trudc yeu cdu phdt trien ddt nude, ngdnh gido due ciia Viet Nam dang phdi ganh mot trdch nhiem rdt ndng ne, thdm chi co ngudi cdn cho rdng gido due Id "ldi di duy nhat de Viet Na[r]
Trang 1Thu gui BQ Bien tap Tap c h i C d n 9 sdn
MAY Y KIEN VE GIAO DUC 6 NUdC TA
TRUdC YEU CAU HOI NHAP
NGUYEN VAN DAN
^AN day, gido due dang trd thdnh chu de
tranh ludn sdi ndi tren bdo chi Diing
trudc yeu cdu phdt trien ddt nude,
ngdnh gido due ciia Viet Nam dang phdi ganh
mot trdch nhiem rdt ndng ne, thdm chi co ngudi
cdn cho rdng gido due Id "ldi di duy nhat de
Viet Nam thodt ngheo "
Trudc iinh hinh do, rdt nhieu y kien dang
mudn tiep thu cdc quan diem vd md hinh gido
due cua nude ngodi, nhdt Id cua phuong Tdy, de
cdi cdch ngdnh gido due Viet Nam Chung ta cd
thi thdy cdc j kien tranh ludn tap trung vdo
nhirng gidi phdp chinh nhu: Cdi cdch phuong
phdp truyen thu kien thiic; han che phuong phdp
thien ve thdy ndi, trd ghi de nghieng ve phuong
phdp goi md vd cd su tham gia ddi thoai tich
cue cua hqc sinh; tdng cudng hoqt ddng nghien
cuu trong gido due dqi hoc, bien cdc ca sd gido
due - ddo tqo dqi hoc thdnh cdc trung tdm
nghien cm khoa hqc - cdng nghe; trao quyen tu
chu cho cdc ca sd gido due - ddo tqo nghe
nghiep vd dqi hoc; phdt trien cdc trung tdm gido
due - ddo tqo phuc vu thi trudng; xdy dung cdc
err sd gido due - ddo tqo dqi hoc dat chudn
qudc te
Ve giai phap 1: Thuc ra day khdng phdi Id
mot gidi phdp hodn todn mdi Bdi le trong cdc
trudng dqi hoc, nhieu gido vien ciia chiing ta dd
dp dung phuong phdp day hqc ndy rdi Tuy
nhien, chung ta chua cd nhirng quy djnh chat
che vd nhitng bien phdp khuyen khich cho viec
dp dung gidi phdp ndy, v) the nd chua phdt huy
duac tdc dung vd hi$u qud trong gidng day
dai hoc
Ve giai phap 2: Doi vdi gidi phdp bien cdc
ca sd gido due - ddo tqo dqi hoc thdnh cdc trung tdm nghien cm khoa hoc - cdng nghe, toi cho rdng cd ve nhu khi de ra gidi phdp ndy, mot sd nhd khoa hqc cda Viet Nam nhdm vdo md hinh gido due - ddo tqo ciia nude My Qud thuc Id nude My cd nhitng ca sd gido due dqi hqc ddng thdi Id nhung trung tdm nghien cm khoa hqc -cong nghe rdt mqnh The nhung, cdc nhd khoa hoc do dd khdng tinh den mdt dieu Id nude My khdng cd vien han lam khoa hqc lam nhiem vu nghien cm thuc thu Vien Han Idm Khoa hqc qudc gia ciia Hoa Ky thuc chdt chi Id mdt hdi danh du, khdng vi lqi, tap hqp cdc hqc gid cd thdnh tuu tu cdc ca sd nghien cm tren cd nude,
tu nguyen Idm chiic ndng tu vdn chuyen mdn cho Chinh phu vd cho khu vuc cdng Cdn nhiem vu nghien cm thuc thu duqc giao cho cdc trudng dqi hqc Cdc thdnh vien cua Vien Hdn lam khdng duqc gqi Id vien s~i nhudNga, Phdp , vd
hq vdn la thdnh vien ciia cdc ca sd gido due vd nghien cuu Vi the, cdc ca sd gido due - ddo tqo dqi hqc cua Hoa Ky mdi chinh Id cdc trung tdm nghien cuu thuc thu, duqc Chinh phu cdp kinh phi vd duqc nhinig dan vi ddt hdng nghien cuu tdi trq, cd ca sd vdt chdt ky thuat rieng, thdm chi
