Nhung day ciing chinh la thdi nien tri thirc Nhat Ban thap nien 60, 70 ciia gian vg chdng Murakami sdng nhu nhiing thi ki XX vdi nhieu bien ddng ve kinh te va y thanh nien tu lap va hi[r]
Trang 1DAO THI THU HANG'
Jinh tir thdi thi trudng sach Viet Nam
thinh hanh van hgc Nga Xd Viet
nhirng nam 1980 cho tdi sir len ngdi ciia cac
tac gia Nobel trong thap ki 90 cua the ki XX
va nhiing nam dau the ki XXI, chua bao gid
ngudi yeu van chuang nude ta lai ddn nhan
nong nhiet vdi mgt sd lugng sach xuat ban
Idn den the cua mdt tac gia Chau A la
Murakami Haruki nhu trong ba nam gan
day
Murakami Haruki cd mat tai Viet Nam
lan dau tien vao nam 1997 vdi tieu thuyet
Rung Naiiy, ngay sau dd, vdi nhieu li do,
tieu thuyet nay da bi cam xuat ban Vay ma
dung mudi nam sau, Murakami da trd lai,
tran ngap cac hieu sach, khdng chi vdi Rirng
Naiiy ma cdn vdi rat nhieu tieu thuyet,
truyen ngln khac lien tuc dugc in trong mdt
thdi gian rIt ngln Vay dau la nguyen nhan
cua "hien tugng" van boa dac biet nay? Phai
chang Murakami den dugc vdi dgc gia khap
nam chau cung nhu ddc gia Viet Nam la do
mot van phong k l chuyen bac thay, mgt ban
sic van hoa toan d u boa, mgt cdt truyen hap
dan ca vl sir kien tinh tilt lln dung y nghe
thuat?
Bai vilt se lam sang td nhiing thae mac
cung nhu dua din cho dgc gia mdt cai nhin
ting thi vl van chuang Murakami - mgt nha
van chuyen nghiep thugc vao hang
best-seller tren van dan thi gidi bien nay
Murakami sinh nam 1949 tai co dd Kyoto
trong gia dinh tri thirc, ca cha va me
Murakami dIu la giao vien mdn van hgc Nhat
Tien sT, Dai hpc Su pham Ha Npi
Ban bac trung hgc Tuy nhien Murakami lai Idn len d Kobe, thanh phd se con mai am anh trong tam tri cung nhu tac pham ciia Murakami bdi tran dgng dat khiing khiep nam 1995 Co ve nhu quan he cua Murakami
va cha me khong dirge tot lam do bat dong tu tudng Song than muon dng tam minh trong bau khdng khi cd dien cua van chiromg phuang Dong, con ban than dng, ngay tir nho
da CO khuynh hudng phan khang lai dieu do
Sd thich cua Murakami la dgc nhti-ng tac pham kinh dien Chau Au the ki XIX Murasaki hay Basho khong cuon hiit ong bang Balzac, Flaubert Chekhov, Dickens, Dostoicvsk}', Murakami cung thich truyen trinh tham, khoa hgc gia tudng Co the chinh
sd thich nay da de lai dau an trong nhieu tac pham cua ong \di cac yeu to buyen ao, sieu hinh Ong cung hgc, va hgc rat gioi tieng Anh, dgc cac tac pham nude ngoai bi'mg nguyen tac Ngoai tu each la mgt tieu thuyet gia, ong cdn xuat hien tren van dan vdi tu each mgt dich gia uy tin Cac tac pham dich thuat van hgc chau Au cua dng cung ban chay khong kem Ong cdn yeu thich cac loai nbac hien dai, dac biet la nbac Jazz Elvis la ca sT dng yeu thich, Beatles, Beach Boys, la nhumg ban nbac "rugt" cua ong Trong tac phIm ciia Murakami xuat hien day ray nhumg ban nbac trong vai trd phoi canh
Tdt nghiep trung hgc, Murakami vao hoc khoa Kich cd diln tai trudng Dai hgc Tong hgp Waseda Tai day dng da gap dugc ngudi ban gai cd chung nhilu sd thich va cung sdng phdng khoang, hien dai la Takahashi Yoko, ngudi sau nay trd thanh ban ddi ly tudng ciia
Trang 2dng Ong nhanh chdng kit hdn vdi Yoko va Thdi ki nay, mdi tac phIm mdi cua den nam 1971, hai vg chdng tam ngung hgc Murakami cd sd lugng phat hanh len tdi hang dai hgc de md mdt quan rugu nhae Jazz cd 100 ngan ban Nhiing nam 80 ciia the ki XX, ten la Peter Cat, ten chii meo cung ciia hai Nhat Ban trd thanh dat nude tieu thu, nhieu ngudi Ca viec nghi hgc lln viec kit hdn sdm thi he thanh nien sdng le thugc vao cac gia trj
da khien cha me dng rIt thit vgng Hg chi vat chit Murakami cam thly lac long trong mudn Murakami cd cudc sdng In dinh nhu blu khdng khi ly Nam 1986, dng cimg vg bit cir mdt vien chiic Nhat Ban nao: tdt rdi Nhat sang sdng d Y Chinh tai nai day (cu
