Chinh bdi vay, sau hon 20 nam tran trd va suy ngim (ke tir khi cupc chien tranh ciia My d Viet Nam ket thiic), Mc Namara - cuu Bp trudng Bp Qudc phdng My thdi T6ng thdng Gidnxon cam [r]
Trang 1KY NIEM 35 NAM NGAY GIAI PHONG MIEN NAM, THONG NHAT DAT NU'OC
» ' ? •> t tC I
NGON CO "DOAN K(T, DOflN m , DRI DOflN KCT" CUfl CHU TICH HO CHI
TRONG TRAN 0 U V ( T CHIC'N CHI(N lUOC MUR XU^N 197S
Thtfffng tuong PHAN TRUNG KIEN
IJy vien Trung uong Dang, Uy vien Quin iiy Trung uong,
Thir tmdng Bp Quoc phong
Cdch day tron 35 ndm, dudi su lanh dgo cua Ddng, quan vd ddn ta dd tien hdnh cuoc Tong tien cong vd noi day miiaXudn 1975, dap tan todn bg quan dgi vd bg mdy hdnh chinh cdc cdp cua chinh quyen Sdi Gon - cong cii thicc hien chu nghia thuc ddn mdi ciia de quoc My - gidi phong hodn todn mien Nam, thong nhdt To qudc, ket thuc thdng lgi 30 ndm chien tranh gidi phong ddn tgc, cham dirt dch thong tri cua chu nghia thuc ddn keo ddi hem mot the ky, dua ddt nudc ta buac sang ky nguyen mdi - ky nguyen dgc lap ddn tgc vd chii nghia xd hoi De co dugc chien cong vi dgi ndy, todn Ddng, todn ddn vd todn quan ta da phdi trdi qua nhung thir thdch day cam go, dc Hit
vd hy sinh; ke thira vd phdt trim truyen thong yeu nudc, y chi quat cifcnig bdt khudi, bdn linh, tri tue Viet Nam dd ndng vi the ddn tgc ta len mot tdm cao mdi Chien cong
vi dgi do ciing chinh Id kit qud cua viec dgng vien, tap hap sue mgnh long hgp cua todn ddn tgc dudi nggn cd ve vang "dodn kit, dodn ket, dgi dodn ket" cita Chii tich
Ho Chi Minh
V iet Nam li mdt qudc gia
da dan tpc Tuy dan sd
vi dia bin eu tni cd sy khac nhau,
cd net van hda vi truyen thdng
dac trung, nhung deu ed diem
chung tuong ddng la yeu que
huong dat nude vi cd ket cpng
ddng thiiy chung son sat Day
chinh li cdi ngudn de tao nen sire
manh vd dich Nhimg chien cdng
oanh liet trong sy nghiep xay
dyng dat nudc va nhat li trong Cdc tdng l&i? nhdn ddn mit tinh ra mdt Uy han qudn quan
thdnh pho Sdi Gdn thdng 5 - 1975
Trang 2KY NIEM 35 NAM NGAY GIAI PHONG MI^N NAM
dau tranh chdng giac ngoai xam, giai phdng dat
nudc va bao ve Td quoc sudt chieu dai lieh sir
cua dan tgc ta la minh chung himg hdn Xuat
phat tir quan diem "dan ta phai biet sir ta, cho
tudng gdc tich nudc nha Viet Nam", Chii tich
Hd Chi Minh khang dinh: "Dan ta ed mpt long
ndng nan yeu nudc Dd la mpt truyen thdng
quy bau cita ta Tir xua den nay, mdi khi Td
qudc bi xam lang, thi tinh than ay lai sdi noi, nd
ket thanh mpt lan sdng vd cimg manh me, to
Idn, nd ludt qua mpi sy hiem nguy, khd khan,
nd nhan ehim tat ca lu ban nudc va lu eudp
nude"' Cii cdt loi ciia "lan sdng vd cimg
manh me va to Idn" dd chinh li sire manh cua
long yeu nudc, sire manh tdng hgp eua khdi
dai doan ket toan dan Vdi sire manh ay, trong
thdi dai Hd Chi Minh, din tpc ta tien hanh
thang lgi cuoc Cich mang Thing Tim nam
1945, khai sinh ra nudc Viet Nam Dan chii
Cong hda - nha nudc ciia dan, do dan vi vi dan
dau tien d Ddng Nam A Trong ban Tuyen
ngon Dpe lap ngay 2-9-1945, khai sinh ra nude
Viet Nam Dan chii Cpng hda, Chii tich Hd Chi