cd cd cdc ca sd sdn xudt de nghien cm vd trien khai Tit do chiing trd thdnh cdc trung tdm gido due vd nghien cm khoa hqc rdt mqnh cua ddt nude
* PGS TS, Pho vien truong Vi?n Thong tin khoa hpe
xa hpi
.S6 803 (thang 9 nam 2009) 9 3
Trang 2Thu gud Bd Bien tap Tpp chf Cdng s d n
Ve giai phap 3: Ddy Id gidi phdp phii hqp
vdi xu hudng chung hien nay tren the gidi Tuy
nhien, ngay cd quan diem ciia Lien hqp qudc
cUng vdn chu truong coi trqng vai trd bao cdp
vd dieu chinh cua nhd nude trong cdc linh vuc
an ninh qudc gia vd khoa hqc ca bdn Ddy la
vdn de thuqc ve nguyen tac md qudc gia ndo
Cling phdi tinh den
Ve giai phap 4: Trong thdi dqi todn cdu hda
ngdy nay, chiing ta khdng the trdnh khdi su thdm
nhap ctla yeu td thi trudng vdo tinh vuc gido
due - ddo tqo Tuy nhien, chung ta khdng duqc
quen rdng muc tieu ciia xd hdi tri thite trong
tuang lai Id tien tdi mdt xd hdi chia se tri thiic,
mot xd hoi hqc tap cho tdt cd mqi ngudi Khdng
de v\ muc dich thi trudng md ddn den dnh trqng
mdt cdn ddi trong gido due givta khoa hqc ca
bdn mang lqi lqi ich lau ddi vdi khoa hqc ung
dung mang lqi lqi ich trudc mdt; cung nhu ddn
den tinh trqng chenh lech xd hdi do gido due
gdy ra Dieu ndy da duqc Lien hqp qudc nhdn
mqnh Nhieu nude hien nay da y thuc duqc
nhihig dieu ndy vd hq dd co nhiing chinh sdch
dieu chinh rdt tich cue
Nude ta la mot nude dang phdt trien vd di
sau, viec cdi cdch gido due phdi tinh den mqi
yeu td, vd dieu quan trqng Id phdi tinh den
nhiing xu hudng tuang lai cua the gidi de khdng
lap lqi nhiing khiem khuyet cua xd hdi thi
trudng, trdnh ddn den nhiing hdu qud md trong
tuang lai xd hdi tri thuc se phdi khdc phuc
Ve giai phap 5: Hien chung ta dang ndi rdt
nhieu den gido due theo chudn qudc te, ddc biet
Id gido due dqi hqc, vd chung ta dang mudn
phdn ddu xdy dung mdt sd truong dqi hqc ddng
cdp qudc te Nhung the ndo Id chudn qudc te
trong gido due thi hdu nhu chiing ta chua xdc
dinh duqc rd rdng
Tren the gidi, ngudi ta mdi chi cd cdc tieu
chudn qudc te ISO cho cdng tdc qudn ly gido
due ndi chung, chti chua cd cdc chudn qudc te
ve muc tieu, nqi dung, hieu qud vd chdt luqng
cho tdt cd cdc linh vuc gido due Chdng han
UNESCO da ban hdnh tieu chudn qudc te vi
phdn cdp gido due Theo bdng tieu chudn ndy,
cdc cap [hay trinh do] cua he thdng gido due se
bao gdm 7 cdp tinh tit 0 den 6: Cdp 0: Gido due
tien tieu hqc (tuc gido due mdm non); Cdp 1:
Gido due tieu hqc - giai doqn ddu ciia gido due
ca sd (6 ndm gido due ca sd bdt budc); Cap 2: Gido due trung hqc ca sd - giai doqn cudi cda gido due ca sd (3 ndm; kit thuc 9 ndm gido due
ca sd bdt budc); Cdp 3: Gido due trung hqc phd thdng; Cdp 4: Gido due sau trung hqc phd thdng (tit 6 thdng den 2 ndm); Cdp 5: Gido due dqi hqc giai doqn ddu (khdng true tiep nham ddo tqo trinh do nghien cuu cao cdp; tit 2 den 6 ndm tiiy chuang trinh hqc); Cdp 6: Gido due dqi hqc giai doqn cudi (hudng tdi ddo tqo trinh do nghien cuu cao cdp cho sinh vien da tdt nghiep, giiip hq cd khd ndng dam nhdn nhiem vu gidng day vd nghien cuu; a cdp ndy, ngudi hqc phdi lam ludn vdn hoac ludn dn tdt nghiep).^^^
