Ong da neu r i t nhieu ly do de viet bai tya cho cudn sach ciia Sa Hoang, nhang trong dd chung tdi tam d i e vdi cau ket bai tQa: Ong cho rang S Q Hoang la ngadi cung chung chf ha[r]
Trang 1KHI€U N A N G TINH - NGlfdl VICT dtw Tim sncH
"KHfiM DiNH VICT SIT CU'ONG MUC TRP Vl'U"
NGUYfiN H t r u TAM*
1 Vai n e t v e Bo Khdm dinh Viet sd
cuang muc tap yeu
Tac pham Khdm dinh Viet sd ciicfng muc
tap yeu t J ; ^ S £ < f l S l i g ciia Nguyin Sa
Hoang hoan t h a n h nam 1906 Nha vay,
sach dadc hgc gia hg Nguyin bien soan vao
ngay nhQng nam dau ciia the ky XX, tQc la
sau khi bd Khdm dinh Viet sd thdng gidm
Cuong muc (1) & S iffi i 31 « « do Qud'c
sii quan trieu Nguyen bien soan dadi si,l chi
dao trac tiep, kham duyet l i n cud'i cua
dadng kim hoang de - vua Ta DQc, xua't
ban vQa trdn 22 nam (1884) Vi do sach cua
Nguyen Sa Hoang cung mdt sd' trade tac
cua cac hgc gia khac dadng thdi n h a Viet sd
thdng gidm khdo lUOc j62 i S ffi # i | ciia
Nguyen Thdng, Viet sd dia dii S S i t t k H cua
Phan Dinh Phung, Viet sd ciicfng muc tiei
yeu ® i <H @ SP S cua Dang Xuan Bang
deu daa vao bd CiiOng muc nham giai thich
rd them tQng linh vac, cho nen chiing tdi
xin dadc xe'p vao nhQng tac pham thudc he
phai cua bo CiiOng muc
Sach cua Nguyen Sa Hoang dadc cac hgc
gia ddi sau quan tam va da cd gidi thieu sd
lagc ve tac ph^m nay Mdt sd tac gia hi$n dai trong cac cdng trinh ve t h a muc Han Ndm nha: hgc gia Tran Van Giap khi gidi
thieu ve sach nay da viet: Viet sd cUctng
muc tap yeu ® ^ Ifl i IS M quyen,
Nguyen Sa Hoang soan, sach ch6p tay, gia'y ban thadng (26x15), 350 td, td 2 trang, trang 8 ddng, ddng 20 chQ, da thao, nhang khdng dep Theo n h a ten ggi, day la cudn
sach tdm lade lai bg CiiOng muc, cd khao
cQu them cac sach khac, ddi chd cd phe binh, tdng luan, n i t ggn cho ngadi doc de xem, d i nhd Trong p h a n Pham le sach, tac
gia trich 41 dieu trong 49 dieu sach CiiOng muc, bd sung them vao 13 dieu dQng trong sach Tap yeu (2) Hgc gia ho T r i n cho biet
sach khdng de ten tac gia, nhong cd bai ti,ia ciia Khieu Nang Tinh de nam Thanh Thai thQ 18 (1906), sau dd cd ddng chQ Ha Ddng,
Tay Md Nghiem thi tii phung sao M M ^
$S K K ^ * i^ (nghia la: day la (ban do)
Ho Nghiem d Tay Md Ha Ddng kinh cin
sao lai) Sau dd trong tac p h i m Di sdn Hdn Nom: Thii muc de yeu (3), cac soan gia chi daa ten sach la Viet sd ciicfng muc tap yeu jffl i£ « g « 5 Bg Viet Nam Hdn Ndm
• TS ViSn Sir hoc
Trang 2Vhiiu Rang Tinh - Rgucri viet bai hra 29 vdn hien muc luc de yeu (4) dQdc hdp tac
xua't ban tai Vien Nghien cQu Trung adng
Dai Loan xua't ban nam 2002, ciing ghi ten
sach la Viet sd tap yeu M $ M W, hokn
tokn khdng cd hai chQ Khdm dinh tX S dQng
diu ; r r
Chiing tdi da trac tie'p de'n doc tai Vi^n
Nghien cQu Han Ndm, theo t h a muc hi$n
cd 3 ban sach gdm cac ky hieu sau:
A.2809/1-8, VHv.162/1-11, VHv.1579/1-9
Trong dd ban sach ky hieu VHv 1579/1-9
khdng cd bai t a a ciia Khieu Nang Tinh Bai
taa cua hai ban sach k^ higu A.2809/1-8 va
VHv.162/1-11, deu cd ghi rd d ddng dau
tien la Khdm dinh Viet sd ciicfng muc tap
ye'u tu- tJ: S iffi i W S « M i? Trong ngi
dung bai taa cua Khieu Nang TTnh cdn cho
biet ro "nhan de cudn sach la Khdm dinh
