Nhim lao didu kien de ddng bio cac D'lTS tham gia vio quin ly nha nude, quyet dinh vin dd kinh le - xi hgi cd lien quan den lgi ich ciia hg, Nha nude cd nhidu chfnh sich quan trong d[r]
Trang 1NGHIEN CCrU - TRAO DOI
VE DAN TOC THIEU SO
TS NGUYEN THE QUYEN
dnude ta hien nay, khdi dai doin ket
dan tgc rgng rii vi ben viing dugc
hinh thinh tren nhidu ca sd khic
nhau; trong dd, quan diem ciia Dang ve
van de dan tgc thieu sd (DTTS) giir vai trd
dac biet quan trgng Quan diem dd d i dugc
the che hda thinh eic chfnh sich cu the
ciia Nhi nude ve DTTS Nhd viec thuc thi
cd hieu qui nhirng chfnh saeh niy tren
thuc le, ddi sdng ve mgi mat ciia cac DTFS
nude ta din din dugc nang cao, gdp phan
ciing cd long lin ciia nhan dan vio cgng
eugc ddi mdi mi Ding la da khdi xudng,
thit chat them linh doin ket gin bd giua
cae din tgc trong cong eugc kien thiet vi
bao ve Td qude XHCN
1 Chinh saeh kinh tc ddi vd'i d i n (oe
thieu so
Nhi nude da ban hinh nhieu chfnh sich
khic nhau nhim hd trg ve vdn, khoa hge ki
thuat , de ddng bio cic DTTS cd dieu
kien phit trien kinh le, nang cao ddi sdng
ciia minh
Trudc hdt, Nhi nude cho ddng bio
DTTS dac biet khd khan vay vdn de phit
trien sin xuit Mdi hg gia dinh dugc vay
khong qui 5 trieu ddng Khi vay vdn,
khdng phii diing lii sin de bio dim va
dugc midn mgi le phi hinh ehinh Thdi han
vay vdn do Ngan hing Chinh sich xa hgi
quy dinh eu the theo muc dich sii' dung vdn
vay, khi nang tri ng ciia hg vay vdn Neu
den han tri ng, mi hg vay vin thuge dien
hg dac biet khd khan vi ed nhu cau tiep luc
sir dung vdn vay thi Ngin hing Chinh sich
xa hgi quyet dinh viec gia han ng Viec
vay vdn khong phai chiu lai suit Trong
trudng hgp bat kha khang nhu thien tai, hoa hoan, dich benh m i hg vay vdn khong tra dugc ng thi UBND xa lip bien bin xie nhin giri Ngan hing Chfnh sieh
xa hgi huyen Ngin hing Chfnh saeh xa hgi huyen cd nhiem vu tdng hgp bio eao UBND huyen phe duyet de giri Ngin hing Chfnh sich xa hgi linh tdng hgp trinh UBND linh xem xet, quyet dinh xda ng cho hg vay vdn Ben canh dd, Nhi nude hd trg ngudn vdn xiy dung cic cong trinh nude saeh sinh hoat eho ddng bio DTl'S
Mat Id, ho trg binh quin 1 trieu ddng/hg de
xay dung be chiia nude hoae dio gieng
nude vi tu tao ngudn nude sinh hoat; hai
Id, diu tu xiy dung nhiing cong trinh nude
sinh hoat lap trung d cic thon, bin bing kinh phi nha nude Ddng thdi, Nhi nude cdn cd nhieu chfnh sich hd trg khie ddi vai ddng bao DTTS, nhu hd trg diu hda thip sing (d nhung nai chua cd dien ludi) vdi miic tien tuong duang vdi 5 lit diu hda/nam cho mgi hg gia dinh; trg ci'p gao ddi vai ddng bio DTFS lai chd d mien nui trdng rirng thay the nuang riy; ghi ng le phi trudc ba nhi d, dit d ddi vdi hg gia dinh D'FFS d T'iy Nguyen; cho hg ddng bao D'lTS tai chg d cic tinh 'Fiy Nguyen mua tri cham nhi d; hd trg mua bio hiem
