Hiep udc ve thiet lap Cgng d6ng Nguyen ttr nang Chau Au dugc ky ket nham thtic day viec nghien ctru ky thuat str dung nang lugng nguyen ttr vi hda binh va dam bao ph6 bien nhtrng th6[r]
Trang 1MOT HfiNH TniNH GIRN TRUnN CHl/n PHm DR HORN TRT
Ngay 3/11/2009, T6ng th6ng Cgng boa
Sec Vadav Klaus da ky Hiep udc Lisbon,
thao bo rao can cu6i cting de Hiep udc chinh
thtrc dugc thuc hien Nhin lai qua trinh nhat
the boa chau Au, mgt hanh trinh keo dai gan
60 nam, qua la kh6ng it gian truan
(1951-2009)
I Til' nhung y tu'dng ban dau
Sau nhtrng \ao trgn, h6n loan ctia hai
cupc Dai chien the gidi lan thtr Nhat
1914-1918 va thtr Hai (1939-1945), con lai la mpt
chau Au chia re thti ban Ngudi chien thang
ke chien bai Iu6n gam ghe nhau, nhiri.g mam
mong ciia mpt cupc chien tranh mdi van eon
am y, khat vpng hoa binh ctia ngudi dan
chau Au con chua dugc thoa man Trong
hoan canh do, mgt s6 lanh dao ctia chau Au
nhu Thu tudng Churchil (Anh) da c6 y tudng
xay dung mgt "Gia dinh chau Au" bay Ngoai
trudng Phap Schudman tuyen b6 phai tim ra
con dudng ngan chan chien tranh gitra Phap
va Dtrc Ngay 9/5/1950, Ngoai trudng Phap
dua ra y tudng ve eon dudng ngan chan
chien tranh gitra Phap va Due la lam the nao
de ngudi ta kh6ng the nghT den chien tranh
va ve vat chat thi kh6ng the thuc hien dugc
cupc chien tranh: xay dung mpt cpng d6ng
sieu qu6c gia ciia chau Au Tuyen b6 etia
T S N g o T a t T o
Triiffng Dai hoc Dong Do
Schudman da danh dau sir ra ddi ctia mpt chau Au th6ng nhat, nham kh6ng de xay ra chien tranh giua cae thanh vien, c6 suy ebo nen boa binh d chau Au va tren the gidi, ttrng budc cai t6 chau Au (Xay dung cpng dong sieu qu6c gia tren ttrng ITnh vuc), tien tdi tb6ng nhat chau Au mpt each dan chti bao g6m cpng d6ng D6ng va Tay chau Au, v6n
bj chia cat bdi cac cacten thep, lam s6ng lai toan bp nen kinh te chau Au bang mpt qua trinh cgng d6ng gi6ng nhau bat dau ttr ITnh vuc than, thep The r6i tai Paris, ngay 18/4/1951, Hiep udc thanh lap Cgng d6ng Than - Thep chau Au (ECSC) da dugc ky ket Hiep djnli ve Cgng d6ng Than - Thep chau Au CO 100 dieu de thanh lap thj trudng chung ve than, md ctra ngay 10/2/1953, va thep, md ctra ngay 1/5/1953 Hiep djnh nay keo dai den nam 2002
Mdt chau Au sieu qu6c gia g6m 6 thanh vien lan dau tien dat dugc mgt thanh tuu vT dai ttr b6 mgt phan chu quyen trong mpt ITnh vuc gidi ban (than va thep) de co dugc mpt chau Au th6ng nhat tren mpt ITnh vuc ban hep (than va thep) Nhung de tien len nua thi cac nudc nay vap phai mpt budc gian truan kh6ng the vugt qua, dd la sir that bai trong viec thiet lap Cgng dong Phong thu Chau Au
Trang 218 NGHIEN CQU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°4 (1151.2010
(EDC - European Defence Community)
trudc strc ep ca trong va ngoai nudc Nam
1954, cac cupc thuong lugng ve thiet lap
Cgng ding Phdng thti Chau Au da bj that
bai, Tuy vay, cac Ngoai trudng ctia chau Au
khdng ttr bo c6 gang, thang 4 nam 1956, hg
lai khdi dgng dam phan 2 du an do la: Hiep
udc thilt lap Cgng d6ng Nguyen ttr nang
(EURATOM) Chau Au va Hiep udc thilt lap
Cgng d6ng Kinh te Chau Au (EEC) Ca 2
