Sir ra ddi ciia hdnh lang kinh te Ddng-Tay tao dieu kien cho cac nudc trong khu vuc tieu viing sdng Me Kdng md rdng (GMS) gdm: Ldo, Thai Lan, Mianma va Viet Nam tang cudng hon nira q[r]
Trang 1NHIN [M QUA TRINH HO^ TAG CUA CAC NUlDTC N A M TRONG
HANH LANG KINH TE DONG TAY (1998-2009)
NGUYEN VAN TiUr
N G U Y I N HOANG H U T
Jhe ky 21 todn cau hod tiep tue phat
trien sau rdng va tdc ddng tdi tdt ca
cac nude Cac qude gia Idn nhd dang tham
gia ngay cang tich cue vdo qua trinh hdi
nhap qude te Hod binh, hgp tac vd phat trien
van la xu the Idn, phan anh ddi hdi hire xiic
cua cac qude gia, dan tdc trong qua trinh
phdt trien
Trong qua trinh hdi nhap, xu the khu vuc
hoa va lien ket tieu viing dugc md ra nhu la
sir bd sung va thich irng vdi xu the toan cau
hod Sir phdn vinh ciia cd khu vuc se la nen
tang eho sir phat trien eua mdi nudc rieng
biet Vdi cac dac diem dia chinh tri, dia kinh
te, hgp tac tieu viing lam gidm di nhirng dac
dilm di biet cua mdi nudc va gdp phan tang
cudng phdi hgp chinh sach, lien ket kinh te
giiia cac nude.'"
Trong xu the mdi ciia bdi cdnh hdi nhap
va phat trien, quan he hgp tac song phuong
va da phuang trong khu vuc khdng chi diing
lai d pham vi giira edc qude gia md cdn dien
ra giiia cac viing, cac dia phuang Co che
hgp tdc neu tren Id co sd ciia viec hinh thanh
tuyin hdnh lang kinh te Ddng - Tdy
(East-West Economic Corridor - EWEC), mdt
trong nhiing hien thuc hda ciia Chuong trinh
Pho giao su, Tien sT, Dai hoc Khoa hpc Hue
Dai hpc Phu Xuan Hue
'" Nguyin TrSn Qug (chu bien) (2007), Hap tdc phdt trien
tieu vitng Me Cong md rong hien tgi va tuang lai, Vien
KHXHVN - Vien kinh te va chinh trj thg giai, NXB
KHXH, HaNoi, tr.20
hgp tac Tieu vimg sdng Me Kdng md rdng vdi chien luge tang cudng lien ket thdng qua hdi nhap da nganh, thiic ddy tang trudng kinh te, phat trien ben virng, tao dieu kien cho thuang mai xuyen bien gidi vd ddu tu, xda ddi giam ngheo, nang cao ddi sdng nhan dan Iuu vuc sdng Me Kdng Sang kien EWEC dugc thdng nhat nam 1998 tai Hdi nghi Bd trudng GMS lan thii tdm
Hanh lang kinh te Ddng Tdy Id tuyen hanh lang dai 1450 km, di qua 4 nudc, bat dau tir thanh phd cang Mawlamyine (bang Mon) den ciia khau Myawaddy (bang Kayin) d bien gidi Mianma - Thdi Lan Ci, Thai Lan, bat dau tir Mae Sot, chay qua 7 tinh: Tak, Sukhothai, Kalasin, Phitsanulok, Khon Kaen, Yasothon va Mukdahan Cl Lao, chay tir tinh Savannakhet din cira khdu Dansavanh va d Viet Nam, chay tir cua khdu Lao Bao qua cac tinh thdnh Quang Tri, Hul
vd Da Nang.'^' Trong pham vi bdi vilt ndy, chiing tdi tap trung vao 2 van de co ban Id nhiing kit qua dat dugc cua qua trinh hgp tdc trong EWEC
va de xuat mdt sd gidi phdp nhdm ndng cao hieu qua hgp tac giua cdc nudc vd cdc dia phuang thuoc EWEC
\ Qua trinh phat triin ciia hanh lang
kinh te Dong Tay
'^' Nguyin Hoang Giap, Mai Hoai Anh (2008;, Quan diim
vd doi sdch cua Viet Nam ve Hdnh lang kinh ti Donp
-ray, Nghien ciiu Dong Nam A, so 11, tri 3
Trang 2Nghien citu khoa hgc
Sir ra ddi ciia hdnh lang kinh te Ddng-Tay
tao dieu kien cho cac nudc trong khu vuc
tieu viing sdng Me Kdng md rdng (GMS)
gdm: Ldo, Thai Lan, Mianma va Viet Nam
tang cudng hon nira quan he hgp tac kinh te
nhdm thiic day giao Iuu thuang mai, dau tu
va phat trien giiia cac nude, gidm chi phi Iuu
thdng hang hda, hdnh khach trong khu vuc
hdnh lang vd tao dieu kien cho viec Iuu
thdng dugc thuan Igi vd hieu qua, gdp phan
