khae) ma khdng nhdt thie't phai cd mdt didu kidn nao; bdt ky eudc hanh Id nao tai didn ciia minh, ddng Thdy cung thdng bao cho ta't ea nhtrng ddng linh, eon nhang, dd tu eiia minh dd[r]
Trang 1PHAT TRIIN CON NGU6I, PHAT TRIIN NGU6N NHAN LI/C
MANG XA HOI CUA N H U N G CAN D 6 N G
(Mot nghien curu qua dieu tra phong van sau va quan sat tham gia)
Nguyen Ngpc Mai*
Trong qud trinh ddi mdi ciia Ddng vd Nhd nudc ta thue hien trong han 20 ndm qua d nude ta, ddi sdng tdm linh, tin ngudng eiia ngudi ddn duac tdn trpng: dupe phep thue hien trong khudn khd phdp ludt Trong bdi cdnh do, hogt dpng thd Mdu vd hdu bdng trudc dien Thdnh vd dien Mdu biing phdt hinh thdnh nen nhirng mgng ludi cua nhicng cdn ddng, thu hiit nhieu nhd nghien cim vdn hda ddn gian quan tdm, tim hieu Bdi viit ndy trinh bdy su hinh thdnh bdn hpi ciia cdc cdn ddng, hinh thice vd dgc diem ciia mgng ludi cUng nhu he qud cua viec gia nhdp mgng xd hpi cua cdc cdn ddng
M d d a u
Chinh sach ddi mdi ciia Dang va nha
nudc thue hidn trong ban 20 nam qua da
dua da't nudc ta phat trien vugi bac trong
ITnh vuc kinh te, ddi sdng vat chat va tinh
than ciia ngudi dan da dugc cai thien rd
rel; ihanh luu y te giao due la rai an tugng
Ciing vdi phat trien kinh te', dan chii boa
tao ra su ddng ihuan cua loan xa hdi Ddi
sd'ng tam linh, tin ngudng dugc tdn trgng,
cac boat ddng tin ngudng, ldn giao dugc
phep tid'n hanh trong khudn khd quy djnh
eiia phap lual Sir bung phai ciia boat ddng
thd Mdu va hdu bdng Irude dien Thanh va
didn Mdu da thu hiit duge nhidu nha
nghien ciru van boa, nhat la gidi nghidn
ciiu van boa dan gian quan tam Ldn ddng
hdu bdng trudc kia chi dugc thuc hidn bdi
mdt bd phan ngudi trong xa hdi ed dae
trung tam sinh ly bdt binh thudng (can
ddng), hg trai nghidm, tim bie'u kham pha
tac dung eua nghi Id ddi vdi tam linh con
ngudi va ap dung d dang "trj lieu" nhiing
* Ths.; Vien Nghien ciru Con ngudi
rdi loan tam sinh ly Trong qua trinh dd, khdng it cac Ddng Thdy da dimg phep mau tao uy quyen tuyet ddi trong ban hdi
va cdng ddng
Ngay nay, khdng it Ddng Thdy bie't rdng Irong len ddng hdu bdng khdng cd su hien didn ciia Than linh vd ngu gia, song vdi nhirng tae dung nhdt djnh eua nghi Id ddi vdi tam ly, tam linh eon ngudi, ldn ddng hdu bdng dang duge mdt sd cae Ddng Thay coi la boat ddng mang lai lgi ich kinh te cho ban than vd eac thanh vidn ban hpi Mang ludi xa hdi cua nhiing can ddng ngoai muc tidu tin ngudng cdn hudng tdi thu nhap lidn kd't de lam an sinh sd'ng
Bai vid't nay trinh bay su hinh thanh ban hdi eua cac can ddng, hinh thiic va dac diem ciia mang ludi va lgi ich eiia vide gia nhap mang xa hdi eiia cac can Ddng
1 Nghi li len ddng hdu bdng vd sU hinh thdnh bdn hpi:
Cd the ndi trong 1 0 - 1 5 nam Ird lai day len ddng, hdu bdng phai tridn kha manh d hdu khdp cac dia ban cd ddn phii
Trang 2Nguyen Ng<fc Mai
thd Thanh va ca d nhiing didn tu gia (dien
thd tai nha ridng) Ldn ddng, hdu bdng
