Qud tiinh ket hgp, tao dieu kien thudn lgi trong thyc Men khai thac tiem ndng ddt dai, rung, bien, ddo cua ddt nudc va lyc lugng lao dgng cdn nhan roi, sdn xudt nMeu hang boa cd gid [r]
Trang 1KET HOP XAY DUNG KINH TE NONG NGHIEP
• • • VOI AN NINH - QUOC PHONG 0 MIEN BAC (1961 - 1975)
ThS NGUYEN MANH HUNG
KM ban ve vai trd cfla kinh tl nong
ngMep doi vdi quoc phdng,
V.l.Lenin da viet: "Muon tien hanh cMen
franh mgt each thyc sy, phdi cd mgt hdu
phuang dugc td ehflc vftng chdc Mgt quan
dgi gidi nhdt, nhiing ngudi trung thdnh nhdt
vdi sy nghiep each mang, cflng deu se lap tflc
bj tieu diet neu hg khong dugc vu trang tiep te
luong thuc"' Van dung sang tao quan diem
cfla chfl ngMa Mac - Lenin, kinh ngMem
frong ljch su dyng nudc vd giu nudc cfla ddn
tgc, frong hai cugc khdng chien chdng Phdp
va chong My, Ddng ta va Chfl tich Hd Chf
Minh da ludn quan tdm phdt trien kinh tl nong
ngMep, xdy dung dja bdn ndng thdn Chfl tich
Hd Chf Minh da tflng khang djnh: "Nong
nghiep tdt, cong ngMep tot, tM xay dung tdt
chfl ngMa xa hgi d mien Bac, lam co sd vung
manh cho sy nghiep dau tranh thyc hien boa
binh thong nhat nudc nha"^, va phat tiiln
ndng nghiep la viec cue ky quan frgng
Trong nhflng nam ddu kl tfl khi miln Bde
dugc hodn toan giai phong, tu dac dilm co
ban, bao trflm cfla nen kinh te miln Bde budc
vao thdi ky qua do len CNXH do la nin sdn
xuat nhd, phdn tan, nong nghiep, thfl cdng
nghiep la chu ylu, Dai hgi ldn thfl III
(9-1960) cfla Dang nhdn manh, phat triln kinh
Hge vien Chinh tri - Bd Qudc phdng
te phai ket hgp vdi tang cudng cflng cd qudc phdng, ddng thdi khdng djnh: "Ddi vdi mien Bde nudc ta, san xuat nong nghiep gift mgt vai frd rdt quan trgng trong nen kinh te qudc ddn"^, phat trien kinh te nong nghiep cd vai frd rdt quan trgng doi vdi cflng cd, tdng cudng sflc manh quoc phdng, an ninh cua miln Bde Nghj quylt HNTU 5, khda III
(7-1961), nhan manh ndng nghiip chiim mdt vi
tri rdt trgng yiu trong nin kinh ti qudc ddn,
tac dgng mgi mat den tdng cudng, cflng cd quoc phdng, an ninh De phdt huy vai trd cua ndng nghiep, Trung uong Ddng keu ggi toan the xa vien, ndng dan lao dgng, cong nhdn cdc nong trudng quoc doanh "vi sy nghiep xdy dyng chfl nghTa xa hgi vd thdng nhdt Td quoc"'*, doan ket thi dua ddy manh san xudt, thuc hdnh tiet kiem, dua ndng thdn, nong nghiep tien nhanh, tien manh, tien vflng chdc len CNXH De day manh san xudt, xdy dyng hgp tac xa ndng nghiep virng manh, thang 4
-1962, Ban Bi thu ra Chi thj sd 42-CT/TW, cu the hda vai trd cfla nong nghiep, nong thdn doi vdi tang cudng, cflng co sflc manh qudc phdng, an ninh Chi thj neu rd, cflng vdi ddy manh phdt trien nong nghiep todn dien, lam