giam ngheo, hd trg phat trien khu vuc dgc
bien gidi va edc viing ndng thdn, tang thu
nhap cho cdc hd thu nhap thap, cung cap
viec lam eho phu nir va phat trien du lich
Them vdo dd, hanh lang kinh te Ddng Tay
cung se gdp phdn hd trg phdt trien cdng
-ndng nghiep vd du lich
Qua qua trinh phat trien hon 10 nam, hgp
tac trong EWEC da dat dugc mdt sd ket qua
rat dang ghi nhan dugc the hien tren cac ITnh
vuc sau:
1.1 Hgp tdc tren Imh viec ddu tic
Trong giai doan dau phat trien eua
EWEC, hai ddi tdc chinh dau tu vao khu vuc
nay la ADB va Nhat Ban Vdi su hd trg tai
chinh ky thuat ciia hai ddi tac nay, cac hang
muc Idn tren tuyen hanh lang la ham dudng
bd xuyen Deo Hai Van vd cau hiru nghi 2
ndi Savannkhet ciia Lao vdi Mukdahan eua
Thai Lan da hodn thanh, gdp phdn mang lai
nhieu thay ddi kinh te xa hdi cho khu vuc
ADB vd Nhat Ban da ddu tu tren todn
tuyen EWEC ndi cdc qude gia va diem eudi
eua EWEC la cac cang bien Viet Nam Tdng
kinh phi ddu tu khoang 11-12 ti USD
(2003-2012P
Ve ndng nghiep, da cd cac du an ve cung
cap nguyen vat lieu thd tir Lao vd Mianma
cung cap eho viec che bien d Thai Lan va du
an che bien thuy sdn d Mawlamyine, Mianma
San xuat cdng nghiep khdng phai la boat ddng kinh te chii yeu cua hanh lang Ddng Tdy Hau het edc ngdnh cdng nghiep deu lien quan den ndng nghiep, hoac la ngdnh cdng nghiep nhe dua tren viec khai thac tai nguyen thien nhien vd bd tri gdn khu dan cu Thai Lan ed nen cdng nghiep phat trien nhat, boat ddng sdn xudt tap trung vdo nganh cdng nghiep che bien gd, may mac, luyen kim mau Lao phat trien cac nganh det may, thiet bi dien do cd Igi the dugc hudng uu dai theo he thdng uu dai phd cap (GSP), theo
dd cac nhd xudt khau hang det may ciia Lao khdng phai chiu han ngach khi xudt hdng sang thi trudng EU, la nudc cd ngudn tai nguyen phong phii va dang ke nhat O Viet Nam, cac tinh mien Trung nam tren tuyen hanh lang kinh te Ddng Tay cd nen cdng nghiep phat trien cham hon so vdi cdc viing khac trong ca nude vdi edc ngdnh chinh nhu may mac, che bien hdi sdn, xi mang Trong
dd Da Nang cd nen cdng nghiep phdt trien nhdt, chiem 5% GDP cdng nghiep toan qude'**'
Viec hinh thanh cac cum cdng nghiep va cac khu cdng nghiep ddc biet da dugc de xudt de phat trien ddu tu tu nhdn d hanh lang, cu the Id d Myawaddy (Mianma), Mae Sot vd Mukdahan (Thdi Lan), Savan-Seno vd Dansavanh (Ldo), Lao Bao, Phii Bai, Lien Chieu vd Hda Khanh Mdt nghien ciiu nham lam hai hod cac chinh sach quan ly khu cdng nghiep vd hgp ly hda cac khu cdng nghiep ciing can dugc dua ra, va nghien ciiu nay duoc Thai Lan thuc hien vi ho cd kinh
(3)
http://www.quangtri.gov.vn/ (4) http://www.danang.gov.vn/
Trang 3Nghien citu khoajioc^
nghiem trong viec phat trien cac khu cdng
nghiep
Sir phat trien cua he thdng giao thdng
EWEC cd tac ddng thuc day dang,ke sir
phat trien kinh te trong khu vuc Vdi sir hoan
thanh ciia cdy cau quoc te Me Kdng thii hai,
CO sd ha tang ca ban eua hdnh lang kinh te
Ddng Tay da dap irng nhu edu hau can vd
phat trien kinh te eua khu vuc ddng thdi
giam chi phi van chuyen Viec dau tu cho
CO sd ha tang, khau quan ly vd phat trien
ngudn nhan luc ciia nganh du lich ciing la
mdt uu tien chinh cua bdn nude EWEC do
nganh nay ddng gdp dang ke vao thu nhap
qude dan cua cac nudc tren Ddi vdi du
khach thap phuang, hanh lang nay qua la
mdt diem den quan trgng vdi nhiing danh
lam thang canh dgc dao EWEC la khu vuc