khdng cdn bd hep trong pham vi miia Id
Mdu (thang 3) va gid Cha (thang 8) nira
ma da trai deu ra trong nam va dugc td
chirc d bdt ky didn nao khi con nhang cd
nhu cdu lam Id Mae dii cac vdn hdu'' didn
ra trdn didn rdng, song vd co ban chu yeu
tdn tai d 3 hinh thiie chii ye'u: hdu Vui (len
ddng hdu bdng de thoa man tam linh, tam
tu, nguyen vgng edu tai edu Idc eiia eac
can ddng, nhung cude hdu ndy cdn dugc
gpi la hdu ta, hdu mimg ddng ); hinh
Ihirc thii: hai - hdu tien edn (td chiire len
ddng de hdu Thanh nhdm di cung ban sd
va tidn di can mang eho con nhang ed can
Tir phii nhung khdng the gia ddng) va hdu
gia dong (hdu de lam Id md phii eho
Thanh vd chirng ddng trinh linh ciia con
nhang)
Qua nghidn ciiu ehiing ldi thay trong 3
hinh thiie ldn ddng tren thi hinh ihire thii
nhdt khdng cdn phai ed vai trd ciia ddng
Trudng (ddng Thdy), hai hinh thirc hdu
tien edn va hdu gia ddng deu phai cd ddng
Thdyl Ddng Thdy se la ngudi true liep len
ddng dd "Thanh" nhap vao va chirng dan
Id, di cung ban sd tidn can cho eon nhang,
hoae eung la ngudi se ehirng ddng trinh
linh cho cac con nhang ed can ddng va
mudn gia ddng lam linh Tir phii Ndi mdt
each khae, ddng Thdy la ngudi se true liep
lam eac nghi thirc thu Id cho nhirng tin dd
cd can duydn vdi cac Thdn linh Tii phii
Tuy nhidn trong khudn khd bai vid't
nay ehiing tdi khdng di vao phan tich cac
loai hinh nghi Id ma chi tap trung vao khai
1 Mdt each gpi khic ciia cic cu6c td chirc Idn ddng
2 Ngudi cd tham nien len ddng lau nam va cd dien
thd de lam le gia ddng cho cac tin dd
thac vai trd eua Ddng Thdy (ddng trudng) ddi vdi eac con nhang dd tir trong eac nghi
Id ldn ddng va mang ludi boat ddng cua nhan vat nay ma thdi
Nghien ciiu cho thdy de Id chirc mdt nghi Id len ddng ngoai ydu td didn thd va ban than ehii the - ngudi len ddng thi cdn
nhieu ye'u td ca'u ,thanh khae: khdn do, cung vdn (dm nhge), le vdt, hdu ddng vd cdc tin do tham du Didu dd cho tha'y mdt
minh ddng Thdy se khdng thd tien hanh duge nghi Id ne'u khdng ed cae thanh vidn
khae tham gia, cho dii vdi tu each tip giiip
(hdu dang) hay dam duong cac phdn viec
chudn bi (bay bien trang tri dien ihd, lo com nudc, mua sdm Id Idc ) vd eung img ede chd't lieu cdu thdnh eho budi le (trang phuc, vang, ma) cung nhu cd vu canh hdu
(khach mdi, de lir)
Nhu vay, de cd the thudng xuyen thuc hanh nghi Id, cac ddng Thdy phai tao lap xung quanh minh mdi mang ludi gdm nhirng thanh vien cd kha nang cung iing ddy dil eac djeh vu dap irng yeu cdu bdt budc cua mgi budi thuc hanh nghi Id Nhtrng thanh vidn nay hinh thanh ddn trong qua trinh Ddng Thdy hanh nghe, hg
la nhirng ngudi thudng xuydn dd'n didn ciia Thdy de Id bai, hay xin Thdy giiip cac cdng vide tam linh cho ban than va gia dinh, hg eung la ngudi eung cdp vang ma cho nhiing budi lam Id lai didn eiia Thay;