nghiep Dai hgc, lam viec cho nha nude hoac thi la Roma), kiet tac Rirng Nauy (Norwegian
cac cdng ty rdi mdi lap gia dinh Sd thich va Wood, 1987) ra ddi, trd thanh mdt hien tugng nhiing y tudng ciia Murakami khiln hg cam thi gidi Tilu thuyet ke ve ddi sdng cua thanh thay bat an Nhung day ciing chinh la thdi nien tri thirc Nhat Ban thap nien 60, 70 ciia gian vg chdng Murakami sdng nhu nhiing thi ki XX vdi nhieu bien ddng ve kinh te va y thanh nien tu lap va hien dai Hg vira la dng thiic he Ngay trong nam dau tien, tac pham
ba chii, vira la bdi ban, bd tri td chiic nhae va da ban dugc horn 1 trieu bd (2 tap), tiic 2 trieu nhae cdng, liic ranh rdi thi dgc sach va tiep ban Nhieu nganh giai tri cd san pham an theo
tuc hgc dai hgc Quan rugu nhae Jazz ay tdn Rirng Nauy, tir quang cao den phim anh, am
tai trong vdng bay nam va dd ciing la thdi nhae, tham chi hop dem Shinjuku xuat hien gian vg chdng Murakami tdt nghiep dai hgc trong tac pham ciing trd thanh mdt tu diem du Den nam 1978, dng mdi thue sir bat tay lich dat khach
vao cdng viec viet lach va tac pham dau tien, Sdng va ndi tieng d Chau Au nhung den
truyen ngan Nghe gid hat (Kazeno Uta o nam 1990, hai vg chdng dng quay trd lai
Kike, Hear the Wind sing, 1979) ngay lap tiic Nhat Ban de rdi mdt nam sau lai ra di Lan doat giai thudng Gunzo danh cho cac cay biit nay Murakami den Hoa Ki, lam giao su danh mdi Tiep tuc thanh cdng, vg chdng du d Dai hgc Princeton va Dai hgc
Murakami quyet djnh ban quan Jazz de dng Massachusetts Nam 1992, tieu thuyet Phia chuyen tam viet van Cd the ndi, ke tir thdi Nam bien giai, phia Tay mat trai (Kokkyo no
dilm dd, Murakami chinh thiic trd thanh nha minami, taiyo no nishi South of the Border, van chuyen nghiep theo nghTa diing nhat cua West of the Sun) ra ddi Day la tac pham tir nay Cdng viec duy nhat ciia dng la viet dugc coi la chiia dung nhieu nhat con ngudi van va day ciing la cdng viec dam bao cho gia that ciia Murakami, ke ve cugc sdng ciia dinh dng ve mat tai chinh chang trai "con mdt" Hajime Nhung tac Phong each Murakami dinh hinh rd net tir pham dugc coi la dinh cao trong nghe thuat
sau tac phIm thii ba, Cudc phieu lim theo cim tilu thuyet ciia Murakami lai thugc vl Bien hoang (Histujio Meguru Boken, A wild nien ki chim van day cdt (Nejimaki dori
Sheep chase, 1982) - ao giac, sieu hinh kuronikuru The Wind-up Bird Chronicle, nhumg rIt doi hien thue Day ciing la tac 1992-1995) vdi sir dan xen cac ylu to huyin
phIm doat giai Tdc gid md{i trong nam ao, hien thue
(Noma) Nam 1985, tieu thuyei Xir sa ki dieu Nam 1995, hai sir kien dau budn Idn ciia
vd tinh vd nai tan ciing the giai (Sekai no Nhat Ban da tac ddng true tiep den quyet
owari to hadoboirudo wandarando Hard- dinh quay trd ve que huang ciia Murakami la Boiled Wonderland and the i End of the tran dgng dlt d Kobe va vu tin dd Giao phai World) ra mIt cung gay dugc tieng vang Idn Chan ly Aum xa hoi ddc trong tau dien nglm
70 NGHIEN CflTU OdNG B^C fl sd 5(99) S7009
Trang 3a Tokyo Hai tap truyen mang dam dau an
cua nhirng sir kien nay la Sau can ddng ddt
(Jishinno Atode, After the Quake, 1995) va
Mach ngam (Andaguraundo, Underground,
1995) Den nam 1999, sir xuat bien ciia
Ngirdi tinh Sputnik (Suputoniku no koibito)
cung gay dugc tieng vang Idn khi lan dau
Murakami de cap den van de tinh yeu ddng
gidi Nam 2002, Murakami tiep tuc cho ra
mlt cudn tieu thuyet Kafka ben ba bien
(Umibe no Kafiika, Kafka on the Shore) va
ngay trong thang phat hanh dau tien (thang
9-2002) da ban dugc 6 van ban
Giai thudng gan day nhat cua Murakami la
mot giai qudc te rat uy tin, giai O''Conner,
danh cho tuyen tap truyen ngan dugc djch
