Phap eua nhin din Viet Nam do Phan Dinh Phimg, Cim Ba Thude, Hoang Cdng Chat lanh dao... deu dya vao su giup do, ehd ehe ciia nhan din dge theo bien gidi Lao-Viet Nam. Cac phong trio[r]
Trang 1DIEN OAN TU" TU'ONG-LY LUAN
• • • I
LICH Sir VA HIEN TAI
• • •
Trong boi canh hien nay, cdc the luc thii dich dang lim mgi cdch xuyen tgc, chia
re khoi dodn kit giira cdc ddn tgc, nhdt Id moi quan he dgc biet, hiem cd giira nhdn ddn ciic bg tgc Liio vd nhdn ddn Viet Nam von da cd truyen thong Idu ddi trong ddu tranh, cimg chung sire hao ve vd xdy dimg ddt nude
De cd cdi nhin khdch quan, todn dien vd sdu sac hon ve nhimg gid tri to ldn ciia moi quan he dgc biet md Ddng, Nhd nude vd nhdn ddn hai nudc da ddy cdng xdy dap vd dang tiep tuc ndng lin tdm eao mdi, Tap chi Lieh sir Ding trdn trgng gidi thieu bdi viet eiia dong chi KHAMBAY DAMLAT, Uy vien Trung uong Ddng Nhdn ddn Cdch mang Ldo,
Bi thu Tmh uy Khdm Mugn
Lao vi Viet Nam la hai
qude gia nui lien nui,
sdng lien sdng Phu Ludng
-Tru'dng Son li buc trudng thanh
rir nhien ndi hai nudc vdi nhau ve
mat dia ly va gin ket bai din tgc
vdi nhau ve mat tinh cim
Tir liu ddi, hai din tgc Lao - Viet
Nam da cd sir giup dd nhau chdng
thien nhien va chdng cic the lyc
ngoai bang xam luge
Tinh doan ket, diim bgc giup
dd nhau ngay cang phat trien ke
rir khi Phap thdng tri Viet Nam
(1884) vi dit ach no dich Lao (1893)
Cimg chung cinh nd le va cimg chung mgt
nguyen vgng la chien diu gianh dge lap nen
trnli doin ket nhu "anh em mgt nha" cang dugc
hai din tgc Lao-Viet Nam ning niu, bio ve
Nliiing eude khdi nghia chdng Phap d Lao
do cae ong Keo Cdmmadam Chiu Phapitchay,
PhdeadugL va nhung cudc khdi nghia chdng
-•''m
'<^ \'\-5|5»rf'' A "-^
• 1 1 ^ IM
Timg Bi thu BCH Trung uang DCS Viet Nam Nong Due Manh vd Tong Bi thu
Chii tieli nude CHDCND Ldo Chummaly Xaynliaxun, Hd Ngi, thdng 6 - 2006
Phap eua nhin din Viet Nam do Phan Dinh Phimg, Cim Ba Thude, Hoang Cdng Chat lanh dao deu dya vao su giup do, ehd ehe ciia nhan din dge theo bien gidi Lao-Viet Nam Cac phong trio diu tranh chdng ke thii chung dd lam eho nhin dan Lio - Viet Nam ngay cang y thirc siu sic hon ve tinh doan ket hai dan tgc nhu li mgt tit yeu
Trang 2DIEN OAN TU" TU'ONG - LY LUAN
Theo thdi gian tinh doan kit chiln diu giiia
hai nudc ngay cang gin bd keo son va dugc ning
len tim cao mdi ke tu khi DCS Done Duone ra
dcTi va lanh dao
Dd la tinh doin ket gitra bai din tgc dugc
xay dyng fren tinh yeu nude kit hgp khing kbit
vdi tinh qude te vd sin chin chinh Nguyen ly
dd dugc the hien rd net frong thuc tl diu franh
chong Phip qua cic giai doan 1930-1931;
1936-1939 va nhit la thdi ky bai nudc tiln hinh khdi
nghia gianh chinh quyen cich mang vao miia
Thu nim 1945
Su lien minh chien diu trong cic giai doan
ndi tren da khing dinh hiing hdn sire manh
eua tinh doin ket Lio - Viet Nam khi da dugc
chinh Dang kieu mdi linh dao
Tinh doin ket Lio - Viet Nam cing dugc