da timg chju Id tidn can hay gia ddng trinh linh tai ban dien eua Thdy (ddng linh") va cung dugc Thdy thudng xuydn cho/gpi du nhiing eupe len ddng cua thdy Sau nhtrng ldn nhu vay, hg trd ndn quen than va trd thanh ddi tae lam an, tham ehi ed irudng hgp trd thanh chdng vg Tdt ca cae ihanh vidn nay tao thanh mdi edng ddng gpi la
bdn hpi tap hgp xung quanh ddng Thdy,
Trang 3M^ng xa hgi
trong dd ddng Thdy dugc coi nhu hdi
trudng Vi vay, thdi gian ddng Thdy hanh
nghe cang lau thi sd lugng cac con nhang
dd tir cang nhieu, ban hdi cang ldn Mdi
ddng Thdy deu cd mdt ban hdi ridng vdi
sd lugng tir vai ba chue ngudi dd'n hang
tram ngudi Cae thanh vidn trong ban hdi
thuong xuydn tap hgp, gap gd nhau trong
mdi cugc Id ldn ddng hdu bdng ciia ddng
Trudng hay bat cii/eude Id ldn ddng nao
eiia cac thanh vien/trong ban hdi Trong
eac cugc Id dd, hg trg giiip ddng Thdy va
hd trg nhau khi mdt trong nhiing thanh
vidn trong bdn bdi thue hanh nghi Id len
ddng Tat ea cac thanh vidn trong ban hdi
cd mdi ldn he kha mat thid't vdi nhau tao
nen mdt mang ludi cae quan he duge ggi
la mang xa hdi (social nework, Wkipedia)
d day la mgng xd hpi ciia nhicng cdn ddng
Mang duge thid't lap ban ddu bao gid eung
la ddng Thay, ngudi ddng vai Ird nhu la
hat nhan ban ddu, sau dd hinh thanh cae
mdi lien he (ciing hoan canh, eiing ehung
tidng ndi va nhung quan nidm, sd thieh vd
tdm ly, tin ngudng) Mgng xd hpi cda
nhimg cdn dong duge eau tnic bdi nhirng
dd tuf ciia ddng Thdy, cd mdi lidn he vdi
nhau va vdi hat nhan
2 Phuang thde td chdc vd ddc diem
ciia mgng
Binh Ihudng mdi ed nhan cd cude sd'ng
ridng vdi gia dinh ciia minh va nhirng cdng
vide cu the Thoat nhin, cd ve su lidn kd't
giira cac ea nhan vdi nhau la khdng chat
che, tuy nhidn khi nghidn ciru sau thi thay
cae ea nhan ed quan he vdi nhau kha mat
thid't qua mang ludi eiia hg Khi ddng
Thdy, ddng linh td chirc ldn ddng hdu
bdng d bat eii dau, hay di Id xa noi dja ban
eu trii, cac thanh vidn trong ban hdi lai
thdng bdo cho nhau va tu hgp nhau lai
ciing ganh vac, cimg chia se traeh nhidm ciing nhu ciing hudng Ide Cd the ndi,
chinh ddng Thdy cung cae ye'u td nhu dien
thd; nghi li len ddng la hgt nhdn thu hdt
mgi con nhang cd tin ngudng tu vd Trong
dd vai trd quan trgng nhdt la nhtrng ddng Thdy Vdi each thiic td chiic quan ly ridng ciia minh, cae ddng Thdy ed the duy tri, va
md rdng mang ciia minh hay eiing ed the lam eho mang ngay mdt teo di Cac ddng Thdy thudng ed cau cira mieng ciia minh
dd duy tn va md rdng ban hdi Trong qua trinh tham nhap nghien ciiu mang xa hpi ciia nhiing can ddng chiing tdi nit ra may
ddc diem ciia mgng xa hdi cua nhiing can
ddng nhu sau:
- Bdn hpi ed sa do hinh mgng, vdi hgt
nhdn Id dong Thdy vd ede thdnh vien xung quanh
O day ddng Thdy chinh la hat nhan thu hiil tai ca eac ddng linh, cung van, thii
nhang, hdu dang tao thanh mdt bdn hpi
Cae thanh vidn trong ban hdi ciing cd mdi lien he vdi nhau
- Hdnh vi ifng xic trong mpt bdn hpi cd
quan he hdng dpc (tren- dudi) giiia ddng