sang tieng Anh, Cay lieu mu, Nguai ddn bd
ngii (Mekurayanagi to, nemuru onna Blind
Willow, Sleeping Woman, 2006) tap hgp 24
tmyen dng vilt rai rac tir nam 1981 den 2005
Nhirng tilu thuylt gin day nhlt cua
Murakami la Sau luc nira dem (Afuta Daku,
After Dark, 2004) va Tokyo tuyin truyen
huyin bi (Tokyo Kitanshu, Tokyo Mysterious
Story Collection, 2005)
v l mat tinh each, khdng nhumg la ngudi
hien dai, Murakami cdn la ngudi cd cugc
sing rIt lanh manh Ong lam viec va choi thi
thao dIu dan mdi ngay Di ngu sdm va day
sdm, trang phuc yeu thich la quan bd ao
phong Tinh each ly giup Murakami de dang
hoa nhap va thiu bilu dugc cudc sdng cua
gidi tre, ddi tugng phan anh va cung la dgc
gia chu ylu trong cac tac pham ciia dng
Mac dil bi coi la "mlt gdc" va khdng dugc
cac nha van cung nhu nha phe binh ddng
huang ung hd, nhung cd ye nhu Murakami
van la img cir vien Chau A noi bat cho giai
thudng Nobel danh gia trong nhirng nam tdi
Din gid, cd thi ndi Murakami la nha van duy
nhlt d Nhat Ban khdng thugc mdt doan hgi
nao ca Nhumg bit chip dilu dd, tac pham
cua ong ludn la best-seller so vdi bit ki mgt
van sT Nhat nao Ong la nha van tu do tu do nhu chinh loi viet cua dng vay
\ Tinh hinh xuat ban cac tac pham cua
Murakami d Viet Nam Khdng gidng nhu bat cir nai nao tren the gidi, viec xuat ban cac tac pham ciia Murakami n6i rieng va cac tac gia thugc hang best-seller khac noi chung d Viet Nam hau nhu khong dugc "cdng khai mgt each chinh thiic" vdi nhirng con so cu the Neu d Trung Qudc, ngudi ta thdng ke dugc chi
rieng Rirng Nauy, trong vong 15 nam xuat
ban, con sd phat banh da len tdi 2.800.000 cuin; d Nhat Ban, khi xuat ban lan dau nam
1987 la 4.000.000 cudn; va d Nhat cung nhu Han Qudc, "cii 7 ngudi thi co 1 ngudi dgc
Rirng Nauy", thi trong khi dd, d Viet Nam,
ngudi ham mg Murakami va Rirng Nauy
cung dong khdng kem nhung con so cong khai chi la 1000 ban cho lln xuat ban chinh thirc nam 2006 trong khi sach vln xuat hien tran lan tren thj trudng cung nhu trong
tu sach cua ngudi yeu van hgc
Tuy nhien, do la vln dl phat hanh, hay ndi chinh xac la "con sd xuat ban", con cai ggi la "thj trudng sach lau" thi nha nude khong tbi kiim soat dugc Mgt mat, thj trudng nay "lam nhieu" cac gia tri kinh te nhung mat khac, nd cung cho thly van boa dgc (dac biet la van hda giai tri) dang ngay cang Idn manh Va trong tinh hinh xuat ban nhu vay, Murakami la mgt hien tugng dac biet
Tinh tir nam 2006, thdi diem xuat ban
Rirng Nauy ciia Murakami (do Trinh Lu
dich) din nay, chua mdt tac gia nude ngoai nao vugt qua dng v l "sir xult hien ddn dap" .tren thj trudng - tir nhumg tac gia doat giai Nobel cho din nhung tac gia giai tri thuan
tuy Sau Rirng Nauy, cung trong nam la
su-ra mlt ciia Bien nien ki chim van day cdt do
TrIn Tiln Cao Dang dich Din nam 2007 la
sir ra mlt cua hai tilu thuylt Phia Nam bien
Trang 4giai, phia Tay mat trai do Cao Viet Dung
dich va Kafka ben ba biin do Duong Tudng
dich Nam 2008 la Sau luc nira dem (Huynh
Thanh Xuan dich) va Nguai tinh Sputnik do
Ngan Xuyen dich Rai rac tir 2006 din nay,
la sir ra ddi ciia khoang 5 tap truyen ngln,
chu yeu do Pham Vu Thinh dich, dugc xult
ban deu dan
Co the khang dinh, vl mat doanh thu,
Murakami phai la ngudi "ban dugc va ban
chay" thi cac nha xuat ban mdi dIu tu dich
va phat hanh Vdi ngudi dgc, tac phIm nao
cua dng xuat hien ciing nhan dugc tinh cam
ndng nhiet, dac biet la cua dgc gia tre Va
khdng the phu nhan, nhd cd Murakami,
khdng it nha van Nhat Ban tre khac ciing
dugc "an theo" Vay dau la li do khien
Murakami den dugc vdi dgc gia Viet Nam
cung nhu dgc gia toan the gidi trong bdi
canh thi trudng giai tri tran ngap cac the loai
dgc, nghe, nhin vd ciing hap dan?