hiep udc nay deu dugc ky tai Rome thang 3
nam 1957, c6 hieu luc tir 1/1/1958, va ngudi
ta ggi chung la cac Hiep udc Rome
Hiep udc ve thiet lap Cgng d6ng
Nguyen ttr nang Chau Au dugc ky ket nham
thtic day viec nghien ctru ky thuat str dung
nang lugng nguyen ttr vi hda binh va dam
bao ph6 bien nhtrng th6ng tin ky thuat tren
ITnh vuc nay; Xay dung nhting tieu chuan an
toan th6ng nhat de bao ve strc khoe cho
ngudi lam viec va cho cgng d6ng c6ng
chiing n6i chung va dam bao nhting tieu
chuan nay phai dugc ap dung; Tao thuan lgi
cho viec dau tu, dam bao xay dung va lap dat
can thiet cho viec phat trien nang lugng
nguyen ttr d chau Au, dam bao cho tat ca cac
nudc str dung nang lugng nguyen tu d chau
Au CO dugc ngudn cung cap quang va nhien
lieu nguyen ttr deu dan va c6ng bang ddng
thdi doan chae rang nguyen lieu nguyen tir
dan sir kh6ng dting vao mue dich khac
Hiep udc ve Cgng dong Nguyen ttr nang
Chau Au la mpt budc tien trong viec lien kit
cac nudc chau Au thuc hien nh§t thi hda
chau Au Din nam 2005, nang lugng nguyen ttr str dung trong cac nudc thanh vien ctia Lien minh Chau Au mdi chi chiem 15% t6ng nang lugng tieu dting cua the gidi
Chinh sach nang lugng cua cac nudc thanh vien trong Lien minh Chau Au lai hoan toan khac nhau Den thang 1/2010, 14 nudc trong Lien minh la Bi, Bungari, Sec, Phan Lan, Phap, Dtrc, Hungari, Ha Lan, Rumania, Slovakia, Slovenia, Tay Ban Nha, Thuy Dien, Anh dang van hanh cac 16 san xuat nang lugng nguyen tu, Phap va Phan Lan da nam trgn c6ng nghe nguyen ttr, nhieu
Id phan ung nguyen ttr da dugc xay dung d khap chau Au Dtrc tuy tuyen bd se giam bdt dien nguyen tu nhung tren thuc te Iai tim each keo dai tudi thg cua cac Id phan tmg Cdn Lithuanie mdi day da ddng ctra 16 phan tmg nguyen ttr cua hg Su nhat the hoa nguon nang lugng nguyen tu cting khdng don gian chut nao
Sau that bai trong viec dam phan de ki ket Hiep udc Cgng d6ng Phdng thti Chau
Au, trudc xu the lien ket khu vuc va hpi nhap kinh te phat trien manh, cac nha lanh dao chau Au da tim hudng di mdi Hg cho rang kinh te la ITnh vuc it chiu su phan ung quoc gia so vdi cac ITnh vuc khac, de di den d6ng thuan hgp tac sieu quoc gia Neu nhu thiet lap dugc mdt Cgng dong Kinh te Chau
Au (EEC), tao lap dugc mgt thi trudng chung, cai td cac dieu kien budn ban va che tao san xuat chung tren lanh thd cua Cgng d6ng va coi EEC nhu la mgt su ddng gdp dl tien tdi xay dung va van hanh mgt chau Au
Trang 3thong nhat ve chinh trj nham tang eudng
doan ket chau Au chat ehe ban ntra thi rat
dang khich le trong qua trinh nhat the boa
chau Au
Cac nha lanh dao chau Au da tuyen bo
quyet tam dat nen tang cho mgt su doan ket
vung ben mai mai ebo ngudi dan chau Au;
Hp htra hen bang nhtrng banh dpng chung
loai bo mpi rao can chia re chau Au de dam
bao cho nen kinh te va tien bg xa hgi cua cac
nudc chau Au; Khang djnh nhtrng mue tieu
chu yeu ctia nhiing cd gang cua minh la phat
trien ben viing, dieu kien s6ng va lam viee
tot hon cho ngudi dan chau Au Mu6n vay
phai md rdng ben vting, can bang thuong
mai va canh tranh lanh manh Hg cho rang,
sir chenh lech giiia cac vting mien khac nhau
