Trong nhidu thdch Ihffc lhi ddng Itfu J tdi xu hffdng ydu c l u cfla ngffdi tieu dffng ndi chung ve chat Iffdng hang hda ngdy cang cao hdn, tidu chuln cang khat khe hdn, ddc biel vdi[r]
Trang 1Trong giai doan suy thodi kinh Id' chung
todn clu, nhieu ngdnh sfin xud'l trong nffdc
bi dinh ddn, hdng loat doanh nghidp phdi
Iff ngifng boat ddng vi t i c vd vdn vd d l u ra lhi
nhffng thdng tin vd nhffng mdt hdng ndng sdn
xua'l khIu cffa Vidt Nam dang d nhffng vj tri
dan dau nhff gao, ed phd, thffy sdn trdn thffdng
trffdng qud'c id thffc sff cd J nghia ra't Idn Trong
nhffng thanh qua dat dffdc ndy cd sff ddng gdp to
Idn cua ngffdi ddn d ddng bdng sdng Cihi Long
(DBSCL) Tuy nhidn, day cung ehi la nhffng
thing Idi cd dai lau khdng thi cdn phai dd thdi
gian trd Idi Da cd nhidu J kidn vd ban chd' Idm
iudu qufi cffa ngffdi sfin xua't, ngffdi che bid'n va
nha xual khau chffa cao, chffa lao ndn chd dffng
viJng chac cho cdc mdt hang ndng sfin nay tren
thffdng trffdng Thffc le' lhi khi mdi san pham
cffa chung ta cdng vffdt Idn nhffng vi tri dan d l u
lhi dd'i thfl canh tranh thrfdng mai se cang nhieu
thdm, vd cd hdi thuan ldi se giam di nd'u nhff
ehffng ta khdng tao ra dffdc nhffng ffu thd'mdi de
ho trd Nhin chung, ehffng la cung cd nhieu cd hdi
de phdt tridn sfin xua'l va cung ffng ndng sfin thffc
pham trong bdi canh bid'n ddi khi hdu theo nhffng
dff bdo khd khdn se nhieu hdn dd'i vdi lanh vffc
nay [3], nhifng mat khdc cung se cd thdm nhieu
thdch thtfc hdn Trong nhidu thdch Ihffc lhi ddng
Itfu J tdi xu hffdng ydu c l u cfla ngffdi tieu dffng
ndi chung ve chat Iffdng hang hda ngdy cang cao
hdn, tidu chuln cang khat khe hdn, ddc biel vdi
cac mdt hdng ndng sdn Uitfc phlm, bdi cang ngay
ngffdi ta lai cdng phdt hidn thdm nhffng nguy cd
phdi nhiem ddc chd't d Udu Iffdng thd'p ma ta eho
cung van de moi trifofng
va canh tranh thifofng mai
• le XUAN THUYDN
77, Nghidn cdu NUdc vd BDKH DH QG TPHCM
Id an lodn trong thffc phlm hay mdi trffdng Ien ngffdi lidu dffng do tdc dpng tich Iffy Idu ddi gdy
ra Vi dy nhff vide phdi nhidm d mffc lieu thap bdi cdc chd't gdy ffc che npi tid't Id nguydn nhdn nhieu bdnh man linh [ 10], hay cu thd Id cdnh bdo thach tin ed trong gao Id ngudn gay ddc idu ddi cho nhieu phy nff dffng gao Idm Iffdng thffc chinh (thffdng Id ngffdi gdc A) d My [4] 6 Nhdt ngffdi
ta cung da phdt hidn nguydn nhan gdy bdnh itai-ilai (renal osteomalacia) Id bdnh IJ vd Ihdn vdi bidu hidn dau xffdng khdp cd Uen quan ldi thffc phlm vd nffdc udng nhidm Cd [17] O ddy ta con chffa ke ldi nhffng tdc ddng cdng hffdng tff nhieu ngudn, nhidu chd't ddc hai tuy d d Udu thd'p cho sffc khde Nguon gdc chd't gay d nhiem lhi ral
da dang, phan Idn do con ngffdi trffc tidp tao ra, nhiffig cung cd thd la hdu qua gidn tiep tff nhffng boat ddng eua ehffng ta Vi nhffng IJ do ndu trdn