Minh tuyen bd trudc qudc dan ddng bio va
nhan dan the gidi rang "Nude Viet Nam cd
quyen hudng ty do va dpe lap, va sy that da trd
thanh mpt nudc ty do dpe lap Toin the dan tpc
Viet Nam quyet dem tit ca tinh than va lye
lugng, tinh mang va eua eii de giir viing nen ty
do, dpe lap ay"^ Bin ITnh va quyet tam "dem
ca tinh than va lye lupng, tinh mang vi eua cai
de giii vung nen ty do, dpe lap ay" duge toan
the dan tpc Viet Nam the hien xuat sac trong 9
nam khang chien chdng thye dan Phap (1945
-1954) va dinh cao nhat la trong 21 nam khang
chien chong My, cim nude (1954 -1975)
Nhm lai nhtmg nam thing khing chien chdng My, vdi bi6t bao sy kien, hilt bao chien cdng hi8n hich, nhung ciing day gian khd hy sinh gan lien vdi van menh qudc gia, dan tpc, ehiing ta cang thau hieu sau sac quyet tam sat
di trudc sau nhu mot eiia toan Dang, toan quan va toan dan ta la phii danh bai quan xam luge My, giai phdng hoan toan mien Nam Nhung My la mot de qudc dau sd, cd tiem luc kinh te, khoa hgc ky thuat va quan sy ban ta rat nhieu lan, nen de danh thang chiing phii co
thdi gian; danh liii timg budc, dinh do timg bp
phan, tien tdi gianh thang lgi hoan toan; phii
giuong eao ngpn cd ''dodn ket, dodn kit, dgi
dodn kef eua Chu tich Hd Chi Minh de tao
nen stic manh tdng hgp to Idn cua toan Dang, toan quan vi toan dan; ddng thdi ket hgp sire manh dan tpc vdi sire manh thdi dai Day chinh
la nhan td quyet dinh cho thang lgi ciia su nghiep khang chien chdng My, ciru nudc Nhiing nam sau Hiep dinh Gionevo, vdi muu dd "dat cpng sin ra ngoii vdng phip luat", xam chiem va ap dat chit nghia thye dan mcii d mien Nam Viet Nam, My - Diem trien khai ke hoach "td cdng, diet cdng",-dua may chem di sit hai hang loat ding vien, can bp each mang vi ddng bio yeu nudc tren khip cic dia phuong mien Nam Vdi ban ITnh kien cudng va quyet tam thdng nhat Td qudc, can
bp, ding vien va ddng bio Nam Bd van mpt Idng, mot da tin theo Dang, theo Bic Hd, vung tin vao thing lgi ciia cdng cuoc dau tranh thdng nhat nude nha Bdi vay, khdng chiu khuat phyc trudc nhung am muu va hinh dgng da thii eiia
My - Diem, cic ting ldp nhan dan tren khip cac dia phuang mien Nam da doin ket lai, lien
Trang 3KY NIEM 35 NAM NGAY GIAI PHONG MI^N NAM
tuc ndi day diu tranh, mi dinh eao li phong
trio "Ddng khdi" cuoi 1959 vi I960, phi
banh, phi ra timg ming chinh quyen dich d
nhieu vimg ndng thdn rdng Idn, chuyen cich
mang mien Nam tir the bi mat giir gm lye
lugng sang the tien cdng Thang lgi Ddng khdi
la minh chimg cho sy gan ket y Ding vdi long
din, cho tinh than doan ket dau tranh ciia cie
ting ldp nhan dan mien Nam trong khang
chien chdng My, ciiu nudc Ciing chinh tir
Dong khdi, Mat tran Dan tpc Giai phdng mien
Nam Viet Nam da ra ddi (20-12-1960) Vdi
myc tieu vi mien Nam sach bdng quan thii, tien
tdi hda binh, hda hgp dan toe vi thdng nhat Td
qudc Mat tran Dan tpc Giii phdng mien Nam
Viet Nam da nhanh chdng tap hgp dugc cic td
chirc chinh tri, xa hpi nhu Hpi Lao dpng giii
phong, Hpi Lien hiep hpc sinh - sinh vien, cac
tri thtic gia, Hpi Nhi giao yeu nudc, Dang Dan
