Nhfl vay, neu nhfl lflc ddu che do thudc dia va suf tut hau cua cae nflde Islam giao da tao ra phong trao hien dai hoa triet de Islam giao, ndu sfl tan ra cua he thdng thudc dia sau [r]
Trang 1ISLAM GIAO VA VAN HOA ISLAM GIAO
TRONG THE GI61 HIEN DAI
S uf dac thfl cua Islam giao k suf hdp
nha't cfla bdn nguyen tdn giao va
ban nguyen the' tuc, bd may va quydn lflc
tdn giao Khdng mdt qudc gia Islam giao,
mdt Nha nflde Islam giao nao lai cd td chflc
chdng lai nha nflde Dieu nay khdng cd
nghia rang ldi fch cua gidi tang lfl Islam
giao dac biet k eua nhflng tang lfl phdn
ddng nha't, khdng bao gid mau thuan vdi
chfnh sach cua ban lanh dao da't nflde
-dieu dd da xay ra va hien nay van thfldng
xay ra Nhflng trong the gidi Islam giao
khdng cd td chflc giao bdi, gid'ng nhfl Giao
hdi Cdng giao hay Giao hdi Chfnh Thd'ng
giao, dfldc cd' ket vd td chflc, bdo ve ldi fch
cua giao hdi va ldi fch cua dang cap tang lfl
phuc vu giao hdi Khac vdi Cdng giao,
Islam giao da hinh thanh trong dieu kien
hdp nha't chfnh tri - tdn giao, cdn nhflng
thu linh cua nd la ban than cac thfl linh
chi'nh tri va ddng thdi cung k cac thu linh
tdn giao - cac rrbd tien tri, cac qudc vfldng
va nhflng ngfldi trd hgc tai bdn dia
Suf hdp nha't ban nguyen tdn giao va
ban nguyen the tue thanh mgt chinh the
thdng nha't da gdp phdn tuyet ddi hoa
quyen uy cila tdn giao, mgt mat nd gdp
phdn ha tha'p vai trd cua sfl phan ca'p bd
may hanh chfnh quan lai mat khac bat
ki quan chflc nao cung ludn phdi k m cho
boat ddng cua minh phu hdp vdi nhflng
chuan tac eua kinh Cdran va cua Luat
Islam giao (Shariat), cung phdi tuf van vdi
HOANG V.\N CANH'' cac giao si Islam giao, cung phai tfnh ddn
y kie'n cua cac tang lfl Islam giao cua nhflng ngfldi k n h dao cac giao phai Islam giao Ta't cd nhflng didu dd trdi huge dang
ke den quyen hanh phap cila bd may hanh ehinh, han ehe nhflng khd ndng cua
nd va qua dd da dat sfl chuyen quydn cua
nd vdo trong mdt khudn khd xac dinh Nhflng ban che ndy hoc Id theo cac each khac nhau d cac cap do khac nhau Khdng mdt ai va khdng bao gid cd the ngan trd dfldc qudc vfldng Thd Nhi Ky tfle gian hay giao chu Iran trflng phat mdt thdn dan
ma khdng cd mdt If do hay ldi gidi thfch ndo Tuy nhien, cac tdng dd'c cd quyen lflc nhd hdn chut ft, cdn cac quan lai dia phfldng cang budc phdi tfnh den nhieu hdn vai trd eua gidi tdng lfl, quyen lflc cua tdn giao va tap quan phap
Sfl hdp nha't bdn nguyen tdn gido va ban nguyen the' tuc khi hinh thanh gia tri tdi cao cua tdn giao da cd anh hfldng tdi nhieu mat cfla truyen thd'ng van hda Islam giao Chdng ban, tfl tfldng "thanh chien" eua phai Jihad da cd dfldc gia tri tuyet ddi, dfldng nhfl trd thanh tfnh thdn thanh trong Islam giao Nhflng tfl tfldng
"thanh chien" cung dfldc sfl dung trong cac cudc da'u tranh gidi phdng dan tgc, cho cudc chidn chd'ng chu nghia thflc dan, v.v Mdt t h a n h td q u a n trgng cila tfl TS Khoa Chinh tri Dai hgc Cong doan