Thdy va ddng Linh; vd quan he hdng
ngang (binh ddng) giiia cac thanh vidn
trong mang Cae thanh vidn trong mang ed traeh nhidm bao vd, giiip dd ldn nhau, thudng xuydn lidn he vdi nhau, td chiic thdnh timg dodn di Id xa
- Trong bdn hpi cung co nhiing quy ude
khong thdnh vdn nhu: giiip nhau cdt dat
cac vide trong budi Id nhu da md ta d trdn; khi tham du bdt ky mdt eudc ldn ddng nao ciia ddng Thdy eung nhu cac tbanb vidn trong ban bdi, eac thanh vien deu cd tidn mimg (day eung la mdt hinh thire giiip nhau); mgi cdng viec phuc vu (hat hdu, dang khan do, nfl'u com, lam eac vide
Trang 4Nguyin Nggc Mai
khae) ma khdng nhdt thie't phai cd mdt
didu kidn nao; bdt ky eudc hanh Id nao tai
didn ciia minh, ddng Thdy cung thdng bao
cho ta't ea nhtrng ddng linh, eon nhang, dd
tu eiia minh dd'n hudng Idc va ngugc lai
khi mdt trong sd cae ddng Hnh ed nhu cdu
ldn ddng hdu bdng deu thdng bao cho
ddng Thdy va cae thanh vien trong ban hdi
dd'n du; trong 3 nam ddu mdi gia ddng
ddng linh phai hau tai dien ciia ddng Thay
sau dd mdi dugc di tod bdng d noi khae;
eac thanh vidn trong mang khi da ehgn
cho minh mdt ddng trudng va mdt ban hdi
de sinh boat tam linh thi phai "trung
thanh" vdi ban didn dd Su trung thanh
khdng phdi bdt huge ma thdng qua nhiing
sang Igc tu nhidn theo thdi quen va ydu
cdu ciia mdi thanh vidn trong mang: cd
ngudi thich dien to, phii ldn, ddng sang,
Ide nhieu; ed ngudi ehgn didn ehinh vi
didn dd la noi gia ddng eho minh (irudng
hgp ddng H, ddng N - Ta Thanh Oai); cd
trudng hgp chgn didn ehinh khdng can eir
didn to hay nhd ma ddng Thdy phai la
ngudi tinh thdng "phep ddng", cd uy tin
trong ban hdi duge nhieu ngudi ea nggi, la
ngudi dinh dac, that tha khdng luon leo,
bjp bgm (trudng hgp cung van G - Tridu
Khiic); cd trudng hgp ehgn didn ehinh vi
da'y la noi nudi dudng va tao co hdi cho
cude sd'ng va nhirng boat ddng sdng eiia
minh (cac cung van, hdu dang d Phii Gidy
- Nam Djnh) Tdt nhidn khdng loai trir ed
nhirng cung van, chi thieh ehgn didn ehinh
khi didn dd ed nhieu tien Ide eung nhu tidn
dat Tuong tu nhu vay, mdt hdu dang
thao nghd eung ed thd phuc \'u eho rdt
nhidu ddng Thdy, song hg eung cd mdt
didn chinh de iheo va d didn nay hg dugc
mdi ggi bdt ky khi nao cd td chiie Id hdu
ddng
Khi xae djnh duge didn thd nao, tiic la ddng Thdy cua didn dd la nai td chiic chinh eho minh phuc vu va trung thanh, thi ta't ca cae thanh vien tii eung van, ngudi lam vang ma, hdu dang va eac tin dd deu
tu nguydn chap hanh mgi nguyen tdc do ddng Thdy cua dien dd dua ra Khi td chiic cac canh bdu, chi can ddng Thdy ggi didn thoai la nhirng ngudi lam dd ma nhdt nhat tuan theo va mang ldn diing hen, diing yeu cau ma khdng cdn phai mac ca ve gia, khdng edn phai Idy tien ngay Cac de tir khae eiing vay, khi Thdy ggi va ndi ngay gid ed budi Id la hg bd tdt ca cdng viec ciia
ca nhan, gia dinh de'n phuc vu Ngay ca cae cung van, hdu dang cung vay, mac dti