y le cho ngudi ngheo 130.000 ddng/ngudi/ nam
2 Chinh siich diit dai, nha (V ddi vdi
dan tgc thieu sd
De tao didu kien "an cu, lac nghiep'" cho ddng bao D'FFS, Nhi nude cd chfnh
TrUdng Dgi hoc Thadng mgi
Trang 2NGHIEN Cl^U - TRAO DOI
saeh hd trg dit sin xua't, dat d
Ve ddt sdn xuat, Nhi nude hd trg true
tiep ddi vdi mdi hg can cii theo miic binh
quan chung va tiiy thuoc vao khi nang quy
da't hien edn ciia dia phuang, nhung tdi
thieu li 0,25 ha dit rugng liia nude mgt vu;
0,15 ha dil rugng liia nude hai vu; 0,5 ha
dai nuong, riy hoae 0,5 ha dat nudi trdng
thiiy sin Ddi vdi nhiing hg gia dinh da ed
dat sin xuii nhung chua dii theo dinh miic
niy thi Nhi nude hd trg phin dil cdn
thieu; neu cd nhu ciu nhan khoin bio ve
hoae trdng rirng thi dugc Nhi nude giao
khoin bio ve rirng hoae giao dai de trdng
rirng tuong iing vai phin dit sin xuat thieu
so vdi dinh miic quy dinh (dinh mirc dien
lich giao khoin bio ve rirng cho hg gia
dinh tdi da khong qui 30 ha/hg; dien tfch
dai giao trdng rirng ldi da khong qui 5
ha/hg)
Ve ddt a, hd trg cae hg ddng bio DTTS
ngheo chua cd dat d bing cich giao cho
chfnh quyen dia phuang eic ci'p lao quy
dai cip cho cic hg gia dinh niy lim nhi d
Ddi vdi cic hg ddng bao DTTS ngheo
tai cho chua cd nha d hoae cd nhi d lam
bg, dgt nil thi Nhi nude hd trg (neu d vting
khd khan li 7 trieu ddng/hg) de lim nhi d
Cic dia phuong cd the ho trg them vi huy
dgng su giiip da ciia cgng ddng dc cic hg
gia dinh lim nhi d Ddi vai cic dia phuong
cd rung vi ed ke hoach khai thie go hing
nam da duge cap cd thim quyen phe duyet
thi UBND cap linh dugc khai thie gd theo
quy dinh ciia phip luat de hd trg ddng bao
lim nhi d, vdi mii'c gd hd trg cu the do
UBND cap linh quyet dinh Cic hg gia
dinh ddng bio DTTS cd nhu ciu dugc vay
tin dung ciia Ngan hing Chfnh sich xa hgi
de lim nhi d Miic vay ldi da li 8 trieu
ddng/hg vdi lai suit vay 3%/nam 'Fhdi han
vay la 10 nam Cic hg gia dinh cd the true
tie'p vay hoae thong qua cic id chiic chfnh
trj - xa hgi dugc Ngin hing Chfnh saeh xa
hgi iiy thie Rieng ddi vai eic hg gia dinh
ddng bio D'FTS tai chd d cac tinh Lim
Ddng, Dik Lik, Gia Lai, Kon Tum cd khd khan ve nhi d thi dugc mua nhi d tri cham bing hien vat Thdi han tri ng tdi da li 10 nam, thdi gian an han li 5 nam Thuc hien tri ng bit diu lir nam thii 6 ke lir thdi diem mua, miic tri ng (ci gdc vi lai) tdi thieu hing nam bing 20% tdng sd lien ng Ngudi vay phii ed hg khiu thudng trii lai dia phuang, cd don xin mua nha d, cam ket tra ng diing han, duge chinh quydn xa xac nhan thi dugc mua tri cham bing hien vat mgt can nhi vai gii tri ldi da khong qui 7 trieu ddng vdi lai suit tri chim li 3%/nam Phin gii tri can nhi ldn hon 7 trieu ddng thi chii hg phii tri phin chenh lech Khi chua tri het ng, ngudi mua khgng dugc bin, cim cd can nhi niy
