Su khing djnh tren day cua Nguyen Ai Quric da chi ra su ban che ciia quan diem cho rang cich mang vo sin quyet djnh each mang thugc dja, dring thrii ciing vach ra nhihig quan diem &#[r]
Trang 1SUNGHlEPVATirTUdNGHOCHJMINH
NGUYEN AI QUOC VOI QUOC TE CONG SAN
PGS, TS LE VAN TICH
1 Moi quan he giira Nguyen Ai Quoc vod
Quoc te Cgng sin dugc hinh thinh khring lau
sau khi Quoc te Cgng sin thinh lap vi dugc
duy tri trong qui trinh hoat dring vi ly mring
giii phring giai cap, giii phring thugc dja cua to
chirc quoc te niy Gin 20 nim hr giic chien
dau durii la co cua Quric te Cring sin, trong do
cri tren duoi 15 nim li thinh vien cua Quric te
niy, Nguyen Ai Quoc di tiep thu dugc nhieu
bii hgc ve ly luin vi thuc tien quy biu ciia giai
cip vri sin quoc te Thring qua moi quan he
niy, Nguyen Ai Quric da chu dgng thiet lap va
chap nrii moi quan he cua phong trio cich
mang- Viet Nam vrii Quoc te Cgng sin Dri la
eg sri quan trgng dan den sir ra doi cua Ding
Cgng sin Viet Nam diu nim 1930 va la dieu
kien tien quyet de Ding srim cri during loi cich
mang dung din
Nhifrig bii phit bieu cua Nguyen Ai Quric
fren dien din Dai hrii lan thir V cua Quoc te
Cgng sin (tai Matxcgva nim 1924) vi nhung
bii viet ciia Ngurii tren nhieu tap chi quoc te da
grip phin mang lai cho giai cap vri sin quoc te
mgt cich nhin thuc te hon ve vai trri cua thugc
dja, tinh chu dgng cua cich mang thugc dja va
mrii quan he cua nri vod cich mang ri chinh
[Igc vien CT-HC Quric gia Hri Chi Minh
quric Dau nim 1930, vod sir thinh lip Ding Cgng sin Viet Nam, Nguyen Ai Quric da grip cho Quric te Cgng sin mgt cich nhin bien chimg, sing tao mrii quan he dan trie - giai cap Tuy nhien, trgng qui trinh thuc hien sir menh giai phring cao ci cua minh, do nhieu nguyen nhin ma nhung nam 20, nhung nguod cring sin ri nhieu nuric chju anh huring khi nang ne trio luu eg hgi "ti khuynh", die biet frr Dai hrii lin thir VI cua Quric te Cgng sin nim
1928 During lrii niy di lam ban che ket qui cua phong trio cich mang ri nhieu nuric Drii vrii nhifrig ngurii cgng sin Dring Duong, thring qua mgt sri "dai bieu" vira hgc tai Dai hgc Phuong Dring, during lrii "ti khuynh" da inh huong den qui trinh xay dung during lrii, tri chuc va ci phuong thirc boat dgng cua Dang ta trgng thoi gian dii Do murin ip dung ngay nhung bii hgc ly luin vira hgc vio hoin canh Viet Nam mgt cich giio dieu, khong xuit phit
hr su hieu biet thuc tien dit nuric nen hg da khong tinh tio dinh gii dung dan during loi, chien luge, sich luge cua Ding Cring sin Viet Nam do lanh hi Nguyen Ai Quoc soan thio diu nim 1930 Hg da khring thiy dugc su sing tag cua lanh hi Nguyen Ai Quoc trong viec thinh lap Ding Cgng sin Viet Nam ma chi chip hinh vri dieu kien nhung quan diem mang tinh phe
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phin cua Quric te Cgng sin drii voi each dit ten during cho each mang nuric ta tien vao quy dao cung nhu sich luge tip hpp lire lugng, cich each mang vri sin
thirc dau tranh da neu ra trgng cic van kien dg 2 Nhimg hogt dgng va dong gop cm Nguyen Ai Quric khoi thag va dugc thring qua Nguyen Ai Quoc tgi Quoc te Cgng sdn ve cdch tai Hgi nghj thinh lap Ding Anh huong ciia mgng gidi phong thugc dia (1923-1924)
during loi "ti khuynh" do keo dai gan trgn thap Quoc te Cgng sin dg V.I Lenin sing lap
ky 30 cua th6 ky truric thing 3-1919 da tao ra buofc chuyen Ion trong Trong boi cinh ay, Nguyen Ai Quoc vin phong trio each mang giii phring dan tgc cung lurin huong ve Quoc te Cong sin, tim during nhu phong trio cgng sin va cring nhan quric te trg lai Mitxcgva (ngi dit tru so cua Quoc te Lan dau tien trgng ljch sir phgng trig cgng sin Cgng sin) de tiep hic hgat dgng va cung co moi quoc te, Lenin vi Quoc te Cgng sin da dit ra quan he voi Quoc te Cgng sin Dau nim 1934 van de giii phring thugc dja vi thinh lap lien sau khi thoit khrii nhi hi Hong Cong, Nguyen minh dau tranh cua giai cap vo sin o cic nuoc