chti mien Nam (ciia tu sin dan tpc), cic tdn
giio, nhu: Phat giio, Thien Chiia giio, eic dao
Cao Dii, Hda Hao va ddng bao cac dan tpc
thieu so Tay Nguyen, Khome, Cham, Hoa
kieu dudi ngpn ed dau tranh vi dpe lap tu do
va thdng nhat dat nudc Day thye sy la dieu
kien vo cimg thuan lgi de ngpn cd ''dodn kit,
dodn kit, dgi dodn kit; thdnh cong, thdnh
cong, dgi thdnh cong" eua Chu tich Hd Chi
Minh phat huy vdi hieu qui cao nhat
Thang lgi Ddng khdi da day chinh quyen
Sii Gdn lung lay den tan gdc re De curu van
tinh hinh My trien khai chien luge "Chien
tranh dae biet" d mien Nam Viet Nam Vdi
khi the, phuong phip va lye lugng eiia Ddng
khdi, dudi sy lanh dao eiia Ding, trye tiep la
Mat tran Dan toe Giii phdng mien Nam Viet
Nam, quan va dan ta diy manh tien cdng dich giinh nhung thang lgi Idn Nhung tran thang vang dpi trong nam 1963 nhu Ap Bic,
Gd Keo, Dire Hda, Ben Cit, da chimg td
sy trudng thanh ciia lye lupng vti trang each mang mien Nam - ddn xeo ciia phong trio cich mang mien Nam Dac biet tir thing lgi
Ap Bac, phong trio "Thi dua Ap Bic giet giac lap cdng" ra ddi va nhanh chdng lan tda rpng khap mien Nam Them vao dd tai nhimg trung tam chinh tri, kinh te, van hoa Idn mien Nam, phong trao dau tranh ciia tang
ni, phat tir Giio hpi Phat giao mien Nam ddi quyen binh dang tdn giao biing nd dir dpi, giing mpt ddn manh vao nen tang thdng tri ciia che dp Sai Gon Trudc thye trang niy
My quyet dinh lam cupc dao chinh lat dd Diem - Nhu, mong nhanh chdng dn dinh tinh hinh de day manh nd lye chien tranh; nhung mpi toan tinh nay lai day che dp tay sai Sii Gdn them hdn loan Cae cupc dio chinh tranh giinh quyen lyc ciia cic phe, nhom lien tiep dien ra Trong khi dd, phong trao diu tranh quan sy, chinh tri, binh van vdi nhieu phuong thire phong phu dang ngiy cang phit trien manh me tren ci 3 viing chien lupe va giinh them nhieu thang lgi quan trpng nhu Binh Gia Ba Gia, Ddng Xoai Tinh den giira 1964, quan va din ta da nam quyen kiSm soit dudi cie hinh thirc vi mirc dp khac nhau 1/3 dan sd mien Nam; day chien luge
"Chi^n tranh dac biet" ciia My den bd vyc phi sin Song dieu quan trpng nhat li, ciing vdi qui trinh chien dau va chien thang dd, khdi dai doin k^t toin dan tpc ngay cang dugc ciing ed vi tang cudng ben chac
Trang 4KY NIEM 35 NAM NGAY GIAI PHONG MI^N NAM
That bai cua con bai dimg quan dpi Sai Gdn
lam luc lupng xung kich trong "Chien tranh dac
biet", de qudc My quyet dinh tien hanh chien
luge "Chien tranh cue bg" dua quan chien dau
My va quan ddng minh vao trye tiep tham chien
tren chien trudng mien Nam, ddng thdi tien
hanh cupc chien tranh phi hoai mien Bac quy
md Idn bang khdng quin va hai quan, quyet
"bat" dan tgc Viet Nam phai chiu khuit phuc
trudc sire manh quan sy cua chimg
Vdi sy tien lieu tinh tudng ve muu dd tham
hiem, ban chat hieu chien ciia My, ngay tir
thing 3-1964, Chit tich Ho Chi Minh vi Ban
Chap hanh Trung uong Dang da trieu tap Hpi
nghi chinh tri dae biet, gdm 300 dai bieu, dai
dien cho cic bac lao thanh cich mang, cic
nginh, cic gidi, cic doan the, tri thtic tien bp,