thir thich, tdi luyen trong sudt 9 nam ma Phap
frd lai xim chiem Ddng Duong lin thir hai
Ngay tir diu nim 1946, khi Phap nd sung
tin edng chiem lai tbi xa Thi Khec Dudi sy
chi buy eua Hoang thin Xuphanuvdng, lien
quan Lao - Viet da aiili dung chien diu bio ve
thi xi, nhung trudc sire iiianli quin su eua
dieb Hoang than cimg lien quin Lao - Viet
phai ait sang dit Tbii Lan de bio toan luc
lugng Tren dudng qua sdng sang dit Thii
Lan, thuc dan Phip da cho may bay chin
danh quylt liet Miu ciia Lien quan Lio - Viet
Nam da nhudm dd mgt khuc sdng Nam
Khoong Nhung gigt miu nghia tinh ay da
hoa vao nhau vun dip cho tinh doan ket Lao
-Viet Nam ddi ddi bit tir
Cimg frong nam 1946 Lien quin Lio - Viet
va nhin din vimg bien gidi Tamg Lao da phi tan
nhimg cudc hinh quan eua giac Phap nhim ngin
chin sy chi vien lin nhau giiia nhin din hai nudc Lio, Viet Nam Ddn ban NaPe ddn Na Phao do Phip chiem ddng da hai lan bi Lien quin Lao -Viet phdi hgp tieu diet Cac myen dudng sd 8 sd
12 da duge Quin ddi Pathet Lao kiem soiL gdp phin tao ra thuan Igi cho sy phat trien cdng cudc khang chien Trong nhiing eude chien diu ndi fren, nhin din frong tinh Khimmuda true tiep la nhin din cac huyen NhommaraL Kbimcgt da
cd cdng ldn frong viec phuc vy chien diu cho Lien quin Lao - Viet Nam
Mgt thanh tyu ndi bit eua quin va dan Lao
da ciing quan va dan Viet Nam "sit canh ke vai" virgt qua mgi khd khin gian khd h)' sinh bao ve dugc myen cin cu dgc theo bien gidi ndi vdi viing ty do Thanh - Nghe - Tinli eiia Viet Nam Tir dd Lao ciing Viet Nam da xay dyng dugc cin cu dia khang chien rdng ldn, vting chic Do vay da xay dung va phat trien lye lugng khing chien ngay cing manh me to ldn Dd la biu phuong khing chien viing manh eiia Lao - Viet Nam Nai dd la vimg dit
da tao nen cac lye lugng khang chien ldn manh eua ta Sau khi quin ddi Lao Itxala duge thanh lip vao nam 1949 cic lyc lugng
bg dgi chu lyc eua Lio da dugc tip ket ve diy
de huan luyen vi md cic cudc tin edng dich d nhieu noi
De di)' manh cudc khing chien mau di den thing loi Thu Ddng nim 1950 Quan dgi nhin dan Viet Nam md chien dich Bien Gidi
vi gianh toan thing "Cira ngd" eiia Ddng Duong da ndi lien vdi he thdng XHCN rdng ldn Thing Igi dd md ra trien vgng mdi het sire thuan Igi cbo cdng cudc khing chien eua nhin din hai nudc Lao - Viet Nam
TAP CHi LICH SU' OANG - SO 8/2009 39
Trang 3DIEN DAN TU'TU'CyNG-LY LUAN
Trude tinh hinh thi va luc mdi eua each
mang 3 nude Ddng Duong, Dai hgi Ding
Cgng sin Ddng Duong hgp vao thing 2-1951,
da quyet dinh thinh lip d mdi nude mgt ding
rieng de viec lanh dao khang chien phii hgp
vdi tinh hinh va yeu ciu cy the d mdi nude
Dd la mgt quyet dinh dung din vi kip thdi
Theo dd nudc ban Viet Nam da thanh lip
Ding Lao dgng Viet Nam vi sau dd nudc Lio
thinh lap Dang Nhin dan Lao'
Ding Nhin din Lio do ddng chi Cayxdn
Phdmvihan lam Tdng Bi thu; Mat tran Neo
Lio Hie Xat do Hoang than Xuphanuvdng
lam Chii tich
