Tren tinh thdn dd, ngoai tang cfldng sflc manh mem qua viec thanh lap cac Hpc vien Khdng Tii, Trung Qud'c cdn td chflc nhieu hoat dpng giao Iflu van hda vdi cac nfldc.. Trong nhflng[r]
Trang 1NGOAI GIAO VAN HOA TRUNG QUOC VA VAI TRO CUA NO TRONG QUA TRINH HOI NHAP QUOC TE
TH S PHAM HONG YEN
Vien Nghien cdu Trung Qudc
I NGOAI GIAO VAN HOA
PHUONG T H U C TRIEN KHAI
VA
1 Khai niem "Ngoai giao van hoa"
Ngdai giad van hda xuat hien chinh
thflc va mang tinh qud'c te-tfl the ky
15-17, khi cac phat kien dia ly vdi quy md
ldn dfldc thflc hien, cac con dfldng mdi
dflpc khai thdng cflng vdi sfl banh trfldng
cua chu nghia thflc dan phfldng Tay
Cach mang khea hpc ky thuat bflng
nd vad nhflng nam 80 the ky XX each
mang thdng tin phat trien nhanh chdng
dan tdi sfl ra ddi cua cae phfldng tien
thdng tin dai chflng, vdi sflc truyen ba
thdng tin lan tda nhanh chdng tren
pham \a toan cdu Lan sdng toan eau hda
kinh te cung la mdt tac nhan quan trpng
thuc day, thuan Ipi hda sfl giao Iflu, trao
ddi cua ngfldi, hang hda gifla cac qudc
gia Giao Iflu van hda xuyen qud'c gia
ngay cang sdi ddng va dflpc thflc hien
thdng qua nhieu hinh thflc nhfl; giao Iflu
van hda dan gian giao lUu van hda gifla
chinh phu Do dd van hda dan trd thanh
40
bp phan cau t h a n h quan trpng trong hoat ddng ngoai giao cua qud'c gia hien dai
Dudi tac ddng cua toan cdu hda, giao lUu van hda ngay cang ddng vai trd ndi bat trong quan he qud'c te, cac nUdc tren
the gidi r a t coi trpng viec svL dung van
hoa tfl the hien minh, tuyen truyen quan diem gia tri cua minh nang cao va md rdng anh hfldng eiia qud'c gia Van hda trd t h a n h mdt hinh thflc ngoai giao mdi, ddc lap trong hoat dpng dd'i ngoai cua
mdt qudc gia, dd la ngoai giao van hoa
Theo tac gia Banh Tan Lfldng, xet ve
y nghia "ngoai giao" truyen thd'ng,
"Ngoai giao van hda la mdt chu de mdi nam giao thoa gifla hai linh 'viic van hda
va ngoai giao Ngoai giao van hda la ngoai giao thdng qua cac ndi dung truyen ba, giao Iflu van hda, la mdt loai hoat ddng ngoai giao trong dd qud'c gia
cd chu quyen Ipi dung phfldng thflc van hda nhdm dat dfldc muc dich chinh tri hoac dat dfldc y dd chien Ifldc dd'i ngoai dac biet'" Trong thdi dai toan cau hda
NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUOC so 8(96) - 2009
Trang 2hien nay, ngoai giao va van hda da trd
thanh phfldng thflc va muc dfch cua
nhau, theo tac gia: ham y cu the ciia
ngoai giao van hoa "la tdt cd hogt dong
ngoai giao hoa binh cua nhd nifdc co chu
quyen trong do gom cd vdn hoa, vdi muc
tieu la bdo ve Icfi ich vdn hoa vd thifc
hien muc tieu chien liidc vdn hoa dot
ngoai cua niidc do diidi sif chi dgo cua
chinh sdch vdn hoa doi ngoai nhdt
dinh "^ [-1 ; ( • ; ' ! • !
