Trudc khi d p an trien khai, cung da co mot sd edng trinh KSH(be biogas) dUdc xay theo hlnh thQc t u phat, hole theo mot vai dp an nhd cua dia phuong nhung cd hieu q u i thap, tham[r]
Trang 1<y-2-i
APDUNGCdNGNGHEKHMHOCDOIVOmOGIADMNONGTHdN GlAlPHAPCHOPMlENNONGNGiPNONGTHONBENiiGlBAOraMOITm
Oe dat dupe cac mue tieu phat trien kinh t l
thi d i m b l o "An ninh n l n g lupng"ludn la
van de c i n quan tam h l n g d i u , d i e biet
la ddi vdi Viet Nam - mpt nUdc dang p h l t trien
vdi nhu eau nang lupng blnh quan tang 1 5 - 2 0 % /
nam.Oe g i l l dupc bai toan ve t h i l u hut nang lUpng
c i n thue hien dong bd nhieu giai phap trong do
"nang lupng t l i tao" la dinh hudng phat trien d l
duoc neu trong Chuong trinh Myc t i l u Quoc gia
ve SCr dung n l n g lUpng t i l t kiem v l hieu qua va
Chien lupe Tang trudng xanh
Khu vpc ndng thdn hien cdn ban 70% d i n so
sinh sdng vdi hang tram nghln hd gia dinh cd tap
q u i n chan nudi cdn nhd 11, phan tan v l chat t h l i
chan nudi hau h i t chua qua xCf ly gay d nhiem moi
trudng nghiem trong Vi the, viec xay dpng c l c
cdng trinh khi sinh hoc (KSH), be chQa chat t h i l
s i n xuat KSH (blogas) la g i l i p h i p hQu hieu d i p
Ung dupe elc myc tieu kep: VQa tao ra nguon n l n g
luong sach va r l tien eho ngUdI dan ddng thdi
giup g i l i quyet dUpc van d l d nhiem mdi trPdng
trong c h i n nudi hien nay 6 ndng thon
Trong khudn khd bai viet nay n h l m cung cap
nhQng thong tin ca ban ve edng nghe KSH ma Dp
an "ChUdng trinh KSH eho Nganh Chan nuoi Viet
N a m " d l trien khai thanh edng trong 10 n l m qua
1 Gidi thieu ve Dp an "ChUdng trinh KSH
cho Nganh Chan nuoi Viet Nam"
Dp I n "Chuang trinh KSH cho N g l n h C h i n
nudi Viet Nam" do Cue Chan nudi, thudc Bp Ndng
nghiep & Phat trien Nong thon va To chQc hop tac
p h l t trien Ha Lan (SNV) thpc hien ke tQ nam 2003
vdl mue tieu tdng the 11 g o p phan phdt trien nong
thon thdng qua viec sQ dung cdng nghe khi sinh
hoc Ben eanh cac lpi fch cd b i n la: XQ ly chat t h i l
chan nudi va Cung cap n l n g lupng sach va re tien,
ThS Nguyen Thj Hoang Nguyen
Vien Nghien ciiu Khoa hoc Day nghe
sQ dung cdng trinh KSH con gdp phan b l o ve sQc khde cpng dong, tao them cdng an v i l e l l m vdl cle cdng viec nhu thp xay dung, b l o h l n h , l l p dat cong trinh, c h i n nudi va l l m v u d n va cung cap elc phu pham KSH cho trong trpt c h i n nudi va tao
ra thuc pham sach, gop phan c l i thien sinh ke v l chat lupng song eho ngudi dan Viet Nam Tinh d i n het n l m 2012, d p I n ho trp x l y dpng duac tren 125.000 cong trinh KSH mang lai Ipi ich cho 650.000 ngUdi, d l o tao 953 ky thuat vien tinh v l huyen, 1.505 dpi t h p x l y KSH v l t d chdc 140.000 hpi t h i o tuyen truyen va tap h u l n cho hang t r i m ngan ngudi sQ dung khf sinh hpe Cdng nghe m l cac edng trinh KSH mang lai khdng ehi
