Giae ngd y thtic cbinb tri, tinh than trach nhidm xay dung va bao vd Td qudc cho can bg, dang vidn va nhan dan; cd vii, ddng vidn cac tang Idp nhan dan hang hai thuc hidn nhiem vij, [r]
Trang 1MQT SO SOY NGHI VE KHflO HI|CI CO DQNG CHINH TR!
ThS NGUYEN THI THU HOAI
Khdu hiiu cd dgng chinh tri Id hinh thdc tuyen truyen true quan bdng ngdn ngu cd due, ngdn ggn vi miic dich, nhiim vu cdch mgng ciia mgt chinh ddng, mgt ddn tgc, mdt giai cdp hogc cua ngdnh, dodn the, dia phuong tiong timg giai doan, timg thdi ky Khdu hiiu cd dgng chinh tii khd phong phu vi the logi Theo hinh thicc,
cd cdc logi nhu: keu ggi, chi dgo, chda mimg, khdng dinh, nhgn trdch nhiim, dgt cdu hdi, niu vdn di suy nghi Theo y nghia thirc tien, cd cdc logi nhu: khdu hieu chiin lugc, chien thugt Theo ngi dung, cd cdc logi nhu: khdu hiiu vi chinh tri, kinh
ti, vdn hod, an ninh quoc phdng, ngoai giao Khdu hiiu cd dgng chinh tri cd vai trd gido due nhgn thirc, hudn luyen phuong phdp vd dgng vien, cd vd phong trao hdnh dgng cdch mgng cua nhdn ddn
1 Khau hieu co dong chinh trj phat
trien khong ngimg sudt chieu dai ljch sir
each mang Viet Nam, ghi dau an dac biet
moi budc chuyen cua each mang
Ngay tir khi ra ddi Dang da nhan thirc
dugc vai trd quan trgng cua khau bidu trong
ddu tranh chinh tri, bdo vi thdnh qud cdch
mgng vd su dung khdu hiiu nhu mdt vd khi
cd hieu qud cao Ciing vdi chang dudng van
ddng eua each mang, khau hidu khdng ngimg
dugc phat trien ea vd ndi dung, hinh thirc, tir
nhirng khau hidu ydu sach eai thidn ddi sdng,
giam gid lam eiia ngudi lao ddng ngheo khd,
khau hidu giir virng khi tidt trudc quan thii eua
Ban Tuyen giao Trung uong
ngudi cdng san, khau bidu dau tranh ciia phong trao cdng nhan, den nhung khau hieu
cd ddng nhidm via chinh tri do cac cap uy, doan thd cbinb tri - xa bdi Trung uong va dia phuong dd ra d cac giai doan each mang sau nay Trong qua trinh banh ddng each mang, nhan dan da tham gia vao vide sang tao khau hidu dd thd bidn y ehi, nguyen vgng, quyet tam ciia minh Sir sang tao nay dugc cae nha lanh dao, cac cap uy, td chire ehinh tri - xa hdi kip thdi phat bidn, nam bat, chat lgc thanh nhting khau hidu ed djnh budng chi dao, nang tam gia tri chinh tri - tu tudng eae khau hidu
dd len mire eao bon, bdi duong nhiet tinh va thuc day tinh than each mang tidn cdng manh
me bon
Trang 2Trong lich su ddu tranh cdch mgng, khdu
hieu cd dgng chinh tii dd phdn dnh sinh ddng
yeu cdu, nhiim vu dgc trung nhdt ciia mdi
giai doan, mdi thdi ky
Giai doan each mang 1930-1945 ed eac
loai khau hidu keu ggi dau tranh bai cdng, bai
khoa, bai tbi, chdng suu cao thud nang, chdng
di phu ddn didn Khau hidu td chirc quan
chiing trong eac cao trao: Xd vidt Nghd
-TTnh, ddi quydn dan sinh, dan chii, chdng phat
xit, chdng chien tranh de qudc, iing hd Lidn
Xd va phe Ddng minh Khau hidu phat ddng
quan chiing •viing Idn thuc hidn Tdng khdi
nghia nam 1945 Cd thd thay nhiing khau hidu
tidu bidu nhu: "Ngudi cay cd rugng", "Ung hd