2 Cac kenh va phuofng thiirc trien
khai ngoai giao van hoa
Ve cac kenh trien khai hoat ddng
ngoai giao van hoa, trong ngoai giao van
hda, giao Iflu van hda dd'i ngoai do chfnh
phu chi dao la bd phan quan trpng nha't
Trong dd, giao Iflu van hpc, nghe thuat
la ndi dung cdt ldi, day cflng la mdt trong
nhflng hinh thflc giao Iflu hap dan nha't,
sdi ddng nha't trong giao Iflu van hda
qud'c te ciia Trung Qud'c hien nay Ngoai
ra, giao Iflu gifla nhan dan cac nfldc,
truyen ba qua phfldng tien thdng tin dai
chflng, trao ddi giao due, khoa hpc va ky
thuat, giao Iflu ly luan hpc thuat, day
tie'ng, trao ddi va thfldng mai phim anh,
hdp tac va trao ddi sach bao, trien lam
cac tac pham, thdng tin tfl van cflng
deu la ndi dung chinh trong van hda dd'i
ngoai Phfldng thflc giao Iflu van hda rat
da dang, cd the trien khai giao Iflu van
hda dfldi hinh thflc song phfldng hoac da
phfldng, vi du td chflc tet van hda, tet
nghe thuat song phfldng; thanh lap cac
kenh trao ddi van hda, td chflc cac hoat
dpng nhfl: "Nam giao Iflu van hda",
"Thang van hda", "Tudn van hda" va cac
dfl an trao ddi giao due, khoa hpc ky
thuat va con ngfldi Xuat khau cac sdn
pham van hda nhfl sach bao, sach ngoai van, bieu dien van nghe ra nfldc ngoai Ngoai ra, cflng cd the khuyen khfch cdng dan nfldc minh ra nfldc ngoai kinh doanh, truyen ba tdn giao, giao due va cac hoat ddng van hda khac Truyen thdng dai chflng cung la mdt bd phan quan trpng trong hoat ddng giao Iflu van hda dd'i ngoai, gdp phdn quan trpng tao nen sflc manh mem cua mdt qud'c gia
Ve phfldng thflc trien khai, phan chia
ngoai giao van hda thanh ba loai Mot la,
ngoai giao gifla chfnh phu hai nfldc, vf du: ky ket cae dfl an giao Iflu van hda qud'c te, hiep dinh van hda hiep thfldng, hiep fldc ky ket van hda, dam phan ve dich vu van hda, trieu tap va tham dfl cac hpi nghi van hda qud'c te, xay dflng
va gia nhap cac td chflc van hda qud'c te, bao dam sfl trao ddi can bd trong nganh van hda, td chflc eac trien lam dd'i ngoai
ve thanh qua van hda cflng nhfl cac dfl
an hdp tac van hda Hai la, ngoai giao
cdng cdng, la cac hoat ddng quan he qud'c
te cdng, dfldc trien khai hfldng tdi dd'i tfldng la cdng ddng qud'e te, cdng dan nfldc ngoai (gdm cac quy hdi, doan the hpc thuat, cac loai hiep hpi, td chflc tdn giao ) Muc tieu trpng tam la nhdm thflc hien y dd ehien Ifldc ngoai giao thdng qua gay anh hfldng tdi dfl luan qud'c te, gay anh hfldng gian tiep tdi hanh vi cua cac nfldc khac Ngoai ra, cac hoat ddng giao Iflu van hda dan gian cua qudn chflng, nhfl Iflu didn d nfldc ngoai cua cac td chflc van hda dan gian Trung Qud'c, giao Iflu van hda dan gian gifla cac nfldc Giao Iflu van hda dan gian, vdi sfl tham gia cua Ifldng ldn qudn chflng, tiet mue giao Iflu thfldng mang
Trang 3dam truyen thd'ng van hda dan gian, do
dd nd dl tham vao long ngfldi
n TRUNG QUOC TICH CUC TRIEN
KHAI NGOAI GIAO V A N HOA
Cung vdi sflc manh tdng hdp da't nfldc
khdng ngflng dfldc tang cfldng, nhflng
nam ddu the ky XXI, ngoai giao van hda
ngay cang dfldc chfnh phu Trung Qud'c