nhan sy yeu nude va anh himg, chien sy thi dua
toan qudc Day thye sy la "Hpi nghi Dien
Hdng" ciia thdi dai Hd Chi Minh de thdng nhat
y chi quyet tam doan ket toan dan tpc cimg
chien dau giii phdng mien Nam, bio ve mien
Bac, tien tdi thdng nhat dit nude Den He - Thu
1965, My chinh thirc Uien khai chien luge
"Chien tranh cue bp" dua quan vien chinh vio
tham chien d mien Nam va tien hanh cupc chien
Q-anh phi hoai ddi vdi mien Bac Chit tich Hd
Chi Minh ra ldi keu gpi toan the ddng bao,
chien sy ca nudc mudn ngudi nhu mot, vi chan
ly "Khong co gi quy han dgc lap tic dd' quyet
tim danh bai hoan toan giac My xam luge
Thye hien ldi keu ggi cita Chii tich Hd Chi
Minh, phong trio thi dua "Tdt cd vi miin Nam
rugt thif nhanh chdng dugc day len, thu htit
ddng dio cac tang ldp, nganh gidi, cic lira
tudi tir ndng thdn den thanh thi, tir mien xudi
den mign nui, tir bien gidi den hii dao ciia hau phuong chiln luge mien Bac tich eye tham
gia Cy ihk nhu, vdi thanh nien cd phong trio
"Ba sin sang", phu nii cd phong trio "Ba dim dang", ndng dan vdi phong trio "Tay cay tay Sling", cdng nhan vcM phong trio "Tay bua tay
simg", deu hudng ve mot muc tieu "Tdt cd
cho tiin tuyin, tdt cd de ddnh thdng giac My xdm luac'" Do vay, trong khdi lira dan bom
khdc liet cua miy bay, tau chien My, toan the quan vi dan mien Bac khdng he nao nting tinh than, van vira chien diu, vira sin xuat va dim bao chi vien kip thdi, hieu qua stic ngudi siic cua cho tien tuyen mien Nam
Tren chien trudng mien Nam, kien dinh vdi dudng ldi chien tranh nhan dan cua Ding va khdng ngimg phit huy stic manh tdng hgp ciia khdi dai doan ket toan dan, quan va dan ta vira day manh tien cdng dich lien tuc, rpng khap vdi quy md ngay cang Idn ca tren phuang dien quan
sy, chinh tri va binh van; vira danh dich, vira ket hgp lap the tran va chuan hi tiem luc mgi mat Xay dyng va cimg cd the tran, xay dyng va md rpng can cti, ling, xa, ip chien dau, md rdng vimg giai phdng, chuan bi trye tiep cho nhung ddn tien cdng quyet dinh
Bang sy nd lye vugt bac cita toan din tpc tren ei hai mien Nam Bie, miia Xuan 1968, quan va dan ta da tien hanh eudc Tdng tien cdng va ndi day Tet Mau Than, dinh vio cic muc tieu diu nao ciia My va chinh quyen Sai Gdn d thanh phd, thj xa, thi tran khap mien Nam Bi dinh ddn bit ngd va thiet hai Idn trong khi nd lyc chien tranh ciia My dang d thdi diem eao nhat (vdi 1,2 trieu quan, trong
dd hon nira trieu li quan My), ma cac muc
22 TAP CHl LjCH Stj O A N G - S6 4/2010
Trang 5KY NIEM 35 NAM NGAY GIAI PHONG Ml^N NAM
tieu bi dinh lai la nhung trpng diem ed he
thong hda lyc vi lyc lugng phdng ve manh
ciia quan dgi My vi Sii Gdn d hang tdi uu
nhat, da tao ra cii chin dgng lam choing
ving nudc My, gay bang hoang vi simg sdt
cho gidi cam dau Nhi trang vi Liu nam gdc
Vay li, sau nhimg eudc phin cdng chien luge
miia khd (1965 -1966 vi 1966 - 1967) nhim
"tim diet" quin giai phdng mien Nam, "binh
dinh" mien Nam trong vdng 6 thing rdi 12
thing, 18 thing cung khdng xong; ba ke
hoach phan cdng miia khd deu thim bai, thi