2 Chuyen gia ke chuyen bac thay
2.1 Cdt truyen hap ddn
Trudc tien, cd the khang dinh, Murakami
la mgt chuyen gia ke chuyen bac thay, ndi
dung dap irng nhu cau giai tri va hinh thiic
dap irng yeu cau khat khe ciia cac nha phe
binh nghe thuat
Yeu td dau tien dua Murakami den gan
vdi ddc gia la mdt "cdt truyen hap dan" Tat
ca cac tac pham cua dng, ke ca truyen ngan
lln tilu thuyet deu la nhirng cau chuyen day
bit ngd, khong bao trudc va mang dam yeu
td trinh tham, sieu hinh nhung ciing rat cam
dgng va day tinh nhan van
Rirng Nauy la mdt cau chuyen nhu vay
Tac phIm md dau khi nhan vat chinh Torn
Watanabe, ciing la ngudi ke chuyen, 37 tudi,
dang ngdi tren may bay bat chgt nghe thay
ban hoa tlu khdng Idi ca khiic "Rimg Nauy"
cua ban nbac Beatles, toan bg ki ire thdi sinh
vien hien ve trong anh
Torn la mgt sinh vien binh thudng ciia
khoa san khiu Dai hgc Tokyo Anh chgn hgc khoa nay ma chlng vi li do hay quyet tam nao hit Khdng gidng hlu bet cac sinh vien duang thdi, anh quan tam tdi phuong Tay nhilu bom, dac biet la van hgc Hoa Ki Torn, Naoko va Kizuki la ba ngudi ban than tir thud nhd La mdt thilu ntr cd ve dep thanh thien, Naoko la ban gai cua Kizuki Hg hgc ciing Idp vdi nhau Kizuki va Naoko gan giii nhau mdt each dac biet cir nhu the hg cd chung mdt tam hdn, cdn Toru dudng nhu cung cam thay hanh phiic ban vdi dieu dd Tinh cam binh di nay bi cat dirt bdi vu tu sat bat ngd ciia Kizuki vao dung ngay sinh nhat lan thii
17 cua minh Cai chet cua Kizuki da tac ddng sau sac den hai ngudi ban cdn sdng Toru cam thay the lire ciia cai chet cd mat d khap mgi nai, trong khi Naoko cam nhan cii nhu the mdt phan co the hoan chinh nao dd cua cd
da bien mat vTnh vien Hai ngudi trd nen gan giii nhau bom, cd gang an iii ddng vien ngudi kia va cudi ciing thi hg yeu nhau Vao dem sinh nhat lan thii 20 ciia Naoko, nang cam thay yeu dudi thirc sir, va hg da lam tinh mdt each hoan bao Sau dd, Naoko de lai cho Toru mdt biic thu ndi rang cd can cd thdi gian mdt minh va cd nghi hgc d trudng dai hgc de tdi vien dieu dudng
Tuong lai tinh yeu ciia hg dat trong tuomg quan ddi nghjch vdi nhirng rac rdi chinh tri
d trudng dai hgc, Toru ciing cd ban than, cd
the coi la nhirng thai cure tieu bilu cua thanh nien Nhat Ban duomg thdi, tieu bilu la Nagasawa va Diic qudc xa
Toru ket ban vdi mdt cd ban hgc ciing lap san khau kich ten la Midori Kobayashi Dd la mgt cd gai hoan toan trai ngugc vdi Naoko, than mat, sdi ndi va vd ciing tu tin Mac dii yeu Naoko, Toru ciing thly Midori that hip dan Midori cung men anh, va tinh ban ciia hg ngay cang dugc vun dap trong khi Naoko vang mat
Toru den tham Naoko d vien dilu dudng
Trang 5trong mdt viing niii beo lanh gin Kyoto Q
dd anh gap Reiko Isbida, mgt benh nhan
khac va la ban than thilt cua Naoko Trong
suot chuyen tham nay va nhumg lln viing
tham sau dd, Reiko va Naoko k l v l qua khii
ciia hg nhieu horn: Reiko k l v l viec phat hien
ra minh la ngudi cd tinh due ddng gidi, con
Naoko ke ve vu tu sat bat ngd ciia ngudi chj
gai cua minh may nam trudc dd Vdi sir cd vii
ciia Reiko, anh di den quyet dinh cudi ciing
rang Midori la ngudi quan trgng nhlt trong
cuoc ddi cua anh Toru ggi cho Midori dl bay
to tinh yeu ciia minh Nhumg chuyen xay ra
sau nay khdng dugc biet - cau tra Idi cua
Midori lanh liing mgt each rIt dac trung (d
thdi diem dd), nhung trong thue tl cd khdng
cat dirt dirt khoat vdi Toru (gidng nhu trudc