Trang 2tfldng "thanh chie'n" k tfnh xa than: Dfldi
nggn cd cua cuge thanh chidn, nhflng
ngfldi Islam giao chfnh thd'ng khdng chdn
chfl tie'n len phfa trflde va khdng nhflng
de dang ma edn sdn sang dang hien cudc
ddi minh
Mdt dae diem quan trgng khae cila
truyen thdng van hda Islam giao k vice
Islam giao da ddng mdt vai trd to ldn
trong qua trinh hinh thdnh thai do cila
nhflng tfn dd Islam giao chfnh thd'ng ddi
vdi cudc sdng Dd k quan niem ve sfl tidn
dinh va kem theo dd k tfnh thu ddng
Nhflng tin dd phai Sunni quan tam nhidu
nhat de'n tfn If nay Hg cdng khai truyen
ba viec dat hi vgng vao y nguyen cua
Allah va khdng hifdng tdi mdt cudc sd'ng
tfch cufc, ma ngfldc lai dap tat nhflng due
vgng d trong minh va qua dd dat tdi sfl
hda nhap vdi Allah Nhflng tfl tfldng tidn
dinh cua Allah cung cdn phd bien rgng rai
trong tat cd cac phai Islam giao Dfldng
nhien, dieu dd khdng cd nghia rdng, khi
hoan toan dat niem tin vao Allah, nhflng
tfn dd "chfnh thd'ng" khdng cdn hfldng tdi
mdt cai gi nfla Hg k m cdng viec cua
minh, keu ggi nhflng ngfldi hfldng ve hg,
ddi khi cdn cd nhflng hdnh ddng kien
quyet gid'ng nhfl cudc thanh chien chd'ng
lai nhflng ke di giao hay k cudc ndi day
cua ndng dan dfldi khau hieu cua mgt
gido phai ndi loan ndo dd Tuy nhien,
Islam giao khdng bao gid kfch thfch nghi
lflc, tfnh chfl ddng, tfnh ndng dgng cua ca
nhan trong viec dat tdi muc dfch, nhflng
cai dang ra da cd mdt y nghia to ldn ddi
vdi viec phat trien kinh te - xa hdi Vi
dieu dd khdng phu hdp vdi cudc sd'ng dien
ra quen thudc va thanh binh cflng vdi
ndm ldn cdu nguyen mdi ngay va nhflng
nghia vu khac cua cac tfn dd Islam giao
Suf nha'n manh phufdng dien le nghi
cua cudc sd'ng cflng vdi nhflng budi cdu
nguyen hang ngay, thang an chay bat huge, nhflng cudc hanh hfldng, v.v cung
k mdt trong nhflng net truyen thd'ng van hda tdn giao dae trflng cua Islam giao Cac truyen thd'ng nhfl vay da nudi dfldng thoi quen phuc tflng, vang ldi, kf luat, va dieu
cd ban k hoan toan chd'ng lai ba't ki ca tfnh nao Tai ndng cam hflng cfla nghe nhan, tfl tfldng cao hflng eila thien tai-khdng cd cai gi cd the va can phdi trd thanh cai can trd viec cdu nguyen nam lan mdt ngay d tudi thanh nien, eung nhfl viec tuan thu an chay hay cac le nghi khac Ngfldi tfn dd efli xud'ng da't mgt each than phuc, hang ngay nhdc k i vai k n rang, con ngfldi chf k mgt hat bui hen kem la ke tha'p hen trufdc mat Allah vi dai
Dfldng nhien k eung khdng nen phdng dai Sau khi trd t h a n h thdi quen, cdu nguyen ndm bin mgt ngay khdng cdn la ganh nang qua ldn ddi vdi tin dd va dau sao cung khdng qua gay trd ngai cho viec thufc hien cdng viec, cho dfl cdng viec ay