gidu ve tai nguyen thien nhien, van hod va
lich sir vdi tiem nang to Idn de phdt trien du
lich Hanh lang nay la viing ddt ciia hai Di
san The gidi da dugc Uy ban Giao due, khoa
hgc vd van hod Lien hiep qude (UNESCO)
cdng nhan la Hue d mien Trung Viet Nam
va Sukhothai d mien Bde Thai Lan vd tir day
du khach cd the di tham hai di sdn the gidi
liln kl khac dd la My Son vd Hdi An d Viet
Nam Ciing vdi sir phdt trien eua du lich, cac
khu cdng nghiep vd cdc nganh nghe khde,
viec ddu tu, phat triln cdc dich vu vien
thdng, cdng nghe thdng tin ciing nhu cung
cdp linh kien, thilt bi lien lac di ddng, ket
ndi Internet d khu vuc ndy ciing dang dugc
cde nha ddu tu quan tdm do thi trudng d khu
vuc tuy cdn so khai nhung tiem nang phat
trien Idn
Hdi nghi quan chiic cap cao EWEC Idn
thir ba da thdng qua sang kiln xiic tien
EWEC nhdm tang cudng nhdn thiic v l tilm
nang, co hdi ddu tu, phat triln thuang mai vd
du lich ciia EWEC
Mdt trong nhiing nd lire nhdm thuc hien sang kien tren, Chinh phu Viet Nam da trien khai td chirc mdt loat cac boat ddng vdi ten ggi "Tudn ll EWEC 2007" tai Thdnh phd Dd Nang, Viet Nam tir ngay 27/8 den 01/9/2007
Tuan le EWEC 2007 la mdt trong nhiing sir kien xuc tien dau tu dau tien trong hdng loat cac boat ddng quang ba-xue tien dau tu khac trong tuong lai ve hanh lang kinh te nay Ndi dung chuong trinh Tudn le EWEC
2007 rat phong phii, da dang, trong do cd cac cugc lam viec cua Phd Thii tudng kiem Bo trudng Ngoai giao Viet Nam Pham Gia Khiem vdi cac trudng doan cac nude thanh vien EWEC ciing cac tinh trudng cde tinh nam trong hanh lang nay; hdi chg qude te EWEC; dien dan Ddu tu - Thuong mai - Du lich EWEC ciing cdc chuong trinh van nghe cua nudc chu nha Viet Nam vd chuong trinh giao Iuu van hda - van nghe giira cac nudc thanh vien EWEC Cac nha to chirc ciing da
td chiic mdt dodn caravan vdi hdnh trinh di dgc tuyen EWEC
Trong tuan le hanh lang kinh t l Ddng Tdy
da dien ra Dien ddn dau tu - thuong mai - du lich EWEC Ddy Id boat ddng trgng tam ciia tuan le, dugc Bd Ngoai giao td chiic chu ddo vdi sir tham du cua hon 400 dai bilu vd 22 tham ludn ciia trudng dodn edc nude EWEC, dai dien cdc Bd, nganh ciia Viet Nam, dai dien cdc tinh dgc hanh lang, tinh Vdn Nam
vd tinh Quang Tdy (Trung Qude), cac nhd tai trg chinh (JBIC, ADB, Chinh phii Nhat Bdn)
vd cdng ddng doanh nghiep.<^>
'^' So ngoai vu Da Nlng (2007), Bao cao t6ng k6t tuin ll Hanh lang kinh tl Dong Tay 2007, thang 9
Trang 4Nghien cim khoa hoc
Diln ddn da tap trung thdo luan vl co che,
chinh sach, edc vdn dl cdn vudng mac ciing
nhu nhiing bien phap tang cudng hgp tac
giua cdc nude vd cac dia phuang EWEC
Dai dien cde dja phuang cung da gidi thieu
dugc tiem ndng, thi manh cua dia phuang
minh vd de xudt edc du an cu the de van
ddng tdi trg va ddu tu
Tai phien do Bd Ngoai giao, Chu tich
UBND thdnh phd Dd Ndng vd trudng dodn
cac nude ddng chu tri, Trung tam xiic tien
ddu tu Da Ndng da ket hgp td chiic 02 le ky
kit vd trao gidy chirng nhdn ddu tu, bao
gdm:
+ Chii tich UBND thanh phd Da Ndng
trao giay chirng nhdn dau tu eho Tap dodn
Vina Capital dl ddu tu du an khu thuang
mai tri gia 325 trieu USD
+ Chu tich UBND thanh phd Da Ndng ky
kit ban thda thuan vdi Cdng ty Kreves
Development (Hdn Quoc) ve viec ddu tu du
an khu thuong mai vd chung cu vdi tdng vdn
du kiln Id 200 trieu USD.<^>
Viec td chiic thdnh cdng tudn le EWEC
cd y nghTa Idn ddi vdi Viet Nam, khdng chi