Xd vidt Nghd - Tinb", "Ung bd Mat tran binh
dan Phap", "Di vdi Mat tran Dan chii Ddng
Duong", "Pha kho thdc eiia Nhat giai quydt
nan ddi"
Giai doan khang chidn, kien qudc cd khau
hidu tap hgp lire lugng, bao vd chinh quydn
non tre ciia nude Viet Nam Dan chu Cdng boa
Khau hidu kdu ggi toan dan khang chidn chdng
thuc dan Phap xam lugc da phan anh toan didn,
sinh ddng cudc chidn tranh nhan dan bao vd
thanh qua each mang, bao vd quydn ddc lap hr
do ciia mdt dan tdc vira thoat khdi vdng nd Id,
12m than nhu "Toan dan doan kdt, khang chidn
lau dai!", "Mdi phd la mdt mat tran", "Mdi
lang la mdt phao dai", "Khdng di linh cho
Phap", "Khdng ban luong thue cho Phap",
"Giii bi mat quan sir la ydu nude"
Kh§u hidu tuydn truydn dudng Idi, chidn
lugc cua Dang chi dao cdng cudc kidn thidt
dat nudc, thdi ky xay dung midn Bae xa hdi
chit nghia da day len phong trao tbi dua manh
me trong lao ddng, san xuat, hgc tap cua toan dan nhu "Ndng nghidp la mat tran hang d§u!",
"Hay tidn cdng vao khoa hgc - ky thuat!" Trong cac nganh, cae don vi cd khau hidu ridng: Nha may co khi Duydn Hai vdi khau hidu: "Ngudi ngudi thao dien, nganh nganh thao didn, dimg may nao thao didn may ay, diing dung eu nao thao didn dung eu ay, san xuat mat hang nao thao didn mat hang ay"; khau hidu eiia Hgp tac xa Dai Phong: "Bdn miia trdng trgt, quanh nam thu hoach"; khau hidu ciia Trudng phd thdng cap II Bae Ly:
"Tat ca vi xa hdi chu nghia, tkt ea vi hgc sinh
than ydu"
Khau bidu bidu tridu trong khang chidn chdng My, cim nudc vT dai da ket tinh y chi
va nguydn vgng ciia nhan dan cd vii manh me toan dan Viet Nam quydt chidn, quydt thang, ddc sire cho tidn tuyen danh giac nhu "Tat ca cho tidn mydn, tat ca dd danh thang giac My xam lugc", "Xe dgc Trudng Son di cim nude", "Thdc khdng thidu mdt can, quan khdng thidu mdt ngudi", khau hidu "Mdi ngudi lam vide bang hai vi midn Nam rugt thit", "Giac pha ta cir di", "Xe chua qua nha khdng tiee", "Dudng chua thdng khdng tide mau xuong", "Th§n toe, than tdc hon nira Tao bao, tao bao hon nua"
D^t nude thdng nhat, tidn Idn chii nghia xa hdi va hon bai muoi nam ddi mdi nhidu khau hidu cd vii khi thd thi dua ydu nudc trdn cac llnh vuc da ra ddi Nhirng khau hieu himg hue khi the ra tran ciia thdi ky khang chidn chdng My, cim nudc da dugc tidp ndi bang
nhung kh4u hidu tao su ddng thudn, thdng
nhdt, hudng tdi muc tidu, nhidm vu phat trien
Trang 3dat nudc Tinb than, khi the, ehu nghia anh
biing each mang, ldng ydu nudc dugc phat
huy trong sir nghidp xay dung va bao vd dat
nudc thdi ky hdi nhap qudc td nhu: "Tat ca vi
muc tidu dan giau, nudc manh, xa hdi cdng
bang, dan cbii van minh!", "Tat ca vi Td
qudc xa hdi ehii nghia, vi hanh phiic cua
nhan dan !", "Tat ea vi sir nghidp cdng
nghiep boa, bien dai hoa","Xoa ddi, giam
ngheo, lam giau chinh dang", "Tim kidm san
pham mdi, thi trudng mdi"
2 Tac dong tir tu'O'ng - chinh tri to Ion
ciia khau hieu co dong chinh trj