cd cdm tfldng xa la vdi nhflng ldi ran cua Allah Them vao dd nhflng ldi rdn cila Islam giao khdng can trd tin dd Islam giao k m chfnh tri, cdng hien minh cho nhflng khat vgng dd't chay nd
Gidng nhfl Cdng giao Islam giao cd xu hfldng len an sfl bat binh ddng trong xa hdi Tuy nhien, neu Cdng giao chf dflng lai d viec len an bdng ngdn tfl va trflng phat nhflng ngfldi giau cd trong tfldng lai, thi tinh hinh trong Islam giao lai cu the hdn: nd ddi hdi phan phdi lai cila cai va thu nhap du k khdng nhieu nhflng hien
thflc, thdng qua bdn phan zakat Tin do
Cdng giao cung k m viec thien, quyen gdp cho nhflng ngfldi bi md edi, cho nhflng cdng viec eua nha thd v.v nhufng dieu
dd ddi vdi hg k cdng viee cua ca nhan thudn tuy; dieu dd trong Islam giao la bdn phan dfldc cac quy tde tdn giao than
Trang 3thanh hda Islam giao truydn ba tfl tfldng
cho rdng mgi ngfldi binh ddng trflde Allah
mdt each nha't quan hdn nhidu so vdi
Cdng giao Do vay, mac dfl d Phfldng
Ddng, Islam giao ludn danh gia cao
nhflng dac quyen cua ddng ca'p va ddng
hg, song chflng van khdng bien thanh be
thdng nhflng dac quyen cua quy tgc khep
kfn nhfl d Chau Au Dau sao thi tfnh hdp
nhat cua cac ban nguyen tdn giao vd the
tuc cung thuc day didu dd Cu the k con
dfldng dan tdi ddi ngu nhflng giao si
Islam giao cd uy tin cung khdng phu
thudc vao ngudn gd'c cfla con ngfldi, md
phu thudc vdo thanh cdng cua ngfldi a'y
trong viec dat tdi sfl thdng thai vd Islam
giao Chfnh nhflng cd sd neu tren cua van
hda Islam giao da quy dinh qua trinh
hien dai boa Islam giao
Dfldc khdi xfldng dfldi nggn cd cua
phong trao Mahdi, eac phong trao cai
each ngay cang cd sde thai mdi d nfla sau
the ki XIX Tdng ldp tren cila nhflng tfn
dd Islam giao cd hgc van tai cac nflde
Islam giao tfldng ddi phat trien ddn dan
da tiep thu cac tfl tfldng, cac hgc thuyet,
cac quan diem khae nhau dang phd bien d
Chau Au, tfl ehu nghia tuf do dn boa cho
tdi chu nghia each mang, ke ca chfl nghia
xa hdi vdi nhflng sde thai khac nhau
Nhflng tfl tfldng nay dfldc phd bien khdng
phdi ngay lap tfle va d khdp ndi, nhflng
sfl anh hfldng cila chung ngay cang trd
nen cam nhan tha'y rd hdn
Gifl vi trf quan trgng trong cac phong
trao cai each d thdi ki nay k chu nghia
lien Islam giao ma ngfldi sang lap k nha
tfl tfldng va nha cai each Giemall-ad-diall
- Afghani (1838-1897) La ngfldi gdc
Afghanistan, dng da rdi td qud'e d do tudi
30, sd'ng tai Caird va Istambul, sau dd k
An Do, viet hang loat tac pham cd ndi
dung triet hge ehung, cung nhfl cd ndi
dung chfnh tri Phat hidu cung vdi nhflng tfl tfldng hien dai boa Islam giao, Afghani
da xay dflng va dfla ra quan diem chu nghia lien Islam giao ma thflc chat k d chd mgi ngfldi con cua Islam giao cdn phdi hdp nha't lai trong cudc da'u tranh chdng lai thflc dan ngoai bang, nham phuc hdi suf thudn khiet khdi thuy cua Islam giao Mdt sd' nha tfl tfldng vd cdi cadi cd uy tfn khac da ung hd cac tfl tfldng cfla Afghani, trong so' dd cd giao sfl dai bgc Islam giao Al-Azbar d Caird, Muhamet Abdo (1849-1905) Bi ngfldi Anh true xuat khdi Ai Cap do tham gia vdo phong trao gidi phdng dan tgc nhflng nam 80 cua the ki XX, Abdo da sd'ng lflu vong d Pari, ndi Afghani dang d khi dd