3 Chinh saeh dmh canh, djnh cu ddi vol dan toe thieu sd
Ddi voi mgt sd DTFS du canh du cu li lap quin khd bd Dieu dd, vira inh hudng rat ldn den ddi sdng eiia hg, vira gay cin trd khong nhd trong viec thuc hien chinh sieh ciia Nhi nude ddi voi DTTS
De giiip ddng bio DTTS yen tam ve tinh than vi dn dinh cugc sdng d nai eu trii mdi, Nhi nude diu tu cic cdng trinh ea sd
ha ting thiet yeu, nhu dien, dudng, trudng, tram tai nhirng khu dinh eanh, dinh cu lap trung 'Fai nhung noi niy, Nhi nude edn hd trg eho cin bg y te va cin bg khuyen ngng, lam vai miic hd trg tuong duong mirc luong bac mgt cua ngach cin
bg, cgng chue (CB,CC), trong thai gian 3 nam, ke tir khi cic hg dan vd diem dinh eanh, dinh cu mdi: ddng thdi, cdn hd trg kinh phi ap dung khoa hge ki thuat, gidng mdi dua vio sin xuai trong 3 nam diu, mdi nam 30 trieu ddng/thdn, bin
Neu viec dinh canh, dinh cu dugc lien hinh xen ghep thi Nhi nude hd trg cho ngin sich xa 20 trieu ddng/hg, de sir dung vao viec bdi ihutmg dai d, dat san xuai eho
hg dan sd lai bi thu hdi giao eho hg dinh canh, dinh cu theo che do quy dinh, phin cdn lai sir dung de dau tu, ning ci'p ca sd
Trang 3NGHIEN CLfU - TRAO DOI
ha ting thiet yeu ciia xa
Nhi nude cung hd trg true tiep ddi vdi
mdi hg du eanh, du cu thuc hien dinh canh,
dinh cu vdi mirc 15 trieu ddng de lam nhi
d, phit trien sin xuii mua luang thuc 6
thing diu tfnh lir khi den diem dinh canh,
dinh cu Mdi hg gia dinh dinh canh, dinh
cu xen ghep, dugc Nhi nude hd trg I trieu
ddng dd lao nen nhi Ngoii ra, cic hg gia
dinh dinh canh, dinh eu cdn duge hd trg
tien di chuydn tu noi d cu den nai dinh
canh, dinh cu
4 Chinh saeh lao don^ viec iam doi
vdi dan tgc thieu su
Nhim tao viec lim va thu nhip dn dinh
cho ddng bio cic DTFS, Nhi nude da thuc
hien nhieu chfnh sich quan trgng
Thu nhdt, Nhi nude giao rirng, khoin
bio ve rirng cho hg gia dinh vi cgng ddng
trong budn ling li ddng bao DTFS Do
phin ldn ddng bio cic DTTS sinh sdng d
mien nui nen chinh sieh niy cd vai trd
quan trgng, vira tao ra thu nhip hgp phip
cho ngudi lao dgng, vira gdp phin quan
trgng vio viec trdng vi bio ve rii'ng 'Fuy
nhien, do chua cd kinh nghiem trong viec
niy nen hien lai Nhi nude mdi chi thuc
hien thi diem d cic tinh 'Fay Nguyen
Thu hai, Nhi nude hd trg ddng bio cic
DTFS chuydn ddi nginh nghe Neu ngudi
lao dgng cd nhu ciu hge nghe de chuydn
ddi nginh nghd thi duge Nhi nude ho trg
tdi da 3 trieu ddng/ngudi Miic hd trg cu
thd ddi vdi tirng ngudi tiiy thuge vio mirc
hge phi, nginh nghe vi thdi gian hge thuc
le ciia ngudi lao dgng Trong irudng hgp
ngudi lao dgng khong cd nhu ciu hge nghe
hoae ngudi lao dgng d i dugc hd trg hge
nghe de ehuyen ddi nganh nghe vi khi hge
xong cd nhu ciu ve vdn dd mua sam nong
cu, miy mdc lim dich vu cho cic hg sin
xuat nong nghiep hoae vdn de lim cie
nginh nghe khic thi mdi hg gia dinh dugc