do), de lai bao dieu bd ngd
Rung Nauy la chuyen tinh cua nhirng
nhiing ngudi tre tudi trong thap nien 70, thdi
ki Nhat Ban dang giau len nhanh chdng va
CO sir tiep nhan, anh hudng manh me tir Idi
song phuang Tay Tinh te va tram ling la
each ke ve cau chuyen tinh ban, tinh yeu dac
biet xiic ddng nay Tren nen nhiing ban nbac
kinh dien ndi tieng, nhirng quan bar hien dai,
thdi trang tre trung, hang rugu sanh dieu,
moi ngudi deu cd the the hien bet minh
nhung cung lai cd the chim dam het minh
vao suy tu ca nhan ve tuong lai, cugc sdng
hay chinh sinh menh ciia minh Nhiing
ngudi dung cam chap nhan duang dau vdi so
phan nhu Toru, Midori se sdng, nhung cai
chet cua Naoko cung nhu ngudi yeu thdi
nien thieu ciia cd cung khdng hoan toan vd
nghTa Chae chan ciing khdng vd nghTa nhu
sir bien mat cua Kumiko, vg Toru Okada
trong Bien nien ki chim van day cdt
Dudi hinh thiic bien nien ki, tac pham nay
dugc chia lam ba quyen Quyen mdt cd tua
de Chim ac la dn cap, quyen hai la Chim tien
tn va quyen ba ciia tieu thuyet mang ten Ke
bat chim Toru Okada, mdt nhan vien cdng ty
luat mdi that nghiep, dugc \ g Kumiko giao cho nhiem vu tim kiem con meo cd ten Ca Thu mdi bi mat tich cua minh Co \ e nhu Ca Thu khdng cd dIu hieu trd vl Kumiko liln thue mgt ba ddng chuyen di tim nhiing vat that lac den lam viec vdi Okada vl vu con meo Bat dau tir day hang loat nhumg biln cd xay din vdi cudc sdng ciia Okada Gia dinh Kumiko la mgt gia dinh cd truyin thing chinh tri nhung song kha ki la Cugc sdng cua Okada nam trong mdt md bin dgn dan xen giira ao va thirc Anh thudng xuyen mo thly nhumg dieu ki la, buyen hoac ve nhirng con ngudi rat thirc ton tai quanh minh Vg chdng Turo cung nhan dugc thu ciia trung iiy Mamiya, ban cu ciia dng Honda (ngudi quen ciia gia dinh Kumiko) ndi rang ong Honda da chet va co gdi lai mdt so ki vat cho vg chlng anh Cugc gap gd cua Okada \di vi trung liy gia da md ra ca mdt quang hdi ire dai ve cugc chien tai Man Chau khi ca dng Honda va Mamiya ciing tham chien
Khong dau hieu bao trudc, bat ngd Kumiko bien mat Okada tuyet vgng va tiep tuc CO nhiing quan he la liing ca trong ma lan ngoai ddi thue vdi Creta Kumiko, Kano Malta, Kano Creta, Kasahara May, ngudi dan
ba khdng ro danh tinh tren dien thoai tat ca nhiing ngudi phu ntr ay den ben cugc ddi Okada va luon mang theo nhumg van de bi hiem ciia minh Trong mien man buon, Okada da tim thay "vang ban nguyet vTnh ciiu" nhu Idi tien tri cua cd dong Malta, do chinh la cai gieng can gan nha Khong do du, anh tim dudng xuong gieng Trong bong tdi noi day gieng, anh hdi tudng lai qua kbit ciia minh vdi Kumiko, anh cung nam ma thay Noburo va Creta Sau hai ngay mac ket dudi gieng, Creta da den va tha thang day de Okada bd len Ve den nha, anh nhan dugc thu ciia Kumiko ke ve viec nang da quan he vdi mdt ngirdi dan dng khac va khuyen Okada hay quen nang di Sau dd anh nhan thay diem
Trang 6khac thudng tren mat minh: gin d m da bit nhung dam sdng va chiln dIu cho chinh ngd xuat hien mdt vet cham Okada ciing gap nghTa ciia ca hien tai lln tuomg lai de ciru nhieu giac mo khiing khilp, anh di din quylt ngudi vg ma minh yeu thuang, va "ca nhirng dinh khdng rdi di dau hit va phai tim blng ngudi khac nira" Hon het la cdn de "ren nen
dugc Kumiko, ciing la dk tim lai chinh minh dien mao ciia chinh minh", tim ra y nghTa
Con meo cua vg chdng anh bat ngd trd vl tdn tai ca nhan