Ai Quoc bi mat tro lai Mitxcova Mac dii trri tu bin voi phong trio giii phong dan tgc ri cic lai Mitxcgva lan niy, Nguyen Ai Quric da nuric thugc dja
khring nhin dugc su tiep drin "coi mri" cua Ban 0 day, kbit vgng giii phong dan tgc ciia
linh dag Quric te Cgng sin, nhung Ngurii van Nguyen Ai Quae da bit gap vi dugc chieu sing chip hinh mgi sir phin cring cua tri chu'C tiep brii tu tuong giai phring thugc dja cua Lenin
tuc hgc tap tai Tmring Quoc te Lenin, rrii lim qua bin Sa thdo lan thir nhdt nhimg lugn cuong nghien cim sinh tai Vien nghien cim din trie va ve vdn de ddn tgc vd vdn de thugc dja hi giiia
thugc dja Diy li nhung nim thing diy thir nam 1920, khi Ngurii dang hgat dgng tai Phap
thach, cam go cua Nguyen Ai Quoc Ngurii Trgng Lugn cuong, Lenin phe phin cac
lugn dat cac boat dgng ciia minh trgng nguyen quan diem srivanh, dan tgc hep hrii va nhan tic, tg chu'C cua Ding va gan lien vrii nhiem vu manh su dgan ket quric te giira nhung nguoi xay dung during lrii dung din, cung co tri chuc cgng sin vi nhan dan thugc dja trgng cugc dau Ding Dri li eg so de khi Quoc te Cgng sin cri tranh chong ke thu chung la de quoc, phong sir chuyen huong ve during loi thi hr turing kien, vi quyen dgc lap cua dan tgc thugc dja, Nguyen Ai Quric nhanh chring trri thinh nhan quyen tu quyet din tgc
to quan trgng cua during loi mrii cua Ding Nhifrig van de dan trie va thugc dja dugc trinh
Cgng sin Dong Duong Hgi nghj lan thir 8 ciia biy frgng Lugn cuong drii vod Nguod nhu mgt
Tmng uong Ding thing 5 - 1941 duod su chu anh sing dieu ky nang cao ve chat tat ci nhung tri cua lanh tu Nguyen Ai Quric la sir gap gg hieu biet va tinh cim cich mang mi Ngurid hing
giira tu mring cua Nguoi, during loi ciia Quoc nung nau Qua Lugn cuong, Nguyen Ai Quric da
te Cgng sin voi during loi cich mang cua Dang tim thiy during di, cho dua vi ngurin sire manh Cgng san Dong Duong Di}' la moc ljch sir dan de vuon tod cii dich cua cugc dau tranh giai den thing lgi Cach mang thing Tim 1945, mri phring dan trie Nhung dieu niy da giii dap
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nhimg bin khoin thie mic cua Nguyen Ai Quric
tmoc cau hoi: Phai dimg ve Qudc te II Quoc ti
II rudi hay Quoc te IIP dang dien ra trong cic
cugc tranh luin vo ciing srii dpng trong Ding Xa
hiii Phip curii nam 1920 Luin cuong cua Lenin
cung \rid su giup dg cua nhung dring chi trgng
Dang Xi hgi Phap da dua Nguyen Ai Quoc som
di den qm'et dinh quan trgng: Di theo Quoc te
thir ba (Quric te Cgng sin) trong cugc diu tranh
giii phring thuric dja
Tuy nhien ngay tir tmric khi sang Lien Xo
Nguyen Ai Quric da the hien tinh sing tao cich
mang trong viec nghien cun during loi cua
Quric te Cgng sin Nguyen Ai Quric tin theo
Lenin, tin theo Quric te Cgng sin nhung khring
"tiep thu ci grii" during lrii cua tri chirc nay
Ngurii som tim hieu during lrii chinh trj cua to
chuc niy Bj loi curin brii ly turing giii phring
thugc dja cua Quoc te Cring sin, nhung Ngurii
cung dring thai srim thay ci nhung mat ban che
trong during Irii cu the cua nri tren thuc te Ngay
tir nim 1921 trong bai Dong Duong (sri I)
ding tren tap chi La Revue Communistes, sri 14
thing 4-1921, Nguyen Ai Quoc da viet "Tuy
rang Quoc te Cgng sin da lam chg van de thugc
dia cri dugc lim quan trgng ximg ding \'gi nri
bang cich coi nri li thugc ve nhimg vin de thai
sir khan truong nhat nhimg trong thuc tien cic
ban thugc dja ri cic curing quric thuc dan, cho
den nay, vin chua quan tim den vin de niy,