Cac khau hidu ed ddng ehinh tri qua cae
thdi ky ddu nham mue dich giao due truyen
thdng ydu nude va each mang y chi quat
cudng, nidm tu hao dan tdc; truydn ba chii
nghia Mae - Ldnin, tu tudng Hd Chi Minh; ca
nggi Dang, Bae Hd, khang dinh quydt tam
chinh tri ciia dan tdc Viet Nam; giao due dao ly
udng nude nhd ngudn, ddn on dap nghia, tri an
cdng dire nhat la vao dip ky nidm nhirng
ngay Id Idn cua dan tdc, ciia phong trao cdng
san va cdng nhan trdn thd gidi Tieu bidu la eac
khau hidu: "Tinh than Cach mang thang Tam
va Qudc khanh 2-9 mudn nam!","Tinh than
Ngay Chidn thang 30-4 va Ngay Qudc td Lao
ddng 1-5 mudn nam!", "Mimg dat nudc ddi
mdi, mimg Dang quang vinh", "Chu nghia
Mac - Lenin vd dich mudn nam!", "Chii tich
Ho Chi Minh vl dai sdng mai trong sir nghiep
eiia chimg ta!", "Sdng, chidn dau, lao ddng va
hgc tap theo guong Bae Hd vl dai", "Kien dinh
chil nghia Mae - Ldnin, hr ardng Hd Chi Minh
trong xay dung va bao vd Td qudc!", "Td qudc
ddi ddi ghi nhd cdng on cae anh hiing liet sf
Giae ngd y thtic cbinb tri, tinh than trach nhidm xay dung va bao vd Td qudc cho can bg, dang vidn va nhan dan; cd vii, ddng vidn cac tang Idp nhan dan hang hai thuc hidn nhiem vij, giai phap phat tridn dat nudc vdi cac khau hidu: "Tieh cue phat tridn kinh td la trung tam, xay dung Dang la then chdt, phat trien van hoa
la ndn tang tinh than eiia xa hdi!", "Quydt tam xay dung Nha nudc phap quydn xa hdi ehu nghia Viet Nam, Nha nudc cua nhan dan, do nhan dan va vi nhan dan!", "Tbi dua lao ddng sang tao, can kidm xay dimg dat nudc, bai trir tham nhiing, chdng lang phi xa hoa!","Xay dung giai cap cdng nhan Viet Nam vung manh, xung dang la lire lugng ndng cdt thuc hidn thang Igi su nghidp cdng nghidp boa, hidn dai boa!"
Cd ddng nhidm via xay dung he thdng chinh tri trong sach, virng manh; cimg cd khdi dai doan kdt toan dan tdc; neu cao trach nhidm cdng dan trong cac tbdd diem didn cac sir kidn chinh tri nhu Dai bgi Dang, bau cir dai bidu Qudc hdi va Hdi ddng nhan dan cac cap, thuc bidn Cudc van ddng xay dung va chinh ddn Dang, Cudc van ddng "Hgc tap va lam theo tam guong dao dire Hd Chi Minh" nhu: "Nhiet liet chao mimg Dai hdi Dai bidu toan qudc lan thir X ciia Dang!", "Bau cir dai bidu Qudc hdi
la quydn va nghia vu ciia mdi cdng dan!",
"Toan Dang, toan dan thuc bidn can, kiem, lidm cbinb, chi cdng, vd tu theo t ^ guong ciia Chu tich Ho Chi Minh vl dai"
Giao due tu hadng ehinh tri, tinh than lao ddng va dao dire XHCN cho ngudi lao ddng, thuc day phong trao thi dua ydu nude, phat hidn va tdn vinh nhan td mdi, dien binh tien
Trang 4tidn Dd la nhirng khau bidu eua phong trao
ndng dan lam kinh td gidi, phu nu giup nhau
lam kinh td gia dmh, thanh nidn lap than, lap
nghidp, phong trao tu giac tu quan, hr ren cua
lire lugng via trang, cac bd, nganh, co quan,
don vi nhu "Vinh quang thay nhirng ngudi
lao ddng tidn tidn!", "Hge tap va lam theo cac
didn hinh tidn tidn", "Day tdt, hgc tdt", "Luong