dang t6n tai, cac vting it dugc im tien phai
duge chu y de dam bao su phat trien hai h6a
Hp mong mu6n chinh sach thuang mai
chung se dong gdp cho su tien bp, loai b6 su
ban che ve thuong mai qu6c te Hp mong
muon tang cudng tinh doan ket giiia chau Au
vdi cac nudc ben ngoai nham dam bao sir
phat trien phon vinh va phti hgp vdi cac
nguyen tac ctia Hien chuong Lien hgp qu6c
Cac nha lanh dao chau Au ngay 25 thang 3
nam 1957 da ki ket Hiep udc thiet lap Cgng
dong Kinh te Chau Au, co bieu lire ttr ngay
1/1/1958, coi Cgng ding Kinh tl Chau Au la
CO sd vat chat, mgt try cot vting chae ctia
nhat the boa chau Au
Bay nam sau, cac nha lanh dao chau Au
lai hgp nhau d Merger (Brussels) kl mgt hiep
udc ggi la Hiep udc Merger (bay Hiep udc
Brussels), gan ket cac ban dieu hanli eiia Cgng d6ng Than - Thep chau Au, Cgng d6ng Nguyen ttr nang Chau Au thanh Cgng d6ng Chau Au va coi no nhu nguyen mau cua Lien minh Chau Au sau nay Trong nhiing nam
1970 va 1975, cac nha lanh dao chau Au cdn
kl hai hiep udc b6 sung cho Hiep udc Brussels: Hiep udc bd sung mgt s6 dieu khoan ve Ngan sach va Hiep udc b6 sung mgt s6 dieu khoan ve Tai chinh Mudi hai nam sau, nam 1984, vting lanh th6 Greenland (Dat xanh) cua Dan Mach (Dan Mach tham gia Cgng d6ng Kinh te Chau Au ttr nam 1972), xuat phat ttr chu quyen vting nudc danh ca cua bg, da xin rut khoi Cgng d6ng Kinh te Chau Au Cac nudc trong Cgng d6ng Kinh te Chau Au Iai phai ki Hiep djnh Greenland de vting lanh th6 nay rut khoi Cgng d6ng Hiep djnh Greenland c6 hieu luc ttr 1/1/1985 D I thtic d4y tiln trinh nbSt thi boa chau Au, ngay 28/2/1986, cac nha lanh dao chau Au da ki mdt dao luat rieng ctia chau Au (Single European Act) nham tu chinh Hiep udc Rome 1957 Dao luat nay dat mue tieu cho Cgng dong Chau Au den 31/12/1992 phai thilt lap dugc mgt thj trudng chung va phai phap dien hoa (luat boa) sir hgp tac chinh tri ctia chau Au, md dudng cho chinh sach ddi ngoai va an ninh ctia Lien minh Chau Au (EU) Dao luat Single European Act dugc ki d Luxembough ngay 17/2/1986 va d Ha Lan ngay 28/2/1986 Dao luat Single European Act bj Qu6c hgi Dan Mach phan d6i nen phai dua
ra trung cau dan y, c6n d Ireland, sau khi Toa an Tdi cao co y kien phai b6 sung stra
Trang 420 NGHIEN CQU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°4 (1151.2010
dii Hiln phap Nha nudc mdi dugc phe
chuan
Dao luat Single European Act cd hieu
lire ttr ngay 1/7/1987
Khi btrc tudng Berlin siip d6 (1989) va
Lien X6 giai thi (1991), EU c6 co hgi t6t
cho viec md rpng sang phia Dong Ttr ngay
9/12/1991, lanh dao cac nudc thanh vien ciia
chau Au da nhom hgp de thuong lugng va
din ngay 7/12/1992 tai Maastricht (Ha Lan)
hg da tb6a thuan dugc viec thiet lap Lien
minh Chau Au (EU - European Union) va
tao ra d6ng tien chung: d6ng Euro
Theo thuyet cau true tru cot, hg cho rang
Lien minh Chau Au co 3 tru cot: Try cot thtr
nhat la Cpng d6ng Chau Au (bao g6ni Cpng
d6ng Than - Thep va Cpng d6ng Nguv'en tu'
nang); Try cpt thtr 2 la lien minh ve Chinh
sach D6i ngoai va An ninh chung EFSP
(Common foreign and security policy); Try
cpt thtr 3 la hgp tac ve tu phap \'a ngi vy