md trong thdi gian gan ddy dd cd nhidu nd life hdp tdc Ihffdng xuydn giffa edc td chffc d l u md'i qudc te', nhff ndng Iffdng the gidi (FAO) va Y id thd gidi (WHO) [5] bdn vd vd'n dd sffc khde va ch^l Iffdng thffc pham, vd hpp lde xdy dffng vd thffc hdnh cdc chuln mffc vd sinh an lodn thffc phlm Nhffng thdng lin ndy dffdc cap nhat tai dja chi: www.codexaIimentarius.net/download/
standards/17/CXS_193e.pdf
Ndng cao chd^t Iffdng, vd sinh an todn thffc phlm khdng chi Id vd'n dd nhdn dao Udn quan
"tdibfio vd sffc khde cdng ddnero^ hi^n'''^n nK^^
tridn nhif la congcu de hao ve giao immng nang : hda, canh tranh thffcfngmni lien quan tdi cac hang rao ky thuat giffa cac ihi i; •'
Trang 2Ngoai ton dif h(5a cliS'l n6ng nghiep mh ngirfJi
dan sir dung Injc liO'p IrC-n dfing i i;ong, IM cOng
c6 moi llf»?ng nh6 chA'l 6 nhiem lan Iruy^n lir ndi
kh^c tdi dilc biet lil Irong iigu6n nirflt sflng CiVii
Long Lifcing d^c chS'l nily tuy c6 nSng dO nhfi
nhieu khi dudi ngifdng phiil hiijn cila cUc thiet
bi phSn lich mil ta hien c6, nhifng sU tich Ifly cik
chdng lai dien ra lien tuc trong mfli trifdng nen
ke't cue vSn c6 tile d<>ng nhS't djnh Tai nhOng
v&ng xa x6i nhif tren b3i hiii A mui Vi\ Mau hay
gan ciia s6ng H^u 11.11 ngUdi ta v§n ttm IhSfy dSTu
v6't c i a c4c chat 6 nhiSm httu cdchAm phSn hiiy
D^ han ch^ lifdng t6n dU nftng difdc trong nong
ph^m vii moi tnfdng do a^ dung trfin d6ng ruOng,
ngudi la tap trung hifdng vAo c^c gi5i phdp, nhu
han che' si3f dung va sCf dung hdp 1^ n6ng diftlc,
sCf dung thay the'bSng chC'ph^m ngu6n gfi'c sinh
hoc, cho tdi cdc gidi phdp canh tdc nhu bien phdp
phdng trii sdu benh long hdp (1PM),„
ngu6n dOc chSft gSy 6 nhiSm khdc m l se difdc
d l c j p chi tie'l hdn d dSy DSy 14 nhffng d6c chJt vtfn t6n tai 8 nfing dO th?p di tCf nhilu nguSn phdt
thdi trSn lifu vifc v l phdt tdn theo ddng chdy vho 13nh lh6 chiing ta Trong sddd, cd ngu6n tCf hoal
dOng sdn xud't gdy phdt thdi trSn thUdng lifu, nhifng cQng cd nhtJng ch^t md nguIn gtfc xulft
xiJ hoin todn Iff ddc thii ciia vffng dia 1} tff nhien,
nhff nguyCn Id' thach lin (As) vd Cadimi (Cd) Tff ndm 1979 k^l qui khdo sdt chSft Iffdng phu
sa cua nhilu sdng Idn trin t h i gidi vd trong dd
cd 120 mSu phff sa sdng CiJu Long thu thjp Iff y/1968 - 6/1968 lai tram Phndm Phlnh dffdc cdng b(!f 1111 vd ddng Iifu J Id phff sa sdng Cffu Long chtfa hilm Iffdng trung binh thach tin (As) d mffc Idn nhSft so vdi 1,sdng Idn trin t h i gidi dffdc khdo sdt Id: Amazon, Cdngd, Magdalena, Mekong, Mississippi, Parand, vd tffdng tff Id nguydn t l cadimi (Cd) cQng cao (xem bdng dffdi ddy)
Bang; H a m Idifng m0t s6 nguydn td'
River
Amazon
Amour
Colorado
Columbia
Congo
Danube
Ganges
Garonne
Lena
Mackcn/ic
Maj^dalcna
Mekong
Mississppi
Narbada
Niger
Nile
Ob
Orinoco
Parana
St Lawrence
Yenissei
Yukon
(lO'g/R)
Ag
38
<0.i
0.7
14
60
29
Al 11.1,000
43,000
117,000 63,000 77,000 118,000
78,000
112,000 88,000 79,000 156,000 98,000
113,000 106,000 78,000
As
5.3
3.8
7.1
27 14.6
3.9
Au 0.25
0.04
0.07
B
68
