Dd chfnh la thanh qua cua dudng ldi tien hdnh chien tranh nhan dan dung dan, sang tao va qua trinh phat dpng, td chftc todn dan khang chien, ea nudc ddnh giac, vdi tinh than yeu nudc[r]
Trang 1NH&NG V A N D I CHUNG V6 UCH SLf DANG
KHOI DflV Vfl PHliT HUV Sl/C M P CUfl
CHU NGHIfl m NirdC TRONG KHflNG CHICN CHONG THITC D^N PHflP
r ^^ ^ *
ThS LA QUY DO
Ngay 19-12-1946, cupc khang chien
chdng thue dan Phap tren todn
quoc bung nd sau nhftng no lire cuu van
hod binh cua Hd Chf Minh vd Chfnh phu
Viet Nam Dan chu Cpng hda khong thanh
cdng, bdi da tam eua thuc dan Phap muon
eudp nudc ta mpt lan nfta
Ldi keu gpi todn qudc khdng chien cua
Chft tieh Hd Chf Minh vang len cung la
menh lenh chien dau, lire lupng tu ve Ha
Npi da no sung md dau cupc khang chien
todn qL.?'^
Cupc khang chien bung nd trong dieu
kien bet sftc khd khdn do tuong quan luc
lupng qud chenh lech bat Ipi cho ta Thue
dan Phdp chiem uu the tuyet ddi ve quan su
vdi gan chuc van quan tinh nhue, thien
chien, nha nghe vdi trang bi vu khf hien
dai Hau thuan cho Phap cdn ed nhung
Ddng minh nhu My, Anh , mac du chung
cd mau thudn vdi nhau ve quyen Ipi, nhung
lai thong nhat vdi nhau ve muu do dap tit
phong trdo cdch mang d eae thupc dia
Ngupc lai, nude Viet Nam Dan ehu Cpng
hpa npn tre dang bi cd lap, bao vay tft phfa
NCS Dai hoc Qudc gia Ha Npi
chua mpt nude nao cdng nhan va ddt quan
he ngoai giao; nhftng khd khan chong chat
ve kinh te, van had, xa hpi do hau qua cua che dp thuc dan de lai chua khde phuc dupc bao nhieu Luc lupng vu trang cua ta nhd
be, trang bi thieu thon, thieu kinh nghiem
chien dau, Hd Chf Minh gpi la "qudn dpi
du tho", long dung cam cd thfta, nhung
thieu trang bi vd kinh nghiem Ci tuong
quan lue lupng "chau chau dd vol" nhu
vay, lam the nao de toan Dang, todn dan va toan quan cd quyet tam dam danh Phap va quyet thang Phap? Dang ta vd Chu tich Ho Chi Minh da Idioi day cao dp tinh than yeu nudc, tinh than dan tpc trong mdi ngudi Viet Nam, tao nen sftc manh eua todn dan toe de chien thang ke thu
Trong Ldi keu gpi todn qudc khdng
chien, Hd Chf Minh da Idiang dinh y chi
quyet thang cua todn dan tpc: "Chung ta tha hy sinh tat ca, chu nhat dinh khong ehiu mat nudc, nhat dinh khdng ehiu lam
nd le! Hai ddng bao! Chung ta phdi dung len! Bat ky dan dng, dan bd, bat ky ngudi gia, ngudi tre, khdng chia tdn giao, dang phdi, dan tpc Hi la ngudi Viet Nam thi
phai dung len danh thuc dan Phdp dk ciiu
To qudc"' Ldi keu gpi todn qudc khdng
Trang 2NH&NG VAN Di CHUNG Vi UCH SLF DANG
chien cua Chu tieh H6 Chf Minh la tieng
gpi cua non sdng dit nudc, la ldi hich cun
qudc, tiip ndi lich su hao hung may nghin
nam dung nudc vd gift nudc eua dng cha
ta, hieu trieu todn thi qudc dan ddng bao
hang hai tham gia idiang chien De khai
day truy in thing lich sft dan tpc: "Ddn ta
phdi biet sir ta, cho tudng gdc tich nudc
nhd Viet Nam", Ngudi da diim lai nhirng
trang sft ve vang hao hung: "Lich sft ta da
cd nhieu cupc khang chien vT dai chiing td
tinh thin yeu nudc cua dan ta Chung ta ed
quyin tu bao vi nhung trang lich sft ve
vang cua thdi dai Ba Trung, Ba Trieu,
Trin Hung Dao, Le Lpi, Quang Trung
v.v Chung ta phai ghi nhd cdng lao
cua cac vi anh hung dan tpc, vi edc vi ay
la tieu bieu eua mpt dan toe anh hung"^
H6 Chf Minh da sdm nhan thuc dupe
chu nghla dan tpc chan chfnh la ngudn
dpng lire ldn cua cac dan tpc thupc dia,
chinh chu nghla dan toe la dpng luc thuc
day phong trao yeu nude phat trien, la
lan sdng manh me to ldn dap bang mpi
nguy hiem khd khdn, nhan chim mpi be