Ca hai nhd cai each xudt bdn td bao ddu tien trong lich sfl cac qudc gia Islam giao Tren td bao ndy, hg tuyen truyen cac quan diem, phat trien cac tfl tfldng dan chu vd giai phdng cua minh, ddng thdi keu ggi edi each Gifl mdt vi trf quan trgng trong cac tfl tfldng cua chil nghia lien Islam gido k ldi kdu ggi bdp nha't tin
dd Islam giao khdng phu thudc vao ranh gidi chfnh tri cua eac qudc gia Islam giao,
k ldi keu ggi k m trong sach va hien dai boa Islam giao
Tim kiem lflc Ifldng hien thflc de thufc hien muc dfch dat ra, cac nha tfl tfldng cfla chu nghia lien Islam giao da huge phai dfla vdo hoac vua Thd Nhi Ky, hoac qudc vfldng Iran nham nhan dfldc suf giup
dd cua hg Nhflng didu dd da dfla tdi chd cac yeu td' dan chu va giai phdng cfla suf phat trien tfl sdn ddn ddn da bien mat khdi khau bieu cua nhflng ngfldi theo chu nghia lien Islam giao Do vay, ngay d nhflng thap nien ddu the ki XX, phong trao cua hg da bien thanh mdt lufc lufdng tfldng ddi bdo thu Cac khdu bieu cua phong trdo lien Islam giao da bi cac the'
Trang 4lufc cufc doan ldi dung de ehe day eho
dfldng ldi banh trufdng chfnh tri Tai An
Do, cac tfl tfldng lien Islam giao da d\i6c
the hien dfldi hinh thflc phong trao eua
nhflng ngfldi ilng hd viec phuc hdi vfldng
qud'e Islam giao Nhflng tfl nhflng ndm 20
eila the ki XX, lap trfldng cua nhflng
ngfldi theo ehil nghia lien Islam giao da
bi suy yeu dang ke Thfl nghiem cua hg
nham phuc hdi vfldng qudc Islam giao va
lfla chgn qudc vfldng sau khi thu tieu che
do vua chfla d Thd Nhi Ky vao ndm 1924
da hi pha sdn Mac dfl chu nghia lien
Islam giao vdi tfl each mdt trao lflu van
tiep tuc tdn tai nhflng dnh hfldng cua nd
da gidm ddn Thay thd cho nd d cae nflde
Islam giao khae nhau k eac quan diem
cai each, hien dai hda mdi chu yeu mang
sde thai dan tgc chu nghia nhdm cdi each
ddi sd'ng chinb tri - xa hdi va vdn hda
Islam giao d da't nflde minh
Mdt trong nhflng bleu hien rd rang nha't
cila phong trdo cdi each Islam giao k chu
nghia dan tgc Islam giao Khac vdi chu
nghia lien Islam giao dat hi vgng vao sfl
thudn khiet cila Islam giao chu nghia dan
tgc Islam giao, mac du ed lien he vdi chu
nghia lien Islam giao, thfldng phat trien
tren cd sd cua nd Ngay tfl dau chfl nghia
dan tgc Islam giao da ung hg suf hien dai
hoa triet de va toan dien Dfla vdo nhflng
doan vdn da nghia trong kinh Cdran,
nhflng ngfldi truyen ba ehil nghia hien dai
dan tgc chu nghia thfldng dung boa Islam
giao vdi tfnh hien dai, vdi khoa hgc Ngfldi
dat cd sd cho thfle tien nhfl vay k ngfldi