coi trpng va dfldc coi la mdt bd phan eau
thanh quan trpng lam nen sflc manh
mem cua Trung Qud'c Den nay, Trung
Qud'c da ky hiep dinh van hda cap chinh
phu vdi 143 qud'c gia, ky 682 ke hoach
giao Iflu van hda hang nam Hang nam
cd hdn 2000 dfl an giao Iflu van hda gifla
Trung Qud'c vdi nfldc ngoai dfldc Bd Van
hda phe duyet Duy tri quan he giao Iflu
van hda vdi hang ngan td chflc van hda
qud'c te cflng nhfl vdi cac qud'c gia khac
Pham vi giao lUu van hda thUdng de cap
tdi cac linh viic van hda, nghe thuat, van
vat, trien lam sach, thdng tin, xuat ban,
phat thanh, truyen hinh, the due the
thao, khoa hpc ky thuat, y te, thanh
nien, phu nfl, du lich, tdn giao ^
Ngoai giao van hda dflpc chfnh phu
Trung Qud'c trien khai tren cac phfldng
dien chinh nhfl sau:
1 Thanh lap Hoc vien Khong Tu
Ddi vdi Trung Qud'c va ca the gidi,
Khdng Tif chfnh la bieu tflpng cua van
hda Trung Hoa Trong qua trinh nang
cao va md rdng sflc manh mem ra toan
the gidi, mdt yeu to dflpc Trung Qud'c rat
chu y tan dung dd la md rpng anh hfldng
cua "van hda Khd'ng" thdng qua thanh
lap va nhan rpng Hpc vien Khdng Tii
Chflc nang chu yeu eiia Hoc vien Khdng
Tif la chuyen dao tao tieng Han va dao
tao dpi ngu giao vien day tie'ng Han cho cac qud'c gia va khu vflc tren toan the gidi Hien nay, chflc nang cua Hpc vien Khdng Tii dfldc md rpng hdn, trien khai cac ndi dung dao tao nhfl: day hpc tieng Han, dao tao nang cao chat Ifldng giao vien day tieng Han, luyen thi tieng Han,
td chflc thi va cap bang Han ngfl, tfl van cho hpc sinh den Trung Qud'c du hpc, gidi thieu ve Trung Qud'c dfldng dai, lam quen vdi van hda Trung Hoa va kien thflc ve thfldng mai dd'i vdi Trung Qud'e Muc dich chinh cua Hpc vien Khdng Tfl la phd bien tie'ng Han, gifl gin
va bao ve vi the qud'c te cua tieng Han va truyen ba van hda Trung Hoa"*
Hien nay chfnh phu Trung Qud'c da
de ra ke hoach lam ldn manh hdn nfla thfldng hieu van hda cua Hpc vien Khdng Tii Dfl tinh de'n nam 2010, tdng so' hpc vien co the dat con so' 500, nhflng nam tie'p theo, tdng so' Hpc vien Khdng Tif, ldp hpc Khdng Tif se dat con sd 1000 Hpc vien Khdng Tfl trd thanh thfldng hieu quang ba van hda va "sflc manh mem" Trung Qud'c, quang ba hinh anh, da't nfldc va con ngfldi Trung Qud'c tren pham vi toan the gidi
Trong nhflng nam gdn day sd' lfl(3ng Hpc vien Khdng Tif tren toan the gidi da tang len n h a n h chdng, Uy ban van hda Anh phai mat hdn 70 nam mdi cd the
t h a n h lap dfldc 270 chi n h a n h d nfldc ngoai, nfldc Dflc phai mat hdn 50 nam mdi cd the md rdng Hpc vien Goethe len tdi con sd' 128, trong khi dd, Trung Qud'c ehi cdn 3 nam da thanh lap dflpc 210 Hpc vien Khdng Tfl d 64 qud'c gia va khu vflc tren the gidi Den thang 3 nam 2008, so' Ifldng Hpc vien Khdng Tfl da len tdi
42 = NGHIEN CUU TRUNG QUOC so 8(96) - 2009
Trang 4238 hpc vien d 69 qudc gia va khu vflc
tren toan the gidi Hien da cd khoang
46.000 ngfldi dang theo hpc tieng Han d
cac Hpc vien Khdng Tfl tren the gidi''
2 Thuc day cac hoat dong giao luu
van hoa gifia cac nude
Nhan thflc ddy du vai trd cua truyen