tham chi cac ban nay ciing chua xem xet vin de
mgt each nghiem tuc!"' Vi trgng bai Dong
Duong (so 2) cung ding trong La Revue
Communists sri 15 thing 5-1921, Nguyen Ai
Quric lien doan: " xd nhung ly do ljch su cho
phep chu nghTa cring sin thim nhap de dang
vio chau A ban la ri chiu Au"" Tren thuc te, diy li nhin tri mang tinh quyd dinh de Nguyen
Ai Quric \'ua di}' manh boat dpng vua bi mil tim during sang Lien Xri de gap Lenin, true tiep tiep thu during lrii cua Quoc te Cong sin
Giiia nim 1923 Nguyen Ai Quric bi mat rrii Phip sang Lien Xo lim viec trong Ban Phuang Dring cua Quric te Cong sin Ngurii tro thinh sinh vien Irip ngin ban cua Tmong Dai hpc Phuang Dong (curii nim 1923) Dupe true tiep hpc tap \ i lim viec o dat nuric cua Lenin - que huong cua Cich mang thing Murii Nguyen Ai Quoc cang cri dieu kien mri rong tim mit va hpc tip ly luin cich mang Ngurii say sua nghien cim during lrii chien luge, sach luge cua Quric te Cring sin qua cic vin kien dai hrii, hrii nghi Ban Chap hinh vi Doin Chu tich Quric te Cgng san; tinh hinh cic thugc dia tren the gioi; chinh sich cua cic de quric drii voi cac thugc dja cua chung, Ngurii nghien cun sau sac nhung quan diem cua Lenin ve van de din trie
vi thugc dja qua nhifrig lu lieu chua cring bri vi
ci nhirng y kien crin dang trao drii tranh luan tai Quric te Cgng sin Tai diy, Ngurii dugc tiep xuc vrii nhieu dai bieu ciia nhieu ding cgng sin anh em trong Quric te Cgng san nhieu ngurii dung dau cic tri chirc quric te nhu Drimban (Ba Lan) Ganvan (Mehicri), Ritto (Tiep Khic), Buocghi (Dire) Colarrip (Bungari)
Voi tu cich la dai bieu ciia thuric dja tai Lien
Xo Nguyen Ai Quric da tham du nhieu hgi nghj quric te quan frgng vi cri nhung dring grip mang tinh ly luin vi thuc tien ve vin de din trie va thuric dia Thring qua nhung bai phit bieu bii
viet cua Nguyen Ai Quric ding tren bao Su That,
La Vie Oui-iere, Qudc ti Ndng ddn Quae te Cong
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Trang 4SONGHlEPVATOTOONGHd CHi MINH
hgi do, Nir cong nhdn va fren tap san Thu tin quoc cung cap cin bg lanh dao cho hg va chi chg hg te{ Quoc te Cgng sin cri them cii nhui tiiuc te con during di tod giii phring
ve tiiugc dja Die biet, nhung lan phit bieu cua Thii dg thing thin va nhung de nghj cu the Nguyen Ai Quric tai Dai hgi V Quric te Cgng sin c6 sire thuyet phuc cua Nguyen Ai Quric doi lim cho nhung nguoi cgng sin chau Au tiiiy rg vod cic ding cgng sin da cri tic dgng tich cue hgn tinh frang cua cac tiiugc dja tiiat vg cung bi den Dai hgi Mgt sri ding cgng sin sau dri da bri tiiim Nggai Dring Duong, Nguoi con neu len sung vi dieu chinh during loi, die biet li Ding tiiuc frang bj ip birc, dau kho, lac hau cua cic Cgng sin Phip frgng van de thugc dja
tiiugc dja Anh, Phip, Italia, Tay Ban Nha, Bo Nho hoat dgng cua Nguyen Ai Quric mi Quric Dag Nha, Diic g chiu A hay chau Phi, vrii te Cgng sin vi cic ding cgng sin anh em biet ro nhieu din chung, so lieu cri sire manh to cio sau hon tinh hinh cich mang o Dring Duong va co
sac cich nhin vi thuc te hon frong viec giup do nhan
Tir thuc frang dang "bio dgng" ay, Nguyen din Dring Duong vugt qua nhirng khri khin tmric
Ai Quoc neu len su can thiet phii cri nhin thirc sir khung bo, din ip da man cua de quoc Phip dung din ve van de thugc dja Nguoi cho ring Ciing chinh tai moi fruong Quoc te Cgng sin nhirng ngurii cring sin can phii coi van de din frong tiioi gian 1923-1924, Nguyen Ai Quoc cri trie thugc dia la mgt bg phin cua cich mang vo dieu kien bo sung vi phit frien sing tao nhihig
sin vi chuyen chinh vo sin Vi vay, phii thiet tix tuong mod mi tmric het li frr tuong ve cich