Viet sd cUOng muc tap yeu tlC S M ^ iW @
W 3?" (5) Nha vay, chung ta cd du cd sd tin
cay de xac djnh ten ggi va nen hoan tra lai
danh xang chinh thQc tac p h i m cua
Nguyin Sa Hoang la Khdm dinh Viet sd
ciiOng muc tap yeu tlum U ^ m S KW
2 Bai tiia c u a K h i e u N a n g T i n h
t r o n g s a c h Khdm dinh Viet sd cuang
muc tap ye'u c u a N g u y e n Si^ H o a n g
2.1 Sd Ixidc ve K h i e u N a n g T i n h
Cac tac gia ch6p ve tieu sii, hanh trang
cua Khieu Nang Tinh tQ trade den nay deu
chi neu dng sinh nam At Mui 1835 khdng
ro nam mit Theo nhQng phat hi?n g i n
day, cd hai gia thiet daa ra ve nam m i t ciia
dng, theo sach Dia chi Nam Dinh ghi rd
dng sinh nam 1835 tQ t r i n nam 1920 (6)
Cdn tac gia Nguyen Duy Vadng trong bai
gidi thieu ngdi dinh cd Sung Van tai xa My
Thuan, huy^n My Lge, tinh Nam Djnh lai
cung cip thdng tin sau: "Dinh cd Sung Van
tQng thu hut nhieu danh nhan van hda
Tien si Khieu Nang Tinh (1833-1915)
nhieu l i n tham dinh va tie'n cung cau doi thd nay v i n dagc lau giQ trang trgng" (7) Nha vay theo Duy Vadng, Khieu Nang Tinh sinh nam 1833 m i t nam 1915 hadng
thg 83 tudi T i m bia Tien sl Tham tri Khieu tien sinh chi thgch i i ± # ^ Ilt( 5fe
^ IS 5 dadc dang tai khu lang mg Khieu Nang Tinh vao nam Duy Tan thQ 5 (1915) ngay sau khi Ong tQ t r i n , xac djnh chinh xac Khieu Nang "Hnh sinh ngay 19 thang 7 nam Quy Ty, nien higu Minh Menh thQ 14 (1833), tQ t r i n ngay 6 thang 4 nien hieu Duy Tan 9 (1915) tai nha rieng (8)
Khieu Nang Tinh la danh si ddi TQ DQC (1848 - 1883), ngadi lang TnJc My (Chan My), xa Yen Thing, tdng TQ Vinh, huy^n Dai An (Yen), phii Nghia Hung (9) nay la thdn TrvJc My, xa Yen Cadng, huy^n Y Yen, tinh Nam Djnh
Khoa thi Hadng nien hieu Ta DQc thQ
31, nam Mau D i n (1878), dng tham dy tradng thi Nam Djnh do Thj lang Bg Binh
Ha Van Quan lam Chanh Chii khao, Bi^n
ly Bg Hinh Ladng Huy Y (theo m$nh vua ddi la Ladng Ta ThQ) lam Phd Chu khao, la'y do 24 ngadi Theo danh sach cdng bd do Cii nhan (10), Khieu Nang Tinh dQng thQ 5
ky thi nay Nam dd, dng vQa 44 tudi (11)
N h a vay, cd the nhan t h i y dng d i n than con dadng cii tii kha mugn, khi da bade sang dg tudi 40 "nhi b i t hoac" (khdng cd dieu gi nghi ngd nQa) Hai nam sau, dng vao Hue tham gia ky thi Hdi vao thang 3 nien hieu Ta DQc thQ 33, nam Canh Thin (1880), trong ky thi Hdi, Khieu Nang 'Hnh dQng d i u (Hdi nguyen) TrQdng thi thQ 2 ciia ky thi Hgi vua Ta DQc ra de bai r i t thac te lien quan cap nhat de'n vi^c tien hanh thvlc hi^n phdp quan dien tai Bic Ky, thi sinh phai viet dadi dang Bieu va theo the thQc viet cua Han Du - mgt trong "Bat dai gia ndi tieng" ciia ddi Dadng - Tdng
Trang 330 R g h i ^ cuu Ljch sit s6 2.2010
Rat nhieu thi sinh lung tung va bat ngd
trade de thi hdc bua nay va p h i n nhieu
khdng lam trgn ven dadc bai Bieu tren
Thang 4 cung nam đ (1880), Khieu Nang
Tinh dQdc tham gia ky thi Dinh, dng dadc
đ De tam giap Ddng Tién si xuát than,
danh tinh tieu sii dadc khac vao t i m bia da
Hoang trieu Ta DQc tam thap tam nien
Canh Thin khoa Tien si de danh fi IB P ^
^i^^^mmnm±ân hỉn v&n
cdn dagc tran trgng lau giQ tai Van Mieu
Hue n h a sau: Khieu Ndng Tinh, Cd nhdn,
nien canh At Miii, tii thdp luc tue, Nam