Gid day, Okada lam viec cho ngudi phu nii la Dd mdi chi la hai trong sd cac tieu thuyet liing cd ten Akasaka Nhuc Dau KhIu va con tieu bilu ciia Murakami vdi loi kl het siic trai ba ta Akasaka Qui, thinh thoang, Okada hip din va loi cudn Cac tilu thuyet va van tiep tuc xudng gieng ngdi suy nghT truyen ngan khac ciia dng ciing dugc ke Okada ciing dot nhap dugc vao may tinh ciia blng each tuomg tu: quyen rii trong phong Qui va ndi chuyen vdi Kumiko qua he thing each va bit ngd trong tinh tiet Dd khdng nay Tir dd Okada ciing truy cap dugc vao phai la nhiing cau chuyen "happy end"
"Bien nien ki chim van day cdt" va bilt dugc truyin thing hay nhung truyen ke cd thi nhilu bi mat, cac vu tham sat trong chiln doan trudc Dd la nhung truyen mang dam tranh thdi ki Man Chau Tac phIm cd le la do phong each Murakami, rIt rieng nhung cung Qui vilt Tir dudi day gilng, Okada ciing lai la dai dien tieu bilu cho cac nha van hien
nhan thly minh da di xuyen qua tuomg, trong dai va hau hi?n dai
thi gidi khd ma phan dinh la that hay ao ly, 2.2 Yeu td tie nhien - /tdi hu&c
Okada - hay cd le la ban sao ciia anh da da Cd thi ndi, khdng d dau, ylu td tu nhien danh vd sg Noboru blng gay bdng chay nhu chinh cudc sdng lai biln hien rd net, tinh Ciing trong thi gidi ly, anh gap mdt ngudi tl va chan thirc nhu trong cac tac pham cua phu nir "cd le la Kumiko", anh quylt tam Murakami NIU ai da tirng trai qua ingt thai
khdng trdn chay dk dua Kumiko trd vl sinh vien sdi ddng nhiing thap ki cudi thi ki
Xuyen qua tudng trd lai day gilng, anh bdng XX hln phai ddng tinh vdi nhieu suy nghT,
bi cai gilng can dang nude len de chit Khi ldi_ sdng cua cae nhan vat trong Rirng Nauy
tinh day, anh bilt minh da dugc Qui ciiu Ndi cd don, quan he tinh due trong cac tac sdng Trong thi gidi thue, Noboru dang trong phIm cua dng cung tu nhien va tinh tl nhu tinh trang nguy kich do tai bieri nao Anh vay
nhan dugc thu cua Kumiko ndi ring nang se Nhilu ngudi da tirng ban khoan tu hdi, gilt anh trai blng each nit dng thd trong benh tinh due trong van chuang Murakami la "sex vien Nang da lam nhu thi va dang chd bi xii thuin tiiy hay nghe thuat dich thirc?" Chiing
an Cai gilng can nay cd nude trd lai va May tdi cho ring, d vln dl nhay cam nay cd ca sir
gg (jj xa "thuan tiiy" lan "dich thirc" dan cai trong Tilu thuylt gay In tugng bdi Idi kl chuyen yeu td tu nhien het siic con ngudi Tinh due hien dai, thue tai va ao giac dan cai Thdng nhu mdt nhu cau tat yeu ciia cugc sdng, nhu
di8p mkBien nien ki chim van day cdt mang cam an, ao m^c, nhu khdng khi chiing ta hit
lai cd le la con ngudi hay diing cam duomg thd hang ngay, va Murakami mieu ta nd vira
dIu dl khai thdng ddng chay dang bi ngung chan thue, vira het siic tinh tl khiln cho cam tre Bien nien ki chim van day cdt dugc coi nhan cua ngudi dgc khdng he bj vln due hay
la tac phIm Idn nhlt ciia Murakami - mdt lech lac Toru va Naoko lan dIu quan he vdi minh chirng nira cho thien tai sang tao ciia nhau trong dem Naoko sinh nhat lln thir 20 dng vl nhirng con ngudi rIt doi binh thudng la mgt "xen" dugc mieu ta cam ddng din
y^ NGHIEN CflTU OdNG B^C fl sd 5(99) 5-2009
Trang 7nao long Quan he tinh due cua hai ngudi,
ngoai tinh yeu, cdn cd ca ylu td tinh ban dly
cam thdng va tran trgng Murakami cung
cho rang minh thich vilt nhirng canh nhu
\a\' \i "tinh due la mdt phan quan trgng ciia
cupc sdng"!