43
120
49
87
75
SI)
Ba
700
790
490
815
600
260
27(1
Br
54
10
->
5
Ca 16,000
34,000
8,400 45,000 26,500 19,500
35,800 10,000 5,900
3.300 40,000
3,000 5,900 23,000
Cd
0.81
2 1.4
NguSn [II]
®KHOA HOC T?p ehf
Xu4fo<^T]l2013
Trang 3siI phdn bd' cd tinh quy ludt phd bid'n trdn hm vffc
sdng d vffng Ddng Nam A vd Nam A, cQng nhff
sdngMdkdng [I] [15] bdi cffng mang vat lieu xdi
mdn tff dai nui Himalaya [14] Va'ndl eon ngffdi
bi phdi nhiSm As khdng cdn Id cdnh bdo md Id
vd'n d^ thffc td' nghiem trpng trong cdng ddng d
DBSCL nhff theo kd't qud di6u tra khdo sdt cffa
Berg va cdng sff (2007) [2],
Trffde day nhffng so Udu v6 hdm Iffdng cao ci5a
cac nguyen lo' nay trong phff sa sdng Mdkdng ch!
mdi dffpc quan tam d^ I^ gidi ngudn gd'c d nhiem
nffdc ngam vd'n dffpc xem nhff Id ngudn chinh
dSn cdc cha't ndy vdo cd th^ ehffng ta qua nffdc
udng bdi ngffdi ta chffa thd'y con dffdng ehffng di
vdo chudi thffc pham nhff the' nao Vd nhi^u sd'
hdu cho thd'y v l t6ng lhi phdn bd' r^ng cffa As
trong tram lich vd nhilu ting nffdc ngdm ndng
dffdi chau Ihd sdng Cffu Long [8] Theo cdng bd
cffa Hoang vd cdng sff (2010) [6] thi mau da'l
Id'y phdn tich d An Giang vd Ddng Thdp ddu cd
chffa ham Iffdng As cao Id 18 mg/kg and 38 mg/
kg Tff day ngffdi la tid'n hdnh ldp nhffng canh
bdo, khoanh vffng nguy cd cd thach tin (As) irong
nffdc ngam cflng nhff giai phdp xff ly ha thifp ndng
dp cua ehffng, va phln Idn nghien cffu cho dd'n
nay cung lap trung vao hffdng nay Vd quy ludt
chung lhi As khdng chi phd bid'n trong phff sa va
dd^t d DBSCL ma cdn d nhieu chau thd - vffa lua
Idn d Ddng Nam A va Nam A, nhff Cdmpuchia,
Thdi Lan, Mianma, Bangladesh, An Dp do cung
cd ngudn vdt hdu do ve tff Himalaya
Nhffng ddng chff y hdn ca la ffong mdt sd
nghidn cffu ff-ong thdi gian g i n ddy ngffdi ta da
tim th^y bang ehffng rd rang cua sff hd^p thu As
vd Cd trong qud Irinh trdng trpt vao hat lffa [7]
[9], chffa ke kha ndng nhiSm eac nguydn td'nay
tff vide dung nffdc gid'ng de bdm tffdi rau mdu
hay nudi thuy sdn Ddy Id nguy cP khd khdc phuc
hdn nhieu so vdi ngudn nffdc cd chffa thach tin
hay ddc chd't khdc, bdi l^y sach dat trdng Id mdt
vide hd't sffc to Idn, khd thffc hidn
Thdng Ihffdng thi c:tc nguydn id'As hay Cd cd thd tdn tai dffdi mpl so dang lien kd't ben Irong dd't, mdc di!i hdm Iffdng luydt dd'i cffa chdng thffc sff cao nhffng Id gid Irj phdng nen ci3a mdi Irffdng khu vffc, ndn ehffng chffa gay dnh hffdng ddng kd
Vi dll trffde kia Idm liia miia trong didu kidn ffng ngdp hay mffa nhieu lhi mdi trffdng da't/nffdc cd phdn ffng khff chidm ffu Uid', nhffng nay la chuydn sang thdm canh, thdo nffdc/xd phdn lhi da ldm thay ddi it nhidu mdi trffdng da'l, gay boat hda mpl cde chat chffa As vd Cd vd gidp ehffng di vdo chuoi Ihffc dn Theo Peggy vd cdng sff (2012) [12] lhi sff chuydn Irang thdi khff qua oxy hda da'l gidu mffn do lieu thodt nffdc Ihffdng xuydn hPn, thdc dly sff phdng thich As tff cdc mdi lien ke'l hydroxit trong da't, ddng thdi ddng thdi chat hffu cP cung cd vai trd gdp phan lam cd dinh/ giam mffe dd boat ddng ci5a As