Dinh tinh, Nghia HUng phd, Dgi An huyen,
Td Vinh tong, Chdn My :cd Dl} f l IS * A ¥
^ SỈ iiSi H I I tt nghia la: Khieu Nang
Tinh, nguyen đ CQ nhan, sinh nam At
Mui, 46 tudi, ngadi xa Chan My, tdng Tii
Vinh, huyen Dai An (Yen), phu Nghia
Hang, tinh Nam Djnh (12) Day la mdt
vinh da ldn gianh cho Khieu Nang Tinh
cung gia dinh va que hadng dng, vi n h a
tren da neu, ky thi Hdi nam đ, vua Ta DQc
ra d i u bai r i t khd, cac quan khi chim thi
phai xin chgn l\Ia tQng doan van de cho
diem, vi the chi chgn dagc 6 ngadi hang
Trung each (trong đ cd Khieu Nang Tinh)
va 7 ngadi hang Phd bang Neu theo le
thdng thadng thi chi cd hang Tning each
mdi dadc thi Dinh, n h a n g Ta DQc cho rang
n h a vay sd Tién si dagc chgn chic c h i n r i t
it, nen vj vua ky tinh, c i n than trong hgc
thuat nay da chap thulln ca 13 ngiidi dagc
thi Dinh, rdt cugc cung chi li^a dagc 5 ngadi
dii diem đ Trong đ, cd 1 ngadi dii diem
De nhj giap Tién si x u i t than (Hoang giap)
la Nguyen Dinh Dadng ngadi phu Qud'c
Oai, tinh Sdn Tay (nay thudc Ha Ndi) va
trong sd 4 ngadi đ D^ tam giap Ddng Tién
si x u i t than, Khieu Nang Tinh dQng thQ 2
(13)
Sau khi thi do, con dadng hoan lp cua Khieu Nang Tinh kha h a n h thdng, hien dat Ong da nhieu nam giQ chQc Ddc hoc Nam Djnh (14), Ha Ngi (15) dao tao, li,Ia chgn ra nhieu ngadi tai gitip rap quoc giạ
v a o thap nien 90 cua the ky XIX, dng dẳc trieu Nguyin trong dung t h a n g cii giii chQc Qudc tii giam Te tiiụ Khoa thi Canh T^ nien hi$u Thanh Thai thQ 12 (1890), dng lam quan Chanh Chii khao trQdng thi Hadng Ngh$ An, Tham ta Ngi cac Mai Khic Ddn lam Phd Chu khaọ Kj^ thi nay tai Nghe An, dng cung cac cdng sa lay do 30 Cii nhan Cd mgt dieu thu vi, trong bai thi
ve phan Phu do Khieu Nang Tinh vdi chQc
vu Chanh Chu khao ky thi ra de "Bai thach
vi huynh" (Lay da lam anh) da dQqfc Phan Bpi Chau lam bai vagt trgi, ndi tiéng thdi
b i y gid Ong cung cac quan chám thi da láy Phan Bgi Chau (ngadi xa Dan Nhiem, huyen Nam Dan, tinh Ngh$ An) do Giai nguyen (dQng d i u ky thi HQdng) va li^a
chgn Doan Td Quang (ngQdi xa Phyng
Cdng, huyen HQdng Sdn, tinh Ha Tinh) khi
đ da 82 tudi do Cii n h a n (16) Day la tradng hpp duy n h i t trong ljch sii khoa cii Vi$t Nam l i y do khi Thi sinh da cl dg tudi ngoai 80 Khi ve gia, Khieu Nang Tinh cd
md tradng hgc tai que nha, dao tao dadc nhieu hgc trd x u i t sac Hgc gia đi sau khi danh gia ve dng, deu gianh nhQng ldi kinh trgng khen ngpi ve dao cao dQc trgng ciia mgt ngadi Thay giao, ve kién thQc sau rgng cung t i m ldng yeu nadc va qu^ men nhan tai cua dng
2.2 Bai tiia t r o n g s a c h Kham dinh Viet sd cuang muc tap yeu
Trong p h i n tren khi t n n h bay ve van
ban cua Khdm dinh Viet sd ciiOng muc tap yeu, chung tdi da cho biet trong kho sach
cua Vien Nghien cQu Han Ndm hi^n cdn 1^1
3 ban ch6p tay chQ Han tac p h i m nay (17)
Trang 4Khjgu Rang TTnh - Rgu£rt vi^t bai hia 31
S t t
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
T d ,
d d n g
l a
Toan
bai
l a , Tieu
dg
l a , 4
l a , 6
l a , 7
la,7(A)
l a , 8(V)
l a , 8
l a , 8
l b , 1
lb, 3(A)
l b , 4(V)
l b , 4(A)
l b , 5(V)
l b , 5(A)
l b , 6(V)
l b , 5(A)
6(A)
lb, 6(V)
7(V)
lb, 6(A)
l b , 7 ( V )