lap moi quan he chit che giiia phong trio giii mang giii phring dan tgc g cic nuric thugc dja phring dan trie o thugc dja vrii cich mang vri Nguod chi ro: Can phii hieu ring chu nghTa Mic sin o chinh quoc Ngurid da thing thin vach rri dugc xay dung chu yeu fren nen ljch sir chau cic ding cgng sin cua Phap, Anh, Hi Lan, Bi Au Vi vay, cin dugc bg simg, ciing cri nri bing
va nhieu nuric khic hiu nhu "chua lam gi trgng din tgc hgc phuong Dong, can thay chu nghTa viec giio due cho giai cip cong nhan nuric din tgc li dpng luc Ion cua dat nuoc Vi vi vay, minh biet ve thuric dja ve tinh than quoc te chu doi vod cic dan tgc phuong Dong, cin phii "phit nghia chan chinh" vi de nghi hg "phii gin lien dgng chu nghTa dan tgc bin xir nhan danh Quric
lod noi vod hinh dgng trong viec thuc hien te Cgng sin"'^ D6 la kk qui ciia sir ket hpp
chinh sich thuric dja" Nhung y kien dri tmric nhuin nhuyen vi sang tag nhung quan di^m ciia day da dugc Nguod frinh bay g Dai hgi Dang Qugc te Cgng sin voi nhiing nhin thirc mod cua Cgng sin Phap, song lan niy sau sac, day du va Nguyen Ai Quoc Nhung luin di^m mod ay
CO he thring hon, nhit li viec khing djnh thii dg dugc Nguod thk hien khi hoin chinh qua cic tic
leninnit doi vod van de thugc dja phim vi bii viet frgng nhifrig nim hgat dgng tai Dong thod, Nguyen Ai Quoc ciing chi ra sire Trung Quoc (1924-1927)
manh va long cam thii cua nguod din thugc dja Luin diem dau tien cua Nguyen Ai Qugc chi frong sir nghiep dau tranh giii phring din tgc ro: chu nghTa m bin li con dia hai vrii, nri Quoc te Cgng sin cin phii giup hg tri chirc lai, khring chi la ke tliu true tiep, nguy hai nhat ciia
22 TAP CHi UCH SO OANG-Sd 1/2009
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nhan din cic nuric thugc dja mi crin la ke thu
chung cua giai cap cring nhin vi nhan din lao
dring tren loan the girii Luin diem dri la sir phit
trien sing tao quan diem cua Lenin ve van de
thuric dja Ngurid khang djnh: each mang giai
phring dan trie ri cic nuric thugc dja muon
thing lgi phii lien hgp, dgin ket chat che vrii
nhau vi dri li mgt trong nhung "cai cinh cua
each mang vo sin" Tuy nhien cich mang giai
phring dan trie lai khring hoan toin phu thuric
vio cich mang vri sin ri chinh quoc, mi cri tinh
chu dring Trong nhung dieu kien nhit djnh,
cich mang ri thugc dja cri the nri ra v i thanh
cring tmric each mang vri sin ri chinh quric Vi
trong tmring hpp ay, "hp cri the giup dri nhung
ngurii anh em minh ri phuong Tiy trong nhiem
vu giii phring hoin toin"^
Su khing djnh tren day cua Nguyen Ai
Quric da chi ra su ban che ciia quan diem cho
rang cich mang vo sin quyet djnh each mang
thugc dja, dring thrii ciing vach ra nhihig quan
diem "ti" khic cho rang cich mang ri chau Au
phu thuric vio cich mang ri phuang Dong, ring
sri phin cua phuang Tiy hoin toin phu thugc
vag mirc do phit trien vi lire lugng each mang
ri cac nuric phuang Dong'' Luin diem ve khi
nang cich mang thugc dja cri the giinh thing
lgi tmric each mang vri sin ri chinh quric li
quan diem dric lip, sing tao cua Nguyen Ai
Quric, cri gii trj ly luan vi thuc tien rat Ion Vrii
quan diem niy, Nguyen Ai Quoc da grip phan
quan trgng vio viec bri sung vi phit trien m
tuong cua Lenin ve van de dan trie vi thugc dja,
grip phin quan trgng vig viec hgan chinh
during lrii cich mang giii phring dan trie cua
Quric te Cgng sin
Luan diem thir hai la tu mring cich mang
khong ngimg, cich mang triet de Ngm'en Ai Quric xac djnh during loi chien luge cua cich mang ri thugc dja li di hr giai phring dan trie trii giii phring giai cap, giii phring con nguoi hic
li lam cich mang giai phring din trie rrii tien len cich mang xa hgi chu nghTa De lim dugc dieu