Hai bude - hai bude mdt each tu nhien
nhu cugc song vdn cd ciing la ylu td khdng
the thieu trong cac cau chuyen cua
Murakami Ta cd the bat gap nhiing nhan vat
rat dac biet nhu Dire qudc xa (Rirng Nauy),
May {Bien nien ki chim van day cdt), Nakata
{Kafka ben ba bien), vdi each nhin ddi,
nhin ngudi hai bude nhung vd ciing tri tue
Ta cung cd the xam nhap vao thi gidi loai
meo, nghe chiing ndi chuyen, tan tinh va yeu
duang lan nhau ma khdng he cam thly
gugng ep hay phi li Va Idi quang cao khi
Kafka ben ba bien ra mat nghe cung that dgc
dao: "Day la cudn sach nen dgc, neu ban co
meo"!
Ngoai tieu thuyet, hai bude cung la mdt
yeu to khong the thieu trong cac truyen ngan
cua Murakami Ta cd the gap rat nhieu tinh
huong bat ngd, thii vi trong Tdi tap kich tiem
banh ml, Ddt nhd kho hay tham chi yeu to
nay con xuat hien ca trong quan he tinh yeu,
tinh due nhu Chuyen trong nhd hay doan anh
chang lai xe gap cd gai diem rat thich Hegel
trong Kafka ben ba bien Day cung la mdt
trong nhiing yeu td lam nen siic hap dan
trong truyen ke ciia Murakami Nd khien cau
chuyen khong roi vao sir khd cumg nang ne
hay cang thang khi cd qua nhieu tinh tiet va
sir kien vdi nhirng dien bien ddn dap
2.3 Chat trinh tham, dn du, bieu twang
Co the ndi, chat trinh tham, an du, bieu
tugng xuat hien trong hau khap cac tac pham
cua Murakami tir tieu thuyet tdi truyen ngan
Hinh anh mang tinh bieu tugng cao nhat
trong tac pham ciia dng chinh la cai gieng
can
Theo qui luat thdng thudng, gilng la noi chira nude, va nlu gilng khong co nude, khi
dd, ddng chay ngam da bi ngung tre noi mdt
each don gian la tdc mach Sir tic mach na\
khdng chi lien quan din cai gilng - sir \ at
ma la sir tac mach trong chinh cudc sing ciia nhan vat - nhiing con ngudi trong thi gidi hien dai ciia Murakami Mdt cai hd khd tren
canh ddng (Rimg Nauy) hay mgt cai gilng can nude {Kafka ben ba biin) luon la hinh
anh thach thiic khien con ngudi ta phai c l
gang vugt qua de khai thdng ddng chay cho
chinh minh Va qua bao dau thuong mlt mat, cuoi ciing, gieng da cd nude trd lai cho dil cac nhan vat ciia chiing ta suyt chit dull trong dd
Tuomg tu nhu vay phien da cira vdo cung
la mgt thach thirc ma bat cir mgt ngudi nao -cho dil v6 danh den dau cung phai tim ra va xoay chuyen dugc Dd chinh la khi hg tim thay gia tri cugc song ciia minh va ciia ngudi than
Meo cung dugc coi la mdt nhan vat quan
trgng trong cac tac pham cua Murakami Cudc sdng ciia Okada bat dau dao Ion khi con meo ciia vg chdng anh bien mat, va chang hieu tai sao vg anh lai coi trgng con meo den mire cd the lam tat ca de tim lai nd
va qua thue chi den khi nd trd ve, Okada mdi tim thay dugc hudng di diing dan cho ddi minh Hon the niira, nhiing con meo cua Nakata cdn biet ndi tieng ngudi va cd mgt cugc song vdi day du dien mao ciia no Phai chang, meo la con vat gan gui vdi con ngudi
va trong chiing ludn cd nhumg linh giac bi an
ma chiing ta vln chua kham pha ra dugc? Ciing khdng loai trir mdt nguyen nhan chii quan: Murakami rat thich meo, dng nuoi meo va timg dat ten quan bar cua minh theo ten chii meo cumg - Peter Cat