lb, 6(A)
2a, 2(V)
2a, 3(V)
2a, 3(A)
2a, 5(V)
2a, 2(A)
2a,4(V)
2a,7(V)
B a n A.2809 ( v i e t t a t la b a n A) C6 da'u b i u due cua E F E O Vi§n Vien Dong bac co), ciing
ac da'u kiem ke ghi cac n a m 967, 1974, 1986, 1991 Chti viet chan, da thao, de doc, k h o n g cha'm cau (cii
d a u ) , l dong t r u n g binh 24-26 chii
K h a m dinh Viet sii cUdng muc t a p ye'u t u it: S iffl i <PI
T h e m chii "di t u h a n g " U ^ ^ t r
"bi^n l u a n " Wfid
"sd dac ta'u" ^ ^ S
"dl Ha N a m triicfng hdp t h f
"thuyen" M
"gia" #
"thf sinh gia" I J 4 #
"sach va'n" MJ°\
"BaL6"fift
"mien hi" ft^
Khong ro chfll gi
"Su Hoang" Sf J t
"cdp Vi$t Nam" SjffiBg
"Bac sii H a n chi chi khuyet Binh chi da"
db4ai*;^W:S*tfe
"Nam Dinh Tn^c My n h a n
Khie'u N a n g T i n h c^n ti,I" M
"Tli C a n h Thin khoa"
B a n V H v 162 ( v i e t t a t l a b a n V) C6 da'u vuong de ' T h u vi$n khoa hoc t r u n g Udng"
Chii viet c h a n phUdng, de dpc, c6 cha'm cau (cii dau),
1 dong t r u n g binh 24-26 chQ
K h a m dinh Viet sii cildng muc t a p yg'u t u fti; S jffi Khong CO
' l u a n bien" Sft^
"scl ta'u" SffS
"di Ha N a m hdp t h f
"hue" m
Khong CO
"thi sinh" S i
"sach lUdc" W.li
"Ba Tang" ffiW
"mien phu" ft^
"dieu" S>
"Su Hoang q u a n " &m^
"cap U Vi?t N a m " S , M l i S 9 khong c6
"Chi" i
"Hoang" S
"Van van nien chi"
N a m D i n h TrUc My n h a n
<liieu N a n g "Rnh tU" M S
S H A 04 SI » ; ? •
"Sic Til C a n h T h i n khoa"
Ha Dong Tay Mo Nghiem
hi ttt p h y n g sao" )R1 JU ffi
C h u t h i c h
TUdng t u
Giong n h a u
B a n V ch6p Ipn chii "bien luan"
va thie'u chii
"dac" W Ban V thie'u chii
"trUcJng" *
Ban V thie'u chii
"gia" ^ Ban V n h i m
"va'n" ra t h a n h
•lUdc" IS Ban V n h i m "Lo"
ft t h a n h 'Tang"
Ban V n h i m "hV
^ t h a n h "phu"
Ban V them chii
"quan" 5 Ban V them chO
"U"t^
3an V thieu 9 chO
n a y db i 31 ^ ;;^ Ban V them chii
"Chi" g Ban V them chii
"Hoang" S va
"Van van nien
chi" nm^i
Ban V thie'u chii
"cin" 01
Ban V them chfl
"Sic" 1*
Ban A khong c6 9
chfl nay M M f^
Trang 532 Rghito ciJru Lich siSr sg 2.2010
Trong dd, chi cd hai ban sach hien cdn
bai t a a cua Khieu Nang Tinh, chiing tdi da
tie'n h a n h dd'i chie'u kha c i n than va dQa ra
y kie'n ca n h a n nhQ sau:
2.2.1 Hien trgng vdn bdn bdi tiia cua
Khieu Ndng Tinh
Chung tdi xin dadc gidi thieu tinh trang
van ban ciia bai t a a trong hai ban sach
tren De tien cho dge gia theo ddi, chung tdi
lap mgt ban so sanh nhiing x u i t nhap giQa
hai bai taa, tQ dd cd the rut ra ket luan cy,
the (xem bdng so sdnh tren)
Thdng qua bang ddi chieu ty my giQa
hai van ban bai t a a cua Khieu Nang Tinh,
chung ta cd the d l dang nhan t h i y , ban
A.2809 la ban gd'c cua tac gia, ma ban
VHv 162 la ban sao lai do ngadi hg Nghiem
d lang Tay Mo, TQ Liem, Ha Ddng (nay
thudc Ha Ndi) thac hien (hgc gia T r i n Van
Giap da doc ban nay de daa ra nhQng nhan
x6t dadc ch6p trong Tim hieu Kho sdch
Hdn Ndm) D i u trign cua Vifn Vien Ddng
bac cd cung dau cua cac nam kiem ke trong
ban A.2809 cang chQng td ban sach nay
dapc IQU nhap trong kho sach cua qudc gia
tQ kha sdm, cdn ban sach VHv 162 dapc sao
ch6p, sau t i m mugn hdn nhieu Hdn nQa
trong sd' 21 dieu x u i t nhap, n h i m l i n giQa
