pham gom ngay mdt phong phu, da dang che tao men, ngfldi thd gd'm da nhan thay.. hdn.[r]
Trang 1Mot so loai men
• • cua gom Bat Trang xua va nay
MY THANH*
Lang gom Bat Trang da trai qua bao tao men theo phfldng phap fldt, blng each thang nam thang tram, bao sfl cho nguyen lieu da nghien lgc ky trdn deu chgn lgc, dao thai Den nay, lang gd'm tfl vdi nhau rdi khua'y tan trong nflde ddi de'n Ilia chgn cho minh mdt con dfldng dflcic khi ling xud'ng thi bd phdn nflde trong d xem gin nhfl da dinh hinh va p h i n nao tren va ba dgng d dfldi day ma chi lay cac cac cd sd san xuat gom dang tren da tao "di" Id liing d gifla, dd chinh la ldp men dflng thfldng hieu gom Bat Trang Cac san bdng de phii ngoai gd'm Trong qua trinh pham gom ngay mdt phong phu, da dang che tao men, ngfldi thd gd'm da nhan thay hdn Sfl da dang cua cac mat hang gd'm de cho men de chay hdn thi phai che bien Bat Trang phai ke den ddng gdp phong hot tro nhd hdn nhieu so vdi bdt da't, vi the phfl ciia cac loai men Tfl nhflng nam 80 ma cd cau "nhd tro to dan" Gd'm Bat cua the ky trfldc den nay, gd'm Bat Trang Trang cd nam ddng men dac trflng nhfl;
da xual hien nhieu loai men va cd them Men lam, men nau, men trang, men xanh mdt so' dac tinh tao hieu qua be mat men reu va men ran Cac ddng men nay dUcic khac nhau khi nung xong, hay mdt sd'loai the hien qua mdi thdi ky khac nhau nen men gia chat lieu khac; men gia da, men tao ra nhflng san pham khac nhau gia ddng, men gia hang sdn mai da tao ^fl the'ky 15, ngfldi thci gd'm Bat Trang nen mgt sdc dien mdi cho nhflng do gom ^flng nhfl nhflng ngfldi thd gom Chu Dau cdt thd Dieu nay cho tha'y, sti nhanh nhay ^j^ che' tao ra loai men lam tfl da dd (chfla ctia nhflng nghe nhan gdm Bat Trang s^it cdban), da thoi (chfla oxft mangan),
dang ngay cang bam sat nen kmh te thi nghien nhd roi trgn vdi men ao (gio trau,
trfldng, bam sat nhu cdu ctia ngfldi tieu ^5^ ^5^ ^^.^^ ^^i ^j^'t ^ao lanh) Thci Bat
dung trong va ngoai nflde Trang sii dung men lam ddng thdi vdi ky Che tao men gdm la bi quyet cua nghe thuat dflng but long lam cdng cu ve tren gdm, ngfldi thd gdm Bat Trang thfldng che dd gd'm Men lam khdng de t r I n nhfl men
Ths My T h a n h , Vien Nghien cifu Van hoa
Trang 2My Thanh - Mot sd logi men ciia gdm Bdi Trdng xiia vd nay 11
nau ma bao gid cflng dUde phfl ldp men Loai men t r a n g nga da tha'y xual hien
m l u t r d n g bdng, cd do t h u y tinh boa cao n h i e u tfl the'ky 17 va day la giai doan gd'm
sau khi n u n g M e n lam cd sac do tfl x a n h Bat T r a n g dat dinh cao trong ky t h u a t
chi den x a n h s a m t r a n g tri ndi vdi h l u bet cac t h u phap ky
Cho den nay, cac tai lieu gd'm men cd d t h u a t cham trd, d a n ghep ma dien hinh
Viet N a m xac n h a n r i n g , m e n r a n chi la t r e n lfl hfldng, c h a n den vuong, chan
dflcic s a n x u a t tai Id gd'm B a t T r a n g tfl ^^en de nghe Dfldng nhfl cac nghe n h a n