CO sd vflng chdc cho viec tiep tuc cflng cd dan quan, xdy dyng lyc lugng dy bj, tang cudng cdng tdc chudn bj sdn sang chiln ddu, gifl gin frdt frr tri an, bdo ve sdn xudt, ddng
Trang 2TRAO 061
thdi chudn bj sdn sdng bd sung cho qudn ddi
thudng tryc khi cdn thilt Dilu nay chflng td
vai tid ngdy cdng tang cfla kinh te ndng
nghiep ddi vdi tdng cudng, cflng cd qudc
phdng, an ninh Ket hgp chat che sdn xudt
ndng nghiep vdi sdn sdng cMen ddu bdo ve
mien Bac, vdi khau Meu tay cdy, tay sflng,
quyet tam ddnh thang giac My xdm lugc De
thyc Men nhiem vu do, cdc hgp tac xa ndng
ngMep can cfl vdo ke hoach sdn xudt, bdo dam
ddi sdng cfla xa vien va danh mgt ty le tMch
ddng cho cdng tdc qudn sy, quoc phdng
Trong dieu kien cd nudc cd chien franh,
mien Bae vua phdi gifl viing sdn xudt, vfla
phdi tich cue cMen dau bdo ve va ddy manh
ehi vien cho chien trudng, nhdt Id khi chien
franh lan rgng ra mien Bde, Nghj quyet
HNTU II cfla Dang (3-1965) nhdn manh:
"Trudc tinh hinh mdi, vdn de phdt trien manh
me ndng ngMep cang cd y nghTa dac biet
quan frgng ddi vdi viec xdy dyng hau
phuong, tdng cudng tiem lyc kinh te vd quoc
phdng"^ NgM quyet da khdng djnh frong bdt
cfl tinh hudng ndo, ciing phdi khdc phye khd
khan, ddy manh sdn xuat nong nghiep
Sau thdng lgi frong chong cMen franh pha
hoai bdng khdng qudn, hdi qudn ldn thu nhat
cua dl qudc My (1965-1968), Ddng chfl
truong dua ndng ngMep mien Bde nhanh
chdng chuyen sang giai doan khoi phuc vd phdt
trien sdn xuat, gift vai frd quyet djnh tdng
cudng sue manh qudc phdng, an ninh d mien
Bde Nghj quylt HNTU 19 (3-1971) cfla Dang
cM rd: frong tinh hinh nudc ta, phdt trien sdn
xudt nong ngMep chang nhftng de bao dam ddi
sdng nhan ddn, lam co sd cho cdng ngMep phdt
trien, ma cdn nhdm thyc Men hdu cdn tai chd,
phye vu qudc phdng mgt cdch vung chdc Hiep
djnh Pari dugc ky kit (1-1973), mien Bac da
cd hda binh, nhung d mien Nam cMen franh cdn tilp tuc De cflng co sflc manh hdu phuong miln Bde, tiep tuc cM vien sflc ngudi, sflc cfla cho cMen trudng mien Nam, Nghj quyet HNTU 12 (1-1974) cfla Dang nhdn manh: frong dieu kien hda binh, mien Bde phdi ra sflc khdi phuc, phat trien kinh te, frgng tdm la khdi phuc, phdt trien kinh te nong ngMep, ket hgp chat che kinh te vdi quoc phdng
Phat trien sdn xuat nong nghiep, lam co sd
de cflng CO, tang cudng sue manh quoc phdng,
an ninh d mien Bac, Dang chfl truong phdt trien kinh te ndng ngMep dya fren co sd cflng
CO, phdt trien hgp tac xa ndng ngMep, nong trudng qudc doanh Phdt trien kinh te ndng ngMep vdi phuong chdm: todn dien, manh me