y nhu la tu mau", "La lanh diim la rach", "Ddn
on dap nghia", "Trung thanh, tan tuy, sang tao,
guong mau", "Hgc tap, ren luyen vi ngay mai
lap nghidp", "Sang mai pham chat Bd ddi eta
Hd", "Cdng an nhan dan lam theo Idi Bae"
Giao due tinh than doan kdt qudc td, doan
kdt vdi nhan dan tidn bd trdn thd gidi, thue bidn
nhidm vu bao vd boa binh ddc lap dan tdc, dan
chil va tien bd xa hdi Dd la nhirng khau bidu
thd bidn nghd thuat khdn kheo trong dau tranh
quan sir va ngoai giao, phan hoa ke thii tranh
thii sir ddng tinh img hd cua nhan dan tidn bd
va cae lire lugng each mang trdn thd gidi
Nhung khau bidu ehi dao boat ddng ngoai giao
thdi ky ddi mdi vira thd hidn truydn thdng, ban
llnh dan tde vira thd hidn sir bat nhip vdi quy
luat va xu budng van ddng ciia thdi dai: "Viet
Nam la ban, ddi tac tin cay ciia eac nude trong
cgng ddng qudc td, tham gia tich cue vao tien
trinh hgp tac qudc te va khu viae" Khau hidu
the hidn ldng mdn khach eiia con ngudi Viet
Nam khi dien ra Hdi nghi eae nudc ndi tidng
Phap, Hdi nghi APEC, Hdi nghj ASEAN,
chuydn tham Viet Nam ciia cac nguyen thu
qudc gia
Tuy da ddng gdp quan trgng vdo nhung
thdnh tuu cua cdch mgng thdi gian qua, nhung
khdu hieu cd ddng chinh tri hiin nay vdn cdn
cd mdt so hgn che: Cac khau hidu cdn dai van
phong chua cd dgng, cu phap cau khdng chuan Mdt sd su kidn cbinb tri, lich sir khdng
cd khau bidu Ndi dung khau hidu don didu tinh ddng vidn, cd vii hanh ddng each mang chua cao Cdng tac ehi dao, tham mini, tham dinh khau hidu chua thuc su dugc quan tam dung mire Cdng tac nghidn cim, sang tao eac loai khau hidu phuc vu nhidm vu cd ddng
cbinb tri chua dugc dau tu chidn luge ve ca ndi
dung, didu kidn vat chat va dao tao nhan luc Mdt sd cap uy thidu tinh than sang tao thu ddng, sao chep khau hidu khi cd ddng cac nhidm vu d dia phuong, don vj Ca bidt cd mdt
sd khau hidu khdng diing tinh than chi dao, tinh chinh tri ydu
3 Mot so kien nghj va giai phap gop phan phat huy tac dung cua khau hieu co dong chinh trj trong giai doan each mang hien nay
- Cac CO quan tham muu can nhSn thuc day
du tdm quan trgng, >' nghia thuc tien cua khau
hidu cd ddng chinh tri va trdch nhiem cua minh
trong viic xdy dimg, sdng tgo nhirng khau hidu
cd ddng chinh tri ed tam vde van dd Idn, cd tSm nhin chien luge, chidu sau tu tudng, sire ddng vidn cd vii, sire lan tda tam ly, thdi thuc hanh ddng, dd hr dd danh nhieu thdi gian, tam
sire, m' tue cho cdng tac nay
Cimg vdi vide giu vai trd chinh trong sang
tao kh§u hidu cd ddng chinh tri, cac co quan tham muu Trung uong can nam bat tham dinh nhung y tudng tdt nay sinh trong phong trao hanh ddng each mang ciia quan chiing, chat lgc
dd nang thanh khau hidu mang tdm vde, y
nghia qudc gia
Trang 5Chti trgng tdng kdt cdng tac cd ddng chinh
tri theo thdi gian, theo hi thdng vdn de, theo
linh vuc hogt dgng Didu tra, danh gia hiiu qud
ciia khdu hiiu cd ddng d cdc khu vuc, viing
miin, ddi ticgng , riit ra nhirng nhan xet, danh
