU theo linh
3.L Ddn chii vd nhdn quyen
Cung cd nen dan chu va nhii nude phap
quyen, tdn trgng nhan quyen va cac quyen
tir do ca ban la nhung uu tien chinh trong
chinh sach phat trien va hgp tac tai chinh,
kinh te cua EU Hudng iru tien niiy the hien
ro trong tat ca cac hiep dinh lien ket ma EU
' da ky cung nhu trong cac cugc ddi thoai cap
' qudc gia ciing nhu khu vuc va cac chuang
trinh hgp tac cii the
I
, Sang kien Chiiu Au ve Dan chii va
Nhan quyen (European Initiative for
Democracy and Human Rights - EIDHR)
(1999) la mgt trong nhiing cdng cu tiii chinh
hd trg thiic day nhan quyen va dim chit tren
the gidi Vdi ngan sach mdi mim khoang
100 trieu Euro nhiim bd trg cho ciic td chirc
xa hdi dan su cd lien quan den ciie boat
dgng nhan quyen vii thiic day quii trinh dan
chu hda, EIDHR uu tien hd trg cac boat
dgng thuc day dan chu, quan ly tdt, nha
nudc phap quyen, dau tranh ddi xda an tir
hinh, tra tan, phan biet chiing tdc, bai ngoai
va ky thi ngudi ban dia vii thieu sd
Trong Trien vgng Tai chinh 2007-2013,
cudi niim 2006, Nghi vien Chiiu Au da
thdng qua quy che mdi thiet lap mdt cdng cu
liii chinh dac biet vdi ngiin siich bd trg 1.104
ty Euro Cdng cu thuc day Dan chii va Nhiin
quyIn ciia Chau Au (EIDHR) (European
Instrument for Democracy and Human
Rights) ra ddi thay the cho EIDHR trong boat ddng tbiic day dan ehu xii nhiin quyen Qua dd, EU hudng tdi hd trg cac muc muc tieu CLi the sau:
• Thiic day tdn trgng nhan qu}'en va die quyen tir do ca ban, day manh x'ii tang cirdng dan chu va cai each dan chu d ciic nude the gidi thir 3, hd trg cac td chirc bao
ve nhan quyen vii nan nhan ciia cac cugc dim ap, thiic day boat ddng xa hdi dan sir trong ITnh vuc nhan quyen va dan chu;
• Hd trg va day manh ciic khudn khd khu vuc va qudc te trong ITnh vuc dim ehu
va nhan quyen;
• Xiiy dung long tin ddi vdi quii trinh biiu cir bang each tang cudng do tin eiiy, giam sat qua trinh bd phii^u vii hd trg cac td chirc xa hdi diin su cd lien quan den qua trinh bd phieu
3.2 Phdt triHn con ngudi vd xd hpi
Trong ITnh vuc nay, EU hudng ciic hoat ddng hd trg vao ciic viin de cu the Iii y te, giiio diic, that nghiep va gan ket xa hdi
Ve y ta, EU uu lien hd trg tai chinh cho
cac boat ddng nham ddi phd vdi cac benh dich do ddi ngheo gay ra EU hien dang tien hanh hd trg bd sung cho Quy Toiin cau chdng benh AIDS, lao va sdt ret nhiim tao dieu kien cho cac nudc dang phiit trien, diic biet tai chau Phi Ben,canh dd, EU cimg danh nhung khoan hd trg cho ciic viin de sire khde tinh due, sire khoe sinh san, vii phiit trien ngudn lire trong ngimh }' te eua cite nude dang phiit trien