(JHA - Jusriee and home affairs) Sy hgp tac
ve tu phap va ngi vy dya tren Hiep udc
Schenghen ki nam 1990
Nhung Hiep udc Maastricht cting kh6ng
tao dugc su ddng thuan trong tat ca cac nudc
thanh vien Tai Dan Mach, sau khi kh6ng
thanh c6ng trong trung cau dan y, den
18/5/1993 Hiep udc mdi dugc phe chuan vdi
thoa thuan Edinbough kem theo 1 danh sach
4 ngudi Dan Mach kh6ng tan thanli Con d
Phap tai cupc trung cau dan y thang 9/1992
chl CO 51,5% dan s6 tan thanh
Nham tao ra nhting bien d6i ve chat cho Hiep udc Maastricht, cac nha lanh dao chau
Au da nhdm hpp tai Amsterdam, Ha Lan \'a ngay 2/10/1997 Hiep udc Amsterdam dugc
ky da nhan manh hon ntia den quyen c6ng dan va nhting quyen ca nhan ctia con ngudi, vdi chti y dat den mgt nen dan chu ban ntra trong khi hg mu6n tang cudng quyen luc cho Nghj vien Chau Au; Cd mdt myc mdi de cap din viec Iam, ty do etia khu vuc cgng d6ng chung, van de an ninh va c6ng bang, chinh sach ngoai giao va an ninh chung, cai each the che de md rpng Lien minh Cting vdi Hiep udc nay cdn cd 3 nghj djnh thu 51 tuyen b6 do Hpi nghj thdng qua va 8 tuyen b6 rieng ciia cac nudc thanh vien cgng vdi cac dieu bd sung stra ddi vao cac hiep udc dang tdn tai Hiep udc Amsterdam cung dua
ra nhung nguyen tac va trach nhiem mdi trong ITnh vyc chinh sach doi ngoai va an ninh chung, trong viec ph6 bien gia trj chau
Au ra the gidi, bao ve Igi Ich ctia chau Au
Sau Hiep udc Amsterdam, ngay 16/4/2003, Lien minh Chau Au da ket nap mgt Itic 10 thanh vien mdi Nam 2005 co them 2 thanh vien gia nhap Lien minh, dua t6ng s6 thanh vien ttr 15 Ien thanh 27 nudc Day la lien minh rgng ldn chua ttrng co tren the gidi (thdi Lien X6 cting chi c6 15 nudc cgng hoa, ASEAN chi co 10 nudc) Trong tinh hinh Lien minh Chau Au dugc md rpng nhu vay, trudc nhieu van de thach thtrc co tinh chat toan cau nhu djch benh khting b6 doi ngheo, thien tai, bien d6i khi hau, su hgp tac trong Lien minh nhu the nao la van dl
Trang 5ldn Vi vay, bat dau ttr nam 2001 cac nha
lanh dao chau Au trien khai cugc dam phan
ve the che ctia Lien minh, de co the lam viec
trong b6i canh chau Au md rpng tien tdi nhat
the hoa chau Au, dua ra nhirng nguyen tae
chat che hon niia trong viec hgp tac, xem xet
lai nhu'ng nguyen tac hgp tac neu trong Hiep
udc Amsterdam
Hiep udc Nice da dugc cac nha lanh dao
chau Au ky ngay 26/2/2001, bat dau co bieu
lue ttr ngay 1/2/2003 nham tim ra cac bien
phap CO the tien banh bieu qua bon qua trinh
nhat the boa chau Au vdi viec md rgng them
10 thanh vien ntra, d6ng thdi dam phan them
ve lgi ich ctia lien chinh phii trudc mgt
modem sieu qu6e gia do EU dieu banh Van
kien cu6i cting the hien nhting thay d6i ro net
la trong tuong lai se dieu banh EU nhu the
nao va thti tyc ra quyet djnh ctia Eu ra sao
Vice xem xet xay dyng mgt ban Hien phap
Chau Au dugc nghien euu rpng rai Day la 1
van de phtrc tap va co nhieu y- kien khac
nhau: nen xay dyng Hien phap (constitution)
hay xay dung Quy tac (convention) hoac ky
ket mpt hiep udc co tinh chat Hien phap
(constjtutionale Treaty)? Van de Lien minh
Chau Au (European Union) hay Lien bang
Chau Au (European Federation) cting dugc