hai van bang trong bang thdng ke tren, cd
nhieu dieu van ban V rd rang da ch6p
thie'u, chep thQa va sai lac vdi van ban gdc
Mdt vai thi du chung tdi daa ra dadi day da
minh chQng cho n h a n djnh nay: n h a ddng 7
td l a ban A chep "di Ha Nam tradng hdp
t h f ma ban V lai chep thie'u chQ "tradng"
Chung ta deu biet, sau khi thQc dan Phap
dat dapc ach thudc dja len nQdc ta vao cuoi
the ky XIX thi chung da lap tQc thay ddi
mgt sd chinh sach dd'i vdi khoa cii giao due
truyen thd'ng Vift Nam Sa bdp ngh^t ve
van hda giao dye cua thyc dan Phap the
hien ro b4ng nhQng h a n h dgng rat cu the,
vi vay mdi co viec hpp n h i t trQdng thi Ha Ngi vdi Nam Djnh Nha thd Tu Xadng
trong bai thd Vinh khoa thi HiiOng da cd
cau thd ndi len tinh canh nay: 'Tradng Nam thi l l n vdi tradng Ha" (18) Vi vay
"Ha Nam tradng hpp t h f do Khieu Nang Tinh viet p h a n anh thQc te khoa cii dadng thdi, ma ban sao V da thie'u chQ "tradng"
da lam m i t di tinh ljch sii cua nd Hoac ban
V chdp l i m tQ "sach vi'n" sang "sach lapc"
da khien cho cau chQ sai lac vdi nguyen ngQ ban d i u "Sach van" hoac cdn gpi la "Sach
t h f cung cd khi gpi la "Ddi sach" la chi mdt
de thi trong ky thi Tam trQdng, thadng dQpc gpi la Van sach Trong de thi Van sach chia lam hai loai: mpt la thadng d i n Kinh dien
Nho gia n h a Td thii, NgU Kinh hoSc Sii,
ciing cd cd khi cap n h a t thdi sy de daa ra cau hdi; hai la: hdi tiing vi$c ngin Ndi chung thi sinh khi tra ldi phai dien giai ky cang, tadng tan, daa y kie'n chii quan ddi vdi tQng cau hdi Cdn "Sach lapc" la chi mdt phadng lapc thadng dapc diing trong quan
sy, la nhQng hinh thQc td chQc va d i u tranh
de gianh t h i n g lpi trong mpt cupc van dpng chinh trj (ndi tdng quat) (19)
Ban V chdp n h i m tQ Ba Lo sang Ba Tang se lam cho ngQdi dpc bai tya lung tung, nghi ngd trinh dp cua Khieu Nang TTnh, vi day la mpt kie'n thQc svt hpc sd
d i n g Trong cac sach sii moi khi n h l c de'n cym tQ "Tjch Dam vong td, Ba Ld tQdng lac" (tQc la Tjch Dam quen m i t Tien td, Ba
Lo se phai suy tan", ngQdi dpc deu hieu ngay dieu nay am chi con chau cac danh gia vpng tpc da lang quen truyen thdng nghe nghiep, hpc v i n sau rgng ciia To tien
hg, ta't se cd ngay suy vong Hoac ban V thie'u h i n mpt cau "Bic sii Han chf chi khuyet Binh chf da" lam cho bai tya ciia Khieu Nang Tinh thie'u di mpt khoi tri thQc sii hpc truyen thdng Trung Hoa dd sp Vi cau nay cho biet, Khieu Nang Tinh da dpc
Trang 6Khieu Rang Tinh - Rgudri viit bai h/a 33
nhieu va t h i m sau vao bp nhd uyen bac ciia
dng Trong tiing tha sQ hgc Trung Quoc, bg
Hdn thii do Ban Cdbien soan thie'u h i n mgt
phin Binh chi viet ve linh vyc quan sy, qudc
phdng Cdn cd nhQng khiem khuye't khac
trong bai tya ciia ban V ma chung tdi chQa
the diem het Chi cd the daa ra mdt nhan
djnh nhd: Bai tQa cua ban V da sao chdp
khdng that diy du, can than khien nd da
mit di mgt p h i n nguyen tac Nhitng du sao
nd ciing da cung c i p them mgt dj ban, giup
chiing ta thuan tign cho cdng tac tie'n hanh
giam djnh van ban Va cung phai ghi nhan
mgt au diem ciia ban nay la ngadi sao chdp
da thyc hien vi^c chim n g i t cau (cii dau),
khien cho ngadi doc se d l dang n i m bat
