nguyen tic hoat ddng ciia WTO vi tir thuc lidn trong thdi gian hgi nhip vtra qua ciia eic DN Viet Nam, budc diu, chiing la cd the nhan djnh vi tin tudng ring, cic DN Viet Nam di nhan[r]
Trang 1HaHIEK C 0 U TRAO BOI
CUA TO CH0C THl/OfNG MAI THE GI61
es.rs &INH VAN niN'
I Cac nguyen tac ca ban cua WTO
Td chiie Thuang mai The gidi (WTO) la
mgt td chiic boat ddng ddc lap vdi Lien
hiep qude theo nhirng nguyen tic rat ca
ban vdi van phong hinh chfnh ngin ggn,
dan gian nhung tinh phip ly cao d tim cd
qude te
- Nguyen tac thu nhd't: Khdng phdn biet
ddi xu
Mdi sin pham hang hda, dich vli ciia
mdi thanh vien dugc ddi xir binh dang ddi
vdi cic thanh vien khac; ke ca ddi vdi hang
hda xuat, nhap khiu, ddi vdi cac td chiirc,
cdng dan ciia mgi nudc thanh vien Theo
nguyen tic niy, sin phim hang hda ciia
cic doanh nghiep (DN) Viet Nam dugc ddi
xir binh dang vdi hang hoi cimg loai eiia
DN thuoc cic nudc thinh vien khic Day
chinh li thuin lgi cho cic DN Viet Nam
nhung mat khic, nhirng cam ket song
phuang nhu giam thue xuai thi'p ip dung
vdi nhirng mat hing cu thd ttr mgt sd nudc
cho tat ci cic thinh vien dugc hudng hoae
viec phai loai bd uu dai mgt sd mat hing
trong nude nhu uu dai thue tieu thu dac
biet, chi phi sir dung dien, la cic khd
khan ma cic DN gap phai
- Nguyen tac thu hai: Thuang mgi phdi
ngdy cang difoc tifdo thong qua ddm phdn
Dam phin da phuang thue quan eiia cic
thinh vien dugc giim nhanh, hing rio
thue nhip khau cung giam din, ban che
dinh lugng bj cim sir dung, ca hgi ngang
bing han cho mgi DN Cac hing rao eatl trd thuang mai din din dugc loai bd, cic cugc dim phin song phuang va da phudrlg tao dieu kien de cic nha san XUi't - kirlh doanh hidu biet lin nhau vd sd trudng, itial hing vi ca ci'u, ttr dd tao lip chien lugc kinh doanh cd hieu qua Tuy nhien, nhirng thach thii'c mdi se ddng thdi xay ra; nhi6u dac quyen ciia mdt sd DN se bi loai bd; nhirng ring huge vd thue trin cung dugc tao ra, nhidu bat cip trudc quan he qud'c tC
- Nguyen tdc thd ba: Dd difdodn
Cic tip doan kinh te, cac nha sin xuit -kinh doanh dua tren ca sd he thdng bao hd ciia cic ddi tic theo chieu hudng giam cd the vach ra nhu'ng chien lugc va ke hoach dii ban Cac nhi diu tu nudc ngoai se tifi tudng vao cac hing rio thuang mai, cac cam ket thue quan va cic bien phap rang budc phip ly Dieu dd tao thuin lgi ldn trong san xuit - kinh doanh Cung ttr day nbii'ng khd khan ldn ciia cic DN sin xuai hang hda vi cung cap dich vu la true dieti trong canh tranh vdi hing nhip khau va dich vu trong nudc va nudc ngoai
- Nguyen tac thu tu: Tgo ra moi trifdng
cgnh tratih ngay cang binh ddng
Hiu het cic nudc phat trien phai glAtti trg ci'p cho nhieu hing hda; ttr dd, cac ON
cd siic canh tranh ting len, han che cac bien phip canh tranh khdng binh ding nhu
• Pho Gidm ddc Hoc vieh Hanh fchfhh
2'
TAP CHi QUAN L'i' NHA N U 6 C - sd 167 (12-2009)
Trang 2NGHIEN CL/U - TRAO 001
phi gia, trg gii hay dac quyen cho mdt sd
DN Chinh vi vay, cin cd ca che va bg may
hanh chfnh ehdng eanh tranh khdng linh
manh Nhieu DN se mai dae quyen trong
xuit, nhip khiu
- Nguyen tdc thu tidm: Danh cho cdc
thdnh vien dang phdt trien mgt sd uu ddi
Cd the duy tri chinh sich bao hg cho
cac nganh sin xuii non tre cd tiem nang
trong tuang lai trong mdt thdi gian xie
dinh nhu cho quydn va khong phai thuc
hien mgt sd nghia vu hay cd thdi gian qui
do dii ban de thuc hien tirng budc dieu chinh chinh sich Nhung chfnh dieu dd cung lao ra nhirng sir y lai khdng binh dang trong canh tranh, lim giim sii'e manh canh tranh trong didu kien khdng uu dai
2 Bd may quan ly hanh chinh ciia
W T O - • • - ,:• „