do, phii tien hanh each mang den cung phii cich mang den noi, phii dem chinh qm'en giao cho din chung sri nhieu khong de trong tay mgt it nguod, cri nhu the din chung mrii dugc huong hanh phuc^ Nhu viy, tmric het phii lim cich mang giii phring din trie, thuc hien nhiem
vu chu yeu la dinh duoi de quric xim luge sau
do tien len cich mang xa hrii chu nghia
Luan diem thir ba li vai trri ciia mat tran din trie thring nhat trong cich mang giii phring dan trie Nguyen Ai Quric da cri dring grip vi lim phong phu them ve nrii dung, hinh thirc vi phuong phip boat dring cua mat tran thong nhat chring de quric ri cic nuoc thuric dja vi nua thugc dja Ngurii srim cho ring can phai khoi day vi phit huy tmyen thring doan ket din trie, tap hgp mgi lire lugng yeu nuric, lay cring nring lam gric, do giai cip cring nhin lanh dao Cri nhu viy mrid tao nen dugc su'c manh toin dan trie de chien thing de quric
Luin diem thir tu de cap den vai frri ciia ding cgng sin drii voi each mang giii phring dan trie Nguyen Ai Quoc chi ro; each mang muon thing lgi fruric het phii cri dang cich mang, cri dgi ngu cin i)ri ding vien cri ly tuong, lap tmong va dao dire cich mang, cri quyet tim chien dau vi ly turing giai phring dan trie vi nhin loai "Ding cri vung each mang moi tiiinh cring, ciing nhu ngiroi cim lii cri vung thuyen mrii chav"
TAP CHI UCH SO OANG-SO 1/2009 23
Trang 6SO NGHIEP VA TO TOdNG HO CHi MINH
3 Ngiroi thuc hen thdnh cong Hgi nghi hop nliat hgp nhat cac tri chirc cgng sin Viet Nam thanh cdc to chirc cgng sdn a Dong Dirong theo duong Ding Cgng sin Viet Nam cung khing djnh sir loi ciia Quoc ti Cgng sdn dung din cua Nguyen Ai Quric trgng viec thinh
Mua he nim 1927, khi Nguyen Ai Qugc lap Ding ta dau nim 1930: " khi thinh lap
dang hgat dgng b Trung Qugc thi Turing Giod Ding Cgng sin Dong Duong thong nhat vio
Thach tien hinh dig chinh phin cich mang ngiy 6-1-1930 theg sing kien cua dring chi Nguyen Ai Quric bi mat frg lai Mitxcova de Quric Sing kien do li can thiet vi trit"
tiep nhin nhihig cong viec mod cua Quoc te Trong mgt birc thu crin it nguoi biet tod cua Cgng sin Theo su phin cong, Nguod den Ban Chap hinh Ding Cgng sin Dring Duong Bnicxen (Bi), rrii qua Dire, Thuy ST, Italia, gui Quoc te Cgng sin, de ngiy 17-4-1931 co Phip, Xiem Curii nim 1929, Nguyen Ai Quoc doan: "Vao giira nam 1929, sau su tan ra cua
hi Xiem den Tmng Quoc Trong thod gian nay, "Ding" each mang thanh nien An Nam, mot cri the Nguod biet dugc Nghj quyet cua Quoc te vii nhrim cgng sin da dugc hinh thinh, it nhat Cgng sin ve viec thinh lip Ding Cgng sin ciing dugc ggi nhu the Chiing cri xu huong Dong Duong di soan thio vi thio luin tai Ban cgng sin, nhung hi mring vi to chirc crin xa voi Phugng Dong tu: thing 10-1929'^ Vi vay, m mring vi to chirc cgng sin Khring mgt nhrim Nguyen Ai Quric di bi mat hi Xiem den Hring nig trgng cic nhrim niy dugc Quric te Cgng Cring (Tmng Quric) tri chirc Hgi nghj hgp nhit sin cring nhan li trit nhat, cri sire manh nhat de cic tri chirc cgng sin thinh Ding Cgng sin Viet trri thinh hat nhin cua Ding Quoc te Cgng sin
Nam Dri la mgt sir sang tao each mang vT dai b Mitxcgva da cri chu tmong trong viec niy, da cua lanh hi Nguyen Ai Quric Trong tic pham thong qua Nghi quyet, xic djnh dieu kien thanh
cri tinh tring ket ljch sir Ding diu tien ciia Ding lap Ding Cgng sin Dong Duong Nrii cich
t2i: So thdo lich sir phong trdo cgng sdn o Dong khic, nhiem vu dit ra tmric chiing ta la tap Duong, cua Hong The Cong (tire Hi Huy Tap) tmng tit ca nhung phin tir tot nhat ciia tat ci
viet:" Dong chi Nguyen Ai Quoc di cri sing cac nhrim vio mgt tri chirc vi thring nhat hp kien de ra vi lanh dao cong cugc thring nhat"'" tren nen ting mgt cuong ITnh chinh trj dugc Tai lieu "Ky niem 7 nim ngiy thinh lap Dang thio ra tren eg sri nghj quyet vi chi thj cua