Ddy chi Id cdc tieu chudn phdn cdp chung, cdn cdc tieu chudn ve ndi dung ddo tqo cu the ciia mdi ngdnh thi mdi ngdnh vd mdi trudng lqi
cd cdc tieu chudn rieng Tren the gidi, cdc nude deu cd tinh trqng vd kinh nghiem gido due khdc nhau, cho nen ta rdt khd tiep thu vd hqc hdi nude ndo Ngay cd cdi he thdng phdn cdp gido due 7 bac ciia UNESCO tren day cung khdng phdi Id dd duqc tdt cd cdc nude dp dung Vi the, viec lua chqn md hinh ndo cho phu hqp mdt cdch thda ddng vdi dieu kien cua nude ta Id mot vdn de rdt nan gidi vd dang gdy lung tung cho cdc nhd qudn ly vd nghien cuu
Chung ta dang ndi rdt nhieu den cdi cdch gido due theo tieu chudn qudc te, nhung trong tdt cd cdc vdn kien ciia Nhd nude vd trdng cdc ' cuqc tranh ludn ve gido due gdn ddy, thi hdu nhu chua cd y kien ndo ndi den khung phdn cdp gido due noi tren ciia UNESCO, vd vl the ciing chua the cd y kien ndo bdn ve viec cd cdn thiet phdi dp dung nd hay khdng
Chung ta cdng da vd dang ndi rdt nhieu den viec xdy dung cdc trudng dqi hqc "dat tieu chudn qudc te" Nhung dqi hqc tieu chudn qudc
te Id gi, ai Id ngudi du tu cdch cdng nhdn, thi khdng thdy ai chi ra Tren thuc te, khdng cd cdi gqi Id "dqi hqc tieu chudn qudc te " chung cho tdt cd cdc loqi dqi hqc, md thuc ra chi cd nhiing trudng dqi hqc cd uy tin qudc te md chung ta dang mudn hqc tap vd gqi dd Id dqi hqc tieu
(1) UNfESCO, International Standard Classification of
Education Phan cap giao due theo tieu chuan quoc te ISCED 1997 May 2006, Re-edition, www.uis unesco org/TEMPLATE/pdf
9 4 S6 803 (thang 9 nam 2009)
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chudn qudc te Cdn a ta, n^uai ta ndi xdy dung
dqi hqc tieu chudn qudc te nhung lqi mdi cdc td
chuc nude ngodi (nhu cua Hd Lan, Hoa Ky) chii
khdng phdi cdc td chdc tieu chudn qudc te kiem
dinh Phdi chdng chiing ta dang nhdm ldn giita
khdi niem "qudc te" vdi "nude ngodi"? Md khdi
niem "qudc te" hay "nude ngodi" a day cUng
thuang duqc ddng nhdt vdi "phuong Tdy ", ddc
biet Id vdi "Hoa Ky ", md it khi nhdc den cdc
nude cd quan he truyen thdng vdi ta nhu Nga,
Ddng Au Trong khi dd tren thuc te chua cd td
chuc ndo tren the gidi khdng dinh Hoa Ky Id dqi
dien cho qudc te!
Trong du thdo Chien luqc gido due
2009-2020, chung ta dang chii truong day tieng Anh
lien tuc cho hqc sinh tit lap 3 den dqi hqc; tit
ndm 2010 day song ngitAnh - Viet a mdt sd mdn
hqc tit cudi cdp trung hqc ca sd, bdt ddu a mot
sd dia phuong vd ca sd gido due cd dieu kien vdi
quy md tdng ddn trong nhung ndm tiep theo; ddi
vdi gido due dqi hqc, thuc hien gidng day mdt sd
mdn hqc bdng tieng Anh a mdt sd trudng dqi
hqc tit ndm 2008 vdi quy md vd sd mdn hqc tdng
ddn trong nhiing ndm tiep theo Mot trong nhdng
quy dinh ve tieu chudn gido su Id phdi cd trinh
do giao tiep duqc bdng tieng Anh Phdi chdng
tieng Anh Id mdt "chudn qudc te " md chung ta
dang theo dudi?