Ngoai ra thi viec thdm canh sff dung phdn bdn hda hoc Udn tuc tren dong rudng trong hang chuc nam qua cung keo theo sff tich luy nhd'l dinh mpl
sd hda chat ddc hai di kem cho sffc khde Tuy ehffng chi tdn tai d mffc vi Iffdng Irong san pham sff dung, nhiftig sff tich luy lau dai cffa chung ddu
cd thd lao nen nhffng di ihffdng ddc hai trong mdi trffdng
Qua nhffng phdn lich dSn Udu ndu trdn, ta thd'y rang cd tiem an Idn nguy cP dan de'n nhiem ddc ndng san Ihffc phlm cua ehffng ta, nhffhg mffc dp
va quy md nhff thd' ndo lhi chffa dffdc xem xdt nghidn cffu Nhffng kd't qua nghien cffu chinh xdc
vd vd'n dd nay se ed rd't nhidu J nghia va dffpc ban luan tiep theo dffdi day
Xu hifdng nSng cao tidu chu^n kid'm soat
d nhiSm trong ndng san thffc ph^m Ndng cao ddi hoi vd chd't Iffdng ndng san thffc phlm Id khuynh hffdng chung bao dam san
p h l m sach eho ngffdi tidu dffng Tuy hidn tai
tidu chuln ndy d mdi qudc gia v i n cdn cd thd
khdc nhau, nhiftig sff bit lay giffa id ehffe FAO va WHO da cho ra nhffng bd lidu chuan chat iffdng
Iudn dffpc cap nhdt dd kidm ira Jdc cl-'-'i cho
nhieu loai ngii ed'c, thffc phlm [.'' i
•-Xu4foqu^7)fl013
Trang 4www.codcxalimcnlarius.nel/downhwd/standards
Ld ke't qud eua chffdng irlnh hpp u c giffa 2 id
chffc uy tin ndy ihl b0 Udu chuan ndy cd thd coi Id
nhffng chuln mffe cho Irao ddi hdng hda quCi'c id
Mdt khdc thi cdc lidu chuln vd an lodn thffc
p h l m cffng sc ngdy cdng chdi che hdn, yen c l u
mffc dp sach cao hdn, bdi nhffng phdt hidn nhidu
bdnh man tinh lidn quan tdi vi^c phdi nhidm bdi
nhidu ddc chd'l d mffc lidu thd'p [101 Khuynh
hffdng hidn nay Id ngffdi la thffc hidn Ihffdng
xuydn hdn:
- Trong qud irinh s^n xud't: Kidm sodt ngudn
dau vdo sdn xud't, quan iriSc chd't Iffdng trong Iffng
cdng doan ndng Udu chuln sach
- Qud trinh lifu thdng vdo Uij irffdng: Kidm
tra irifc lid'p, ndng tidu chuln sach ddi vdi ndng
phlm, tidu chuln sdn xud'l sach - thdn ihiOn mdi
trffdng
- Cdm vdn ddng sdn phlm khi phdi hidn cd
m l u dai didn khdng dat chuln
Cdc chuln vd chd'l Iffdng hidn khdng cdn chi Id
chuln mffc dd bdo vd ngffdi tidu dffng md ngffdi
ta cd thd vdn dung dd dffng Idn cdc hdng rdo ky
thudt, dffng dd canh tranh ihffdng mai trdn pham
vi rdng ma moi qud'c gia, moi thi Irffdng cd thd
ldp ndn Hdu qua cua hdng rdo k5' Ihudldcdclhi
trffdng nhff the ndo dd'i vdi nen kinh td sdn xua'l
hffdng ngoai cffa ehffng ta d DBSCL thi cflng da
rd rdng qua nhieu bdi hpc Vi vay, ehffng ta can
dau Iff nghien cffu khoa hpc nhieu hPn ve van de
ddc chat mdi irffdng, doe chat trong Ihffc pham
vd cdc gidi phap khdc phuc dd bdo ddm nang
sffc canh Iranh cua ndng pham cffa chdng la, can
phdng bj Irffdc vdi cdc bdng ehffng khoa hpc cu
the di ffng phd nhffng chidu ihffc canh tianh hay