kheang cudi t h e ky 16 va keo dai tdi d i u Bat T r a n g da bien nhflng do gom thd nay
the ky 20 P h i n dfldi cda hai chiec lfl t h a n h nhflng tac p h l m dieu k b l c , mang
hfldng trdn do gia dinh n g h e n h a n Dd P h d ve dep hai hoa ca ve h i n h khdi l l n dudng
san x u a t cudi the ky 16 dfldc xem la hai net Do ky t h u a t lgc luyen d a t ky, do nung
tieu bdn gdm men r a n sdm nha't Cap cao, men t r l n g mdng, nen chfla cd trfldng
chan den do Dd p h d tao khoiing n a m hdp nao tha'y men cd hien tfldng bong troc
1600-1618 khdng chi la tieu b a n gd'm men Bat T r a n g cdn cd loai men nau, t h a n h
ran dep, ma cdn la b d n g chflng cho tha'y p h i n gdm men tro va t h e m 5% da tbdi
ky t h u a t tao m e n r a n da d a t t r i n h do cao Men n a u dfldc xem la loai men sif dung
Thdi xfla, cac cu xep loai men r a n dep va d i u tien d Bat T r a n g Gifla the ky 14,
chat Ifldng la kieu r a n h a t vflng, be m a t men n a u b i t d i u dfldc dflng ve bdng bflt
men r a n t h a n h h i n h cac 5 nhd, kich thfldc long va phii men t r a n g nga Hieu qua
chi bang h a t vflng va k h a deu n h a u Kieu dflng bflt da dfla men n a u sang mdt giai
ran h a t vflng k h d n g cho phep cd bat cfl vet doan mdi, chuyen tie'p cua gdm hoa lam
ran nao qua 1cm Loai r a n thfl hai la ran va men n a u lflc nay da cd mau vang nau
hinh m a n g n h e n , vet m e n r a n , nflt t h a n h dfldi ldp m e n t r l n g nga Tren cac dd gdm
hinh m a n g n h e n , mdi d cd the to nhfl h a t cd nien dai t h e ky 14, d i u the ky 15, men
ngd Men r a n dfldc dieu che tfl voi bgt, gio n a u dfldc dflng td len cac dd an t r a n g tri
trau va da't cao lanh hdng pha che theo ti ket hdp vdi men nen t r l n g nga, bao gdm
le nha't dinh Mdi Id gdm n l m trong minh chan den, t h a p , chau, au, dia Men nau
mgt bi quyet p h a che men rieng Dac diem cd s i c do dd n a u hay cdn ggi la m l u ba
men ran cd m a u t r d n g due, sau khi dd Id t r I u Loai men nay khdng bdng, tren be
h a n g gap khdng khi men tfl r a n Sau dd, m a t men thfldng cd vet s i n Men n a u con
ngfldi thci gd'm dflng thud'e tim, dflng son ^^JcJc dflng p h u toan bg rdi cao bd pha'n
hay mflc tau bdi len be m a t men lam hien men, tao t h a n h dd an hoa van mgc Trong
ro cac dfldng r a n Ngay nay men r a n cac loai h i n h cua n h d m dd gd'm men nhieu
thfldng dflng cho nhflng dd gd'm gia cd mau the ky 16-17, men n a u dflcic dflng
Men t r l n g cflng la men dac trflng cda xen l l n vdi men x a n h reu, men nga, tao
gd'm Bat T r a n g , men cd mau t r l n g due ra cac s i c do khac n h a u
Trang 372 Nghien cim Dong Nam A 5/2009
Loai men xanh reu dfldc dflng vdi men
trang nga va nau, tao ra loai Tam thai
rieng cua gd'm Bat Trang the ky
XVI-XVII, vi the, loai men nay mang y nghia
ldn, gdp phdn mdt trong nhflng dfl kien