dapc ngi dung, ma khdng the n h i m nha
kieu dge ngit doan hi^n dai "rin la loai bd,
sat khdng chan" dapc
Chiing tdi xin liy bai tya cua van ban
A.2809 de phien djch va nghien cQu, qua dd
cd the hieu them p h i n nao ve tai nang,
kie'n thQc sau rdng ciia Qud'c tii giam Te
tiiu, Ta tham tri Bp Le Khieu Nang Tinh
2.2.2 Dich nghia Bdi tiia cua Khieu
Ndng Tinh:
Bai tya bp sach Khdm dinh Viet sd
ciicfng muc tap yeu
Cd Tie'n si hp Ngd hi$u Dadng Dinh (20),
ngadi lang Nam Chan sau ddi lam Nam
Trye, t r i n Sdn Nara ha xQa, nay la tinh
Nam Djnh bien soan tac p h i m Khdi dong
thuye't Udc, ty ndi r i n g : Ta vd'n gdc la ngadi
Nam cin phai biet rd vigc (nadc) Nam
6ng Nguyen Sa Hoang vi tan Hieu Liem
(21), ngadi lang Binh Vgng, t r i n Sdn Nam
thapng xaa, nay la tinh Ha Ddng dpc dapc
nhQng hang chQ (sach KTidi dong thuyet
Udc) Ong Sa Hoang khi chaa dapc de bat,
tQng tru quan t^i Bic Ninh, day cho bgn
tre khdng ngdi nghi Lai cd the dya vao ban
chfnh cua sach Khdm dinh Viet sd cUOng
muc (22), lapc bien chpn liy nhQng dieu dai
cQdng, myc ldn lam gdc de sao chdp, ddng thdi cdn dya vao cac sach cu cila sii nadc Nam, va t i t ca nhQng luan giai trong sQ nadc Nam cving cac ban T i u nghj, Bieu van dang len vua, dQpc chdp trong Nam sii (23),
nhan de cudn sach la Khdm dinh Viet sd ciiOng muc tap yeu Mua thu nam Binh Ngo
(24), vi tradng Nam thi gdp vdi tradng Ha tai Nam Djnh, SQ Hoang cd dem theo sach
Viet sd ciicfng muc tie't ye'u bao cho tdi Khi
dd, S Q Hoang mdi vao Tam tradng chaa kinh qua ky thi Phuc thf, cho nen dan;^ la Thi sinh Tu tai cua TQ tradng Trong phin thi Sach v i n tradng thi, tjnh khdng cd mdt
de ndi de'n sQ Vigt Than di! Sa Hoang lam sao gidng n h a ngadi xaa cd lpi the cua vi$c hpc tap L l ky dapc! Nhang xdt t h i y Sa Hoang la ngadi nadc Nam lai mudn tadng tan vigc nadc Nam n h a vay, cd the ggi la ngadi cd chf ddi vdi ngudn gdc vay
Trong bai tya Khdm dinh Viet sd cUOng muc cua hoang de cd viet cau 'Tjch Dam
quen m i t Tien td, Ba Ld se phai suy tan", diy chfnh la bgnh chung cua cac hpc gia hign tai Tdi biet phai miln trQ rieng Sa Hoang ra
Ngay nay thien ha dang sdng d the gidi nay, vi the deu se vi the gidi nay NhQng ngadi cd chf giii gam vao trong nhQng trQ thuat xdt ra cung khdng ft, nhQng dai khai
de cap de'n sii nadc Nam thi ciing xa vdi lim
Sa Hoang lai la ngadi cd chf ddi vdi vigc lam tie't yen cho bg sii nadc Nam, tuy bg sach dd (cua Sa Hoang) chaa dapc diy du
va cdn thie'u p h i n Nhdn vdt chi cua Vigt Nam cung gidng n h a trong Hdn thU thie'u
p h i n Binh chi vky Sau nay, Sa Hoang
n h i t djnh se bd sung them Trieu dinh da ban nghj phdp thi daa sii Vigt tQc la qudc
sii Khi sach Tie't yeu hokn thanh, dQdng
nhien se cd ngadi yeu men ma sao chdp lai
Sa Hoang cung la nhQng ngQdi cd cung chung chf hadng nen tdi viet bai tya nay
Trang 734 Rghi&i cmi Lich sit s6 2.2010
Sau Lap ddng 1 ngay, nien hieu Thanh
Thai thQ 18(1906)
Khieu Nang Tinh ngadi Trye My, Nam
Djnh dapc an ban Dp tam giap Ddng Tien
Sl x u i t than khoa thi Canh Thin (1880), Te
tiiu Qud'c tli giam, Ta Tham tri Bd Le da
h a u tri, Kfnh can de taa
3 Cam n h a n khi doc Bdi tUa ciia
Khieu Nang Tinh
Thdng qua viec djch va dpc ndi dung ciia