lu ban nude vd eudp nudc Ngudi chu
trupng phdt huy cao dp sftc manh cua
chu nghTa dan tpc chan ehinh, do Id mpt
chfnh sdeh dftng dan vd hien thuc tuyet
vdi, sir nghiep giai phdng thupc dia chi
ed the duoc thue bien bang su Id luc tu
giai phdng Tong kit lich sft miy nghin
ndm dung nudc vd gift nudc cua dng cha
ta, Hd Chi Minh khing dinh: "Dan ta cd
mpt long ndng nan yeu nudc Dd Id mpt
truyin thing quy bdu eua ta Tft xua din
nay, mdi khi T P quoc bi xam lang, thi tinh than ay lai sdi ndi, nd ket thanh mpt lan sdng vd cung manh me, to ldn, nd ludt qua mpi sir nguy hiem, khd khdn,
nd nhan chim tat ea lu ban nude va lu eudp nudc"^
Van de khai day truyen thong yeu nudc, niem tu hao, tu tdn dan tpc, lam cho tinh than ay tham sau vdo phong trdo quan chung, vao eae tang ldp nhan dan, bien thanh hanh dpng each mang da dupc
Hd Chf Minh dac biet chu trpng ngay tft dau va trong sudt cupc khang chien Trdi qua chin nam Idiang chien gian khd, nem mat nim gai, mua dim cam vit , edc phong trao quan chung dupe khpi day, hdng van hinh mau chien dau dung cam,
xd than vi nude, nhiing chien sy dung cam dung than cftu phao, lay than minh bit Id chau mai, lay than minh lam gia sung, lam xuc dpng tam can mpi ngudi dan yeu nudc Tft cac cu gia tdc bae den cac chau nhi dong, tft nhung kieu bdo d nude ngoai den nhung dong bao d vung tam bi chiem, nhan dan mien ngupc den nhan dan mien xuoi, ai ai cung mpt long yeu nude Tft nhung chien sy ngodi mat tran, nim mat nam gai, ehiu ddi nhieu ngay van anh dung chien dau tieu diet giac, din nhung can bp d dia phupng nhupng com xe do ung hp bp dpi, tft nhftng phu nft khuyen chdng con di tdng quan, cdn minh thi xung phong giup viee van tai, cho den cac ba me chien sy san sdc yeu thuang bp dpi nhu con de cua minh Nhung eft chi cao quy do, tuy
Trang 3NHU'NG VAN O i CHUNG Mt UCH SLF O A N G
khac nhau noi viee lanl, nhung deu gipng
nhau npi nong nan yeu nudc
Ho Chf Minh cho rang tinh than yeu
nudc cung nhu cac thft cua quy khi
dupc trung bay trpng tu kfnh, trpng
binh pha le, rd rang de thay, nhung
cung ed khi cit giau kfn dao trong
ruang, trong hdm Phai ldm the nao de
nhung eua quy bdu, kfn dao ay dupc
dua ra trung bay Nghia la phai ra sue
giai thich, tuyen truyen, to chftc, lanh
dao lam cho tinh than yeu nudc cua tat
ca mpi ngudi deu dupe thuc hdnh vdo
cdng viec yeu nude, cong viec khang
chien, kien qudc Trong thu keu gpi thi
dua ai quoc, Ngudi dpng vien mdi
ngudi dan Viet Nam bat ky gid, tre,
trai, gai; bat ky giau, ngheo, ldn, nhd
deu phai trd thdnh mpt chien sy tren
cac mat tran quan sir, chfnh tri, kinh te,
van boa, tu tudng, thue bien khau hieu
toan dan khdng chien, todn dien khang
chien, vfta khang chien, vfta kien qudc:
"Cac cu phu lao thi dua ddc thuc con
ehdu hdng hdi tham gia mpi cdng viec,
Cde ehdu nhi ddng thi dua hpc hdnh vd
giup viec ngudi ldn,
Ddng bdo phu hdo thi dua md mang
doanh nghiep,
Ddng bdo cdng ndng thi dua sdn xudt,
Ddng bdo tri thiic vd chuyen mdn thi
dua sdng tdc vd phdt minh,
Nhdn vien Chinh phu thi dua tdn tuy
ldm viec, phung su nhdn ddn,
Bd dpi vd ddn qudn thi dua giet cho
nhieu giac, doat cho nhieu sung"
Tinh than yeu nude khi dupc tham nhap vdo quin chung da biin thdnh Hgudn sue manh vat chit to ldn Trong chin nam khdng chiin, luc lupng eua ta ngay cang ldn manh Thanh nien hang hai tdng quan cftu nudc lam cho luc lupng vu trang trudng thanh vupt bdc Tft 8 van bp dp thdi ky diu tang len gin
24 van nam 1950 va tren 44 van nam