ap dung trong viec xQ ly chat t h i l dong thcfi san xuat ra nguon nang lUpng t l i tao tUqua trinh xQly Vdi phuong thQc xCf ly khoa hpc va sQ dyng dung each, " p h l n hQu ccf" sach v l g i l u dinh dQdng giup nang cao nang s u i t , chat lupng rau, q u i v l e l l tao dat, k i l m s o l t s l u benh
Theo tinh toan, d p I n eung cap ngudn nang lupng sach tUOng dUang 2.800 TJ/nam Ngudn nang lUOng nay cothe thay the 245.000 t i n p h e t h l l nong nghiep dung trong dun nau, 326.000 tan ciii,
36 000 tan than to; 6.593 tan d i u h o i , 39.405 MWh
va 4.677 tan khf hoa Idng.Tien nhien lieu tilt kiem dupc cho viec dun nau va t h i p sang cOa 140.000 cong trinh KSH tPOng dUdng 591,6 ty dong/nam (theo thdi gia t h i n g 11/2007) NhQng ket q u i tQ chuong trinh KSH mang lai la het sdc thiet thpc ddi vdi ddl sdng cua cac ho gia dinh khu vpc ndng thdn, dac b i l t la khuyen khich va tao d i l u kien thuan ldi cho c l e hp gia dinh p h l t trien kinh t l trang trai, mcf rpng chan nudi 6 n h i l u Ioal hlnh va quy md khac nhau
Dp an da duac trao g i l i nhat Wdng tuang todn
cau nam 2006 tai Brussel, Bf Day la g i l i thudng
Trang 2Hinh 1 -Thiet bi KSH nSp cd dinh kieu KT1
Kieu K T l : dUpc ap dung tai nOi ed dja tang tdt, mpe nude ngam thap, khdng cd nguy ca sat Id dl't khi
dao sau va dien tfch mat bang hep
The tfch eua thiet bj dPpc t h i l t k l tQ4.2m' tdi 50m^ va cd hai loai rieng biet I p dyng cho xQ ly phan Ipn/ heo hole p h l n b o / t r l u
Hinh 2 - Thiet bj KSH nSp co djnh kieu KT2
Be nap
Be phan giai
tO.000 „ ^ , Be oieu ap
Kieu KT2: dupe ap dyng tai nai co dja tang khdng tot, d i l n tfch mat bang rdng, khd co the dao s l u , v l mpe nudc ngam ndng;
Kfch cd thiet bi KSH dUpc Ipa chpn tuy thupc vac Ioal nguyen lieu nap, lupng nguyen lieu nap, ty le pha
l o l n g , dieu k i l n khi hau va nhu cau sQdung khf De du nguyen lieu nap cho cong trinh khi sinh hpc, moi
hp dan can nudi ft nhat 6 - 1 0 con Ipn choai, h o l e mdt con Ipn nai, h o l e mpt con b o / t r l u
Trang 3danh gia trao cho e l c dU I n dUpc
ghi nhan I I cd ddng gdp to ldn trong
viec g i l m thieu hien tupng ndng len
ciia trai dat Nam 2010, Dp I n dupc
trao g i l i thudng Ndng ludng ben
vOtng Ashden tai L u i n Ddn cho nhQng
no lpc pho bien cdng nghe KSH trong
nudc tren dien rpng vdi myc tieu c l i
thien chat luong cupc song cho ngudi
nong d i n Viet Nam N l m 2012, Dp an
mpt lan nQa dUpc giai thudng "Vi con
ngu'di'" cua Dien Oan N l n g lupng The
gidi 2012 tai Dubai, Cac tieu vUOng
quoc A rap Thong nhat
2 Gidi t h i e u ve Cong nghe, Thiet
bj KSH (KTl va KT2) phPOng thu'c
thpc hien va nhufng Ipi ich t h u dUpc
Trudc khi d p an trien khai, cung da co mot sd
edng trinh KSH(be biogas) dUdc xay theo hlnh
thQc t u phat, hole theo mot vai dp an nhd cua dia
phuong nhung cd hieu q u i thap, tham chi ed hd
khdng sQ dung dupe gl ngoai vile glQ nd nhQ mot
ndi chQa chat thai vat nudi b i t dac dl Mot trong
nhQng nguyen n h i n cua sp khdng thanh edng
n l y la cac be blogas da khdng dupe x l y dpng theo