bai tya do Kliieu Nang Tinh c h i p but,
chung tdi cd mdt cam nhan sau sic: Khieu
Nang I l n h la mdt vj quan rat quan tam tdi
ljch sii dan tdc va chu trgng cat n h i c
nhQng ngadi cd chf hadng bien soan tac
p h i m sQ hgc nadc nha Ddng thdi, dng ciing
la ngadi T h i y giao quan tam viec truyen ba
ljch sii truyen thd'ng cho cac ldp hgc trd Vdi
cadng vj la mdt dai quan cd ham trat Nhj
pham, tQng giQ nhieu chQc vu trgng ye'u
cua trieu dinh n h a Te tQu Qud'c tQ giam,
Ta Tham tri Bd Ll, nhieu nam dam nhiem
Dd'c hgc Nam Djnh, Ha Ngi, dng da hadng
cho cac mdn dd ciia minh di sau nghien
cQu, bien soan sach sQ Bai tQa da neu rd,
mac du Nguyen Sa Hoang mdi chi la mgt
Thf sinh tQ tradng n h a Khieu Nang Tinh
gidi thigu, n h a n g quan Chanh chii khao hg
Khieu vdi "con m i t xanh" khi dge dapc
cud'n sQ gian ye'u do Nguyin Sa Hoang bien
soan da cd vu, khuyen khfch ngadi hgc trd
nay theo con dadng viet sQ
Ong chi ra mdt each ky cang nhQng a u
nhapc va tin tadng nhQng khiem khuye't
trong tac pham do, sau nay nha't dinh se dapc bd sung d i y du Ong khen ngpi Nguyin Sa Hoang da gianh tam tri nghien cQu ve sii hpc nQdc Nam, ma dadng thdi cdn dapc it ngadi chu trgng Nhang dng
cung lai cam thay hdi tiec, vi Vy uhi nam
dd, khdng cd mgt de bai nao ra ve Hch sii, cho nen, Nguyin Sa Koang da khdng dd ky thi TQ tradng khoa thi dd Ong tin tadng, trieu dinh da n h a n tha'y c i n phai daa mdn qud'c sii vao de thi Nha nadc, chic r i n g
tadng lai cudn sach Tap ye'u ciia Nguyen Sa
Hoang se dapc mpi ngadi yeu men sao chep, truyen tung
Hien tai, chung ta cdn lau giQ dapc ban gdc cung 2 ban sao ve cudii sach ciia Nguyin Sa Hoang, i t h i n cung se cd cac ban sao khac nQa ma chung ta chaa tim tha'y hoac da t h i t lac do nhieu nguyen nhan khac nhau N h a n g chi vdi 2 ban sao nay thdi, cung du de chQng minh niem tin ciia Khieu Nang Tinh ve sy quan tam de'n viec phat trien sa hpc dan tdc cua nadc ta trong nhQng nam d i u the ky XX la kha chfnh xac Ong da neu r i t nhieu ly do de viet bai tya cho cudn sach ciia Sa Hoang, nhang trong dd chung tdi tam d i e vdi cau ket bai tQa: Ong cho rang S Q Hoang la ngadi cung chung chf hadng vdi minh, tQc
la deu cd y thQc ddi vdi truyen thdng hch stf dan tdc, deu nhd ve cpi ngudn ma khdng quen Td tien de'n ndi phai suy vong nhQ
t i m gadng cua Tjch Dam va Ba Ld cua Trung Qudc thdi xaa
CHU THICH
(1) Til day trd di chiing toi xin dUdc viet tit bp
sach Khdm dinh Viet sH thdng gidm Cuang muc
thanh Cuang muc de ngUdi dpc tien theo doi,
(2), Trin Van Giap Tim hieu kho sdch Hdn Ndm
-ngudn tu lieu vdn hgc, sU hgc Viet Nam, tap I, Thu
vien quoc gia xufit ban Ha Npi, 1970, tr 152
(3) Di sdn Hdn Ndm: Thti muc di yeu, Vi^n
Nghien cilu Han Nom- Vien Vien dong Bac co Ha Npi, 1993,
(4) J f f l m a t l S i « i »m.W (Vlet Nam Hdn
N6m vdn hie'n muc luc di ye'u), Chii bien Luu Xuan
Ngan, Vudng Tieu Thuin, Trin Nghia Vign Nghien
Trang 8Khjgu Rang Tinh - Rgudri viit bai hia 35
cCtu Trung Udng Dai Loan, 2002, tr 346
(5) Xin xem them ban dich Bdi tUa do chiing
toi thi^c hi^n d phin sau bai vi^t
(6) Dia chi Nam Dinh, Nxb Chinh tri Quoc
gia Ha Npi, 2003, tr 741
(7) Nguyin Duy VUiJng Dinh cd Siing Vdn,