doan dinh nien dai kha chac chan ciia gom
Bat Trang giai doan nay
Xuat phat la mgt lang gd'm truyen
thd'ng tfl lau ddi Bat Trang ngay nay vfla
ndi tie'p nhflng kinh nghiem ciia cha eng,
vfla cd nhieu ddi mdi, bat kip dflcic vdi xu
hfldng hdi nhap van hda va phat trien ve
kinh te, tuy, khdng phai giai doan nao, cac
Id ^d'm Bat Trang cflng gifl dfldc mflc san
xua't va xua't khau tdi Sfl thay ddi mau
ma cua cac san pham tfl tao hinh den each
trang tri, mau men ddng vai trd quan
trgng dap flng dfldc nhu cau thi trfldng
Den nay, Bat Trang cd kha nhieu loai
men, chflng tdi diem sd Iflclc mdt sd loai
men mdi da tao hieu qua tham my hay tao
cai nhin mdi la cho cac san pham gd'm Bat
Trang Nhfl:
- Men huyel du la loai men cd mau dd
rflc nhfl mau Mau men tao nen sfl sang
trgng dly an tfldng nha't la vdi nhflng Ig,
binh gd'm cd tao dang dep Day la loai men
khd lam vi men dd rat de bay mau khi gap
nhiet do cao Hien nay, men huyet du
dfldc san xuat nhieu d Id gd'm ciia nghe
nhan Trgng Help, lang Bat Trang Tuy,
cac dd gd'm men huyet du ciia nflde ta
khdng the dat ky thuat nhfl do bdng, hay
mau dd deu khdng loang mau nhfl cua
Trung Qud'c, nhflng cflng da cho tha'y sfl
cd'glng tim ra hi quyet che ngii mau men
dd ciia nghe nhan gd'm nflde ta, dac biet la
d Bat Trang
- Men bflp dong (day la each ggi ciia nhflng ngfldi thd gom) Men cd mau xanh nhat, nflde men trong treo, dfldc dflng phe bien tfl d i u the ky XX cho de'n nhflng nam
80 P h i n ldn loai men nay dflng cho dd gd'm gia cd, hang ddn, chau hay nhflng hang am, chen, khay, dia cd hinh thflc tao dang mdc mac dan da Mau men xanh rai hdp vdi nhflng mat hang am chen pha tra bdi, nhflng chen tra cd mau xanh mat hoa cflng mau xanh cua nflde tra tao cam giac ha'p dan hdn cho ngfldi ud'ng Day cung la nflde men rieng cua Id bau, vdi nhflng ngfldi thci gom kinh nghiem Id blu thfldng cho ra loai men bflp dong cd mau xanh dep nha't
- Men chay la loai men dflcic phet tflng cue men day, nhieu mau sac khac nhau len than san pham va sau khi nung cac mau men boa quyen vdi nhau va chay dai xud'ng theo than cua san pham gd'm Nhflng dfldng chay cita men cflng vdi do mau pha vdi nhau mdt each ttJ nhien, kho
cd chit dinh trfldc nen cac san pham gd'm
cd loai men chay thfldng khdng gid'ng nhau ve mau men Cd san pham phoi mau ra't hai hoa, nhflng cd san pham phdi mau khdng dep, bi loang ban Thanh p h i n chii yeu la bdt thuy tinh mau nen cd do chay cao Loai men nay thfldng cho ra nhflng san phlm gd'm trdng kha &'n tflcing, dac biet nd phu hdp vdi loai gd'm cd each tao hinh hi$n d^i
Trang 4My Thanh - Mgi sd logi men ciia gdm Bdt Trdng xiia vd nay 73
- Men t h u y t m h la loai men dUdc lam
t u bgt t h u y t i n h , dflng n h u ten ggi ciia nd
Khac vdi m e n chay, loai m e n nay chi tao
dfldc mdt m a u s i c duy nha't, khdng pha
tap Do tinh c h a t r i e n g cua men, men