cac nha lanh dao chau Au xem xet Ket qua
la ngay 29/10/2004, cac nude da ky duge
mpt hiep udc ve nhirng nguyen tac ctia Hien
phap Chau Au Ban Hiep udc nay bao g6m
cac npi dung sau: Nguyen tae thiet lap Lien
minh; Gia trj va mue tieu ctia Lien minh;
Xep loai tham quyen va thirc thi tham qu>'en;
Hpi vien cua Lien minh; Nhung van kien phap ly; Ddi s6ng dan chti Van de the che ctia Lien minh bao gom cac npi dung nbir: kbu6n kho the che, Qu6c hpi Chau Au, Hpi dong Chau Au, Hpi d6ng Bp trudng, Uy ban
Bp trudng Ngoai giao Van de thti tyc ra quyet djnh bao g6m cac npi dung: thu tyc lap phap, lien minh tai chinh va thti tyc ngan sach, he tb6ng mdi bieu quyet theo da s6 nhting nguyen tac phy trg va vai tr6 cua qu6c hpi qu6c gia Van de chinh sach cua Lien minh bao gom cac npi dung: cac clilnb sach
va hanh dpng d6i npi, chinh sach kinh te va tien te, tu phap va npi vy, hanh dpng d6i ngoai, chinh sach d6i ngoai va an ninh cpng d6ng, cac dieu khoan chung Dudi sy chu tri ctia 2 cbii tjch ngudi Y va Ireland, cac thanh vien da thao luan va ngay 29/10/2004 da ky dugc mgt hiep udc de xay dirng cho chau Au mgt ban Hien phap chung Hiep udc nay phai dugc cac nudc thanh vien phe chuan Thti tyc phe chuan d cac nudc lai hoan toan khac nhau: c6 nudc chi can Quoc hgi phe chuan, co nudc lai can 2 vien: Ha vien va Thupng vien phe chuan, c6 nudc can phai trung cau dan y Tiec rang ban hiep udc nay chua dugc Phap, Ba Lan, Ireland, Dan Mach tb6ng qua nen tam thdi phai gac lai
II Den mot the che Lien minh Chau Au (EU) dang ton tai gom 27 thanh vien
Mgt thyc the chau Au g6m 27 quoc gia ldn nho dang ton tai EU da ldn len va nhung trach nhiem ctia EU cung thay d6i Nhieu van de toan cau dang dat ra trudc egng d6ng
Trang 622 NGHIEN CCfU CHAU AU - EUROPEAN STUDIES REVIEW N°4 (1151.2010
the gidi nhu bien d6i khi hau, djch benh an
ninh luong thuc, thien tai, an ninh nang
lugng, khting bo EU cung phai cd trach
nhiem ctmg vdi cdng ddng the gidi giai
quyet cac van de tren Mdt khdng gian chau
Au rgng Idn nhu vay, Iam the nao de qua
trinh ra quyet dinh dugc nhanh ban, cd hieu
qua hon? Mgt chau Au da dang va khac nhau
rat ldn ve quy m6 dan s6 va lanh th6, lam the
nao de cd the thuc thi dan chu hon th6ng qua
vai tro to ldn cua Nghj vien Chau Au va
Nghj vien Quoc gia? Viec dieu hanh vtra qua
dya vao nhting quy tac khi Lien minh chi co
15 nudc, nay da len tdi 27 nudc, can cai each
va hien dai hda de str dyng tiem luc ctia chau
Au
Ttr 21 den 23 thang 6/2007, cac nha
lanh dao cua Hdi d6ng Chau Au da hgp va
iiy nhiem cho Hgi nghi lien Chinh phti dy
thao mgt van ban stra doi cac hiep djnh trudc
day Ngay 7 - 8/9/2007, cac Bg trudng
Ngoai giao da hgp va dy thao van kien Ngay
18 - 19/10/2007 Hgi ding Chau Au hgp d
Lisbon (Bd Dao Nha) de thoa thuan lan culi
vl Hiep djnh stra dii Ngay 13/12/2007, cac
nha lanh dao chau Au, tai Lisbon, da ki Hiep
djnh va co hieu luc ttr ngay 1/1/2009, sau khi
cac nudc phe chuan Hiep udc Lisbon b l
sung cho Hiep udc thilt lap Cgng ding Chau
Au (TEC) ki tai Rome nam 1957, Hiep udc
Lien minh Chau Au ki tai Maastricht nam
1992, hoan tat qua trinh thi chl boa Lien