hg ed ihd di phuc vu d nhieu didn khae nhau, song hg ludn uu tien phuc vu cho didn chinh cua minh ngay ca trong trudng hgp ed Idi mdi eiia cac dien khae dua trudc ihii lao ldn ban
- Mgng xd hpi eiia nhimg edn ddng Id mgng cd tinh md
Tinh md d day th^ hidn d chd cae Ihanh vidn trong ban hdi nay cd ihd tham gia vdi cac ban hdi khae Dieu nay the hidn rat rd d cae hdu dang va cae eung van Thdng thudng mdt cung van hay hdu dang ed thd phuc vu cho nhidu didn thd khae nhau, didu dd eung ed nghia la mdt cung van cd the ed rdt nhieu ddng Thdy thud mdi hat hdu, song bao gid hp cung uu tidn cho didn chinh ndu trong trudng hgp triing ngay
Mat khae tinh md eiia mang ludi xa hdi nay cdn the' hidn d eac mdi quan he gitra eac ddng Thdy vdi nhau: mdi ddng Thay thudng xuydn cd nhung quan he vdi eac ddng Thdy khae Khi mdi Irong
sd Ddng Thdy hdu vui, hay hdu chimg ddn (khai nidm chi chung cho hdu tidn
Trang 5M^ng xa hgi
can va hdu gia ddng) hg deu mdi nhau
ldi du, khi tdi du khdng chi cd phong
bao mimg nhau dugc bdc ghd' hdu ma hg
cdn trao ddi, hgc hdi nhau ve bi quyd't
nghe nghiep (each miia ddng, each thuc
hanh cae nghi thiie ); va cdn hd trg
nhau trong hanh nghd niia Vi du mdt
ddng Thdy cd didn tu gia se phai muan
cdnh tai den ldn de hdu gia dong hay
hdu tiin edn cho con nhang trong trudng
hgp con nhang cd nhu cdu md Phu d ddn
to, phii ldn va nguge lai nhting chu didn
d ddn, phii ldn khi gap eon nhang ngheo
hay nhtrng ddng ngheo, linh khd khdng
dil tien ehi phi eho nhiing canh hdu d
dien ldn thi ddng Thdy d day lai gidi
thidu ve cac ddng Thdy d didn tu gia Dd
duy Iri duge quan he nay ddng Thdy
thudng phai ed mdt khoan tien ddng gdp
cho den, phu nai mugn canh, ddng thdi
Irong khi nghi Id tidn hanh, mgi thanh
vidn trong ban phii, ban den (bao gdm ca
lir den) deu dugc hudng Idc dudi hinh
lhii:c tung trong canh hdu hdm dd
Tinh md eiia mgng cdc cdn dong cdn
the hidn d chd mang lidn luc dugc md
rdng Cung ed trudng hgp eac thanh vidn
cii bd di Su bd sung cac thanh vidn dugc
ihyc hien qua nhieu kdnh, ed the ddng
Thdy tu ldi keo duge qua eac quan he
ciia minh, hoae do cac thanh vidn trong
ban hdi ldi keo Trdn thue td', nd'u cd ea
hdi la eac thanh vidn trong ban hdi ddu
gidi thidu ngudi mdi eho ddng Thdy va
ban didn dd, khdng loai trir vide ehd bai
ddng A, ddng B ma thidn vj/ ea nggi eho
ddng Thdy eiia minh, lir day cae de tir
ciia ddng Thay cting cd vai trd gidng nhu
luc lugng trung gian giira ddng Thdy,
dien Mdu vdi the gidi bdn ngoai va ban
hdi cting vi thd' ma ludn cd su bd sung
thdm cac thanh vidn mdi Su gidi thidu nay eiing cd khi la true tid'p (dieh than dua dd'n), hoae gian tid'p (dua dja chi, sd didn thoai de ngudi dd tu tim dd'n gap ddng Thdy) Trdn thue td' eiing cd trudng hgp sau khi gia ddng d mdt didn nao dd vai ba nam nhung ddng linh thdy lam an khdng ldn dugc, hay vdn eii dm dau nhidu thi hg eho la khdng hgp vdi didn