bat ngd ehiing lai bi Quan giii phdng mien
Nam dudi su diim bpc, che chd, nudi dudng
eua CO sd cich mang trong cic tang ldp nhan
dan da ludn sau, em san ngay ben canh, thim
chi ngay trong Idng cic can cii dau nao eua
dich, rdi khi thdi co den, bat ngd ddng loat
giang cho chiing nhung ddn ehi mang Trong
chien tranh chdng My, dudng ldi, chii truang,
chinh sich, quan diem lanh dao cich mang
diing din cua Ding Cdng sin Viet Nam vi
Chii tich Hd Chi Minh da dugc giio due mdt
each het sire nhuin nhuy6n, sau rdng trong cic
tang ldp dan chiing vi ngay ca nhimg ngudi
ben kia chien tuyen dugc giic ngd hp da cd
nhieu sing kien, sing tao mudn hinh van trang
de tham gia tin cdng ke thu va bao ve cich
mang vd ciing hieu qui Nhimg ham bi mat 3
ting de cat giiu vii khi ngay trong nhi cic gia
dinh CO sd d trung tam thinh phd, thi xa;
nhimg thuyen 3 diy, xe nhi6u ngan,v.v eat
giau vu khi de van chuyen den cic can cir cho
Quan Giii phdng dinh My li nhimg bieu hien
het sire dpe dio va sinh dpng vk tinh thin
doan ket din tpc, doin ket quan vdi dan
Chinh bdi vay, sau hon 20 nam tran trd va suy ngim (ke tir khi cupc chien tranh ciia My d Viet Nam ket thiic), Mc Namara - cuu Bp trudng Bp Qudc phdng My thdi T6ng thdng Gidnxon cam quyen thu nhan: "Chimg ta dinh gii thap sire manh ciia chii nghTa dan tpc thuc day mpt dan tpc (trong trudng hgp nay la Bac Viet Nam vi Viet cpng) dau uanh va hy sinh cho ly tudng ciia cic gii tri ciia nd"l Ddng thdi "Khi dd chung ta da khdng nhan ra dugc nhung ban che ciia cac thiet bj quan sy
ky thuat cao va hien dai, lyc lupng quin sy vi hpc thuyet quan sy trong khi ddi diu vdi nhiing phong trao nhan dan dugc thiic day cao
va khdng binh thudng"'' Vay li, Tdng tien cdng vi ndi day Tet Mau Than (1968) thye
sy li cupc bieu duong - tap dugt sire manh tdng hgp ciia toin dan tdc Viet Nam, budc chuan bi cho eudc quyet chien chien luoc Xuan 1975, ket thuc thang lgi sy nghiep khing chien chdng My, cim nudc Ddng thdi day cung li ddn diem huyet cho cai gpi la
"Ke hoach Bic tien" da dupc thiy td (My -nguy) tdn cdng phi ciia de chuin bi Va ket qua li, ta da dap tan io vpng ngdng cudng nay, huge chiing loay hoay dim chan tai chd
vi kei qua ngugc lai hau phuang diu nao da rdi eing them rdi bdi Ndi bd Nha Tring va tay sai Sii Gdn eing luc due, liing ciing va hoang mang vd vpng Vi ciing ttr dd budc chiing phii chip nhan ngdi vao bin dim phan vdi Chinh phii ta tai Pari vi tim cich riit quan chiin diu My vi ddng minh ra khdi mign Nam trong danh dy Nam 1969, de qudc My chuygn sang thye hien chien lupe
"Viet Nam hda chign tranh" - chuygn ganh
TAP CHl LICH SU" DANG - S6'4/2010 23
Trang 6KY NIEM 35 NAM NGAY GIAI PHONG MI^N NAM,
nang chign tranh "sang vai" chinh quygn va
quan dpi Sai Gdn Tuy co "ha hoi, tigp sire"
bing nhimg khoin tai chinh vi vii khi,
phuang tien quan sy khdng Id thong qua vien
trg vi ehuygn giao tir nhiing don vi quan
chign dau My trudc khi nit vg nudc, song
quan ddi Sii Gdn van khdng thye hien ndi
nhiing toan tinh ciia My
Quan va dan ta vdi khi the cich mang tien