theo chfl nghia lien Islam giao - Muhamet
Abdo Nhieu dai dien cd uy tfn khae cfla
Islam giao cung da di theo xu hfldng nay
Chang han, giao sfl thdn hge Ahmad-han
Bahadur d An Do, ngfldi da dich kinh
Cdran tfl lap trfldng eila thuyet Mutasit
mdi, tfle nha'n manh y chf tfl do va eac yeu
td' duy If khac Kinh Cdran va viec chfl giai
nd tfl lap trfldng cua Buhadur va cac mdn
de cila dng trflde het cd nhiem vu dung hoa Islam giao vdi nhflng yeu cdu eila thdi hien dai, vdi nhflng thanh tflu cua khoa hgc the
ki XIX-XX
Phong trao hien dai hoa Islam giao tuf lap trfldng duy If dan ddn da dfldc phd bien, dac biet k d nfla ddu the ki XX Bat chap sii phan khang dfl dgi tfl phfa gidi tang lfl eflc doan, tfl phfa nhflng ngfldi bdo ve tfnh bat
di bat dich cua Islam giao, cac cudc cai each
da ndi tiep nhau d khdp ndi tfl ddu the ki
XX Kinh Cdran va Islam giao da dfldc dung boa vdi cuge sd'ng: Nhflng bai truyen giao va nhflng quy dinh dfldc truyen qua dai truyen thanh, hdn nfla la bdng ngdn ngfl cua thinh gid Nhflng chudn tac ldi thdi eua Shariat bi xem xet lai triet de vd bi day xud'ng hang thfl yeu dfldi ap lflc cua thu tue to' tung hien dai dfldc vay mfldn tfl Chau Au
Trfldng hdp Thd Nhi Ky k thf du ve nhflng cai each triet de nha't theo phfldng hfldng nay Tai day, sau eugc each mang Kemall nhflng quy dinh cua Shariat da mat y nghia trflde day eua nd nhfldng cho cho nhflng chuan tde phap luat dfldc nha nflde phe chuan cdn cfl tren nhflng quy tde luat phap dfldc thfla nhan d Chau Au Dia vi eua ngfldi phu nfl dfldc thay ddi dang ke Hg dfldc giai phdng khdi canh sdng an dat va tfch eflc tham gia vao cuge sdng xa hgi Che do mgt vd mgt ehdng da dfldc luat phap quy dinh d hang loat nflde tien bg nha't 5 Thd Nhi Ky nghi id ciia Islam giao dfldc ddn gian hoa dang ke, dieu kien an chay cung dfldc giam nhe, phu nfl dfldc phep di vao thanh dfldng Cudi cflng, d mgt vai nflde rieng biet, gidi tdng lfl Islam giao cung vdi mgi nghi le va chuan tde tdn giao eila hg da dfldc tach ra khdi nha nflde, edn hoat dgng cila nha nflde mang tfnh chat the tuc thudn tuy
Trang 5Cudc each mang Kemall va boat ddng
cai each eua Mustafa Kemall (1881-1980)
d Thd Nhi Ky dang dfldc quan tam nhieu
nhat xet tfl gde do edi each va hien dai
hoa Islam giao, pha vd cdn ban cac
truyen thd'ng ldi thdi Thd Nhi Ky eua
Kemall neu khdng phai la mau mflc
(Khdng mdt nflde nao khae lap k i hoan
toan eai each nay) thi cung k dinh hfldng
ddi vdi ta't cd cac nflde Islam giao
Tai cac nflde Islam giao khac, qua trinh
nay dien ra eham hdn va di lien vdi vd so'
trao lflu ddi lap Chang ban, tai An Do, nd
da trd nen phfle tap hdn do bdi canh tdn
giao chung rat rac rdi Do khdng chf cac
phong trao giai phdng dan tgc chd'ng thflc
dan ma ea eac xung dot Islam giao - An Do
giao trd nen gay gdt Tai Inddnexia, nhieu
nflde Arap khi cd sfl phdn khang dan tgc