tren website Bao Nhdn ddn, ngky 16-01-2008
(8) DUdng Vfin Vupng - Trinh Vi6t Anh Gidi
thieu tdm bia diing tgi md Tien sl Khieu Ndng
Tinh Bai in trong Ky y§'u Hpi thao khoa hpc "Te
tiiu Qudc TH Gidm Khieu Ndng Tinh, con ngudi vd
sU nghiep" Ha Npi, 2009, tr 141 - 145
(9) Pham Diic Thanh Dung, Vinh Cao (Chii
bien) Khoa cd vd cdc nhd khoa bdng triiu Nguyin,
Trung tam Bao ton di tfch C^ do Hu^ Nxb Thuftn
H6a, HuC 2000, tr 340
(10) Tnidc trigu Minh M?nh (1820-1840),
nhiing ngudi do thi Hudng gpi la Hudng cong, de'n
Khoa thi Mau Ty nfim Minh M^nh thii 9 (1828),
doi HUdng cong gpi la Cii nhan Khoa thi Canh
Tuit, nfim Tu Diic thCr 3 (1850), lai dinh ph6p thi
Hudng, thi Hpi diu 4 k^ Thi Hiidng tning Tam
truclng gpi la Tli tai, tning Tii trUcfng gpi la Cii
nhan
(11) Cao Xuan Due Qudc triiu hUang khoa luc,
Nxb Thanh pho Ho Chi Minh, 1993, tr 450
(12), (13) Pham Diic Thanh Diing, Vinh Cao
Khoa cU vd cdc nhd khoa bdng triiu Nguyen, Sdd,
tr 334-341
(14) Nguyin Q Thing - Nguyen Ba Thi Tii
dien nhdn vdt lich sCt Vi^t Nam, Nxb Khoa hpc xa
h(ii, 1991, tr 306
(15) Dia chi Nam Dinh Sdd, tr 705 Nguyin
Duy Vupng, Dinh cd SUng Vdn, Sdd, website Bao
Nhdn ddn, ngky 16-01-2008
(16) Cao Xuan Due Qudc triiu huang khoa luc,
Sdd, tr.560-563 Cac tac gia sach Dia chi Nam
Dinh, da vi§t nhim Khife'u Nfing Tinh lara Chanh
chu khao khoa thi 1906, Sdd, tr 705
(17), Nhfin day xin cam dn TS Nguyin Hilu
Mill, TrUcIng phong bao quan Vipn Nghien cOtu
Han Nom da cung ca'p nhiing tu li§u quy dl chiing toi c6 t h i thiic hi$n bai vi6t nay
(18) Nha thd Tli XUdng ten that la Trin Te XUdng (1870-1907), tii Mac Trai, hi?u Mpng Tich,
Tli Thinh Bai thd Vinh khoa thi Huang cua Ong
viet vl khoa thi HUdng nam Dinh Dau 1897 dUpc
to chtic tai Nam Dinh nhU sau:
Nhd nUdc ba nam md mdt khoa, TrUdng Nam thi ldn vdi trUdng Hd Ldi thdi si tU vai deo Ig,
Am oe quan trUdng mieng thit loa Long cdm rap trdi, quan Sii de'n, Vdy le quet ddt, mu ddm ra
Nhdn tdi ddt Bdc ndo ai dd ? Ngodnh cdmd trdng cdnh nUdc nhd I
(19) Vien Ngon ngfl hpc Tii dien tie'ng Viet,
Nxb.Da Ning, 2000, tr.843 Nguyen NhU y (Chu
bien), Dgi tU dien tie'ng Viet, Nxb.Vfin hoa thong
tm, Ha Npi, 1999, tr 1424
(20) Ten hieu cua Tie'n si Ngo Giap Dau (21) Tan Hieu Liem: chi Nguyin Su Hoang mdi
dupc do Cii nhan Bit diu tit deli Han (Trung Quoc),
trong khoa cii c6 muc Hieu Liem, trong d6 Hilu: chi ngudi c6 hilu vdi cha m?, Liem: chi ngUdi lam hpc trd hem khilt Sau nay gpi Hilu Liem la dl chi
ngudi do Cii nhan, Tii nguyen, Hdp dinh ban,
ThUdng vu i n thu quan, Bic Kinh, 1992, tr 784
(22) Chi bp Khdm dinh Viet sii thdng gidm cUang
muc do Quoc sii quan trilu Nguyin bien soan
(23) 6 day Khieu Nang Tinh muon viet din
vipc Nguyen Su Hoang da diia vao bai Ta'u nghi cua nhom sii t h i n trong Quoc sii quan trilu Nguyen dang len Vua Tii Diic ngay 10 thang 6 nien hieu Tii Diic 9 (tiic ngay 11-7-1856) trinh bay
t h i le chung ie bien soan bp Cuang muc vk Bai
Tien bieu cua ThUdng thU Pham Than Duat, Toan
tu Vu Nhii dang len vua Kiln Phiic vao 21 thang 7 nien hipu Kiln Phiic thii nhit (tiic ngay 10-9-1884) bao cao viec hoan thanh va chuin bi xua't
ban bp Cuang muc
(24) Chi nam 1906, nien hieu Thanh Thai thii 12