Bg may quan ly hanh chfnh ciia WTO dugc id chiic mgt cich chat ehe, hoin chinh, ggn nhe, bao quit day dii cac mat hoat dgng, the hien qua sa dd saU:
( ) i
Day li mdt bd may quiti ly hinh chinh
kinh te trong pham vi quo'c te da dat den
mdt trinh do eao, dip ii'ng cic yeu ciu boat
ddng sau:
- Binh ding vi ddc lap trong mgi td
chirc
- Phin ro chii'c nang, nhidrri Vti, quydn ban vi ngi dung cdng viec, chi ro cic mdi quan he ngang quan he tren dudi, quan he
da phuang vi song phuang giua cie td chirc trong toan he thd'ng ;,,, , , '" - Hoat dgng cd hieu luc va hieu qui cao
TAP CHl QUAN LY NHA NUdC - s6 167 (12-2009)
Trang 3NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO DOI
Bd miy hanh chinh kinh te qud'c te niy
da bao triim vi dieu chinh dai da sd thuang
phin trong toin bd boat ddng thuang mai
qude te
Ca quan quyen luc cao nhit ciia td chiic
nay la Hdi nghi Bd trudng Hdi nghi Bd
trudng dugc hgp ft nhit hai nim mdt lan,
giira hai ki hgi nghi, cd Dai hdi ddng bao
gdm dai dien cd thim quyen ciia tit ca cic
thinh vien Diy li ca quan thudng true bio
eio len Hdi nghi Bd trudng vi cd vai trd
giii quyet tranh chip, ra soit chfnh sich
ciia toin he thdng Dudi Dai hdi ddng li
Hdi ddng Thuang mai hing hda, Hdi ddng
Thuang mai du ljch vi Hdi ddng ve cic
khia canh lien quan den Thuong mai ciia
quyen sd hiru tri tue Cic Hdi ddng cd
trich nhiem dieu hinh viee thuc hien Hiep
dinh WTO Tham gia cic Hdi ddng li dai
dien cic thinh vien True thudc cic Hdi
ddng li cic iiy ban vi ca quan giam sat
tuong ling
Ttr khi ra ddi vi boat ddng den nay, td
chiic niy da dat dugc nhirng ddng thuin rat
CO ban Cd the ndi, phin ldn cic quyet
dinh ciia WTO ddu thdng qua tren ca sd
ddng thuan Tuy nhien, cung ed nhieu
quyet dinh dugc thuc hien thdng qua viec
bd phieu ciia eic thinh vien binh dang va
cd gii tri ngang nhau
Bg miy quan ly hinh chfnh ciia WTO
boat ddng tren nguyen tic binh dang trong
thuang mai da tao ra mdt nen thuang mai
the gidi giiia cic DN, giiia cic qude gia
vira hgp tic, vira canh tranh, thiic diy su
phit trien kinh te - xa hdi trong pham vi
ttrng quo'c gia cung nhu pham vi toin ciu
3 Thdi CO ddi vdi doanh nghiep Viet
Nam
,i a Thdi ca
,: C!ac DN Viet Nam da tiep cin tdi thi
trudng ciia tat ca cac thanh vien tren ca sd
quan he binh dang ciia WTO; ciing da the
hien day dii siic canh tranh, day du su hgp
tie vdi thi trudng the gidi Tuy nhien, cac
DN vira va nhd cua Viet Nam cung ein
phai nhin rd nhu'ng lgi the cua minh trong hdi nhip WTO, dd la:
- Cac DN Viet Nam nim d vi tri dia ly thuin lgi, khdng xa giiia cac trung tam kinh te thuang mai Bic - Nam, Ddng - Tay ciia the gidi nen cac DN Viet Nam cd ca hdi phat trien nhiing nginh kinh te quan trgng trong hdi nhip kinh te WTO nhu bmi chinh vidn thdng, hing hai, hang khdng, dudng sit, dudng bd, dich vu cang bien
- Cac DN Viet Nam cd ngudn nhin luc ddi dao trudc mit, hien tai la chi phi lao ddng thi'p
- Ngudn tai nguyen thien nhien cua cac
DN Viet Nam phong phii, du dieu kien de phit trien nhirng nganh cdng nghiep nang, cdng nghiep de sin xuii ra tu lieu sin xuat (khu vuc I), ddng thdi sin xuii tu lieu tieu dting (khu vuc II) hoin chinh qua trinh tai san xuit md rdng Dieu dd tao dieu kien cho cic DN Viet Nam tien hanh boat ddng thuang mai khdng nhung trong pham vi ndi tai ciia nen kinh te qud'c gia ma ccn trong pham vi thuang mai qude te
- Trong nhirng nam thing hdi nhip WTO, cie DN Viet Nam ludn cd mgt che
do chfnh tri dn dinh, mdt nen tang quan he kinh te da phuang hda, da dang hda, mud'n hgp tie vdi tit c i cac thanh vien WTO va eic nudc tren the gidi tren ca sd tdn trgng ddc lip chu quyen Lgi the dd tao ra nen tang de phit trien quan he thuang mai dat hieu qui cao
b Thach thdc