thiet ke h o l e ngPdi t h p lam theo thdi quen khdng
cd b i n ve ehuan
- Cong nghe
Cong n g h i dUpc Dp I n pho bien va Qng dung
rpng rai la thiet bi KSH nap co dinh hlnh vdm cau
kieu KTl, KT2 d l dUpc Bp Nong nghiep & PTNT
cdng nhan trong tieu chuan nganh Kieu ham d a n
g i l n , khdng ton nhieu dien tfch, de ap dung thdi
gian dUa v i o sCf dung nhanh va on djnh Thiet bj
KSH k i l u KTl dUpc I p dung cho nhQng vung dat
de dao, nen dat doi, mpe nude ngam thap con kieu
KT2 dupe I p dung cho nhQng vung dat kho d l o ,
dat c i t , nen dat yeu, mpe nUdc ngam cao
- Phdting thdc thdc hien:
Cac hd dan cd nhu cau xay dpng da dupc tU
van de Ipa chpn kieu ccf thiet bi KSH phu hop vdi
d i l u k i l n gia dinh Sau khi hp dan q u y i t dinh chpn
cd thiet bj nao, c i n bd cua Dp an d dia phuang se
gidi t h i l u dpi t h p xay cua Dp an v l sao mot b i n ve
Xdy dung hdm biogas guy md ho gia dinh (Ngudn nongnghiep.vn)
eua t h i l t bj do kem theo g i l l thfch nhQng thdng sd
cd ban eho hp dan di hp bleu dQpe eae budc xay
dung CO b i n B i n g c i c h lam nay, hp dan 11 nhQng ngPdi s i t c i n h b i n t h p trong suot qua trinh x l y dPng, hp d l tham gia vao viec giam s i t c h i t lUpng eung vdi cac ky t h u l t vien Cy the, hp d i n b i l t dupc k i l u va cac kich thudc hlnh hoc, khdi lupng (the tich) cQa cdng trinh Ho d i n d p tru, t p di mua nguyen v l t lieu va tham gia g i l m sit Dieu n l y giup cho viec sQ dung nguyen vat l i l u gan vdi thpc t l , khdng d u thQa lang phi va khi thanh toan gia trj cdng xay dpng khdng sp bj t h p x l y "bdp
meo" Thp xay se khac ma so ma tren c6 be phan
giai h o l e tai vi trf khac gan cdng trinh do dd khi di kiem tra nghiem t h u se doi chieu ban ve d l phat cho hp d i n vdi kfch thQdc va chat iQpng thpc t l ,
lam Cd sd d l 6e nghj t h p x l y k h l c phuc neu cd loi
tQ phfa t h p trudc (khi lam bien b i n nghiem thu)
Lpt'/c/i tdcong trinh KSH
- T i l t kiem nang iQpng v l chi phi n h i l n lieu cho
t h i p s i n g , dun nau (Blnh q u i n tiet kiem 284.000
d / t h i n g , thdi gian nau 1 - 3 gid / ngay)
- Giam g l n h n l n g npi trp cho phu nQ va t r i em (khong p h l i di kiem cui hay mua nguyen lieu dot,
t h i p sang)
- Cung cap sinh pham (tiet k i l m chi phf, tang thu n h i p ) :
+ Lam p h l n bdn cho cay (Tilt kiem chi phf
Trang 4Hop 1 : Quyet t a m t h a y d o i cOa m o t ho dan v u n g Tay Bac
Ong L6 Van Panh la chu hp c h i n nudi n h i l u d b i n Noong Bua, x l Noong Bua, TP Oien Bien Phu Nha dng thQdng xuyen duy tri d i n Ipn bao gom 2 con Ipn n i i , v l 30 - 40 con Ipn thit N g o l i nudi Ipn dng cung vp nau rupu de sQdung ba lam thQc an cho Ipn Cung chfnh vl hoat dpng nay m l moi
t h i n g nha dng p h l i chi k h o i n g 600 ngan dong cho vtec mua ciii l l m chat dot, trong khi p h l n Ipn
t h l i ra gay mdi khd chju lam phien den c l c hp xung quanh Nam 2011, dQpc s u t u v a n , hQdng dan cua kT t h u l t vien dng q u y i t dinh dau t u x l y dpng cong trinh Biogas Mac du de cd dupe kinh phf