ba van hda Trung Hoa dd'i vdi viec md
rdng anh hfldng va nang cad sflc manh
mem, cac nha lanh dae Trung Qud'c da
nhieu ldn nhan manh, van hda Trung
Hda khdng chi thudc ve rieng Trung
Qud'c, ma cdn thudc ve the gidi Tren
tinh thdn dd, ngoai tang cfldng sflc manh
mem qua viec thanh lap cac Hpc vien
Khdng Tii, Trung Qud'c cdn td chflc nhieu
hoat dpng giao Iflu van hda vdi cac nfldc
Mot la, td chdc "Ndm vdn hoa Trung
Quo'c" d cdc niidc tren the gidi Trong
nhflng nam ddu the ky XXI, Trung Qud'c
da td chflc thanh cdng nhieu hoat ddng
Tet van hda Nam van hda Trung Qudc d
cac nfldc nhfl Phap, My, Ai Cap, Nga, An
Dp, Phdn Lan Nam 2003-2004, Trung
Qud'c td chflc Nam van hda Trung Qud'c d
thu dd Paris- Phap Theo danh gia, day
la boat ddng cd anh hfldng sau rdng va y
nghia to ldn trong viec truyen ba phong
tuc tap quan, tdn giao, van hda cua
Trung Qud'c den vdi chau Au Nam
2005-2006 ldn Ifldt td chflc thanh cdng Nam
van hda Trung Qud'c d Nga va Itaha
Tiep dd, nam 2007, Trung Qud'c lai td
chflc thanh cdng "Nam Trung Qud'c" d
Nga, hoat ddng quan trpng cua "Nam
Trung Qudc" la td chflc "Tet van hda
Trung Qud'c" nhdm gidi thieu cac phong
tuc tap quan cd truyen cua Trung Qud'c
den vdi nhan dan Nga
Nam van hda dfldc td chflc thanh cdng
d cac qud'c gia tren chd thay chinh phu Trung Qud'c da nhan thflc dflpc ddy du vai trd quan trpng cua ngoai giao van hda, dfla van hda vao chien Ifldc quan he dd'i ngdai tdng the Ddng thdi, tich ciic, chu ddng giao Iflu van hda vdi cac nfldc tren the gidi, nhdm quang ba hinh dnh dat nfldc, lam cho cdng ddng qud'c te hieu
ro hdn ve Trung Qud'c Viec tang cfldng quang ba van hda Trung Qud'c ra toan the gidi lam cho van hda Trung Hoa ngay cang cd sflc hap dan ldn hdn vdi edng ddng qud'c te, tfl dd nang cao "sflc hap dan", hay "sflc manh mem" eua Trung Qud'e
Hai la, tdng ciidng trao doi gido due
Trao ddi giao due cflng la mdt bien phap dfldc chinh phu chfl trpng, Iflu hpc sinh Trung Qud'c hoc tap d nfldc ngoai dfldc Cdi la dpi quan chu liic trong viec tuyen truyen van hda Trung Qud'c ra nfldc ngoai Theo thd'ng ke, tfl nam 1978 den cud'i nam 2003, Trung Qud'c da cfl tdng sd' hdn 700 nghin Iflu hpc sinh hpc tap d
108 qudc gia, treng dd cd 172.800 ngfldi trd ve nfldc" Ben canh dd, Trung Qudc cap hpc bdng cho hpc sinh cac nfldc de'n Trung Qud'c hpc tap, trong dd danh nhieu flu tien cho khu vflc Ddng Nam a Hpc vien Khd'ng Tfl cflng dfldc thimh lap
d hdu het cac trfldng dai hpc ldn d cac nfldc Ddng Nam A, hien nay, hpc tieng Han dang trd thanh trao Iflu rat thinh hanh d cac nfldc trong khu vflc Tfl nam 2002-2004, sd Ifldng hpc sinh Campuchia
d Trung Qud'c da tang gdn 20%, sd' sinh vien Indonexia tang gdn 50%, so' sinh vien Viet Nam theo hpc d Trung Qud'c da tang gdn 90%^
Trang 53 Xuat khau cac san pham van hoa
nhu truyen hinh, phim anh, am nhac
ra toan the gidi
Trong bdi canh toan cdu hda hien nay,
cung vdi sfl phat trien vflpt bac cua cdng
nghe thdng tin, cac phfldng tien thdng
tin dai chflng gifl vai trd ngay cang quan
trpng trong viec truyen ba van hda, tfl