vd vflng chdc, fren cdc ITnh vyc nhu: phat trien sdn xudt ndng ngMep toan dien, frong frgt, chdn nudi, che bien nong, lam, thfly sdn Trgng tam cbinb la ddy manh san xuat luong thyc, thyc pham, phdt trien cdy cdng ngMep, dua chan nudi len thanh nganh san xuat chfnh, chfl frgng phdt trien kinh te gia dinh, ddy manh tham canh, tdng vy Tdng cudng xdy dyng ca sd vat chdt - ky thudt frong ndng ngMep nhu: cflng co, phat trien thfly lgi, md rgng dien tich tudi, tieu; phdt trien cac fram mdy keo; tich cyc cdi tien ndng cu; ddy manh each mang khoa hgc ky thudt; ddy manh khai hoang, phuc boa, phat tiien nMeu khu kinh te mdi; tung budc dua ndng ngMep mien Bde len sdn xudt ldn xa hgi chfl ngMa gdn vdi xay dung nong thdn mdi
Tu nam 1961 den nam 1975, nong ngMep mien Bde cMu sy tdc dgng cfla nMlu ylu td bdt lgi nhu: Ifl lut, ban hdn, ddc biet kinh tl ndng ngMep cMu sy tdn phd nang ne do bom dan
My gay ra: 12 tM xa, 51 tM fran bj hfly diet
Trang 3hoan todn; 4.000/5.788 xa bj ddnh phd, frong
do cd 30 xa bj hfly diet; 1.600 cdng trinh thfly
lgi, 1.000 doan de, 56 ndng trudng bj pha hoai;
binh qudn mdi km^ dit cfla rmin Bde phai cMu
7 tdn bom dan; mdi ngudi dan phdi cMu binh
qudn 50 kg bom dan My^ Nhung dudi su lanh
dao dflng ddn eua Ddng, ndng dan tap the miln
Bde khde phue mgi khd khan, gian khd, hy
sinh, vua sdn xudt, vua cMin ddu, giu viing sari
xudt frong mgi dilu kien Thdi ky nay, kinh 1;e
ndng ngMep miln Bde phdt triln tuong ddi
toan dien, bdo ddm dn djnh ddi sdng cfla nhdn
dan, cung cdp luong thyc, thuc phdm cho quan
dgi frong mgi hoan canh; xay dyng ndng thdn
mdi, gdp phdn tang cuong tiem lyc kinh te,
tilm lyc quoc phdng, tao dieu kien cflng co,
phat frien lyc lugng vfl frang ca ve so lugng vd
chdt lugng Lyc lugng ddn qudn ty ve phat
trien manh me fren khap cac dja phuong cd
nudc va dugc to chuc, hudn luyen vd qudn ly
chat che, san sang bao ve Ddng, bao ve chfnh
quyen a ca sd, la lyc lugng di ddu frong san
xuat, dong thdi la nguon bo sung quan frgng
cho quan dgi Neu nhu nam 1960, lyc lugng
dan quan ty ve d mien Bac co 1 trieu 20 van,
din nam 1968 tang len 2 trieu 20 van, cMem ty
le 12% so vdi ddn so mien Bac^ CM tfnh rieng
ndng thdn mien Bac trong 10 nam 1965-1975,
da dgng vien hon 2 trieu thanh men nhdp ngu^;
cac lyc lugng dy bi cMin lugc dugc tdng
cudng, cdc qudn doan chu lyc gdm cdc don vi
binh chung hgp thdnh ldn lugt ra ddi; cdc qudn,
binh chflng xay dung them nMeu don vi mdi
Miln Bde da tap trung luc lugng ddy manh
khai hoang, phdt triln khu kinh te mdi, lam thuy
lgi, phdt triln sdn xuit ndng ngMep, cdng
ngMep d trung du, mien nui, cflng cd vung chae
can cfl dja each mang, de phdng de qudc My va
tay sai md rdng "cMin franh cue bd" ra mien Bde Trong 8 nam chdng cMin franh phd hoai cfla dl qudc My, ndng ddn miln Bde da ddng gdp hang frdm trieu ngay cdng dao cdng sy, lam dudng giao thdng hdo, dao dja dao, tao dieu kien thudn lgi, phuc vu cho cdc luc lugng vu frang sdn sang cMin ddu va danh thdng mgi am muu, thu doan eua dieh fren mien Bac