x l y dung vao k h o i n g 15 - 1 8 t r i l u dong (tUOng duang vdl tien l l i cua 2 lan b i n heo trong nam)
dng da p h l i mat gan 1 t h i n g thuyet phuc dUpc cac thanh vidn trong n h l dong •^ Trong q u i trinh
xay dpng cung gap khd khan la khu dat trong vudn nha de sat Id va CO mpe nudc ngam cao nhung vdi q u y i t tam lam thay ddl, ong d l c h i p n h i n bd them tien de mua cpc tre, xi mang va nhan cdng
d l hoan thanh cong trinh
Sau 6 t h i n g k l tQ ngay xay dpng, dieu kien sinh hoat va s i n x u l t cOa gia dinh dng da thpc sU thay d6i SQ dung bep biogas t i l t kidm dupe k h o i n g 400 ngan dong moi t h i n g , nhQng ngay mua gio thi khdng p h l i lo l i n g khi chua mua dUpc cQi N g o l i ra, nha dng van s i n g nhCfng hdm mat d i l n vdl bdng d i n biogas treo d cQa giQa cCia ngdi nha san Ong cdn cho b i l t hoat ddng c h i n nudi v i n dQpc duy tri blnh thQdng m l khdng lo bi h l n g xdm phan nan ve chat t h l i cua Ipn gay d nhiem Ong phan khdi noi: "NhQng no lpc thay ddi cda tdl d l dPpc den dip"
Nguon: Cdn bd Dt/dn Le Anh Ddc
phan bdn 48.000 d / t h i n g ; Tang nang suat lua he
thu 7,6 t a / h a )
+ L l m thQc an bo sung cho c h i n nudi ldn, c l
(Tilt kiem ehi phf thQc an cho e l 37.000d/ t h i n g ;
T i l t k i l m ehi phf thQc an cho e l giong: 6,25 trieu
ddng/ha/3 t h i n g nudi; Nang s u i t c l ro phi,dan
tinh tang 14%)
- G i l m thieu 6 nhiem mdl trQdng (Mdi trudng
sach dep, g i l m mui hdi )
- G i l m thieu tinh trang chat p h i rQng de lam
chat ddt, Sii dung nguyen lieu hoa thach va g i l m
thieu p h l t thai khf nha ki'nh
Ddi vdi nhQng hp gia dinh da tham gia d p an
thi con dQpc nhan them nhQng ho trp nhU:
- Nhan trp g i l 1,2 trieu dong/cdng trinh
- Oupc t i p huan trUde xay dpng va sau x l y
dPng cdng trinh khf sinh hpc
- Dupc t u van ky t h u l t trong suot q u i trinh xay
dpng, n g h i l m thu cdng trinh
- Cdng trinh dUpc b l o h l n h mien phf mpt n l m
bdi dpi t h p xly
Cd the k h i n g djnh viec l p dyng Cdng nghe KSH mang den nguon n l n g lUpng t l i tao sach, an toan dong thdi b l o ve mdl trudng, Qng phd vdi bien doi khi h l u , gop phan tao t h l m viec l l m , xoa ddi g i l m ngheo, c l i thien sinh ke va chat lUpng cudc sdng cda ngudi dan nong thdn Vi^t Nam Vdi nhuTig Ipi fch thiet thpc tren ca 3 phuong d i l n : Kinh te, mdl trQdng va xa hdi ma Dp I n mang lai
da cho thay sQ can thiet nhan rpng ban nQa c l c cong trinh KSH cho tat c l c l c hp gia dinh ndng thdn cd dieu k i l n phu hpp cung n h u cho c l c trai chan nudi quy mo ldn, dong g d p phat t r i l n mpt nganh KSH ben vQng v l cdng t i e xay dung Nong thdn mdi hien nay •
Tai lieu tham khao:
- Tai lieu gidi thieu ve Du an "ChUPng trinh KSH cho Ngdnh Chan nuoi Viet Nam 2007 - 2012" -So tay SCfdung kbi sinh hoc
- Thong tin tgi website cda Du dn http:/Mww biogas.org.vn/vietnam/Home.aspx