tfldng, cflng nhfl qudng ba hinh anh cua
mdt qud'c gia ra the gidi Nhan thflc rd
dieu dd, Trung Qud'c dang khdng ngflng
tang cfldng tan dung cac phfldng tien
thdng tin dai chung de quang ba hinh
anh dat nfldc, con ngfldi, van hda Trung
Hoa Dieu dd the hien trfldc het d viec
md rdng pham vi phu sdng cac chfldng
trinh truyen thanh, truyen hinh cflng
nhfl thdi Ifldng phat sdng ra pham vi
toan the gidi Hien nay dai phat thanh
Qudc te Trung Qud'c (China Radio
International) dang tang thdi Iflpng phat
sdng bang tieng Anh len 24 gid mdt
ngay, trong khi dd, dai VOA cua My
giam bdt thdi Iflpng phat sdng tfl 19 gid
xudng cdn 14 gid mdt ngay Phim truyen
hinh cung la mdt phfldng thflc dfldc
chfnh phu ap dung nhdm gidi thieu dat
nfldc Trung Hoa vdi the gidi
HI VAI TRO CUA NGOAI GIAO VAN
HOA TRONG QUA TRINH IIOI NHAP
QUOC TE CUA TRUNG QUOC
1 Tang cudng siic manh mem ciia
Trung Qudc
Hpc gia My Joseph S Nye la ngfldi
ddu tien neu len thuat ngfl "sflc manh
mem" Theo dng, "Sflc manh mem la khd
nang hfldng tdi muc tieu bdng sflc hap
dan ciia minh chfl khdng phai bang each
cfldng ep trong cac cdng viec qud'c te"®
Ngay nay, sflc m a n h mem da trd thanh
t h a n h phdn h a t n h a n trong viec nang cao vi the qud'c te quo'c gia Vi vay, dat sflc manh mem d tdm cao chien Ifldc trd
t h a n h yeu cdu cd ban de thflc hien muc tieu chien Iflpc tdng the cua mdt qud'c gia
Sflc manh mem la mdt khai niem mdi, nhflng npi dung cua nd khdng cdn la lam dd'i vdi Trung Qud'c, tfl xa xfla cac nha mflu Ifldc Trung Qud'c da nhan thflc dfldc dao ly "binh phap khdng danh ma khuat phuc ldng ngfldi", khdng the chi dfla vao vfl liic de tri vi thien ha Tuy nhien, sflc manh mem chfla dfldc dung nhfl mdt thuat ngfl chinh thd'ng trong cac van kien cua Dang, Nha nfldc Trung Qud'e va cung chfla dfldc coi trpng bang sflc manh cflng Dai hpi 17 DCS Trung Qud'c ldn ddu tien dfla "sflc manh mem" vao trong ndi dung cua "Bao cao chinh tri", neu rd sflc manh mem la bd phan cau thanh quan trpng eua sflc manh tdng hdp da't nfldc, ddng thdi neu len phai "vflc day sflc sd'ng sflc sang tao cua van hda toan dan toe, nang cao sflc manh mem ciia van hda qud'c gia"" Trong nhflng nam gdn day, cae nha lanh dao Trung Qud'c
da bat ddu dat sflc manh mem len tdm cao chien Ifldc Chu tich Hd Cdm Dao da nhieu ldn neu rd, "nang cao sflc manh mem ciia qud'e gia la mdt bai toan trpng dai, thflc te dat ra trfldc mdt chflng ta"'° Trong qua trinh hdi nhap vdi the gidi
va trdi day trd t h a n h nfldc ldn, van hda ndi chung, ngoai giao van hda ndi rieng,
cd vai trd quan trpng trong viec tang cfldng sflc manh mem cua Trung Qud'c Van hda Trung Qudc vd'n cd ldi the ve be
Trang 6day lich sii, dac biet van hda truyen
thd'ng cua Trung Qud'c vdi hat nhan la
van minh Nho giao, cd sflc lan tda rpng
ldn tdi cac khu vflc xung quanh cflng
nhfl ra toan the gidi Hpc gia My Joseph
Nye cho rdng: van hda truyen thd'ng cua
Trung Qud'c, dac biet la van hda Nho gia
ludn cd anh hfldng ldn tren the gidi, van
hda Trung Qudc ed sflc hap ddn tren
nhieu phfldng dien Ngoai van hda