Nhi nude hd trg 3 trieu ddng; ddng thai
cung dugc vay vdn lin dung tdi da khong
qua 10 trieu ddng trong thdi gian 3 nam vi
khong phii chiu lai suat Ngoii ra, ngudi lao dgng chuydn ddi nginh nghd cdn cd the dugc chinh quydn dia phuang hd trg them tiiy theo khi nang ciia dia phuong
Thuba, Nha nude hd tig ngudi lao dgng
li DTFS di lao dgng d nude ngoii
Mudn cd nhiing didu kien cin thiet de
di lao dgng d nude ngoai, ngudi lao dgng phii hge nghd, hge tieng Khi di hge, duoc Nhi nude hd trg nhu ddi vdi ngudi chuye'n ddi nginh nghe Ngoai ra, mdi ngudi lao dgng cdn dugc vay vdn tin dung tdi da 30 trieu ddng Miic vay vi thdi gian vay cu the tiiy thuoc vio nhu cau vi khi nang thuc
tc ciia tiing ngudi lao dgng
Thu tu, nhim khuyen khich cic doanh
nghiep diu tu tao viec lim, Nha nude cd ehinh sich hd trg doanh nghiep sir dung lao dgng li ngudi D'FTS Rieng ddi vdi cac cong ly nong nghiep, lam nghiep, ban quan ly rii'ng phdng hg, rirng dae dung, cac hgp tic xa dugc giao nhiem vu id chirc cho cic hg ddng bio DTFS sin xuii se dugc ngan sich trung uong hd trg binh quin 10 trieu ddng/ha dd khai hoang, lam dudng giao thdng dau lu ludi dien, xiy dung cong trinh thiiy lgi nhd
5 C^hinh saeh can bg ddi vdi dan tgc thieu so
Nhim lao didu kien de ddng bio cac D'lTS tham gia vio quin ly nha nude, quyet dinh vin dd kinh le - xi hgi cd lien quan den lgi ich ciia hg, Nha nude cd nhidu chfnh sich quan trong ddi vdi can bg
li ngudi DTFS
Mgt Id, Nhi nude quy dinh ve co cau
dai bieu Qude hgi vi Hgi ddng nhin dan cac ci'p li ngudi IJFFS de cac dan tgc deu
cd ngudi dai dien ciia minh trong ea quan quyen luc nha nude, qua dd cd the ndi len tieng ndi ciia dan tgc minh vi true tiep tham gia quyet dinh nhu'ng vi'n dd quan trgng ciia dat nude va d tirng dia phuang Nhd dd, li le vi so lugng dai bidu Qude hgi
vi Hgi ddng nhin din cac cip li ngui^ii DTFS ngiv cang tang Cu thd li le va sd
Trang 4NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO DOI
lugng dd trong Qude hgi cic khda d nude
ta nhu sau: khda II, 16,5% (60/362); khda
V, 16,7% (71/424); khda X 17,3%
(78/450); khda XI, 17,3% (86/498) C^ Hgi
ddng nhan din cic cap nhiem ki
1999-2004, ti le dai bieu li ngudi cic DTFS d
ci'p tinh 14%, cap huyen 17%, cap xa
19%
Hai la, chfnh sich dio tao, bdi duang
(DTBD) CB,CC ci'p xa li ngudi DTFS
Cd hai ddi tugng la ngudi DTFS cin
dugc DT,BD: Mgt la, nhirng CB,CC duang
nhiem d xa; hai la, nhiing ddi tugng li
ngudn CB,CC xa Can xuat phit tir dac
diem ciia tung nhdm ddi tugng de xac dinh
ngi dung DT,BD cho phii hgp
Ddi tugng thii nhat dugc chia thinh ba
nhdm, vdi nhu'ng ngi dung DT,BD khong
gidng nhau
- Nhiing CB,CC dang giir cic chiic danh
chii chdt dudi 45 tudi, can dugc dio tao,
dio tao bd sung kien thii'c ve ly luin chfnh
tri, quin ly hinh chinh nhi nude, chuyen
mon, nghiep vu tuong iing voi trinh do tieu