Dung la tieng Anh rdt cd ich trong cdng cuqc
hdi nhdp qudc ti hien nay Tuy nhien, cdc nhd
hoqch dinh chinh sdch vd qudn ly hay tham khao
y kiin cua UNESCO vi da dqng vdn hda trudc
khi thdng qua nhung chien luqc quan trqng nhu
thi ndy Trong da dqng vdn hda chung ta khdng
the khdng ndi din da dang ngon ngir, mot thdch
thuc cung khd gdy cdn trong xd hdi tri thuc hien
nay Ngdn ngu Id mdt phuong tien chuyen tdi tri
thiic Nhung hien tqi, trong thai dqi cua todn cdu
hda, hien tuqng huy di^t cdc ngdn ngu thieu sd
dang gia tdng den miic bdo dqng Moi mot ngon
ngir mit di chinh la mot nen van hoa bj mat di,
mpt kho tang tri thuc bj mat di, mpt loi song bj
mat di, va c6 thi la ca mpt doi song tam hon bi
mat di!
Tuy nhien, su da dang ngdn ngu eiing dang
trd thdnh mqi thdch thuc mdi cho xd hdi tri thuc
trong tinh vuc cdng nghe thdng tin vd truyen
thdng Hi$n tqi, tieng Anh dang chiem vi tri
thing tri tren In-ta-net Vd nhieu ngudi cho
rdng, vi(c thing nhdt sii dung tieng Anh se Id
mdt dieu thudn lqi cho viec tiep can tri thiic trong khdng gian thuc tqi do The nhung, day
chinh lai la mot nguyen nhan gop phan lam gia tang tinh trang each biet tri thuc, va hien nhien
la dan den each biet xa hpi: Se ed tinh trqng Id
ngudi biet tieng Anh cd duqc nhieu ca hdi han
so vdi ngudi khdng cd dieu kien hqc tieng Anh Han nua, Uong cac linh vuc khoa hoc nhan van
va trong van hoa - nghe thuat, mot ngon ngir chung khong the chuyen tai dugc het y nghia
van hoa dac thu cua cac ngon ngii ca biet Vi
the, cong ddng quoc te vdn dang cd gdng khdc phuc thdch thiic ndy
Nhu vdy, khi tuyet ddi hda mdt ngoqi ngd nhu tieng Anh, chiing ta cdn phdi thdn trqng tinh den hit cdc hdu qud md dieu do cd the dem lqi
Vd qua nhimg gl UNESCO phdn tich vd khuyen cdo, chiing ta cd the thdy, mac du tieng Anh la
mot ngon ngir huu ich trong cong cuoc hpi nhap hien nay, nhung chac chan Uong quan niem ciia UNESCO va ciia nhieu nuoc, no khong phai la mpt tieu chuan quoc te cho giao due noi chung
va giao due dai hoc noi rieng
Tren thuc te khdng cd tieu chudn ve dqi hqc qudc te ndi chung, md chi cd dqi hqc cd uy tin qudc te Vi the cd the chap nhdn cdch ndi ve viec xdy dung dqi hoc "ddng cdp^ qudc te " Tdt nhien trong sd nhung ngudi ndi den dqi hqc ddng cdp qudc te khdng phdi ai cUng phdn biet duqc
"ddng cdp" vdi "tieu chudn" Vd, ngay cd ddi vdi viec xdy dung dqi hqc ddng cdp qudc te thi vdn de ddt ra vdn phdi Id: chung ta se phdi lua chqn md hinh dqi hqc ndo cho phd hqp vdi dieu kien kinh te - vdn hda - xd hdi cua ddt nude, phu hqp vdi he thdng phdn cdp giita gido due vd nghien cuu cua nude ta, vd nhdt Id phdi dem lqi hieu qud thuc te ddp itng yeu cdu phdt trien con ngudi vd ddt nude Viet Nam Cu the Id chiing ta
se lua chqn md hinh dqi hqc cua My vdi truyen thing vda la ca sa ddo tqo vda Idm thay chiic ndng nghien cm cda mot vien hdn idm, hay Id
md hinh Nga, md hinh Phdp , vdi truyen thdng gido due chuyen sdu cd su hqp tdc vdi cdc vien hdn lam? Rd rdng, khdi niem "dqi hqc tieu chudn/ddng cdp qudc te " vdn Id mdt khdi niem rdt mahd Neu cii huyen hoac vdi khdi niem do thi chung ta se khd dat duqc muc tieu xdy dung mot nen gido due Viet Nam tien Uen vd phu hap vdi vdn hda ddn tdc cua nude nhd O
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