minh Chau Au bat dhu ttr Hiep udc
Amsterdam nam 1997 va Hiep udc Nice nam
2001 Nhting su thay ddi rd net nhat trong Hiep udc Lisbon la:
- B6 phieu theo da s6 trong Hgi d6ng
Bg trudng;
- Tang cudng trach nhiem cua Nghi vien Chau Au trong qua trinh lap phap;
- Cd rieng mgt chuong ve nhan quyen
va nhting quyen co ban;
- Keo dai nhiem ki cua Chu tjch Hpi ddng Chau Au ttr 2,5 nam len 5 nam;
- Ctr dai dien t6i cao ve chinh sach d6i ngoai va an ninh cua Lien minh (tuong tu Bp trudng Ngoai giao), dai dien cho mpt lap trudng thdng nhat ve chinh sach ctia Lien minh Chau Au;
- Tao CO hgi cho m6i nudc cd duge mpt thanh vien trong LJy ban Chau Au;
- Tang so lugng dai bieu cua Qu6c hpi Chau Au Ien 751 dai bieu, so lugng dai bieu ctia mdi nudc dugc xac dinh t6i da la 96 va t6i thieu la 6
Nhu vay, ttr nhung y tudng ban dau (1950) den mgt thuc thi Lien minh Chau Au (EU-2009) 27 nudc, qua trinh nhat the boa chau Au da keo dai gan 60 nam, mgt hanh trinh khong it gian truan, nhilu khd khan, trac trd Tuy da cd 27 nudc tham gia EU vdi
so dan khoang 500 trieu (tuong duong so dan Nga, My cgng Iai), nhung cdn 21 nudc chau Au ntra chua tham gia EU, da ph^n
Trang 7nhung nudc nay la nhting nudc nlio, ngheo
hon mue trung binh cua EU Mgt s6 nudc
khac kha hon hoac giau tai nguyen ban lai
nam trong vong anh hudng ctia Nga, khong
de gi Nga de hg rdi khoi kh6ng gian sinh t6n
ctia minh Nhieu nudc tham gia lai cang
nhieu dj biet, nhieu trinh do phat trien, nhieu
chinh the khac nhau, chinh trj, t6n giao,
chinh kien, phong tyc tap quan, mtre s6ng
khac nhau, de hda d6ng dugc khdng phai la
de Qua trinh nhat the hoa chau Au con lam
gian truan vi c6 nudc tham gia ITnh vuc nay
nhung khdng tham gia ITnh vyc khac (Vi dy,
Anh kh6ng tham gia ITnh vyc tai chinh, giti
dong tien rieng va quy che xuat nhap canh,
khong tham gia Hiep dinh Schenghen) Do
vay qua trinh nhat the boa chau Au den nay
chua phai da hoan tat
Plni luc: Dien tien qua trinh nhdt the
hoa chilli Au
A Md rdng khdng gian lanh thd
- 18/4/1951: Thilt lap Cgng ding Than
- Thep chau Au (ECSC) g6m 6 nudc: Phap,
Dtrc, Y, Bi, Ha Lan, Lucxambua
- 22/1/1972: them 3 nudc Anh, Dan
Mach, Ireland thanh 9 nudc
28/5/1979: them Hi Lap thanh 10
nuoc
- 19/12/1985: them B6 Dao Nha, Tay
Ban Nha thanh 12 nudc
- 19/4/1994: them 3 nudc Ao, PhSn Lan, Thyy Dien thanh 15 nudc
- 16/4/2003: them 10 nudc Sip, Estonia Hungari, Latvia, Lithuania, Ba Lan, Sec, Malta, Slovakia, Slovenia thanh 25 nudc
- 25/4/2005: them 2 nudc Bungari va Rumani thanh 27 nudc
B Cdc nude dd nop dan vd diccrc cdng nhdn Id die bi: Croatia, Macedonia, Th6 NhT
Ky
C Cdc nude dd nop dan nhicng ehua
duae cdng nhdn Id du bi: Albani, Iceland,
Montenegro, Serbia
D Cdc nude ehua ed trong lich trinh xem xet: Liechtenstin, Na Uy, Thyy ST,
Armenia, Azecbaizan, Belarrus, Georgia, Moldova, Ucraina, Kazactan
Tai lieu tham khao
1 The Treaty of Paris 1951
2 Treaty establishing the European Coal and steel community, ECSC Treaty
1951
3 The Treaty of Brussels 1948
4 The Treaty of Amsterdam 1997
5 The Treaty of Nice 2001
6 The Treaty of Maastricht 1992
7 The Treaty of Lisbon 2007