ep gid bd't ngd cua cdc ddi thu thffdng mai
C l n xem dHy nhff id ydu c l u dd bdo ddm phdt
tridn s5n xuffl ndi chung, vd vi^c ndy cln dffdc tidn hdnh thdng qua nhffng nghidn cffu bdi bdn Cdc nghidn cffu hay didu tra c l n ddi hdi cd dd lin cOy cao, dffdc kidm ehffng ky lffdng, bdi kdt qu5 nhffng nghidn cffu ndy cd thd cd tdc dung nhff con dao hat iffdi Chffng ta c6 khdng il bdi hpc vd sff Ihidl hai to idn ciia ngffdi sdn xud't do nhffng Ihdng tin sai Idch vd ch^t Iffdng sdn phlm ctla minh
Dd tao ra sfin p h l m sach thi nhff dd ndu d Irdn thi thffc hidn theo quy trinh sdn xua't sach hay thdn thidn vdi mdi trffdng cd thd cflng chffa thdt d l y dff ndu xdt vd tinh chff ddng trffde cde hidn cd hay linh hudng bd't ngd O day ludn
c l n phdi cd thdm nhffng giai p h a p di^ phong,
vi du nhff sau sff cd nhd mdy didn hat nhan d l-'ukushima (3/2011) lhi vide s3n xua'l vd tidu thu hdng loat ndng sdn, thffy sdn quanh khu vffc cflng ldp tffc bj ngiffig Ire, hay sau sff cd gidn khoan d l u Decpwater horizon d vinh Mexico (6/2010) thi cflng ddTy Idn lo ngai do phdt hidn tdn Iffu mdt sd' hda ch^t Udn quan trong sinh v | t bidn vd dnh hffdng tdi ngdnh ddnh b i t Uiffy hii sdn d day Ngffdi ta dang lap Irung nhieu giai phdp lly ddc mdi U-ffdng, phuc hdi san xual Nhffhg ddy cflng Id cd hdi eho nhffng ngffdi san xud'l d ndi khde ndu biel tan dung dffng cP hdi
dd canh tranh Mdt khi chffng la vffa cd thd manh ve sdn Iffdng hdng hda ndng san cao vffa cd chd'l Iffdng t^t cung nhff xdc nhdn vd an todn Uiffc p h l m lhi vi thd' ngdnh ndng nghidp thffy sdn cffa chffng ta se cdng ndng cao thdm, tff ngffdi cung ffng sdn p h l m sang vi thd ngffdi didu phdi sdn phlm
Mdt hffdng nghien cffu mdi dang phdt trien Id tuydn Iffa gid'ng thich hdp theo muc tidu khdng ddc Hidn nay, ngffdi ta tuydn chpn gidng vdt nudi cdy ff-dng khdng chi de Uiu dffdc gidng ed ndng su^t, p h l m chat md ngffdi la cdn hffdng tdi nhffng gidng mdi cd khd ndng tich Ifly sinh hpc thd'p ddi vdi ddc chat trong mdi trffdng san xud't Nhff nhdm nghien cffu thudc DH Ibaraki (Nhat) da tuyen chpn dffdc gidng Ida tich Ifly tiid'p nguyen to cadimi trong dat [16] Do cd nhidu dff luan khdng ddng thuan vd Uiffc phlm bidn ddi
XuMo quy ly 1013
Trang 5chidu xa ion carbon (Energetic heavy-ion beams)
tao bid'n ddi vd te bdo cdy Iffa (Oryza sativa L.),
hay ddc didm hinh thai (phenolypes) md khdng
gdy bidn ddi gen hay cdc thudc tinh khdc ndn
dffpc ngffdi tidu dffng de chap nhan hdn Id thffc
p h l m bien ddi gen Cdc nhd khoa hpc cffng nhan
tti^y trong 2 gidng Ida ff-dng phd bid'n Id O sativa
indica va O sativa japonica thi ngffdi la thd'y rdng
gidng O sativa indica cd mffc dd tich Ifly Cd cao
hdn so vdi gid'ng O sativa japonica
vd tuydn chpn gid'ng ndy cho cdc dd'i iffdng cay trdng khdc cua chffng la dc lao nen nhffng bd gid'ng vffpl Irdi hdn vd nhieu mdi Song song dd