Cgng sin Dong Duong" viet ngiy 30-12-1936 Quric te Cgng sin Rat tiec, Nghi quyit nay cung chg biet: "Sau cugc chia re iy, b Dong dugc thong qua thing 12-1929 vai thing sau
Duong niy ra ba doin the (nhom) cgng sin, ai mod tod dugc Dring Duong Con trong thod gian
nay deu het sire di thau phuc quin chung vi het do, b diy Nguyen Ai Qugc da niy ra sang kien
sire muon thong nhit Dong chi Nguyen Ai thong nhat cic nhom con lai"'\
Quoc vi muon thong nhit cugc cgng sin van Ve phia Nguyen Ai Quric, frgng cac van kien dgng, nen dong chi di tu sang kien trieu tap hgi Ngurid viet dau nam 1930 cri lien quan d^n su nghj thring nhat Dri li mot sing kien dung vrid kien thinh lip Ding Cgng sin Viet Nam, khring dai y cua Quric te Cgng sin" Le Hring Phgng, thiy nrii ve viec nhin dugc nghj quyet ciia Quric
trong bio cio giri Quoc te Cgng sin, ben canh te Cgng sin Tuy nhien, frong Lai keu ggi nhan nhifrig quan diem "ti " co y phe phin hinh thu'c djp thinh lip Ding, Nguyen Ai Quoc vik ro:
24 TAP CHi LICH SLf OANG - Sd 1/2009
Trang 7so NGHI$PVA TO TOdNGHd CHi MINH
"Nhin chi thj cua Quric te Cgng sin giai quyet
\ in de cich mang a nuric ta, trii da hoin thinh
nhiem vu "''* Ding Cgng sin Viet Nam di
dugc thinh lap, vi curii Loi keu ggi de rri "Thay
mat Qudc ti Cgng san vd Ddng Cgng sdn Viet
Nam - NGUYEN Al QU6C"'l Trong Bdo cdo
gin Qudc te Cgng san de ngiy 18-2-1930,
Nguoi vid: Nhan dugc chi thj cua Quric te Cgng
san ve cring tic ri Dring Duong trii di Tmng
Quric Sau dri, trii trieu tip cac dai bieu Chung
trii cung nhau xic djnh cuong ITnh vi chien luge
theo during lrii cua Quoc te Cgng sin"'^
Nhu viy, tren cuong vj "Phii vien cua Quric
te Cgng sin", Nguyen Ai Quric da kjp thoi giii
quyet dugc yeu cau cap bich cua cich mang
Viet Nam li thanh lap mgt ding cring sin de
srim chim dirt tinh trang "hai nhrim cung sir
dung nhieu - neu khring nrii li tit ci - nghj lire vi
thrii gian trong curie diu tranh nrii b>ri be phii"'''
Viec thinh lap Ding Cring sin Viet Nam da
lim cho luc lugng cua Quoc te Cgng sin Ion
them ve sri lugng, cri them mgt chi bg ri
phuang Dong de linh dao theo during lrii cua
Quric te Cgng sin Viec thinh lip Ding Cring
sin Viet Nam cua Nguyen Ai Quric di nrii len
tam cao chinh trj cua Nguoi mi nhieu lanh tu
cring sin duong thai khring dat trii dugc
4 Anh huong cua dirdng loi "ta khuynh"
trong phong ti-do cgng san quoc te vd nhimg
ndm thdng gian ti-iidn eiia Nguyen Ai Quoc tgi
Quoc te Cgng san (1934-1938)
Ngay tir nim 1920 trgng tic phim "Benh du
ti-i "ta khuynh" trong phong trdo cgng san"
Lenin da chi ra tinh eg hgi giao dieu, thieu kinh
nghiem, trinh do ly luin thap kdn cua nhung
ngurii cring san tre turii Bieu hien cua nri rit da
dang, nhu rap khurin mi} mric, khring tham gia
nghj tmring khring hgp tic vrii cic giai cip
Irons cuoc dau tranh chuna Lenin cho rina, day li ngu}' co chu }'eu cua phong trio cring sin quric te, neu khring kien quyet chring lai nhirng sai lim nhu the, chong nhifrig dieu "ti" nhu viy, thi toin bri phong trio se khong frinh khrii tan ra Bieu hien cu the vi tic hai ciia trio luu
"ti khuynh" ri mrii nuric khic nhau nhimg tic hai thi that khon luring
0 Viet Nam, dri li nhiing phe phin thieu
cin cir mgt so vin de trong van kien do Nguyen Ai Quric soan thio vi thring qua tai Hgi nghj hgp nhit Dang Cgng sin Viet Nam diu nim 1930 nhu ten Ding, qui trinh hpp nhat van de mat trin, thii dp drii vrii giai cip
tu sin din trie, phu nring v.v
Tren thuc te su ra drii cua Ding Cong san Viet Nam diu nim 1930 li buric ngoat ljch su