Ben canh nhirng lgi the dd, cac DN Viet Nam cung gap phai khdng it nhirng kho khan, thich thiic:
- Cae DN Viet Nam cd quy md vtra va nhd, nhieu tdng cdng ty va tip doan kinh
te ra ddi nhung khung phap ly va ca ch^ boat ddng cdn dang trong qua trinh hoan thien Do dd, siic canh tranh ve gia ca, chit lugng, cdng nghe, trf tue va nhan tai con yeu tren thuang trudng
(Xem tiep trang 9)
TAP CHi Q U A N LY N H A NUOC - SO 167 (12-2009)
Trang 4qua ma nhi quin ly mong mudn ngudi
thuc hien cdng viec dat dugc, bao gdm sd
lugng, chat lugng vi thdi ban hoin thinh
cong viec Tuy nhien, trong quin ly
chuyen mdn, nghiep vu khong phai liic nio
cung cd the xac dinh cic tieu chi tren mdt
each rd ring Neu xay dung dugc cie tieu
ehuan thiJc hien cong viec mang tfnh djnh
lugng cao se cd tic dung tfch cue trong
edng tic tuydn dung va dinh gii cdng chiic
tren ca sd so sinh nang lire vi eic lieu chf
dugc xie dinh Bdi vay, ddi vdi cic nhiem
vu cd the lugng hoi dugc thi phai xay dung
cac tieu ehuan thuc hien cdng viec theo sd
lugng, chat lugng, thdi ban Ddi vdi cic
nhiem vu khd lugng hoi thi gin chiing vdi
cac quy dinh hoae yeu ciu cita quy trinh
cdng viec de dam bio hieu qua eiia cdng
tic dinh gii
3 Tra luong
Khi da xie djnh cic yeu cau, dieu kien
ddi vdi vi trf viec lim, co quan quan ly
cdng chiirc cin xie djnh miirc luang tuang
ling vdi vi tri dd Phai dam bio thue hien
diing nguyen tic "bing luang, bing viec"
Trong nhirng trudng hgp dac biet ed the tao
ra mdt ca che linh boat ban thdng qua viec
NGHIEN CLTU - TRAO DOI
thoa thuin miirc luang tren ca sd yeu cau, tfnh chii phire tap cita cdng viec va nang luc ciia ling vien (d cic vj trf quin ly ci'p cao hoae vi trf ddi hdi nang lire dac biet) Dieu niy se li dgng lure thu hiit nhirng ngudi gidi tham gia nen cdng vu
Ddi mdi ngi dung vi hinh thiire TTCC la yeu ciu cin thiet hien nay trong bdi einh cii cich hinh chinh vi hgi nhip quo'c le TTCC theo vj trf viec lim se lira chgn dugc ngudi cd du nang lire, phim chat, kT nang, dip ii'ng yeu ciu nhiem vu Mat khic, he thdng tieu chf duge sir dung trong thi tuyen theo vj trf viec lam se li ca sd de dinh gia cdng chiic mgt each minh bach, khich quan, tao ddng lire thuc thi cdng vu vi han che su thien vi ci nhan Do dd, cic van bin hudng din cin sdm dugc thdng qua de
Lucit Cdn bg, cong chdc nhanh chong dugc
trien khai trong thuc le Ddng thdi, phii xay dirng dugc ddng bd he thdng bing phan lich cong viec (ban md ta edng viec
vi ban lieu chuin cong viec) vi miic luong cho ttrng vj trf tai cic co quan, don vj, tao
CO sd de thuc hien ed hieu qua, diing muc dfch cdng tic tuyen dung cdng chirc d nudc ta trong thdi gian tdiG
* fcT* ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ ^ * ^ t *1^ * ^ * I *
tf|v ^ ^ i ^ *J* #1* ^ ^ • ^ * ^ • ^
NGUYEN TAG HOAT DONG VA
(Tidp theo trang 4)
- Li mdt qude gia hdi nhap sau trong
thuang trudng WTO, do dd, Viet Nam cdn
thieu nhirng kinh nghiem ve quin ly, ve
hgp tic vi canh tranh qude te Cic DN
Viet Nam da gap khdng it khd khan trong
canh tranh cic mat; cu the ve thue, gii ci,
thuang mai hang hda vi thuang mai dich
vu, ve khung phip ly ciia qud'c gia va ciia
quoc te
Nghien curu, tim hieu td chiic bg miy
nguyen tic hoat ddng ciia WTO vi tir thuc lidn trong thdi gian hgi nhip vtra qua ciia eic DN Viet Nam, budc diu, chiing la cd the nhan djnh vi tin tudng ring, cic DN Viet Nam di nhan thiic van dung dugc ca che boat ddng ciia WTO, phit huy nhirng lgi the vi khic phuc nbii'ng thich thiic de
cd dugc nhirng hieu qui trong boat dgng sin xuii - kinh doanh, thiic diy nen kinh te nudc ta phit trien, ttrng budc vugt qua cugc khung hoang tii chinh kinh te trong khu vuc vi tren the gidiQ
TAP CHi Q U A N LY N H A N U O C - SO 167 (12-2009)