chuin eiia tirng chiic danh cu the
- Nhu'ng CB,CC tu 45 tudi trd len mi
khong giir cac chirc danh chii chdt, ein
dugc bdi duang kien thiic ve ly luan chfnh
tri, quin ly hanh chfnh nha nude, chuyen
mon, nghiep vu phii hgp vai nhiem vu ciia
timg chiic danh cu the
- Nhirng CB,CC dudi 35 ludi, chua tdt
nghiep trung hge ca sd hoae trung hge phd
thong, cin duge dio lao van hoa cho de cd
trinh dg tdt nghiep trung hge phd thong,
gin vdi dio tao ehuyen mon nghiep vu, ly
luin chfnh tri
Rieng kl nang tin hge van phdng cin
dugc xac dinh li ngi dung bdi duang ddi
vdi loin bg CB,CC xa li ngudi DTTS
Ddi tugng thii hai dugc chia thinh hai
nhdm
- Nhu'ng ngudi trong quy hoach, dudi
30 ludi da hoin thinh nghla vu trong cic
lire lugng vu trang, thanh nien xung phong
hoae d nhirng xa ehua cd ngudi lim CB,CC
xi, cin duge dio lao van hoi gan vdi dio tao ehuyen mon, nghiep vu ly luan chinh tri theo lieu chuin chiic danh eu ihd de chuin bi bd sung, thay the cho cin bg, cong chiie xa
- Nhirng ngudi trong quy hoach, li hge sinh mdi loi nghiep trung hge chuyen nghiep, cao ding, dai hge chua ed viec lim, cu trii tai dia phuang, cin dugc bdi duong cic kien thiic cdn thieu theo tieu chuin chire danh cu the de chuin bi bd sung, thay the cho CB,CC xa
Ba la, de giiip CB,CC cap xa li ngudi
DTFS nang cao trinh do chuyen mdn, trinh
do quin ly, Nha nude cd ehinh sich tang cudng nang lue eiia dgi ngu cin bg la ngudi Kinh Ve sd lugng, Nhi nude tang cudng CB,CC d ca quan cip tinh, cap huyen ve cac huyen, xa trgng diem viing ddng bio DTFS 'Fhdi han luan ehuyen CB,CC tir 3 den 5 nam Vd chit lugng Nhi nude ed chinh sich D'FBD tieng D'FFS ddi vai CB,CC cong tic d viiiig DTFS Nhiem
vu niy dugc xie dinh li rat quan trgng vi bat buge ddi vai mgi CB,CC cong tic d viing dan tgc, mien mii
6 Chinh saeh van hda - \a hoi ddi vdi dan toe thieu sd
Ve van hda - xa hgi, Nhi nude da trie'n khai thue thi khi nhieu chinh saeh ddi vdi DTPS Nhi nude diy manh vice thuc hien chfnh sich tang eudng ngudn luc cho van hda - thdng tin d mien mii, viing D'FFS bing nhidu cich thire khic nhau, nhu tang miic dau tu ngin sich nhi nude, xa hgi hda hoat dgng van hda - thong tin, md rgng sir hgp tic qude te , ,, ,
Cic CO quan nhi nude cd trich nhiem thuc hien tdt cong tie thong lin luyen truyen bing nhieu hinh thiic phong phii vi
da dang, nhu phit trien cie dgi chieu bdng, dgi luyen truyen van hda luu dgng; xay dung eic tram van hda - thdng lin d cic trung tam cum xa mien nui; id chiic cic
(Xem tiep trang 25)
Trang 5sich, phip luat vi giii trinh ly do tiep thu
hay khong tiep thu y kien ddng gdp dd de
khic phue tinh trang hinh thiic, chieu le
trong viee lay y kien tham gia Co quan
thim dinh phai kiem tra viec lay y kien ciia
cie ddi tugng chiu tic dgng ciia van bin vi
miic do, ket qui tiep thu, chfnh ly ciia co