dd, hoae ddng Thdy dd chua lam diing phep eho hg khi gia ddng ndn khdng hidu nghidm, thi hg se tim dd'n vdi didn khae, ddng Thdy khae de lam Id gia ddng
lai Trudng hgp nay ggi la tdi dong, sau
khi da tai ddng hg nhap vdo mang (ban hdi) khae, va duong nhidn la bd mang
cu
3 He qua eua viee gia nhdp mgng xd hpi eiia nhung edn ddng
Tu nhirng dae diem ndu trdn, su kd't ndi giiia cac thanh vidn trong ban hdi vdi nhau va vdi ddng Thdy kha mat thie't, mdi lien he nay ngay cang duge eiing ed thdm bdi nhirng ye'u td dac thii ma chi trong ldn ddng hdu bdng mdi cd Vide thudng xuydn gap gd nhau tai mdi eudc
Id ldn ddng hdu bdng noi didn thd eua ddng Thay da gia tang tinh than thie't Mdi ldn nhu vay hg duge chia se vdi nhau, tham hdi tinh hinh cude sd'ng cua nhau (trude khi vao eudc Id), khdng thidu nhiing trudng hgp nhd nhiing mdi quan he kieu nay ma nghe nghidp, vide lam an ciia hg trd ndn thuan cheo mat mai ban: "tir ngay ra ddng va nhap ban hdi eiia Thay, cd ban hang dugc nhieu hon, nen thu nhap cung kha ban" (Nguydn Nggc Mai, 2005 - 2009) Dd la trudng hgp mdt dd tu lam nghe ban hoa qua d edng bdnh vidn Hiiu Nghj bdi eir mdi ky Id cua didn Thdy ihi cd ehinh la
Trang 6Nguyen Nggc Mai
ngudi cung cdp hoa qua cho cude Id, va
mdi ldn nhu vay cd le phai bdng 5 - 7
budi chg Mdt sd khae eung thdng qua
ban hdi dd ed them co hdi de them nghe
mdi hoae thanh ban lam an (trudng hgp
ddng H, Td Thanh Oai - HN) nhd cd ra
ddng lai Chiia Biii, cd quen bie't eung van
G va theo anh hgc hat van, nhd cd sir day
dd tan tinh ciia Thdy G, H cd them nghe
mdi, tang them thu nhap cho gia dinh:
"tir ngay theo thdy hge hat va duge thdy
cho di hat hdu ciing, em tha'y thanh than
ban nhieu, cugc sd'ng ed them thu nhap
cting bdt chat vat hon" (Nguydn Ngpc
Mai, 2007) Hoae nhu trudng hgp ddng
N (Djnh Cdng - HN) sau mgi vai cude
ldn ddng cd, tim dugc y irung nhan la
chdng ciia ed hidn nay Nhu vay, eac mdi
quan he mdi ngudi mdt nghe, mdi ngudi
mdt Hnh vue da md rdng mang giao
ihidp eho mdi ca nhan khi tham gia
mang xa hdi ciia nhtrng can ddng Dieu
nay hd trg it nhieu eho boat ddng sd'ng
eiia mdi ca nhan, trong dd bao gdm ca
hoat ddng kinh le Nhieu cung van qua
nhirng boat ddng nay ma kd'l ndi duge
nhiing quan he rdi rdng trong ca nude,
cung nhu qua nhirng mdi quan he nay hg
cd CO hdi md rdng dja ban lam an.' Mdt
sd eung van eung thdng qua cae quan he
Irong mang ma md rdng pham vi anh
hudng va dugc mdi hat hdu thudng
xuydn vi the ma thudng xuydn cd vide
lam.^ Dd la ehua ke dd'n tac dung khae
vd linh than dem lai cho cac thanh vidn
3 Cung van D (Phii Giay, Nam Dinh) cho biei qua
quan he tir ban hdi ma anh cd nhirng co hdi lam an
budn bin cay canh lai rat ldn tdi hang tram u-ieu
ddng
4 Mdt cung van khae d HN cho biet thu nhap tir
hdt van hau cdc cude len ddng cua anh chie'm tdi
40% ldng thu nhap ciia ca gia dinh