tren phuang dien thiic day cdc mdi quan he
kinh te, thuang mai, du lich vd ddu tu ma
cdn khdng dinh xu hudng hda nhap manh me
cua mot qude gia Viet Nam vdi mdt vi the
quoc te ngay cdng tang
1.2 Hap tdc tren Unit vuc thuang mgi
Cac boat ddng thuang mai ciia EWEC
chii ylu tap trung d sdu dia phuong gdm
Mawlamyine, Phitsanulok, Khon Kaen,
Savannakhet, Hue, vd Dd Ndng Tuy nhien,
nhieu thi trdn thuoc cac dia phuang cd
EWEC chay qua ciing se nhan dugc nhimg
tdc dpng kinh te tich cue Cdc khu vuc md
EWEC di qua ndi chung cdn kem phdt trien;
kinh te Idy ndng nghiep 1dm chu dao EWEC
qua kit ndi vdi cdc true giao thdng Nam-Bac
se giiip cac khu vuc tren tiep can de ddng hon vdi cac trung tdm kinh te d phia bde va phia nam nhu Bangkok, Thdnh phd Hd Chi Minh vd Hd Ndi EWEC cdn md dudng ra bien cho cac khu vuc tren, cung cdp hai sdn cho hg vd giiip hg dem cdc san phdm ndng-1dm nghiep cua minh di tieu thu Nhd phat trien giao thdng van tdi, thdng tin lien lac vd ndng lugng, cde khu vuc se cd them nhieu co hdi phdt trien, trong dd ddu tu tu nhan la quan trgng nhat
Trao ddi thuang mai giiia cde nudc trong khu vuc trong thdi gian qua tang dang ke (tdng kim ngach xudt nhap khdu giiia Lao, Thdi Lan vd Mianma tang trung binh 33%/nam) Hdng hod budn ban dgc bien gidi hanh lang chii ylu phdn dnh Igi the so sanh ciia mdi nudc, ddng thdi ddng vai trd hdng hoa qua canh dl thdm nhap vao cdc thi trudng khdc Cac mat hang dugc trao ddi chii ylu Id: rau, qua, gd, gia siic, hdng det may *''
EWEC giiip phdt triln thuong mai giiia cac nudc tren tuyen hdnh lang ndy Ngdy 20/12/2006, edu Hiiu Nghi II (Mukdahan-Savannakhet) bde qua sdng Me Kdng da dugc khdnh thdnh, ddnh ddu sir khoi thdng eua EWEC Trong 4 thdng sau khi khanh thanh edu Hiru Nghi II, xudt khdu tir Thai Lan sang Ldo tdng 10% vd nhap khdu hang hda ciia Thai Lan qua ddy ciing tdng nhanh qua timg thdng (chii yeu Id nhap khdu quang
vd ddng tir Ldo) Hdng qud cdnh tir Thdi Lan qua Lao tang gdp ddi**' Tdng gia tri hdng hda qua cac cira khdu Thai/Ldo dat tren 1 ty USD (nam 2006) vd dat 1,3 ty USD vdo ndm
2007 (tdng 20%) V l thuang mai, kit qud dat dugc eua tudn le EWEC 2007 da cho thdy nhirng budc tien Idn trong EWEC
'^' So ngoai vu Da Nang (2007), Bao cao tong kit tuln le
Hanh lang kinh tl Dong Tay 2007, thang 9, tr4
*'' http://www.mofa.gov.vn
**' http://www.mofa.gov.vn
Trang 5Nghien citu khoa hgc
Vdi sir ra ddi ciia EWEC, da tao dieu kien
thuan Igi de cac nudc xem xet, dieu chinh ty
le thue hgp ly va chdp nhdn dugc giira cac
nudc, phdn cdng qudn ly de hd trg cho sir
hgp tac thuang mai, nhu viec cdp giay phep
thuong mai, bao hiem va thanh lap co quan
hgp tdc chung ciia khu vuc tu nhdn Tang cudng, tao dilu kien thuan Igi cho viec qua lai bien gidi vdi viec tu do hod thuang mai, nhdt Id ve boat ddng xudt nhap khdu giira cac qude gia trong EWEC
Toe do tang trirdng xudt, nhap khdu (%/nam) ciia cac niroc thanh vien EWEC
Nudc
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
Ldo Xudt khdu -3,3 -5,9 7,2 12,7 48,6 8,0
Nhap khau -4,7 -12,4 1,9 56,4 23,8 12,0
Mianma Xudt khdu 43,0 -3,0 12,6 8,2
-Nhap khdu 13,4 -16,1 1,3 -10,6
-Thai Lan Xuat
khdu -7,1 4,8 18,2 21,6 15,0 15,3
Nhap khdu -3,0 4,6 17,4 25,7 26,0 15,0
Viet Nam Xudt
khdu 6,5 7,4 20,4 30,3 20,5 18,0
Nhap khdu 6,0 19,5 37,4 26,0 16,0 15,0
Nguon: Nguyen Tran Que (chu bien) (2007), Hap tdc phdt trim tieu vung Me Cong md rong hien tgi vd tuang lai, Vien KHXHVN - Vien kinh tl va chinh tri thi gioi, NXB KHXH, Ha Noi,