truyen thd'ng, van hda hien dai cua
Trung Qud'c cflng ngay cang thu hfl1
dfldc sfl quan tam chfl y cua nhieu nuie
tren the gidi Nhan thflc dfldc ldi the dd,
Trung Qud'c da dfla hpp tac van hda trd
thanh mdt phdn trdng chien Ifldc phat
trien hda binh Trdng nhflng nam gdn
day, Trung Qud'c da td chflc nhieu boat
dpng van hda vdi nhieu qud'c gia tren the
gidi, thflc day giao Iflu van hda gifla
nhan dan Trung Qud'c vdi cac nfldc
Thdng qua dd, tang cfldng hieu biet lan
nhau gifla nhan dan Trung Qud'c va
nhan dan the gidi, md ra kenh dd'i thdai
gifla cac nen.van hda khac nhau Thflc te
treng thdi gian qua che thay, Trung
Qud'c da gat hai dflpc nhieu thanh cdng
trong ngoai giao van hda, qua dd gdp
phdn nang cao dang ke anh hfldng
"mem" d khu vflc cung nhfl tren the gidi
2 Tang sure hap ddn ciia van hoa
Trung Qudc ddi vdi the gidi
Thanh tiiu kinh te td ldn dat dfldc
trdng nhflng thap ky qua, cflng vdi van
hea, dac biet la van hda truyen thd'ng
lam cho sflc hap dan cua Trung Qud'c ddi
vdi the gidi ngay cang ldn Trung Qud'c
da thflc hien hang loat chfnh sach hap
dan dd'i vdi cac qud'c gia khac, rd nha't la dd'i vdi cac nfldc Ddng Nam A Trong 10 nam gdn day, so' Ifldng Iflu hpc sinh nfldc ngoai du hpc d Trung Qud'c da tang gap 3 ldn, treng dd, sd' Ifldng du hpc sinh den tfl cac nfldc phat trien nhfl My cd xu hfldng tang ro ret, Iflu hpc sinh den tfl chau A nhieu nha't, chiem tren tdng sd Iflu hpc sinh nfldc ngoai d Trung Qudc Hien nay, tdng sd' Iflu hec sinh nfldc ngeai d Trung Qud'e la 141 nghin ngfldi, trdng dd, sd' Iflu hpc sinh Han ngfl la 86.679 ngfldi"
Ngeai ra, thdng qua viec thanh lap Hpc vien Khdng Tfl d khap ndi tren the gidi, chfnh phu Trung Qud'c da thanh cdng treng viec tang cfldng sflc hap dan cua van hda Trung Qud'c Dieu dd the hien d cdn sdt hpc tieng Han da lan tda d nhieu ndi tren the gidi Trfldc bet cd the thay d cac nfldc Ddng Nam A, trfl met so' nfldc cd nhieu ngfldi Hda sinh sdng nha't nhfl Singapd, Malaixia, mdt sd' nfldc khac d Deng Nam A nhfl Thai Lan, Campuchia trad Iflu hpc tieng Han da phat trien rat nhanh chdng Trfldc khi Trung-Thai thiet lap quan he ngoai giao, sd' ngfldi Thai Lan hpc tieng Han rat ft Mdt Hoa kieu d Thai ndi, nam 1984, khi dng hpc chuyen nganh tieng Han d bac dai hpc, ca ldp chi cd 5 ngfldi Vi Hoa kieu nay nay dang la giao sfl khoa tieng Han cua mdt trfldng dai hpc Thai Lan, dng ndi, mdt ldp tieng Han hien cd tdi
150 smh vien! Tieng Han da vfldt qua tieng Anh, trd thanh ngdai ngfl thfl 2 sau tieng Thai
Sflc hap dan eua van hda Khdng khdng chi lan tda d chau A, ngay ca d My
Trang 7cung rat rd Theo dieu tra cua Uy ban
day tieng nfldc ngoai ciia My, nam 2000,
tren toan nfldc My cd khoang 5.000 hpc
sinh tfl ldp 1 den ldp 12 hpc tieng Han,
nam 2007 con sd nay da tang len tdi
50.000 ngfldi, 55 trfldng trung hpc va
tieu hpc tren toan nfldc My day tieng
Han Nam 2004, Hpc vien Khdng Tif ddu
tien dfldc thanh lap d My, den nay, da ed
31 Hoc vien Khd'ng Tfl, sd Ifldng dflng
ddu the gidi'"'
Sfl gia tang sd ngfldi hpc tieng Han