Sau khi cac td chire Ding va Mir fran Neo
Lao Hie Xat dugc thanh lap, Mat fran lien
minh 3 nude Lao - Viet Nam - Mien ciing
duge thinh lip vao ngay 11-3-1951 Dd la td
chire phdi hgp lanh dao ve mat nhi nudc eua
ba dan toe, frong dd lien minh Lao - Viet Nam
ddng vai frd ndng cot va quyet dinh xu hudng
phat trien
Nhiing sy kien ndi tren mang y nghia chinh
tri to ldn, vira khing dinh su phit trien manh
me eiia edng cudc khing chien chdng xim
luge Phip; vira la dgng luc thuc diy luc lugng
lien minh Lao - Viet Nam phit trien len mdt
nic thang mdi dugc cudc khing chien sang
mdt the vi lye mdi fren ci 3 mat fran quin su,
chinh tri vi ngoai giao
Miia Xuin nim 1952, mgt doan dai bieu
ciia Mat fran Neo Lao Hie Xat vi Chinh phii
khing chien Trung Lio do ngii Khimphudn
Tynaldm din diu da sang tham vi ban ke
hoach phdi hgp hoat dgng vdi Uy ban khing
chien - hanh chinh Lien khu IV Viet Nam
Sau dd, cac chien trudng Lao va Viet Nam phdi hgp tie chien vi thue day manh me su phat trien ddng deu tren ci 3 mat fran quin su chinh tri va ngoai giao
Trong 2 nim 1952 va 1953, ve mat quin
su, lien quan Lao - Viet Nam da md nhieu cudc tin cdng dip tan cic cudc hinh quin lin chiem, phi hoai biu phuong eua ta ke ca d ddng bang va mien nui Den diu nim 1953, Lio phdi hgp mgi luc lugng md chien dich Thugng Lao Trong chien dich niy, lan diu tien Lio phdi hgp vdi quan tinh nguyen Viet Nam md chien dich ldn giai phdng hoan toan tinh Sim Nua; mgt phin tinh Xieng Khoing; mgt phin tinh Phdngxaly Vao thing 9-1953
va thing 12-1953, Lien quin Lio - Viet Nam
da md hai chien dich lien tiep d Trung Lao Rieng chien dich thing 12-1953 quin dgi Lao thing ldn: giii phdng hoan toan thi xa Tha Khec, mien Dong tinh Xalavan
Thira thing, Lao trien khai xudng phia Nam giai phdng hoan toan cao nguyen Bdldven va vimg Pacxodng d Ha Lio Tiep dd, ciing vao cudi nam 1953, diu nam 1954, duge su phdi hgp chit ehe eiia quin va din Viet Nam, quin dgi Lio dinh manh d Thugng Lao, budc giac Phap phii nit khdi tuyen sdng Nam U Itii ve phia LudngPhaBang Nhiing chien djch ta chii dgng tin cdng d Trung Lio va Thugng Lao
da gdp phan to ldn vio cudc quyet chien chien luge eua quin va dan Viet Nam tieu diet tip doan cii diem Dien Bien Phu, budc thye din Phip phii chim dirt chien tranh d Ddng Duong
Cimg vdi diy manh diu franh quin su dugc sy phdi hgp va tich cue hd frg eua quan
40 TAP CHi LICH SU" OANG - S6 8/2009
Trang 4DllN DAN TU" TU'ONG - LY LUAN
tmh nguyen Viet Nam Lao dua nhilu ddi vii
frang tuyen truyen bi mat luon siu vio vimg
dich tuyen truyen phit ddng nhin din d vimg
do thi vi ven dd ndi day dau franh ddi Phap
ait khoi Lio, chim dirt chien tranh, ddi ngyy
quan, ngyy quyen khdng lim tay sat cho giac
Phip, khdng eudp bde, dan ip nhan din, thye
hien boa hgp dan tgc, khdng tin edng ra vimg
cin cir khing chien Hoat dgng eua Lao vl
diu tranh chinh tri da lam cho biu phuong
dich them rdi ren, hang ngii dich bi phin hoa,