gia, hi dd didu cbinb vide sir dung hinh thirc ed
ddng true quan nay
Dua ndi dung ky ndng xdy dung, sdng tgo
khau hidu, kidn thire hdi hga, my thuat vao
chuong trinh dao tao can bd tuydn giao
Khuydn khich phat tridn cac dd tai khoa hgc
nghidn cim tinh ly luan va y nghia thue tidn ciia
hinh thire ed ddng nay
Tang cudng bdi dudng va dao tao nghidp
via thdng tin cd ddng cho can bd cae eo quan
thdng tin, cac td chire, thidt chd van boa eae
cap Dau tu co sd vat chat, phuong tidn ky
thuat, my thuat, nham nang cao chat lugng ndi
dung va binh tbtic thd bidn eua cd ddng bang
khau hidu
- Khau hidu duge xay dung dua tren yiu
cdu, nhiim vu cdch mgng, bat nhip "vdi bidn
ddi cua tinh hinh thuc td bao dam dugc tinh
thdi sir va tinh thdi dai, tinh chidn lugc va
chidn thuat, tinh cbinb tri va van hda Khau
bidu "Khdng cd gi quy hon ddc lap Ur do" cua
Chil tieh Hd Chi Minh duge ndu ra vao thdi
didm cudc khang chidn chdng My, ctiu nudc
ciia dan tde ta didn ra vd ciing ac liet Khau
bidu khdng chi la phuong cham ehi dao cudc
khang chidn ma edn la chidn lugc lau dai ciia
dan tdc Viet Nam Khau hidu da trd thanh
chan ly, la mue tidu dau tranh ciia cae dan tde
dang vimg Ien chdng chii nghia thuc dan mdi;
lam thirc tinh va lay ddng luong tri nhan dan
tidn bg tren thd gidi
Can cu vao lgi ich cda nhdn ddn trong timg
thdi doan each mang dd xay dimg khau hieu thiet thue vdi ddi sdng quan chimg, phii hgp vdi
y chi, nguydn vgng eiia nhan dan, dd di vao ldng ngudi, duge nhan dan nbidt liet img hg va thirc hidn Trong lich sir each mang nude ta, cd nhiing kinh nghiem bay vd vide ndu ra eac khau hidu dung d ^ kip thdi, xuat phat tir Igi ich ciia nhan dan, da thdi bimg Idn nggn lira cam thii trong ddng dao nhan dan nhu khau hidu "Pha kho thdc ciia Nhat giai quydt nan ddi" Khau hidu the hidn gian di tridt ly phat trien ben viing, phii hgp quy luat cudc sdng, dap ting ddi hdi, nguydn vgng cap bach eiia nhan dan ngay sau Cach mang thang Tam nhu "Chdng giac ddi, giac ddt giac ngoai xam" Khau hidu cd kha nang tap hgp lire lugng, tap hgp doan kdt do bidt khoi day ldng tu hao dan tgc trong mdi eon ngudi Viet Nam, dii dting d t ^ g Idp nao, nhu :
"Dan tdc trdn hdt", "Td qudc tren bet"
Cimg vdi cac khau bidu tuydn truydn, giai thich dudng Idi, phuong hudng, mue dieh, can
tdng cudng xdy dung loai khau bidu cd ndi dung
ed vti banh ddng each mang nhu: "Bau cir dai bidu Qudc bdi la true tidp gdp phan xay dung Nha nudc phap quydn xa bdi chu ngbia ciia dan,
do dan, vi dan!", "Toan dan thuc banh tidt kidm, chdng lang phf', "Ngudi ngudi thi dua, nganh nganh thi dua, ngay ngay thi dua", Nhan rdng nhiing phong trao thi dua ma ban than tdn phong trao da trd thanh nhiong khau hieu hanh ddng rat thuydt phuc nhu "ndng dan san xu^ kinh doanh gidi", "gidi vide nudc, dam vide nha", "vi nudc qudn than, vi dan phuc via" Nen cd khau hidu vd cae sir kien lich sir quan trgng eiia dan tdc mdi khi td chirc ky
Trang 6nidm Khi xay dung khau hidu vd cac sir kidn