Id cdc nghidn cffu vd con dffdng ddc chat di iff mdi Irffdng vdo chudi thffc phlm, khoanh vffng dinh hffdng vd phdi Iridn cde gidi phdp khic phuc trong quy trinh sdn xuat Vide kidm djnh - xdc nhdn chd'l Iffdng sdn p h l m sach cflng can dffpc tien hdnh thffdng xuydn vd ldng ghdp vdo chi dSn dja I;^ sdn pham dd'i vdi sdn p h l m Ihffdng mai •
Tai li&u tham khao
1
2 Benjaoiin D Kocar ScoH
Fendorf, 2012, Arsenic R e l e a s e
and Transport in Sediments of the
Mekong Delta In Interdisciplinary
Studies on Environmental
Chemistry-En v i r o n m e n t a l P o l l u t i o n a n d
Ecotoxicology, Eds., M Kawaguchi, K
Misaki, H Sato, T Yokokawa, T Itai,
T, M Nguyen, J Ono and S Tanabe,
p 117-124
3 Berg M Stengel C, Tiang PTK,
Pham HV, Sampson ML, Leng M, et
al., 2007, Magnitude of arsenic pollution
in the Mekong and Red River
Deltas-Cambodia and Vietnam Sci Total
Environ, vol.372 p.4I3-425
4 Chi-Chung Chen, Bruce McCarl
Ching-Cheng Chang 2011, Climate
change, sea level rise and rice: global
market implications Climatic Change
DOI 10.1007/S10584-011-0074-0
5 Diane Gilbert-Diamond, Kattuyn
L Cottingham, Joann F Gruber,
Tracy Punshon, Vicki Sayarath, A Jay
Gandolfi, Emily R Baker, Brian P
Jackson, Carol L Foil, and Margaret
R, Karagas, 2011, Rice consumption
contributes to arsenic exposure in US
women PNAS, vol 108, p, 20656-20660
6 Food and Agnculture Organization/
World Health Organization (2010) Joint
FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food
Additives, Seventy-Third Meeting,
Geneva, 8-17 June 2010 Summary and
Conclusions, www.who.int^oodsafety/
publication s/chem/suimnarv7 3 pdf
Xu4^ quy 7)11013
7 Hoang TH Bane S Kim KW
groimdwaler and sediment ui tlie Mekong 158(8), p.2648-2658
8 Jian Feng Ma, Naoki Yamaji, Namiki Milani, Xiao-Van Xu, Yu-Hong
Su, Steve P McGralli Fang-Jie Zhao,
2008, Transporters of at senile in rice and
tlieir role in arsenic accumulation in rice grain PNAS vol 105, p.9931-9935
9 Johanna Busclunann, Michael Berg, Caroline Stengel, Lenny Wmkel, Mickey
L Sampson, Pham Thi Kim Trang, Pham Hung Viet, 2008, Contamination of drinkmg water resources in the Mekong delta floodptains: Arsenic and other trace metals pose serious health risks to population Environment International, voL 34 p 756-764
10 Kai-Wei Juang, Pei-Chi Ho,
Chun-Hui Yu, 2011 Shon-ierm effects of
compost amendment on ihe fraciionalion
of cadmium in soil and cadmium accuiimlalion in rice plants Environ Sci
Pollut Res, DOI 10.1007/sl 1356-011-0684-0
11 Laura N Vandenberg, Theo Colborn, Tyrone B Hayes, Jerrold J
Heindel, David R Jacobs, Duk-Hee Lee, Toshi Shioda, Ana M Soto, Frederick
S voni Saal, Wade V Welshons, R
Thomas Zoeller, and John Peterson
Myers, 2012, Hormones and
Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals: Low-Dose Effects and Nonmonotonic Dose Responses
Endocrine Reviews, 33(3), p.378-455
12 MarUu J-M Maybeck M, 1979,
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