nguy quyen Vieng Chin bi chao dio, nguy
quin hoang mang, giam ldng tui vao bgn chi
huy ngudi Phip, phin ldn nhan din ngay cing
budng ve cich mang
Tit ci nhiing thing Igi to ldn ma quin va
din hai nudc Lao - Viet Nam giinh dugc ndi
tren da tao dieu kien cho hai nudc Lao - Viet
Nam chu dgng diu franh ve ngoai giao Cic
lyc lugng, cic nudc yeu chuong boa binh va
chinh nghia tren trudng qude te da dimg ve
phia each mang d Ddng Duong vi nhin dan
Phip ciing diy manh phong trio phin chien
Trudc ip lyc fren huge chinh phu Phip phii
ky Hiep nghi Gionevo (21-7-1954) thira nhin
dge lip chu quyen eua nhan dan Lao va nhan
din Viet Nam
Vdi thing Igi eua 9 nam chdng thuc din
Phip, nhin din Lao da cimg nhin din Viet
Nam gdp phin md diu, phi ra cbe do thye
din cu tren tbi gidi Dd eiing la ket qua eua
tinh doan kit Lao - Viet Nam
Budc vao cudc khing chiln chdng My,
nhin din Lao da cung nhan din Viet Nam
phit huy eao do mdi quan he qude te, frong dd
liy khdi lien minh, tinh doan ket Lio - Viet
Nam lam nen tang, phit huy sue manh tdng hgp ciia mdi din tgc
Neu trong cudc khang chien chdng thye din Phap, tinh doin ket Lao - Viet Nam mdi tip trung vao xiy dung lye lugng diy manh diu franh quin su, chinh tri va ngoai giao thi frong cudc khing chien chdng My, khdi lien minh doin ket Lao - Viet Nam da mang nhtrng die trung mdi
Dd li su hgp tic toan dien ve quin su, chinh tri, ngoai giao, kinh te, giao dye, y te, vin hoi, giao thdng van tai, buu dien va cac mat khac
Dd la sy hgp tic giup dd nhau vdi nhirng quy md khie nhau; vira phit trien ve lugng, vira ning cao ve chit nhim dip img mgi nhu ciu ve xiy dung lyc lugng song song vdi diy manh cac mat dau franh gianh thing Igi: day liii dich timg budc dinh dd dich timg bd phin, tien len gianh thing Igi boin toan
Dd la su hop tic dugc tien hanh theo mgt
he thdng td chirc tir Trung uong den tin co sd
Dd li sy hgp tic giup dd lin nhau theo tu tudng chi dao "Lao - Viet Nam la hai ddng chi chien diu, cimg chung mgt chien hao; hat gao cin ddi, cgng rau be nira" (Ldi Cbii tich Cayxdn Phdmvihin); la "gianh thuan Igi nhit cho ban, gianh khd khin nhat ve minh" (Ldi Tdng bi thu Le Duin)
Vdi ndi dung hgp tic ndi tren, tinh thin doin ket die biet Lio - Viet Nam trong sudt chieu dai eua cudc khing chien chdng My da dugc hai Ding, hai Nhi nudc va hai dan tgc van dung mgt each linh boat sing tao va diy hieu qui theo timg budc phat trien eua cudc chien franh
TAP CHi LICH SLF OANG - SO 8/2009 41
Trang 5DIEN DAN TU'TU'ONG-LY LUAN
Cd the neu len mdt so thanh qui chung
mang tinh chien luge sau diy:
Mgt la Lao da ddn nhan nhieu tdn thit hy
sinh, danh cho ban mgi sy thuan Igi (ma ciing
la cho Lao), md tuyen dudng van chuyen Bic
Nam dai fren 1.400km tir hau phuong ldn chi
vien cho tien tuyen ldn Trong dd cd khoing
800km xuyen qua viing giii phdng Lao Nhd
dd hing chyc van can bg bg dgi hing tneu
tin vu khi quin trang quan dyng (fi dugc dua