cung nhfl Ifldng Iflu hpc sinh nfldc ngeai
khdng chi the hien sflc hap ddn cua tang
trfldng kinh te Trung Qud'e, ma cen
chflng td Trung Qud'c da trd thanh thanh
nam cham van hda cua chau A cflng nhfl
cua the gidi Van hda truyen thdng
Trung Qud'c cd sflc hflt manh me va hien
nay da hda nhap vao sfl phd bien van
hda chung cua toan nhan loai Dieu dd
cd dflpc mdt phdn khdng nhd nhd vao
viec thflc hien thanh cdng eac bien phap
ngoai giao van hda
3 Nang cao vj the va anh hudng ciia
Trung Qudc tren trudng qud'c te
Tfl nhflng nam 90 the ky XX, dac biet
la sau khung hodng tai chi'nh chau A
nam 1997, Trung Qud'c da coi viec xay
dflng hinh tflpng "nfldc ldn cd trach
nhiem" la muc tieu chien Ifldc nhdm
nang cao dia vi qud'c te ciia minh Nifa
cud'i nhflng nam 90, Trung Qud'c da dieu
chinh chfnh sach dd'i ngoai nham lam
diu bdt mdi lo ngai cua cac nfldc tren the
gidi ve sfl trdi day ciia Trung Qudc, tao
ra mdi trfldng hda binh, dn dinh xung
quanh de phat trien kinh te, ddng thdi
dieu chinh chinh sach vdi cac nfldc lang
gieng, chap n h a n cac bien phap mem deo hdn trong giai quyet cac bat ddng, tranh chap bien gidi, lanh thd va lanh hai Trong nhflng nam ddu the ky XXI, Trung Qud'c da thay ddi tfl mpt nfldc bi ddng n h a n vien trd t h a n h nfldc vien trd Chinh phii Trung Qudc vien trp kinh te, vien trd duy tri hda binh cho eac nfldc va khu vflc khac tren the gidi, vien trd cho nfldc ngoai tang d mflc hai con sd'''l Ddng thdi, Trung Qud'c cung r a t chfl trpng tang cfldng tuyen truyen van hda Trung Hoa ra khdp cac chau luc Dieu dd da giup Trung Qud'c cai thien dang ke dia vi qud'e te eua minh Trung Qudc ngay cang
de lai an tflpng qud'c te tich cflc trong long ngfldi dan cac nfldc tren the gidi Theo ket qua mpt cupc dieu tra cua BBC, trong sd' 22 qud'c gia dieu tra, cd 14 qud'e gia trong dd phdn ldn ngfldi tra ldi cho rdng Trung Qud'c da phat huy anh hfldng qud'c te tfch cflc, 16 qud'c gia cho rdng, sfl tang trfldng cua kinh te Trung Qud'c anh hfldng tfch cflc tdi kinh te the gidi Nhin chung, 48% qud'c gia tham gia trong cudc dieu tra cho rang, anh hfldng cua Trung Qud'c la tich cflc, cao hdn 10%
Sd vdi My, khdng cd qud'c gia nae chd rdng anh hfldng cua Trung Qud'c la tieu cflc O chau A, da so' cac qud'c gia cho rdng Trung Qud'c cd anh hfldng qudc te tich cflc, chi cd Nhat Ban va Han Qud'c quan diem khac nhau, 49% ngfldi Han Qud'c cho rdng Trung Qud'c p h i t huy vai trd tfch cflc, 47% cho rang vai trd cua Trung Qudc la tieu cflc; 22%) ngfldi Nhat Ban cho rdng Trung Qud'c phat huy vai trd tfch cflc, 25% cho rdng vai trd cua Trung Qud'c la tieu cflc, 53% khdng cd y kien Y kien cua cac nfldc chau Au ve
Trang 8a n h hfldng cua T r u n g Qud'c vdi t h e gidi
r a t k h a c n h a u P h a p , Anh, N g a cho r d n g
T r u n g Qud'c cd a n h hfldng tich cflc vdi
the gidi Dflc, Ba L a n lai cho r d n g T r u n g
Qud'c cd a n h hfldng t i e u cflc O c h a u
My-L a t m h va cac nfldc A-rap, 74% ngfldi
t h a m gia t r a ldi che r a n g T r u n g Qud'c
p h a t h u y vai trd tfch cflc'\
Ke't luan