1954 Ngoai ra, ddng dao cac ting ldp nhan dan tfch cue tham gia dan cdng hda tuyen, phuc vu chien dau, tft nam 1950 den ndm 1954, tren dia ban Lien khu V trd ra, da ed 44,8 trieu ngay dan cdng phuc vu eae chien dich ldn nhu Bien gidi, Hda Binh, Tay Bic, Thupng Lao, rieng chien dich Dien Bien Phft, dan cdng hda tuyen cd tdi 26 van ngudi vdi tren 11 trieu ngdy cdng, van chuyen hdng chuc tan vu khi dan dupc, 27.000 tan gao, ban 1.800 tan thit tu vung tu do Thanh - Nghe TTnh ra mat tran vdi du cac phuang tien tft gdng ganh, xe dap thd, thuyen be Rieng ddng bdo cde dan tpc p Tay bae da ddng gdp dupe tren 7 nghin tan gao, 389 tan thit vd 31.818 dan cong vdi 1.296,075 ngdy edng^ Cd hau phuang da doe bet sftc ngudi sftc cua cho tien tuyen, thi dua vdi tien phuong, tat ca
de chien thang
Chu nghla anh hftng each mang, ehu nghia yeu nude trang thdi dai Hd Chf Minh da dpng vien todn dan tpc trieu ngudi nhu mpt, ldm nen nhftng chien cdng biin hach trong cupc dp sue lich sft vdi mpt di qudc biiu chiin hftng manh la
Trang 4NHLFNG V A N D i CHUNG V i LICH SLF D A N G
thuc dan Phap Chiin thing Dien Bien
Phu la dinh cao eua cupc khdng chien
trudng ky Hiep dinh Gioneva dupc ky
kit, thuc dan Phap vd cac t h i luc d i qudc
bude phai cam ket ton trpng dpe lap, chu
quyen, toan ven lanh thd eua Viet Nam
Dd cung la that bai cay dang doi vdi thuc
dan Phdp, la tieng chuong bdo tu cho he
thdng thupc dia kieu cu, cd vu manh me
phong trao giai phdng dan tpc tren toan
the gidi Thang lpi cua cupc khang chien
chong thue dan Phap chinh la thang lpi
eua chu nghia yeu nude, y ehi tu lire tu
eudng, kien eudng bat khuat; cua tinh
than doan ket thong nhat, yeu ehupng boa
binh, eua truyen thong lich sft dan tpc da
dupc khoi day vd phdt huy cao dp, Id
thang lpi cua tu tudng Hd Chf Minh trong
thuc tien each mang Viet Nam
Cd the ndi, trong lich sft chien tranh
chong ngoai xam cua dan tpc Viet Nam,
cupc khdng chien chdng thuc dan Phap,
can thiep My Id mpt trong nhftng thanh
cdng dien hinh ve van dung sftc manh
tdng hpp eua chien tranh nhan dan ea ve
tfnh chat, hinh thftc, ve quy md vd sue
manh phi thudng cua nd Cd Thu tudng
Pham Van Dong da ddnh gia: "Cd le
hiem cd d ddu, chien tranh nhdn ddn
trong thuc te lai dung vdi ten gpi cua nd
nhu vdy, thuc su sdu rpng trong nhdn
ddn vd thuc su vd dich trong nhdn ddn"^
Vd cung khdng phai ngau nhien md ngay
khi Dien Bien Phu thit thu, I.F.Kennodi
da phai thfta nhan: "su giup do quan sir
cua My d Ddng Duong du din dau cung
khong the chinh phuc dupc mpt ke thu vfta p khap noi, vua khdng thay d dau ca, mpt ke thu la con de cua nhan dan, dupe nhan dan ddng tinh ehe giau vd giup dd"^ Dd chfnh la thanh qua cua dudng ldi tien hdnh chien tranh nhan dan dung dan, sang tao va qua trinh phat dpng, td chftc todn dan khang chien, ea nudc ddnh giac, vdi tinh than yeu nudc sau sac eua Dang vd Chu tich Hd Chf Minh, dua cupc khdng chien lau dai den toan thang Chu nghTa dan tpc, gid tri tinh than yeu nude truyen thong la ngudn dpng luc to ldn eua dat nudc, la d i i m tua b i n vung cho Viet Nam tao nen nhung chien cdng hien bach, tiep tuc dupe phat huy trpng dieu kien lich su mdi
1 Hd Chi Minh Todn tap, CTQG, H,
2001, T.4, tr.480 2,3.5'^£/,T.6,tr 171-172, 171
4 Sdd, T.5, tr 445
5 Le Mau Han (chu bien): Dgi cuong lich
sic Viet Nam, T.3, NXB Gido due, H, 1998,
tr.l20
6 Pham Van Dong: Hd Chi Minh - mdt
con ngudi, mdt ddn tdc, mdt thdi dgi, ST, H,
1990,tr.32
7 Maicon Mdclia: Viet Nam mot cuoc
chien tranh mudi nghin ngdy, ST, H, 1995,
tr.l2