San xuit ndng ngMep phdt trien, ddi sdng vdt chit, tinh than cfla ngudi dan dugc nang len, da phdt huy tinh than hdng hdi each mang cfla xa vien, cung vdi cong an, ddn quan bao ve vftng chdc an ninh xdm ldng, hgp tac xa, dap tan cdc td chuc phan dgng, cdc toan biet kfch cfla djch dugc tung ra phd hoai miln Bde Cdc hgp tac xa ndng nghiep d miln Bde da thyc Men tot cMnh sdch phdn phdi, ehfnh sach
xa hgi, bao ve sflc khde, hgc hdnh, ddi vdi
xa vien, ddc Met la cac gia dinh chfnh sach, ngudi gid, fre nhd, cac gia dinh cd ngudi di chien dau fren cMen trudng, thanh men xung phong, da gdp phan cd vu dgng vien tinh than
to ldn doi vdi nhflng ngudi len dudng di chien ddu va nhflng ngudi bam tru d que nha Danh gia ve vai frd cfla kinh te nong nghiep mien Bac frong nhflng nam cd nudc tien hanh khang cMen chdng My, cflu nudc, Nghj quyet HNTU 2 khda IV (6-1977), khdng djnh: "Nen ndng ngWep hgp tac hoa va ndng thdn mdi da gdp phdn frgng ylu cflng cd hau phuang, tang cudng lyc lugng qudc phdng, bdo dam cho miln Bde vua sdn xuit, vua cMin ddu chdng cMen franh phd hoai, vua cung cip sue ngudi, sue cfla cho tiln friyln, thyc su Id mdt frong Miung nhan td quylt dinh thdng lgi vT dai cua
sy ngMep chdng My, cflu nude"'
Thanh tyu vd kinh nghiem vl phat huy vai frd cfla kinh te nong nghiep ddi vdi tang
Trang 4TRAO 061
cudng, cflng cd sue manh qudc phdng, an
ninh miln Bde tu ndm 1961 din ndm 1975,
cd y nghia Men thyc sdu sdc doi vdi sy
nghiep cdng ngMep hda Men dai hda, tang
cudng khd ndng qudc phdng, an ninh dat
nudc frong sy ngMep ddi mdi hdm nay
Trudc yeu cdu diy manh cdng ngMep hda
Men dai hda ddt nude, sy phdt trien manh me
cfla cugc cdch mang khoa hgc - cdng nghe, yeu
cdu phdt trien cfla nen kinh te thj trudng djnh
hudng XHCN, van de ndng ngMep, ndng ddn,
ndng tiidn phai dugc gan ket chat che Phdt huy
vai frd cfla nong ngMep, nong ddn vd ndng
thdn doi vdi tang cudng quoc phdng, an ninh d
nudc ta frong giai doan mdi, Nghj quyet
HNTU 7 khda X (8-2008), khdng djnh: "Ndng
ngMep, ndng dan, ndng thon cd vj tri cMen
lugc frong sy ngMep cdng ngMep hda Men dai
hda, xay dyng vd bdo ve To qudc, la co sd vd
lyc lugng quan frgng de phdt trien kinh te - xa
hgi ben vung, gifl virng dn djnh chfnh trj, dam
bdo an ninh, qudc phdng"'^
Phat huy vai frd cfla kinh te ndng nghiep
ddi vdi tdng cudng quoc phdng, an ninh
frong sy ngMep xdy dung vd bdo ve Td qudc
XHCN Men nay, cdn tap trung giai quyet tdt
cdc van de sau: • ' ;
Mdt Id, kit hgp chat che phdt triin kinh ti
ndng nghiip v&i ldm, ngu nghiip, tren cdc
viing, cdc dia phuang cd nu&c, gdn v&i phdt