cdng thira thing xdc tdi, tiep tuc phat eao nggn
ed "Doan kgt, doan kgt, dai doan kgt" ciia Chii
tjeh Hd Chi Minh, sire manh tdng hgp eiia toan
din tdc dugc khan truong ciing cd, huy ddng
Chimg ta da nhanh chdng khac phye nhiing tdn
that trong eudc Tdng tign cdng vi ndi day nam
Mau Than, timg budc tign cdng dich, khdi phye
lai thg tran vi luc lugng chign trudng; ddng thdi
phdi hgp vdi quan va dan Lio vi Campuchia
md nhung chign dich quy md Idn d Dudng 9
Nam Lio, Ddng Bac Campuchia (1971), Canh
Ddng Chum - Xigng Khoang ; tign cdng phi
vd tuygn phdng thit kign ed vdng ngoii ciia
quin dpi Sai Gdn d Tri Thign - Bac Tay
Nguygn - Ddng Nam Bd (1972) Hda nhip vdi
chign cdng trgn chign trudng mien Nam, trgn
mign Bac, quan vi dan ta da lam ngn mdt Dien
Bign Phil trgn khdng - dap tan cupc tap kich
bang khdng quin chign luge eiia My trgn bau
trdi thu do Ha Ndi vi thanh phd Hii phdng
(12-1972), bude My phai ky Hiep dinh Pari
(1-1973), nit het quan chign dau My va quan ddng
minh ra khdi mign Nam, cham dirt chign tranh,
lap lai hda binh d Viet Nam
Theo Hiep djnh Pari, quan My phai nit
nhung quan dpi ta ttr mien BSe dua vao Nam
chien diu van gitr nguyen hien trang thye sy
la mdt digu kien thuan lgi cho cich mang mien Nam Mac dii luc niy ngudn vien trg quan sy ciia cae nude XHCN cho ta giam din, nhung stic manh tir khdi dai doan kgt dan tpc duge phit huy hieu qui cao ban bao gid hgt Thg va lyc cua cich mang mien Nam trgn ei 3 viing chien luge nhanh chdng dugc tang cudng va ciing cd vting chac Cic binh doan chii lyc CO dgng Quan giai phdng mign Nam lan lugt ra ddi da dan lam thay ddi cin can so sinh lyc lugng trgn chien trudng ngiy eing cd lgi cho ta Bang nhiing ddn tham dd chign luge Ndng Son - Thugng Dire (1974), Dudng
14 - Phudc Long (cudi nam 1974 diu nam 1975), su kien ta giii phdng Chi khu Phudc Binh rdi ci tinh Phudc Long da lim chin ddng Nha tring vi Liu nam gdc, vi einh cira phia Bic phdng thii chu yeu bio ve Sii Gdn da bi Quan Giii phdng md toang Quan va dan ta hen tuc tien cdng den dau deu giinh thing lgi gidn gia den diy mdt cich nhanh chdng, chimg td quan dgi Sai Gdn - cdng cu chii ygu cua chign luge "Viet Nam hda chign tranh" da khdng try ndi trudc stic tien cdng ciia Quan giai phdng mien Nam; mat khic cho thay My ciing khdng thg can thiep trd lai Thdi co Idn
dg giai phdng mign Nam da dgn, Bd Chinh tri Ban Chap hanh Trung uong Dang quygt dinh dgng vign stic manh tdng lyc cita toan dan tdc,
md tran quygt chign chien luge cudi cung de giii phdng mign Nam Hgi ddng ehi vien chign trudng dugc thanh lap do Thii tudng Chinh phu Pham Van Ddng trye tigp chi dao
dg dgng vien nhan tii, vat lyc cho tign tuygn mign Nam Do vay, dgn trudc ngay khdi phit eudc Tdng tign cdng vi ndi day Xuan 1975,
Trang 7KY NIEM 35 NAM NGAY GIAI PHONG MIEN NAM
Quan giii phdng mien Nam Viet Nam da dat
tdi 1.080.000 cin bg, chign sy Rigng vg quin
chii lyc, ty le ta vi djch li 1,03/1
Khi ci thg, lyc vg quan sy da chigm uu thg,
khi thg quit khdi eiia toin dan tdc da biing
dgn dinh diem, quan va dan mien Nam md
tran quygt chign chign lupe, md diu li Chign