thuy tinh chi dUdc dflng t r a n g ben trong
Idng san p h a m , ben ngoai t h u d n g la m e n
kho m a u den, cac s a n p h a m nhU: k h a y
mflt, dia hoa qua, dia tach, chen Men cd
cac mau: x a n h non, x a n h nflde bien, m a u
tfm n h a t va m a u t r l n g Cac loai khay,
dia dfldc l a n g m e n t h u y t i n h d trong
Idng nhfl cd nflde b e n trong da tao nen do
lung linh, la'p l a n h vdi s i c m a u men
- Men khd: M e n cd be m a t thd rap,
khong tao do bdng nhfl cac loai men khac
Men khd dflcic dflng cho cac loai vd, Ig hoa,
t r a n h treo tfldng, t r a n h sfl Men khd khi
dfldc ket hdp vdi loai m e n khac nhfl phii
ben ngoai chen, dia cdn ben trong dflng
men thuy t i n h h a y loai m e n bdng khac,
tao sfl tfldng p h a n gifla hai loai men, tao
cho san p h a m gdm cd sfle t h u hflt hdn
- Men cat: S a n p h a m khi n u n g xeng cd
be m a t n h a m vdi mdt ldp cat mdng T h a n h
p h i n bao gdm mdt lfldng cat non Ngfldi ta
cd the ve hoa van t r a n g tri len s a n p h a m
bang each s a u khi t r a n g men, dflng dao
nhgn cao bd mdt ldp m e n rdi trflc tiep ve
len dd Men cat dfldc dflng cho cac loai vd,
lo hoa, t r a n h treo tfldng Loai m e n nay
dflcic sif dflng n h i e u vao d i u nhflng n a m
90, tdi nay thi h l u nhU cac Id gd'm khdng
con dflng nfla, do n h u c l u ciia thj trfldng,
ngfldi thd gd'm p h a i ludn tim tdi ddi mdi
cac m l u ma, loai men
- Men co; dUdc dflng cho cac san pham nhfl am chen, Ig hoa Ngudi ta ggi la men
CO vi sau khi n u n g chin t h a n h sfl, ldp men tren be m a t gd'm co cum lai t h a n h tflng ddm nhd li ti, ldi len m a t san p h a m nhin nhfl vd bfldi Men co thudng cd cac mau nhU; m a u den, m a u hdng, m a u vang, m a u nau, m a u xanh
Cac loai men gia chai heu khac nhfl: gia ddng, da, sdn mai tao sU mdi la cua san p h a m gd'm Tuy nhien, vdi each nhin rieng ciia chflng toi, cac san p h a m nay
p h a n ldn da l a m m a t di net h a p dan rieng, mdc mac cua dd gd'm
Tdm lai, gd'm Bat T r a n g r a t phong phfl mau men, tfl gd'm cd da cd nhflng dong men truyen thd'ng ma chi cd d Bat Trang nhfl men ran, men xanh reu, cflng vdi net dac thfl cd cdt gd'm d l y Bat Trang da
k h a n g dinh mgt vi trf q u a n trgng trong cac lang gd'm truyen thd'ng cua nflde ta Tie'p bfldc cha dng, nhflng ngfldi thd go'm Bat T r a n g ngay nay van khong ngflng dfla
ra nhieu loai s a n p h a m sif dung nhieu loai men mdi, thay doi hieu qua t h a m my, gay
an tfldng, t h u hflt dfldc nhieu khach h a n g trong nflde va qud'c te Tuy nhien, trong nhieu cai mdi cflng c I n cd sti sang lgc de dam bao dfldc tieng ndi rieng cua mgt lang gd'm truyen thd'ng, khdng the xd bd, dfla
h a n g loai cai mdi la hay, la hap dan Dd la cai khd ddi vdi ngfldi thci gd'm Bat Trang, chdc b a n cl c I n cd sti chgn lgc, theo each nhin kinh nghiem, cd tinh t h i m my ciia ngfldi lam gd'm cung nhfl ctia khach mua,/