Ngoai viec xay dimg nhirng hinh anh bieu tugng gay In tugng, loi ke chuy?n ciia Murakami cung chju anh hudng kha diim net
Trang 8phong each trinh tham, sieu hinh ciia cac nha
van phuang Tay thi ki XX Kl vl mdt con
ech khdng Id ciiu Tokyo (Cau ich ciru
Tokyo) khdi tran ddng dlt hay phan xudng
che tac voi {Nguai lun nhay mua) bang mdt
gigng van "tung tung" nhu that, Murakami
khien ngudi ta nhd den dng triim hien thirc
buyen ao cua Chau MT Latin - Gabriel
Marquez Hai the gidi thirc va ao ludn dan
cai trong hau khap cac tac pham, nhirng tinh
tiet bat ngd, nhirng cugc san dudi day hdi
hop trong bdng tdi, nhung lai ciing rat ddi
thuan tuy nhan van: di tim anh sang chinh
nghTa ciia cugc ddi
Dd chinh la mgt Murakami hgi tu day du
anh sang ciia mgi thien tai nhung lai khdng
thugc ve mdt trudng phai rieng biet nao het
ca Chi bang mdt thir van xudi hien thue
thang bang, mdt minh dng leo len den dinh
ciia tam vdc van chuang the ki XXI
3 Murakami - nha van danh cho gidi
tre
YIU td cudc sdng va hudng thu cudc sdng
cung rIt dugc chu trgng trong tac pham ciia
Murakami Nhirng Naoko, Kikumi, Miss
Saeki hay ngudi tinh Sputnik deu an mac rat
thdi trang, di xe hang hieu, udng rugu ciia
cac hang ndi tilng trong nhirng quan bar
sang trgng Hg bilt kiim tiln va bilt hudng
thu thanh qua lao ddng ciia minh mdt each
tinh tl Cudc sdng ciia hg la mo udc cua rIt
nhilu ngudi tre tudi, vi vay khdng cd gi khd
bilu khi dgc Murakami, ngudi ta mudn dugc
yeu, dugc sdng va lam viec bet minh (nhu
phIn ndi) ciia cac nhan vat trong tac phlm
Thugng luu nhung ciing bet siic dai
chiing, dd mdi la mdt Murakami mang tam
thi gidi Qua tac phlm ciia dng, ban dgc tre
tudi cd thi tim thly chinh minh vdi nhieu sd
thich va dam me mdi la trong thi gidi hieri
dai Cac ban nhae vdi cac ca sT noi tilng thi
gidi xult hien trong hlu khap cac tac pham
vdi vai trd phdi canh, lam nln Nhung khdng
chi cd pop, rock, jazz sir xuat hien ciia cac ban nhae kinh diln cudi thi ki XIX vdi each thudng thiic tinh te ciing da thuyet phuc dugc nhirng ddc gia khd tinh nhat
Tit ca nhiing dieu dd da lam nen mdt Murakami vdi siic but mang tinh chat toan
d u hoa Net bien dai, sir hai bude, kheu ggi
va thii vi trong van phong va tinh tiet khien cho tac phlm ciia dng cd the den - va trd thanh bien tugng - vdi ban dgc thugc bat cir nln van hoa nao Tirng dugc danh gia la
"Tay bom ca Tay", Murakami - trong tham sau tam hdn, trong tirng trang van - van thim dim net A Ddng bdi sir nhuan nhi, tinh
vi noi tirng trang vilt, noi tam li con ngudi dugc cam thong chia xe bang mdt thir tinh cam cam ddng den nao Idng Khdng chi d Viet Nam, ma d tat ca cac dja danh noi tac phlm cua dng da di qua, Murakami deu cd thi trd thanh nhirng con dia chan lam rung ddng tam hdn biet bao the he ddc gia
TAI LIEU THAM KHAO
1 Shuichi Kato, A history of Japanese Literature, 3 vols, Kodansha International,
Tokyo, New York, London 1990
2 Donald Keene, Dawn to the West, Henry
Holt and Co., New York 1984
3 Tuyen tap cac tac pham cua Murakami Haruki bang tieng Viet va tieng Anh