triin luc lugng ddn qudn ttf vi, luc lugng du
bi ddng viin Hien nay, nudc ta vdi gdn 80%
ddn cu sdng d vflng ndng thdn, chfl yeu lao
dgng san xuat frong cdc nganh ndng, ldm,
ngu nghiep, viec ket hgp phdt trien kinh te
nong, ldm, ngu nghiep gan vdi cflng cd, phat
trien lyc lugng dan qudn ty ve Id nhdn td
quan frgng frong xdy dyng lye lugng vd the
frdn qude phdng todn ddn, ddp flng yeu cdu cfla sy nghiep xay dung vd bdo ve To quoc XHCN Qud tiinh ket hgp, tao dieu kien thudn lgi trong thyc Men khai thac tiem ndng ddt dai, rung, bien, ddo cua ddt nudc va lyc lugng lao dgng cdn nhan roi, sdn xudt nMeu hang boa cd gid frj cao, dap flng yeu cdu tieu dflng trong nudc, xudt khdu, dong thdi cd dfl
du trft cho qudc phdng; phdt trien nong, ldm, ngu nghiep phdi gan vdi gidi quyet tot cac chfnh sdch xa hgi nhu xda ddi, gidm ngheo, ndng cao dan tri, chdm sdc sflc khoe, den on ddp nghTa, cai thien ddi song vat chdt, tinh thdn, vdn hda cho nhan dan, bdo ddm an ninh luong thyc, an ninh ndng thdn, tao the trdn phdng thfl, the trdn ldng ddn frong xdy dung
vd bdo ve To quoc; gdn vdi dgng vien dua ddn ra lap nghiep d cdc ddo, xdy dyng cac Idng, xd, huyen dao vilng manh, dong thdi chfl frgng phdt trien kinh te hgp tdc, cdc dgi ddnh bdt cd xa bd, xdy dyng luc lugng ty ve, mgt nhdn to quan trgng trong the trdn chien franh nhdn ddn bdo ve Td qudc tren vung bien ddo; phat trien trdng rimg gan vdi cong tdc van dgng, giao due nhdn dan djnh canh, djnh cu, gdp phdn bao ve vflng chdc cdc vflng rung nfli, bien cuong cfla Td qudc ^ > •
Hai Id, thu&ng xuyen gido due chii nghTa yiu nu&c chdn chinh, tinh thdn cdnh gide cdch mgng, dodn kit trong giai cdp ndng ddn Trong
giai doan cdch mang Men nay, cdc thl lyc thu djch su dung cMen lugc "dien biin hod binh", bao loan lat do de chong phd each mang nudc
ta vd sdn sdng sfl dung lyc lugng quan sy tiln hanh cude cMen franh xdm lugc kM cd dilu kien, vdi cdc loai Mnh cMen franh nhu: cMin franh thdng tin, cMen franh cd su dung vfl kM cdng nghe cao, nhdm xoa bd CNXH d Viet
Trang 5Nam Do do, gido due tinh tiidn yeu nudc, yeu
chfl ngMa xa hgi, y thflc canh giac each mang,
vfla tich cyc ddy manh sdn xudt, vfla tham gia
bao ve an ninh, frat ty, an todn xa hgi, bao ve
chu quyen cfla dat nudc frong giai cdp ndng
dan phdi dugc tien hanh thudng xuyen, cd ngi
dung vd hinh thuc tMch hgp vdi trinh do Meu
biet, phfl hgp vdi dieu kien lao dgng sdn xuat,
nhdm phat huy cao nhdt tinh thdn dodn ket,
hang hdi each mang cfla ndng ddn frong lao
dgng sdn xudt, bdo ve To qudc
Ba Id, tdng cudng qudn ly luc lugng lao
ddng, duy tri vd thuc hien tdt ke hogch hudn
luyen luc lugng du bi ddng viin, ddn qudn, tu
vi, diin tap ndng cao khd ndng sdn sdng chiin