den mien Nam Viet Nam va chien trudng
Lao Dd li eon dudng chien luge ket tinh va
tdn vinh tinh doin ket die biet Lao - Viet
Nam d mgt thdi doan chien tranh gian khd va
ic liet nhit eua cudc khing chien chdng My
eua hai dan tgc Lao - Viet Nam
Hai Id, da xay dyng nen mgt viing giai
phdng lien hoan rir Thugng Lao den Trung
Lao va Ha Lao vdi quv' md quoc gia chiem
2/3 dien tich va 1/2 dan so toan quoc Noi diy
Lio di nhin dugc sy giup da ehi nghia ehi
tinh eua hing ngin chuyen gia va hing van
quin tinh nguyen Viet Nam trong biu het mgi
llnh vare Nhd dd Lio da xay dyng dugc lyc
lugng ldn manh ve mgi mat du khi nang
quan ly va dieu hanh mgt nudc Lao thu nhd
Noi dav da frd thanh hau phuong va la ban
dap vung chic de quin va dan Lao md rdng
vimg giii phdng vi phit huy inh hudng cich
mang vao siu frong vxing dich tam chiem
Ba Id Lao da phdi hgp vdi quan tinh
nguyen Viet Nam dip tan mgi im muu lin
chiem vimg giii phdng eua My vi tay sai Vdi
viec xi>' dyng ba thir quan ldn manh gdm bg
dgi chinh quy, bg dgi dia phuong vi dan quin
du kich Lio da phit dgng vi diy manh cuoc
chien franh nhin din di>' hieu qui Cho den cudi cudc chien tranh, tir 1973 den 1975 nhieu viing giai phdng mdi da dugc chinh quyen each mang quin ly Lio da giinh dugc them dit va them din de tang them the va luc cho each mang Thanh qui ve mat quin su cdn dugc danh diu bing nhtrng chien edng vang dgi nhu: Dap tan cudc hinh quan eua My -ngyy Sai Gdn tin edng vio Dudng 9 - Nam Lao hdng chia cit tuyen dudng van tii Bic -Nam, chia cit nudc Lao lim hat Trong chien dich nay dich di eau ket vdi nguy quyen Vieng Chan dd quin ra viing giii phdng tinh Xavinnakhet de nhanh chdng thuc hien am muu ndi tren Trudc su cinh giac eua lien quin Lio - Viet Nam ke hoach nham hiem eua chung da bi dip tan vdi hang van ten djch
bi tieu diet va bi bit lam tii binh, hang trim xe ting va phio bi phi buy hoac rod vao tay lien quin Lao - Viet Nam (thing 3 - 1971)
Cimg vdi chien thing Dudng 9 - Nam Lao, lien quan Lao-Viet Nam cdn tin cdng vao sac huyet phi d Xim Thdng Long Cheeng thugc tinh Xieng Khoang ngin chin kip thdi ke hoach lin chiem Canh ddng Chum eua chung
Bdn Id, vdi nhimg thing Igi ndi tren, quan
va din hai nudc Lao-Viet Nam cing diy manh diu tranh ngoai giao tranh thu dugc su ung hg ngiy cing manh me eua ddng dio nhin dan the gidi, budc chung phii xudng thang chien franh, chip nhin ngdi vio bin dim phin riit quin My ra khdi Viet Nam va Lio
Ngay 30-4-1975, nhan din Viet Nam da gianh dugc thing Igi frgn ven bing cudc Tdng tien cdng
vi ndi day Xuin 1975 Ngiy 2-12-1975, nhan dan Lao da gianh dugc thing Igi hoan toan
42 TAP CHi LICH S(y DANG - SO 8/2009
Trang 6DIEN DAN TU'TU'ONG-LY LUAN
Nhu viv' bing ebu nghia anh birng each
mang ket hgp vdi quan he buu nghi tinh doan
ket die biet Lao-Viet Nam dugc ning len tim
cao nidi DiriVi sy linh dao sang suot tai tinh
eua Dang Nhin din Cich mang Lao va Dang