tr.52
1.3 Hffp tdc tren Unit vuc giao thdng,
ndng luang
v l giao thdng, tdi chinh da dugc dam bao
cho toan hdnh lang giao thdng, ngoai trir mdt
phdn d Mianma Mdt tuyen dudng cao tdc
ddi 140 km tir dudng ham Hdi Van hoan
thanh tir Dd Ndng tdi Cam Ld d tinh Quang
Tri (song song vdi dudng qude Id sd 1) tao
dilu kien cho viec Iuu thdng tdi cac cdng
biln Viet Nam Cdc du an cai tao dudng sd 9
tir Savannakhet tdi Seno, vd xdy dung cdc
tuyIn dudng nhdnh ddm bdo viec tiep can thi
trudng vd cdc dich vu xa hdi cho cac khu
vuc ndng thdn gdn dd Viec phdt trien cdng
Savannakhet de ciing sii dung va khai thac
vdi Thai Lan, nang cdp sdn bay Phii Bai
(Hue, Viet Nam) da dugc chinh phu cdc
nude Lao va Viet Nam phdi hgp thuc hien dap irng nhu cau trong nudc vd khu vuc Vdi sir tdi trg cua Ngdn hang Phat triln chau A va Chinh phii Nhdt Ban, nhilu hang muc ha tdng giao thdng chu chdt tren hdnh lang da dugc ddu tu ndng cdp nhu du an ndng cdp cdng Tien Sa, Dd Ndng, dudng bdm deo Hdi Vdn, qude Id 9 Cudi ndm
2006, cdy edu qude t l Ldo - Thdi Lan thii hai qua sdng Me Kdng dugc khdnh thdnh, chinh thirc ndi lien bdy tinh Ddng - Bde Thai Lan, tinh Savannakhet, Ldo vd ba tinh miln trung cua Viet Nam
Cde cdng trinh ha tdng ndng cdt cho hanh lang da dugc hodn thien TuyIn dudng dai 1.450 km hodn thdnh, kl ca cdng biln cudi d phia Ddng Dd Ndng Viec hinh thdnh cang
Trang 6Nghien citu khoa hoc
Mawlamyine, xudt phat tir mdi quan tdm ciia
mdt sd cdng tu nhdn nudc ngodi
Sir md phdng rdo chdn phi vat the tdi cde
diem ludn chuyin xuyen bien gidi Id sang
kien chinh dl chuyin hdnh lang giao thdng
Ddng - Tdy thdnh mdt hanh lang kinh te
Hiep dinh Giao thdng Xuyen bien gidi ciia
cac nudc tieu viing sdng Me Kdng cung nhu
cac hiep dinh giao thdng dudng bd song
phuong giira Ldo vd Thdi Lan, Ldo vd Viet
Nam bdy gid vdn cdn hieu lire, nhung chua
hoan thien ddy du Mgi chuan bi cho viec
thue hien kiem dich hdi quan mdt cira da
dugc hodn tdt, ban ddu tai Dansavanh (Ldo)
- bien gidi Lao Bao (Viet Nam) vd sau dd tai
bien gidi Savannakhet (Ldo) vd Mukdahan
(Thai Lan) Viec thdnh lap viing cdng nghiep
vd cac khu cdng nghiep dac biet d cdc khu
vuc bien gidi vd eua ngd giao thdng da tdng
cudng dau tu tu nhdn vdo sdn xudt, thuong
mai vd ndng nghiep cho hdnh lang
Din nay EWEC cd tdng chieu ddi 1.450
km, chay qua 13 tinh ciia 4 nudc thude
GMS, ndi liln cdc dia phuong Mawlamyine,
Myawaddy (Mianma), Yasothon, Tak,
Phitsanulok, Khon Khaen, Kalasin,
Sukhothai va Mukdahan (Thai Lan);
Savanakhet (Ldo); Qudng Tri, Thira Thien
-Hue vd Da Ndng (Viet Nam) Day Id tuyen
giao thdng huyet mach theo true giao thdng
ndi tir Ddng sang Tay Ddng Nam A, Id tuyen
ddt lien duy nhdt ndi Thai Binh Duong vdi
An Do Duong da khai thdng trgn ven bang
viec khdnh thdnh edu Hiru Nghi 2 bae qua
sdng Me Kdng ndi lien giiia Thai Lan vd
Ldo
Ve ndng lugng, Giai doan 1 ciia Du dn ket
ndi dien khu vuc tieu viing sdng Me Kdng
(Nam Theun 2 - Savannakhet - Roi Et) se
cung cdp dien cho cdc khu vuc dgc hanh
lang Viec md rdng dien khi hda khu vuc ndng thdn dgc dudng 9 vd phdn phdi dien tdi
71 lang d 6 qudn, huyen ciing dugc khuyen khich Viet Nam da de xudt tham gia vdo cac
du an ddu md vd khi ga tir cang Chan May -Qude Id 1 - Dudng 9 tdi Ldo va Thai Lan de