ddu vd chiin ddu thdng lgi Lao dgng frong
ndng, ldm, ngu ngMep cMem phdn ldn lyc
lugng lao dgng frong xa hgi, do tac dgng cfla
cdng cugc CNH, HDH, viec phdt trien do thj
dien ra manh me fren pham vi cd nudc, thu bflt
nMeu lao ddng ndng ngMep fre, khde, cd trinh
do tiiam gia vdo qud trinh do Qudn ly chat che
lyc lugng lao dgng frong ndng ngMep, ndng
thdn, cd y ngMa quan frgng doi vdi phdt trien
kinh te - xa hgi, bao dam an ninh, frdt ty d mdi
dja phuong, ddng thdi anh hudng tryc tilp din
duy tri, xay dyng vd phdt trien lye lugng dy bj
dgng vien, ddn quan ty ve, den viec thyc Men
nMem vy hudn luyen, luyen tap phdi hgp vdi
qudn thudng frye, lyc lugng cdng an nhan ddn
Can ddi mdi co che, chfnh sach phu hgp vdi
phdt tiiln nong, lam, ngu ngMep; phat tiiln lyc
lugng dy bj dgng vien, dan qudn ty ve, cd vl sd
lugng vd chdt lugng, vfla la lyc lugng true tilp
tham gia sdn xudt, vfla la lyc lugng quan frgng
frong the frdn phdng thu khu vyc fren dit liln,
bien ddo; doi mdi va tang cudng cong tdc qudn
ly nhdn khdu, nhat la nhflng nong dan trong do
tuoi phai tiiam gia ngMa vu quan sy, lyc lugng
dy bj dgng vien; ddi mdi frang bj vfl kM, phuong tien thong tin, tiiyc Men tdt kl hoach luyen tap san sang cMin ddu bdo ve, cflu nan, cflu hg frong khu vyc phdng thfl vdi sy tiiam gia cfla toan dan, ndng cdt Id quan dgi, ddn qudn ty ve, lyc lugng dy bj dgng vien
Ljch su va Men thyc each mang nudc ta da
cM rd: bat ky thoi ky ndo ndng ngMep cflng gift vai frd quan frgng doi vdi sy ngMep tdng cudng, cflng CO sue manh quoc phdng, an ninh cfla dit nudc Ndng ngMep, ndng dan, ndng thdn phdt trien la co sd, tien de de cflng co, tang cudng qudc phdng, an ninh Ddng thdi, xay dung nen qudc phdng, an ninh vflng manh gdp phan bdo
ve vd gifl vung moi trudng hda binh, dn djnh, tao dieu kien cho nong ngMep, ndng dan, ndng thdn phdt trien Day cflng Id vdn de cd tinh quy ludt phdt trien cfla dan tgc, cd y ngMa ly luan vd tiiyc tien sau sac, ddc Met frong tinh hinh Men nay
1 VILenin Todn tap, ST, H, 1971, T.27, tr.88
2 Ho Chi Minh: Ve cdch mqngxd hoi chu nghid vd
xdy dung chitnghiaxd hgi,ST,R, 1976, tr 136
3 Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn kien Ddng Todn
tap, CTQG, H, 2002, T.21, tr 928-929
4.6ai,T.22,tr.458
5 &?c/,T.26,tr.74
6 8 Xem: Tong cue Thdng ke: Sd lieu thong ke Viet
Nam thikyXX, NXB Thdng ke, H, 2004, T 1, Ir 230
7 Xem: Bo Qudc phdng: Chiin tranh nhdn ddn dia
phuong trong khdng chien chong A^, cieu nudc
(1954-7975), QDND,H, 1996, tr 391
9 Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn Men Ddng Todn
tap, CTQG, H, 2005, T.38, tr 315
10 Dang Cong san Viet Nam: Vdn Men Hgi nghi
ldn thu bay Ban Chdp hdnh Trung uang khoa X,
CTQG, H, 2008, tr 123-124