phai gan gia tri lich sir vdi phat huy tinh than,
khi phaeb, tam vde, y nghia eua sir kidn dd
trong hidn tai, hudng tdi tuong lai
Khuydn khich phat tridn cac khau hidu ed
ddng doan kdt toan dan, tinh hiru ai giai cap,
nghia cir ddng bao nhu phat ddng mua cdng trai
Chinh phii, quydn gdp ung hd ddng bao gap thidn
tai, chuong trinh an sinh xa hdi, nhan dao xa hdi,
ngay hidn mau, ngay vi ngudi ngheo
- Ngdn ngii khau hieu gian di, ham sue, sir
dung thuat ngir, hi ngu dai chiing Tidp thu
each gieo van trong ngdn ngii tieng Viet dd
quki chung dd cam, dd nhd, dd thude Thd hidn
triit lyphdt triin, tinh vdn hod, tdm ly vd tri tue
ddn tgc trong vide sang tao cac khau hidu ed
ddng ehinh tri giai doan tich cue, chii ddng hdi
nhap Khai quat tinb than chi dao trong dudng
ldi, nghi quydt ciia Dang, chinh sach, phap luat
ciia Nha nudc thanh khau hidu
- Can nhSc mire do, sd lugng khau hidu trong
mdt nam hoac cho mdt sir kidn chinh tri Phat
huy thd manh eiia mdi loai khau hidu dd chuydn
tai ndi dung hiydn truydn, giao due, cd ddng quan
chiing T h ^ dinh, cbinb sira, loai bd nhirng
khau hidu khdng dat ydu ciu hi tudng chinh tri,
tinh thdi sti, tinh thdi dai, tinb banh ddng
- Bdn canh each the hidn truydn thdng trdn
bang rdn, pand, ap phich, kh§u bidu can dugc trinh
bay trdn nhieu chat lieu khae nhau Khai thac ed
hidu qua vide dua khAu bidu cd ddng chinh tri Idn
cac phuong tidn thdng tin dai chung, cac chuong
trinh van boa - van nghd qu§n chtong, giao luu,
quang cao, hdi chg, tridn lam Hge bdi ky nang
xay dung, sang tao va trinh bay khau hidu tuydn
tmydn da cd trong lich sir dan tde va trdn thd gidi
THEM MQT SO THONG TIN
(Tiep theo trang 72)
1 Dai Hdi ddng UNESCO hai nam hgp mdt Ian Khda hgp Ian thir 24 tai Pari (Phap), tir ngay
20 - 10 den 20 - 11 - 1987 Doan Viet Nam do Thir trudng Bd Ngoai giao kiem Chu tich Uy ban qudc gia UNESCO ciia Viet Nam Nguyen Dy Nidn dan dau
2 Nghi quyit 2-/C//5.d5 ciia UNESCO vd Ky
nidm 100 nam Ngay sinh ciia Chii tich Hd Chi Minh, dan theo ban dich mdi ciia Bao tang Ho Chi Minh va UNESCO Viet Nam, thang 7-2009
3 Ky hieu ciia cac ban in: Ban in tieng Phap: ISBN 2-2551-5, Ban in tidng Anh: 92-3-102551-1; Ban in tidng A Rap: 92-3-602551-X; Ban in tidng Trung Qudc: 92-3-502551-6; Ban in tidng Tay Ban Nha: 92-3-302551-9; Ban in tidng Nga: 92-3-402551-2
4 Tir cac muc sau, chiing toi chi ghi cac sd, nhu:(0.1-0.11);(0.12) 1.;
5 Cac nghi quydt da dugc thdng qua vd bao cao ciia Ban I tai phidn hgp toan the thir 29, ngay
13-11-1987
6 Nghi quyit 18 C/4.351' dugc thong qua tai
Dai hdi ddng Khda hgp I§n thir 18 tai Pari, tir ngay 17-10 ddn ngay 23-11-1974
7 UNESCO va UBKHXHVN: Hdi thao qudc ti
Chil tich Hd Chi Minh - Anh himg gidi phong ddn tgc,
ATw vd«/ado/on NXB Khoa hgc xa hgi, H, 1990, tr 20 -22
8 Bao tang Hd Chi Minh: Bdc Hd vdi An Dg
NXB Thdng t&i, H, 2003, tr 271
9 But tich ciia Chii tich Ho Chi Minh, tai lieu trung bay tai Bao tang Hd Chi Minh