cd the cung cdp tdi chinh cho cdc ngdnh tu nhan vd can cdc nghien ciru tien khd thi de quyet dinh khd ndng thuc thi.'^' Trong khi tinh trang bd sung cua cac ngudn ndng lugng dang tin cay tai hdnh lang d Mianma cdn dugc quyet dinh, mdt nghien ciiu khd thi ve dudng ddy truyen tdi ndi thi trdn bien gidi Mae Sot cua Thdi Lan tdi Thaton d Mianma ciing bao gdm trong mdt xich phdt trien hdnh lang Ve vien thdng, hien da cd mdt du an cung cd cdc dich vu vien thdng tai khu vuc hanh lang ndm tren dia phdn Mianma Ddc biet viec du phdng cung cdp dien cho hanh lang, chii ylu tir Thai Lan vd Viet Nam ve
CO bdn da hodn thanh Dien khi hda khu vuc ndng thdn mdi se uu tien cho cac dia phuong
d Ldo va Mianma Du dn Nha mdy thuy dien Nam Theun 2 vd cdc dudng truyen ket ndi tdi Thdi Lan ciing se cung cdp ngudn dien cdn thilt cho Ldo d dgc tuyen hdnh lang hien dang sii dung dien do Viet Nam vd Thdi Lan cung cdp Mang ludi cap quang vien thdng chinh cho khu vuc ket ndi cdc khu vuc hanh lang (giai doan 1) dd dugc hodn thdnh Hien nay, Mianma ciing dang thuc hien giai doan
2 ciia dudng ddy dien bdo phia tdy
1.4 Hap tdc tren linh vuc du lich, dich
vu
Ve du lich, hien da cd mdt nghien ciru todn dien ve cdc khu vuc du Hch dgc hdnh lang nhu cdc diem den du lich hap dan Nghien cuu se di sau vdo tim hieu cac du an
(9) http://www.mofa.gov.vn
Trang 7Nghien cim khoa hgc
CO sd ha tang du lich tiem nang d cdc dia
phuang dgc hdnh lang thude bien gidi Lao
va Viet Nam
Trong nam 2007, chi tinh 6 thang ddu
ndm cd khoang 160.000 lugt khach da den
Viet Nam qua cua khdu Lao Bdo (tang 40%
so vdi cimg ky nam trudc), lugng khdch qua
cua khau qude te Lao Bdo cd nam Id 404.500
lugt ngudi (gap ddi nam 2006) Nam 2008,
mac du phdi ganh chiu nhiing khd khdn do
khung hodng tdi chinh mang lai, nhung
lugng xe d td xudt nhap qua cira khdu Lao
Bao van la 56.000 lugt chiec, bang nam
2007; lugng du khach qua cita khdu Lao Bao
trong ndm 2008 tang 32.629 lugt ngudi so
nam 2007.<'°'
Cdc hang lii hdnh Thai da phdc thao vien
canh cho khach hang ciia minh: Sang udng
ca phe Mukdahan (Thai), trua an com
Savannakhet (Lao) vd chieu tdi tam bien
Non Nudc (Da Ndng) Cd Trung Qude vd
Nhdt Ban ciing da bat dau khai thdc EWEC
Tir nam 2005, Vdn Nam vd Quang Tdy da
chinh thiic cd mat tren EWEC vdi viec trien
khai cac du dn giao thdng ket ndi vdi cac
dilm din tren EWEC, md rdng vdnh dai du
lich viing tdy nam Trung Qude vdi cdc diem
din trong Tilu viing Me Cdng Nhdt Ban da
uu tien cung cdp vdn ODA cho cdc du an
phat triln co sd ha tdng, xda ddi gidm ngheo
cua cdc nudc thdnh vien GMS cd dia
phuong thude EWEC Tren con dudng
EWEC, gid day ngudi Mianma, Thai, Ldo
da ddy len con sdt xdy dung cdc khu kinh tl,
md them trudng day "Viet Nam hgc", chudn
bi cdc hang lii hdnh
Con dudng di san miln Trung la ten mdt
chuong trinh du Hch do Tdng cue du lich
(10) http://www.quangtt-i.gov.vn/
Viet Nam phat ddng, cd muc tieu kit ndi cdc
di san the gidi tai Trung Bd ciing vdi 3 di sdn thi gidi khac Id cd do Luang Prabang, ngdi din niii ky vT Wat Phou (Lao) vd quan thi Angkor Wat (Campuchia) Chuong trinh nay ket hgp thanh mdt chuong trinh hgp tac
du lich Idn ban la "Lao, Campuchia, Viet Nam: 3 qude gia, mdt dilm den" Ba tinh Qudng Nam, Da Ndng, Thira Thien Hue da tirng phdi hgp td chiic thdnh cdng chuong trinh Roadshow ve du lich mien Trung
1.5 Hap tdc tren Unit vuc xda doi giam ngheo, phdt trien nong thon