vT dai ciia cich mang Viet Nam Nhung quan diem vi nhin djnh cua Nguyen Ai Quric tai Hrii nghj thinh lip Ding li dung din, phu hpp vrii tinh hinh chinh trj, xa hrii ri Viet Nam vi Dong Duong trong thrii diem dri Tuy nhien, ngay sau Hgi nghj thinli lip Dang, nhung quan didn cua Nguyen Ai Quric vi Ding Cgng sin Viet Nam
bj Quric te Cgng sin vi theo dri la mgt sri ngurii linh dao cua Ding Cgng sin Dring Duong xem
xd lai, phe phin
Bj chi phrii brii during loi "ti khuynh", qui
de cao diu tranh giai cip ciing vcri co che chi dao tip tmng mi Quric te Cgng san vi mgt sri dring chi lanh dao cua Dang Cgng sin Dong Duong hi Tran Phu - Tring Bi thu diu tien cua Dang den cic Tong Bi thu tiep theo nhu Le Hong Phong, Hi Huy Tap deu phe phin ten ggi va mgt so quan diem chinh trj trong cic vin kien do Nguyen Ai Quric khoi thao dugc Hgi nghj hpp nhit dau nim 1930 thring qua
TAPCHiUCHSlJOANG-Sd 1/2009 25
Trang 8sir NGHIEP V A T O T O Q N G H O CHl MINH
Tai Hgi nghj toan thk Ban Chip hanh Tmng Den Dai hgi VII, khi Quric te Cgng sin da tu
uong lan thir nhit thing 10-1930, Trin Phii da phe binh ve during loi "ta khuynh" cua minh thi
coi Chdnh cuong vdn tdt vi Sdch luge vdn tdt Ban lanh dao Ding Cgng sin Dong Duong sau
cua Ddng dg Nguyen Ai Qugc khod thao va Dai hgi lan thir nhat thing 3-1935 van con viet
thring qua tai Hgi nghj hpp nhit thing 2-1930 Thu giri Quric te Cgng sin big cio ye viec phe
la trai vod during loi cua Quoc tk Cgng sin (?) phin cic quan diem cua Nguyen Ai Qugc tai
Tiep hic mach phe phin niy Hi Huy Tap ciing Hgi nghj hgp nhat Ding hrii dau nam 1930: De chg ring "during lrii chinh fri cua Hgi nghj hpp nghj dring chi Lin viet mgt quyen sich de tu nhat va dring ehi Nguyen Ai Quric deu sai lam phe binh nhiing khuyet diem da qua
tren nhiSu phugng dien" Vi "Nhiing nhin djnh Ve phan minh, Nguyen Ai Quric khring vi
ve cac die diem cua nen kinh te Dring Duong the mi nan long Trii lai, Nguod van kien tri that qui mg ho, khong diy du vi sai lech Hgi hgat dgng de bag ve cic quan diem dung dan nghi thring nhat da sai mgt cich tai hai vag ly cua minh
thuyet CO hgi "giai the chu nghTa thuc dan" cua Cri the danh gii khii quit nhirng khri khan,
M Rrii va be lii"'^ gian tman cua lanh tu Nguyen Ai Quric tren Cri the nrii, fren nhieu van de tir during loi duod mgt thip ky, qua "Thu giri mgt dring chi chien luge, chi dag sich luge frgng cic vin o Quric te Cgng sin" ngiy 6-6-1938: "Horn kien dugc Nguyen Ai Quric khod thio vi Hgi nay li ngiy ky niem lan thir biy viec trii bj bat
nghj hgp nhit thong qua deu bj phe phan gay giii" b Hong Cong Dri ciing li ngay mo dau
git, vi coi nhu "pham mgt sai lam vi thieu sot nim thir tim tinh trang khong hoat dgng cua giy nen nhung hau qua nghiem trgng chg trii Nhan djp niy, trii viet thu giri dong chi de phong trio cich mang" xin dong chi giup dd toi thay doi tinh cinh dau
Li ngurid som nhin thirc dugc vin de dan tgc buon nay
vi xu ly dung din nguyen ly Mic-Lenin ve sir Dong chi hay phin toi di dau do Hoac gitii thong nhit bien chimg van de dan trie - giai cip, toi ri lai day Hay giag chg trii lim mgt viec gi van de quoc gia vod quric te, giiia dgc lip dan tgc ma theo dong ehi li cri ich Dieu toi muon de vod chu nghia xa hgi, Nguyen Ai Quric da khring nghj vrid dring chi la dimg de trii sring qui lau
bj rgi vig vring xgiy cua xu the "ti khuynh" trong tinh trang khong hoat dgng vi giring nhu
dang trin tai frong Quoc te Cgng sin sau khi V.l la sring o^ ben canh, a ben nggii ciia Ding"^l
Lenin qua dod, die biet li tu: sau Dai hgi VI (nim Ro ring khoing thrii gian mi Nguyen Ai 1928) Tuy nhien, chinh Nguyen Ai Quric ciing Quric phai trii qua trgng tinh trang nhu khring
bj ginh chju mgt phin hau qui cua during loi "ti dugc giag nhiem vu chinh thirc, thi8u kinh phi khuynh" ay Hgi nghj Ban Chap hanh Trung va cic di§u kien de hgat dgng la mgt thir uong thing 10-1930 duod sir chu fri cua dong chi thich khic nghiet doi vod mgt nguod cgng san