dich Tay Nguyen, xda sd Quan doin 2 - Quan
khu 2 dich, giii phdng hoan toan Tay Nguygn
Dupc thang lgi Tay Nguyen cd vii, hdi thiic,
quan va dan Quan khu Tri - Thien va Quan
khu 5 nhanh chdng tigu diet vi lim tan ra
hoin toin Quan doan 1 - Quan khu 1 eua
dich, giii phdng Tri Thign - Hug, Quang Ngai,
Quing Tin, Quing Nam, trong do cd thanh
phd Di Nang (can cir lign hgp quan sy Idn
nhit mign Trung ciia My vi nguy Sii Gdn) vi
giai phdng cic dio Ngay sau dd, cic binh
doan chii lyc co ddng eua ta dugc tang cudng
thgm vu khi vi phuong tien quin su, cdng vdi
chign lgi pham vira thu dugc, nhanh chdng co
ddng vio giii phdng Sii Gdn
Cudi thing 4-1975, sau khi phi vd duge
tuygn phdng thii Xuan Lpc - "cira thep" phia
Ddng Sii Gdn, 5 binh doan chii lyc co ddng
manh eiia Quan giai phdng mign Nam, cimg vdi
the tran va tigm lire da dugc td chiic chuin bi san
ttr trong qui trinh 21 nam khing chien, lai dugc
cac tang ldp nhan dan img hd, da tao nen siic
manh thin ky ddng loat tign cdng vio ndi dd Sai
Gdn - Gia Dinh, dinh chigm cic myc tigu diu
nao eiia ehinh quygn va quan dpi Viet Nam
cdng hda Dimg 11 gid 30 phut ngiy 30-4-1975,
la cd giii phdng da phip phdi tung bay trgn dinii
cot cd ndc dinh Dpe Lap, diu mdc ghi nhan
chign dich Hd Chi Minh kgt thiic thing lgi
mign Nam hoan toan giii phdng, non sdng dit nudc da thu ve mpt moi
Dai thang miia Xuan 1975 li thinh qui vT dai eiia dudng ldi chien tranh nhin dan ciia Ding Cdng sin Viet Nam; ciia sy phit huy stic manh tdng hgp khdi dai doan kgt dan tdc
ma cdi ngudn ciia nd ehinh li ngpn ed "dodn
kit, dodn kit, dgi dodn kit" ciia Chu tich Hd
Chi Minh mudn van kinh ygu; sy giiip dd to Idn, chi tinh vi hieu qui cita cic nudc anh em
vi ban be qudc tg Can phai nhan manh ring, trong cupc khang chign chdng My, cim nudc
mi dinh eao li cupc Tdng tien cdng vi ndi day miia Xuin 1975, sire manh dai doin kgt dan tdc dugc nang ngn mdt tam cao mdi Dd
la, bgn canh nhung nhan td tmygn thdng ma Mat tran Dan tdc Giii phdng mign Nam Viet Nam da tap hgp, td chirc dugc nhu: eae tang ldp nhan dan cic giai cap, cic dan tdc cac ding phii, doin the, cic tdn giao va nhan sy tri thiic yeu nude khdng phan biet xu hudng chinh tri de dinh dd ich thdng trj ciia dg qudc
My va chinh quyen Sai Gdn; thi mdt thanh phan xa hdi nira ciing dugc Dang ta kheo leo thdng qua Mat tran van ddng, cam hda giac ngd, dg hp nhan thtre vi hinh ddng theo yeu ciu cich mang, img hd sy nghigp giii phdng qug huong, dat nudc, dg rdi, tiiy theo dieu kien va hoan canh cu the, cuong vi, ITnh vyc dim trich khic nhau, hp cd nhung ddng gdp nhat dinh vg mat niy, mat khac cho thang
lgi cua eudc khang chign - do chinh la luc
luang thif 3 Chung ta can ghi nhan va dinh
gia diing miic mdt each khich quan nhung ddng gdp ciia hp cho sy toan thang cua cdng cupc khing chign chdng My, cim nude, trong
Trang 8KY NIEM 35 NAM NGAY GlAl PHONG MI^N NAM
do Dai thang miia Xuan 1975 la dinh cao vinh
quang va tuyet dep ciia cdng eudc khang chien
ciru nudc ciia toan dan tdc
Hien nay, cdng eudc xay dimg dat nude va