ADB trong do cd Nhdt Ban da quan tdm ddu tu cdc du an phat trien xa hdi, xda ddi gidm ngheo nhu muc tieu "EWEC cdn tac ddng den cac vdn de xd hdi" Tai tinh Quang Tri, ngay tir liic y tudng EWEC hinh thanh, ADB ciing da quan tam hd trg du an "Giam ngheo mien Trung" trong giai doan
2002-2009 nham gidm ty 16 ddi ngheo tai hai huyen Hudng Hda, Dakrong dgc tuyen dudng qude Id sd 9 (EWEC), chuyen ddi ca edu cdy trdng, vat nudi, phdt triln kinh tl, giiip ngudi ddn ngheo tai hai huyen miln niii nay chuyen tir kinh te tu cung tu cdp sang boat ddng tao thu nhap, san xudt gdn liln vdi thi trudng JBIC, JICA ciing cd cac du an thuy Igi nham tang nang xudt sdn xudt cdc sdn phdm ndng nghiep; cdc du dn ndng cdp mang ludi dien ndng thdn phuc vu dinh hudng cdng nghiep hda ndng thdn Cac du
an dudng giao thdng cdp tinh vd cdp huyen ciing dugc ddu tu ndng cdp Cac du an nay
da gdp phan vdo cdng cugc xda ddi giam ngheo ciia tinh (Ti le hd ngheo tren toan tinh Quang Tri la 17,8%/2008) vd gdp phdn phat triln kinh tl hdng hda ndng san, tao thi trudng giao Iuu vdi edc nudc khdc tren tuyIn hdnh lang EWEC
Trang 8Nghien cim khoa hoc
Ciing vdi du an xda ddi gidm ngheo, phdt
triln kinh tl ndng thdn, ADB, Nhdt Ban vd
lanh dao tinh Qudng Tri cung quan tdm phdt
trien dd thi tao edc dilm kit ndi tren tuyen
hdnh lang ndy Nam 2009, ADB da ddng y
tdi trg du dn hgp tac ky thuat phat trien todn
dien kinh te xa hdi thi xa Ddng Hd; du an cdi
thien mdi trudng do thi tieu viing Me Kdng
cho 4 dd thi Lao Bdo - Ddng Ha - Cira Viet
va thi xa Qudng Tri; du an phdt trien du lich
ben virng tieu viing Me Kdng Nhu vay, vdi
sir quan tdm hd trg cua ADB, Nhdt Ban,
trong tuong lai, dd thi vd ndng thdn Qudng
Tri se phat trien manh, tan dung Igi the va
tiem nang cua tuyen hdnh lang kinh te Ddng
Tdy ndy
2 Giai phap nang cao hieu qua hgp tac
trong EWEC
Hanh lang kinh te Ddng - Tdy da dugc
nhin nhdn mang lai nhieu Igi ich cho sir phat
trien lien viing giiia cac nudc trong khu vuc
ndy Tuy nhien, trong qud trinh phdt trien
ban 10 nam qua, EWEC da hoc Id nhieu ban
che can khac phuc, nhdt Id cdc thu tuc nhieu
khe tai cac cira khdu tren tuyen hanh lang
ndy dang Id rdo cdn khdng dang cd Thuc
trang nay vdn chua cd nhirng chuyen bien
theo hudng tich cue mac du da dugc nhin
thdy tir phia cdc nganh vd dia phuong cd lien
quan Ong Heu Maung Nyint - Thii trudng
Bd Ngoai giao Mianma eho rdng: "Viec gidi
quyet thu tue hdi quan tai cac ciia khdu van
chua ddp ling dugc yeu edu cua qud trinh tao
thuan Igi cho giao thuang, hgp tac kinh tl
giira cac nudc, cac dia phuang tren tuyIn
hdnh lang nay Rao cdn ndy cdn sdm dugc
dd bd cdng sdm cdng tdt""" Theo dl dn
" " Anh Duong (2007), Hanh lang kinh tl Dong Tay: lai
the va rao can, Bao Da NSng, s6 ra ngay 19/10, tr3
EWEC dugc keo dai tir Mianma, Thai Lan, Ldo tdi Viet Nam, qua hdng chuc tinh, thdnh ciia 4 nudc Tuy nhien, thuc te cho thdy, hdu het cdc dia phuong ma hanh lang di qua cd dieu kien tu nhien phiic tap, kinh te phat trien khdng ddng deu, ty le ddi ngheo cao, mat do dan cu thdp, kinh te ndng nghiep van giu vai trd chu dao Chua ke do lich sir hinh thdnh, phdt trien ciia mdi khu vuc, mdi nudc
cd nhiing diem khdc nhau nen de hdi nhap
ve van hda - xa hdi van cdn mdt khoang thdi gian nhdt dinh Ben canh dd, trong khi nhirng muc tieu dua ra ddi vdi EWEC Idn, bao gdm nhieu ITnh vuc hgp tdc phdt trien tir van hda den kinh te thuang mai, nhung boat ddng dau tu xay dung co sd ha tdng sao cho tuong xung giiia cdc viing de cd the ndi vdi nhau lai la mdt van de Hon niia, Tinh hinh the gidi ludn cd nhiing dien bien phiic tap, xung dot vii trang, sac tdc, khung bd, xu hudng ddi Ii khai, khiing hodng kinh te, tai chinh tien te dien ra nhieu noi tren the gidi