Cgng san Viet Nam hai nudc, bai dan tgc
Lio-Viet Nam da ciing nhau lap nen mgt ky tich ciia
the ky XX dugc nhin din tiln bg toin thi gidi
ea nggi than phue
"Lira thu ving, gian nan thir sue", chiln tranh
cang liii xa thi tinh doin kit die biet Lio - Viet
Nam cang toi sing vi dng anh len huong Chit
•"die biet" trong quan be Lao - Viet Nam da kit
dgng nhiing tinh hoa eua bai din tgc:
- Dd la tinh doin ket duge xiy dyng tren
nen ting eua chu nghia Mac - Lenin, trong dd
chu nghia yeu nudc chin chinh ket hgp gin
bd vdi chu nghia qude te trong sing
- Dd li tinh doin ket ma hai Ding, hai din
tgc cd chung mgt cdi ngudn li Ding Cgng sin
Ddng Duong do Chu tjeh Hd Chi Minh sang
lip ren luyen va dan dit
- Dd li tinh doin ket d i duge tdi luyen thir
thich frong cudc diu tranh liu dii, gian khd
va ac liet nhat C i hai Ding, hai din tgc eiing
chien diu va chien thing vdi hy sinh xuong
mau eua hing tneu chien si va nhin dan eua
ca hai din tgc Sy rang budc ve van menh din
tgc sy triing hgp nhau ve ly tudng cich mang
da tao nen mgt truyin thdng doan ket quy bau
khdng ke thii nao cd the chia cat duge
Taiyen thdng doin ket die biet Lao
-Viet Nam edn dugc bdi dip bdi tinh hoa vin
hoa tdt dep eua ci bai din tgc
Ca nggi truyin thdng doin ket die biet Lao
- Viet Nam Chu tieh Cayxdn Phdmvihan
viit: "Mdi quan he dd da fro thanh mdi quan
he die biel thuy chung trong sang, hiem ed
ngi)' cang duge ciing cd phit trien vamg chic Chiing tdi nguyen het ldng vom dap eho tinh htru nghi Lao - Viet Nam ngay mgt xanh tuoi ddi ddi ben viing" Chu tieh Xuphanuvdng da
ca nggi: "Quan he gitra nhin din Lao va nhan din Viet Nam la vl dai vd bd khdng bai ca, bai tha nio dii li hay nhit ciing khdng the dien
ti dugc Tinh btiu nghi dd cao hon nui dai ban sdng, rdng hon bien c a dep ban fring rim
va thorn hon bit cir doi hoa nio thorn nhat" Chu tich Khamtay Xiphindon khing dinh:
"Quan he Lao - Viet Nam la mgt mdi quan he qude te miu mye hiem cd; la ngudn sire manh vd dich, khdng bao gid can kiet"
Chu tich Chummaly Xaynhaxdn bay td ldng tin tudng: "Mdi quan he truyen thdng tinh doin ket die biet Lao - Viet Nam la tai sin vd gii Ding Nha nudc va nhin din Lao kien quyet bio ve tii sin dd nhu bio ve con nguoi ciia mit minh"
Sinh thdi, Chu tieh Hd Chi Minh - Ngudi sang lip ra Ding Cdng sin d Ddng Duong va dit nen ting cho quan he die biet Viet Nam - Lio da
ca nggi tinh sau nghia nang dd bang bai tho:
"Yeu nhau may niii cung treo
May sdng cung ldi miy deo cting qua, Viet - Lao hai nudc chung ta Tinh siu ban nudc Hdng Ha - Cuu Long"' Tiep ndi truyen thdng tdt dep eiia hai dan tgc, the he fre hdm nay xin hay cung nhau thye hien nhimg ldi giao huin ndi tren frong thye te lam cho tinh doan ket die biet Lao - Viet Nam tiep tye dam hoa ket trii frong thdi ky mdi
1 Den nam 1972 Dang Nhin dan Lao doi ten thanh Ding Nhan dan Cach mang Lao
2 Hd Chi Minh Todn lap CTQG H, 2000
T.8 fr363
TAP CHi LICH SLF DANG-SO 8/2009 43