quan soan thao Dim bao quy trinh,
nguyen tic lim viec dan chii, binh ding,
phat huy nang lire ciia cic thinh vien ban
soan thio
- Nhi nude ban hinh vi bd sung phip
luit de Mat Iran Td quo'c vi cac doan the
nhan dan thuc hien tdt vai trd giim sit vi
phin bien xa hgi Ning cao chit lugng vi
hieu qua phin bien xa hgi ddi vdi viec xiy
dung chfnh sich, phap luit
- Tang cudng su phdi hgp giira cic co
quan nhi nude vi cic hgi, TCPCP trong
viec xay dung chfnh sich, phip luat; quy
dinh rd trich nhiem chia se thong tin ciia
cac CO quan nhi nude ddi vdi cac hgi
^;; r ::<:
NGHIEN CllfU - TRAO DOI
TCPCP trong viec soan thio cic van bin quy pham phap luit
Da dang hda cic chii the sing kien phip luat va thanh phin tham gia cic ban soan thio, lao didu kien cho dai dien ciia eic hgi, TCPCP tham gia Cic dai dien ciia cic
id chiic tham gia ban soan thao phii cd trich nhiem the hien ro quan diem ciia td ehuc minh, ddng thdi, cic td chiic cd dai dien phai lao didu kien huy dgng trf tue ciia hgi vien cung tham gia
- Ning cao nang luc tham gia xay dung
vi hoin thien chfnh sich, phip luat cua cic hgi, TCPCP; trong dd, chii y viec tang cudng sir tham gia ciia cic hgi vien, thinh vien, gin bd hgi vien, thinh vien vdi td chiic vi cic hoat dgng ciia hgi; thiet thuc dip ling quyen lgi ciia hgi vien
- Tao didu kien cap kinh phi de cic dai bieu Qude hgi, cic vien nghien ciiu, hgi, hiep hgi chii tri vi tham gia soan thio cic
du in chfnh sich, phip lualG
(Tidp theo trang 13)
cugc thi sing tic van hge, nghe thuat, bio
chi ve de tii mien mii, DTFS; tang thdi
lugng vi ngi dung phin inh ddi sdng thuc
tidn cita ddng bio DTTS tren dii phit
thanh vi truyen hinh dia phuang de phuc
vu ddng bio DTTS
Ben canh dd, nhim khich le vi tao dieu
kien giiip dd ddi vdi con em cic DTTS,
Nha nude thuc hien chfnh sich cap hge
bdng ddi vdi hge sinh, sinh vien li ngudi
DTTS; lien hanh day nghe ddi vai hge sinh
DTTS hge d cic trudng din tgc ngi trii
Ddng thai, Nhi nude cung thuc thi
chfnh sich ci'p phit mgt so loai bio, tap
chi cho viing dan tgc thieu sd, nhu "Nhi
dong mdng non " cua bao Nhi ddng; bio
"Nong thon ngiy nay" cua Hgi Nong dan Viet Nam, bio "Van hda" ciia Bg Thgng tin vi Truyen thong
Hien nay, Nhi nude da vi dang tao mgi dieu kien thuin lgi de xiic lien td chirc Dai hgi dai bieu cic DTTS Viet Nam Dieu dd ciing the hien rd net chinh sich ciia Nhi nude ddi vdi ddng bio cic DTTS d nude la Nhu vay, chfnh sich ciia Nhi nude ve D'FTS cd rit nhieu ngi dung phong phii, thiet thuc, nhd dd di lao ra khdi doin ket din tgc rgng rii vi ben viing, li nen ting can bin ciia xa hgi nude ta Tuy nhien, de khong ngirng ning cao ddi sdng ve mgi mat ciia cic DTFS d nude la, Nhi nude cung cin tiep tuc nghien ciiu de sira ddi, bd sung cic chinh sich dd cho phii hgp vdi thuc tidn tinh hinh cich mang hien nayQ