khi sinh boat chung trong mang: Vide tu tap nhau lai trong nhiing cude Id ldn ddng hau bdng giiip hp cd them co hdi giai quyd't dugc vide tam linh; dugc cdu xin ban tai ban Ide (giai quyd't vide ddi Ihudng); dugc ciing thang hoa vdi
"Thanh" trong thudng thiic van chdu -mdt hinh thiic am nhac dac biet khie'n ngudi nghe ed thd quen het mpi met nhpc, dau khd ddi khat (dap iing nhu cdu Ihdm my); sau dd cimg cdng cam cdng menh trong biia com doan vien va cd ca Idc Thanh (dd vat va tien) dem ve Tam
ly "mpt mie'ng Idc Thanh bang ganh Ipc Iran" da mdt ldn nira chiing td tac dung ciia nd trong ihdi hien dai, nd khdng chi mang lai nhtrng lgi ich ve tinh thdn, vai ehdl cho cac thanh vien Irong mang xa hgi dd ma cung ca long tin, irach nhiem
va cac Ihdng tin dugc phat irien va irao ddi qua lai trong quan he giua cac thanh
vidn irong ban hdi cung tao thanh vdn xd hpi (Wikipedia) cho nhtrng can ddng
Irong eudc sd'ng va cdng vide
Ket luan:
Mang xa hdi ndi chung, mang ciia nhirng can ddng ndi ridng la mdi trong nhung san phdm ciia nhtrng sinh boat tin ngudng, nd giiip mdi thanh vidn bdt di su don ddc, giiip bg lu tin han vdi nhtrng thanh vien ddng quan diem Sinh boat irong mang nhu da trinh bay d iren mpt mat dem lai cho hp nhieu eo hdi ban trong eupe sd'ng, gdp phdn phat trien cude sd'ng
ca nhan cung nhu gia dinh ciia hg Dieu dang luu y d day la ngay ehinh cac thanh vidn trong ban hdi deu khdng nhan ra hoae
cd linh khdng thira nhan dd la hidu qua do mang xa hdi dem lai ma hg ddu cho day la
do Thdn, Thanh "phii hd" ndn hg mdi khdm kha ra Su cudng lin ciia hg da bj
Trang 7M^ng xa hgi
mdt sd ddng Thdy khdng ed tam lgi dung;
hau qua la khdng it ngudi mdt tien, mdt
nha, sat nghidp vao nhiing canh hdu ma
bdnh tat vdn khdng khdi, lam an vdn
khdng phat Day la mat trai, tidu cue eua
boat ddng tam linh ndi ehung va ldn ddng
hdu bdng ndi ridng va eiing la didu ly giai
tai sao cd nhiing con nhang khi bidt minh
cd "can ddng" thi cting cd gdng vay mugn
de lam mdt Id tidn can ma "tra ng Tii phii
cho xong"^ ehii khdng mudn gia ddng
trinh linh, bdi vdi hg, tranh duge tham gia
vao mgng xd hpi eua nhimg cdn ddng la
thoat khdi mdt ganh nang tinh thdn Van
dd dat ra cho cdng tac quan ly van boa ndi
chung, cac boat ddng tam linh ndi ridng la
lam the' nao de han chd' nhung tac ddng
tidu cue ciia mang ludi xa hdi cua cae can
ddng, lanh manh boa cae nghi Id tam linh
Tai lieu tham khao
- Trdn Hiiu Diing Vdn xd hpi vd phdt trien kinh te http://www Tia sdng.com.wn/ new
- Ld Hdng Ly 2008 Su tdc dpng cda kinh te thi trudng vdo li hpi tin ngudng
Nxb V H T r & Vidn Van hod tr 363
Nguydn Nggc Mai Tu lieu phdng vdn sdu cdc Ddng Thdy vd thdnh vien trong bdn hpi d Nam Dinh vd Hd Npi tiic ndm 2007-2009
- Tu lieu diiu tra phdng vdn sdu vd quan sdt tham du cda tdc gid tii; ndm 2005- 2009
- Hoang Ba Thinh 2009 Vdn xd hpi, mgng ludi xd hpi vd nhung phi ton Tc Xa
hdi hgc, sd 1 tr 43
- Wikipedia Social network Http//en Wikipedia Org/ Wiki/ social- network