Tran Phu da ra An nghi quyet: "Thu tieu Chinh chin chinh, sing tag, ua hgat dgng Va chi co
cuong, Sdch luge va Dieu le cua Ding (do nguod cgng sin vihig tin, giiu trii nghiem nhu
Nguyen Ai Quric khod thao) vi doi ten la Ding Nguyen Ai Quric mrii cri th^ vugt qua nhifrig Cgng sin Dring Dugng"' khri khan mring chimg nhu khring the de tu bao
26 TAP CHi UCH SIJ DANG-Sd 1/2009
Trang 9SONGHlEPVATOTOONGHd CHI MINH
ve bin thin, kien tri giir vung quan diem ma
van chap hanh to chirc ciia Ding do minh lip
ra van tin vio ly mring cua Quric te Cgng sin
La ngurii da timg tham gia cic cugc thao
luin trong cac ciu lac bg ri Phip khi bag ve
cic quan diem._cua Quric te Cgng sin, true tiep
tiep thu tu tuong cua Lenin ve van de dan trie
va thuric dja vi ip dung sang tao nhung quan
diem ay vio Dring Duong v i Viet Nam, nen
Nguyen Ai Quric rit tin turing vio nhiing quan
diem, during lrii cich mang d i neu ra trong
Hgi nghj hgp nhit cic tri chiic cgng sin v i
trong cugc cich mang giii phring dan trie Hon
the, trong sir phit trien phu'c tap cua tinh hinh
cua Quric te Cgng sin v i cich mang Dring
Duong, Nguyen Ai Quoc kien tri va luon lurin
giir vung nguyen tic to chirc cua Dang Dri li
nhung yeu to giup Nguoi vugt qua nhiing nim
thing gian tman Gan 4 nim sau Dai hgi lin
thir Vll cua Quric te Cgng sin, khi during lrii
mat tran thring nhat rgng rai dugc Tong Bi thu
Ban Chip hinh Quoc te Cgng sin G
DimitoTop tri ro sire manh hgn hin during lrii
"giai cap chring giai cap" tmoc day thi moi
quan he giu:a Nguyen Ai Quric vrii Quric te
Cgng sin vi Ding Cgng sin Dong Duong mrid
dugc thiet lip trri lai Tir dri, tu turing Nguyen
Ai Quric - Ho Chi Minh da nhanh chring phit
huy sire sring each mang cua nri
1, 2, 5 Ho Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H, 1995,
Tl,fr27,35,36
3 Cac bai dang Iren bao La Vie Omriere "Chinh
sach thuc dan" Anh", "Phong frao cong nhan", "Nhat
Ban" (9-11-1923), "Tmh canh nong dan Trung
Quoc" (4-1-1924), "Phong trao cong nhan ri Vien Dong" (25-1-1924)
- Cac bai dang fren bao Pravada (Lien Xo):
"Lenin va cac dan trie thuoc dja" (27-1-1924)
- Cac bai dang fren tap san Inprekorr (Thu lin
quoc te): "Dong Duong va Thai Binh EXrong" so 18-1924; "Chii nghia de quoc Phap dam lam nhung gi?", sri 20-1924; "Hanh hinh kiiu Linsa", s6 59-1924;
"Cac nuric de quoc chii nghla va Trung Quoc", so 67-1924; "Cong cuoc khai hoa giet ngurii", so 69-67-1924;
"Chu nghia thuc dan bj len an", so 73-1924,
4 Xem: Sdd tr 465467
6 Dai bieu cua quan diem nay la M.M Roi (An Dp) cho rang: thieu cuoc lien cong phuang Dong (y noi each mang thuoc dja) ihi each mang chau Au (chi each mang vo san ri chinh quoc) se dan den so 0 (so khong)
7, 8 Hd Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H, 1995, T
2, fr 270,268
9 Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Ddng Todn
lap CTQG, H, 1998, T.l, fr 593-621
10 19, 20 Hong The Cong: Sathdo lich sir phong
trdo edng sdn a Ddng Duang, 1933, Ban chup luu lai
Vien Ho Chi Minh
11 Dang Cong san Dong Duong: "Ky niem 7 nam ngay thanh lap Dang Cong san Dong Duong", Luu lai kho Luu trir Trung uang Dang
12 Dang Cong san Viel Nam: Vdn kien Ddng
Todn lap, CTQG, H, 2002, T 5, Ir 285-286
13 Tai lieu rieng Nga, luu tai Trung tam luu triJ Nga bao ton va nghien cuu cac tai lieu ljch sir hien dai
14,15, 16,17, 22 Hd Chi Minh Todn tap CTQG,
H, 1995, T.3,fr 8,10,11-12,79
\l,2\.Vdn kien Ddng Todn lap, CTQG H, 1998,
T.2, fr 21, 108-112
18 Xem: Lenin Todn lap, Tien bp, M, 1977, T
41, fr Vin, XXI, 49, 51
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