T r e n g thdi dai t d a n cdu hoa n g a y nay,
sflc m a n h m e m da trd n e n q u a n t r p n g
hdn bad gid het, n h d sfl trd giflp cua cac
phfldng tien t r u y e n thdng, sflc m a n h
mem, trpng t a m la v a n hda cua m e t qud'c
gia dfldc phd bien r d n g va n h a n h hdn
Nam bat dflde dieu dd, t r d n g nhflng n a m
ddu the ky XXI, chfnh p h u T r u n g Qud'c
da t a n g cfldng p h a t h u y vai trd cua sflc
m a n h mem, m a t r p n g t a m la t r i e n k h a i
cac h e a t ddng ngoai giao v a n hoa de t a n g
cfldng sflc m a n h qud'c gia, n a n g cao dia
vi qudc te cua m i n h T h d n g qua cac bien
phap t a n g cfldng ngdai giao van hda,
thuc day hdp tac thfldng m a i va ddu tfl,
vien t r d T r u n g Qud'c da bflde ddu thflc
hien t h a n h edng chien Ifldc t a n g cfldng
va md rdng sflc m a n h m e m r a m e t sd
khu vflc t r e n t h e gidi Viec T r u n g Qud'e
bflde ddu t r i e n k h a i t h a n h cdng ngeai
giad van hda da gdp p h d n n a n g cad h i n h
tfldng qud'c te cua nfldc nay Ddng thdi,
Trung Qud'c cflng n g a y c a n g t h a m gia
tfch cflc hdn vad cae cdng viec qud'c te va
p h a t h u y a n h hfldng n g a y c a n g ldn t r d n g
khu vflc c h a u A cflng nhfl t r e n p h a m vi
tean the gidi Cd t h e dfl doan, t r o n g thdi
gian tdi ngoai giao v a n hoa se cd vai trd
ngay cang q u a n t r p n g t r o n g chfnh sach
dd'i ngoai cua T r u n g Qud'c, T r u n g Qud'c
se t a n g cfldng ngoai giao v a n hoa n h a m
n a n g cao sflc m a n h m e m Tuy nhien,
t r e n con dfldng thflc h i e n cac bien p h a p ngoai giao v a n hoa, chinh p h u T r u n g Qudc cflng gap k h d n g ft trd ngai, mdt
t r d n g nhflng trd n g a i chfnh la rad can ngdn ngfl
CHU THICH:
' t i $^: iUffi' i?i • 2008, 74-75 i;i
^9L $^: Ufn, Uy, 2008, 76 !;i
^http://wwvv.chinaconsulate.khb.ru/'chn/zgzt/xwb d/tl 17191.htm
^ Banh Tan LUdng: Ngoai giao vdn hda vd
sUc mgnh mem cua Trung Qud'c- Gdc nhin todn cdu hda, Nxb Bde Kmh 2008, tr 466-467 'Hodn cdu tlidi bdo, ngay 30-11-2007, tr
22
'' http;//www.moe.edu.cn/edoas/website 18/
mfol3754.htm, 22/12/2006
" http://vvvvw.the"lobal ist.com'Ston-ld.aspx? Storvld=624l
** Joseph S Nye va William Owens "Ky nguyen thong tin cua My" Cac cong viec doi ngoai Thang 3,4-1996, tr 21
" Bao cao chinh tri Dai hoi XVII DCS
Trung Quo'c '" Bai phat bieu ciia Chu tich Ho Ca'm Dao tai Dai hoi Dai bieu Hoi lien hiep van hoe nghe thuat Trung Quoc lan thfl 8, Dai hoi Dai bieu toan quo'c Hiep hoi nha van Trung Quoc ldn thfl 7, ngay 10-11-2006, Nhan dan Nhat Bao ngay 11-11-2006, tr.l
" Dan theo so'lieu trong bai: "Ngudn sUc
mgnh mem Trung Qudc", Hong Yen lUdc
dich tap ehl Kmh te the' gi6i, so' thang
3-2008, tr 71
'- Banh Tan Luong: Ngoai giao vdn hoa
vd sUc mgnh mem cua Trung Quo'c- Nhin tU gdc do todn cdu hda, Nxb Nghien eflu va day
ngoai ngU Bde Kmh, Bde Kinh, 2008, tr 477
" Robert Sutter, "Why does China
Matter", The Washington Quarterly, Vol.7, No.l, Winter 2003-2004, p.87
" opinion.org/pipa/articles/views _on_ eountriesregions_bt/116.php?nid=&nid=&pn t=116&lb=btvoe