bao ve Td qudc gan lign vdi hgi nhap qudc tg,
chung ta ed nhigu thuan lgi rat co ban, song
cting phai ddi mat vdi khdng it khd khan, thich
thirc vi tham ehi li trSe an khd ludng Chii ddng
ddn nhan vi tan dimg van hgi mdi, vugt qua
nhtmg thach thirc va khd khan, dua cdng eudc
cdng nghigp hda, hien dai hda dat nudc dgn
thanh cdng vi bio ve vung chac Td qudc Viet
Nam xa hdi chit nghTa, ngpn ed "Dodn kit,
dodn kit, dgi dodn kef eua Chii tich Hd Chi
Minh da timg dua sy nghiep cich mang Viet
Nam di tir thang lgi nay dgn thang lgi khic, ma
dinh cao huy hoing nhaL chdi lgi nhat la Dai
thang miia Xuan 1975, van cdn nguygn ven gii
tri Tigp tuc giuong cao nggn cd doan kgt dan
tdc eiia Bie Hd kinh yeu, dudi sy lanh dao ciia
Dang, toin quin, toan dan ta hay doin kgt va
doin kgt hon niia, khau hien toin quan mot y
chi phii nang ngn thanh toan quan toan dan mdt
y ehi, cimg ddng long, chung sire vi sy nghiep
xay dyng vi bio ve Td qudc Chi cd nhu vay,
chimg ta mdi phit hien kip thdi, chinh xic dugc
timg am mini, hanh ddng chdng phi ciia cic thg
lyc thii dich d trong nudc vi ngoii nudc ddi vdi
su nghiep cich mang ciia chiing ta Bdi le kg thii
cua dan tdc ta hien nay khdng xuat hien
"nguyen hinh" nhu trong chign tranh, ma nd rat
tinh vi, xio quyet, niip dudi nhigu danh nghTa,
vd bpc khic nhau dg chdng phi cich mang d
mpi lue, mpi noi va trong mpi ITnh vyc Do
vay, chi cd "tai mit" cua toan dan, toan quan
-cua toan thg dan tgc mdi phit hien va ddi phd
chuan xic, kip thdi va hieu qui vdi chting Trong xay dyng sire manh tdng hgp eua ca he thdng chinh tri, kinh tg, van hda, xa hdi, qudc phdng an ninh vi ddi ngoai , chiing ta phii uu tign chii trgng hang diu vg cimg cd, tang cudng khdi dai doin kgt toan dan tdc Phai lay "dan lam gdc", li ehii thg, la ngn tang cua khdi dai doan kgt toan dan lam nguygn tic chi dao hanh ddng thye tign Dan li cdi ngudn sire manh vd dich cua khdi dai doan kgt toan dan - Dan cting
li nhan td quygt dinh thing lgi ciia cich mang Dan li chd dya tin cay, vting chac cua Dang, eua ci he thdng ehinh tri Dg khdi dai doan ket toan dan ngiy cang duge cimg cd, tang cudng vung chac, trong tinh hinh cich mang mdi hien nay, bgn canh viec ban hanh nhung ehii truang, chinh sich dung din, kip thdi va phti hgp vdi Idng dan Ding phai ty "lam sach" chinh minh
vi ludn giii gin su trong sing va doan kgt trong ngi bg Dang nhu gitr gin con nguoi cua mat minh Mdi can bg, dang vien phii thye sy chi cdng, vd tu, phai thye su la cdng bde eua dan, gan bd miu thit vdi nhan dan Lam duge nhu vay Ding mdi tao dugc niem tin tuyet ddi trong nhan dan, trd thanh hat nhan doan kgt, thdng nhat toan dan tgc, tao ngn sire manh vd dich bio dam thang lgi cho cdng eudc xay dyng vi bio
ve vimg chic Td qudc Viet Nam xa hdi ehii nghTa trong thdi ky mdi
1 Ho Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H, 1995,
T.6,tr.I71
2 Sdd, T.4, U.4
3 4 Robert S.Mc Namara, Nhin lgi qud khit
-tdn thdm kich vd nhiing bdi hoc vi Viet Nam (Sich
tham khio), CTQG, H, 1995, tr.316,316-317
26 TAP CHl UCH SLT O A N G - SO 4/2010