Xu hudng phdn cue ngdy cdng rd rdng vd tac ddng manh den hdu khap cdc ITnh vuc kinh
te, chinh tri, xd hdi Nguy ca tut hdu ve kinh
te Id mdt trong nhiing nguy co Idn, thach thiic qua trinh hdi nhap ciia cdc nudc vd cac dia phuong dgc EWEC vao nen kinh te, chinh tri khu vuc vd the gidi
Tiem ndng kinh te EWEC da dugc cdng ddng qude te thira nhdn Tuy nhien, 1dm the ndo dl "ddnh thiic" tiem ndng dd de EWEC phat trien tuong ximg vdi chinh cdi ten ciia
nd se Id mdt thdch thiic khdng nhd ddi vdi lanh dao cdc nudc thdnh vien ciing nhu doanh nghiep thude EWEC
De ddy manh hgp tdc phdt trien EWEC cdn phai tien hanh ddng bd cac giai phap sau:
Trang 9Nghien cim khoa hgc
1 Tiep tuc edi each hdnh chinh cdng, ddc
biet Id thu tuc kiem tra mgt cira theo hiep
dinh van tdi qua bien gidi da ky ket vdi cac
budc trong tieu viing Me Kdng
2 Tiep tuc cdi thien mdi trudng ddu tu
3 Kien nghi cdp cd tham quyen bai bd
cdc rdo cdn ve hdi quan, xudt nhap cdnh,
kiem dich y te vd kiem dich ddng thuc vat
4 Tiep tuc tranh thii mgi ngudn lire de
ddy manh xdy dung co sd ha tang, trudc bet
la xay dung hodn chinh co sd ha tang cdc
khu Kinh te thuong mai ddc biet
5 Tiep tuc ddo tdo, bdi dudng ngudn
nhdn luc
6 Hgp tdc, lien ket vdi cdc tinh thude
EWEC dl phdt trien cdng nghiep, thuang
mai vd dich vu - du lich
De giiip cho hdnh lang kinh te Ddng Tdy
phdt trien thi sir tiep tuc iing hd, giiip dd cua
ADB vd Nhdt Ban Id het siic quan trgng
Ddi vdi Chinh phu cac nudc tren EWEC:
- Can xdy dung qui hoach phdt trien kinh
tl - xa hdi tren tuyen EWEC cua qude gia
minh, trong dd can coi trgng su lien ket de
tranh thii vd phdt huy Igi the vdn ed eua timg
qude gia nhdm ciing nhau phdt trien tren
hanh lang kinh te ndy
- Cdc qude gia cdn khdn truong dam
phan, thdng nhdt ve lien minh thue quan, cat,
gidm cac bien phdp thue quan va phi thue
quan, tao dieu kien tu do hod thuang mai,
ddu tu, giao thdng van tdi trudc mat trien
khai sdm cdc thod thuan da ky ket nhu: xii ly
cde vudng mac trong viec qua cdnh phuang
tien van tai (tay ldi nghich) nhdm tao dieu
kien cho phuang tien giao thdng cua cdc
nudc dugc Iuu thdng thuan tien tren todn
tuyIn EWEC
- Cdc quoc gia can cd co che, chinh sach
kich edu san xuat phdt trien vd sdm don gian
hod thii tue xudt nhap khdu hdng boa, xudt nhap cdnh, cu trii, di lai ciia cu dan tren tuy In EWEC
Tdt cd nhirng dilu do se 1dm cho Hdnh lang kinh tl Ddng Tdy ngdy cang hodn thien
vd phat trien, mdt minh chiing cu the ciia qua trinh phdt trien quan he hgp tac, hiru nghi, cimg phdt triln ciia Mianma, Thai Lan, Ldo va Viet Nam
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Nguyen Tran Que (chu bien) (2007), Hap
tdc phdt trien tieu vung Me Cdng ma rong hien tgi vd tuong lai, Vien BCHXHVN - Vien kinh te
va chinh tri thi gidi, NXB KHXH, Ha Noi, tr20
2 Nguyen Hoang Giap, Mai Hoai Anh
(2008), Quan diem vd doi sdch cua Viet Nam ve
Hdnh lang kinh te Ddng - Tdy, Nghien ciiu
DongNam A, so 11, trl3
3 Sd ngoai vu Da Nang (2007), Bdo cdo tdng
ket tudn le Hdnh lang kinh te Dong Tdy 2007,
thang 9
4 Anh Duong (2007), Hdnh lang kinh ti
Ddng Tdy: lai the vd rdo cdn, Bao Da Ndng, so
rangay 19/10, tr3