chd'ng thflc dan, qua trinh hien dai hoa tat
yeu phai nhfldng bg Nhflng ngfldi theo
chil nghia lien Islam giao da dufa vao
truyen thd'ng Islam giao trong cudc dau
tranh vi sfl gidi phdng dan tde, dae biet k
bd phan eflc doan cd y dinh phuc hdi eac
chuan tac thudn khiet cua Islam giao
nguyen thuy nhdm chd'ng lai xu hfldng
Phfldng Tay hoa
Nhfl vay, neu nhfl lflc ddu che do thudc
dia va suf tut hau cua cae nflde Islam giao
da tao ra phong trao hien dai hoa triet de
Islam giao, ndu sfl tan ra cua he thdng
thudc dia sau Chien tranh The gidi ldn
thfl hai keo theo thdi ki eua nhflng cai
each xa hdi triet de va tao ra khau hieu
"chu nghia xa hdi Islam giao", thi tfl
nhflng nam 1970 sfl tdng cfldng sfle manh
kinh te va chfnh tri cila cac nflde Islam
giao da bat ddu k m gia tang thai do tfl
tdn dan tgc chu nghia eila tdng ldp cdm
quyen d nhieu nflde Islam giao va tfldng
flng la k m tang vai tro cua Islam giao vdi
tfl each mgt truyen thd'ng dan tgc manh
me md dfla vao dd k thuan ldi hdn ca trong cudc da'u tranh chd'ng lai anh hfldng cfla nflde ngoai
Dfldng nhien, d day ta't ca mgi thfl khdng phai deu k nhdt quan Ndi day dfldi nggn cd Islam giao k cac lflc Ifldng da'u tranh cho ddc lap dan tgc, cho sti giai phdng dat nflde khdi ap lflc cua cae cfldng qud'e khac, chdng han nhfl cudc each mang Iran Tuy nhien, khdng nen quen rdng nhflng mat bao thu nha't cua Islam giao cung vdi ldi keu ggi ban che quyen cua phu nfl va dinh hfldng vao cac quy dinh nghiem khde cua Shariat cung da hoc Id trong cudc da'u tranh chfnh nghia
ay Cung cdn nha'n manh rdng, thien hfldng dan tgc chfl nghia cung vdi viec dfla vao sfle manh khdi thuy cua Islam giao da tdng cfldng lap trfldng cua cac tdng ldp bdo thu nha't va tfldng flng k
k m suy yeu lap trfldng cua cac tdng ldp tien bg nha't Thflc ra, nhflng cai each tien
bd van dien ra tai hang loat nflde Islam giao, ke ed dfldi khau hieu "ehu nghia xa hdi Islam giao" Nhfl da tha'y, mdt sd'nflde Islam giao da lfla chgn con dfldng dinh hfldng xa hdi chu nghia Nhflng viec nhan tha'y tfnh tfch eflc hien nhien cua sfl lfla chgn ay cung khdng nen quen mdt dieu quan trgng k : hien nay tren the gidi da
cd nhflng dieu kien khach quan rd rang
de Islam giao phuc hdi dfldi hinh thflc ha khde nha't cfla nd
Vdi tfl each k mdt hgc thuyet tdn giao
va mdt hinh thflc td chflc xa hgi, Islam giao d Phfldng Ddng da ludn ddng mdt vai trd khae so vdi Cdng giao d Chau Au Khdng bao gid, tham chf ca vao thdi ki thd'ng tri hoan toan cua minh ddi vdi con ngfldi, vao nhflng giai doan khdt khe nha't cua Toa an Tdn giao, Cdng giao cung khdng loai trfl hoan toan chfnh quyen the tuc Islam giao thi lai bao phu
Trang 6len toan bd xa hdi, quy dinh tfnh chat eua
quan he kinh te va hinh thflc td chflc
chfnh tri, ed ca'u xa hgi, vdn hda va nep
sd'ng cua tfn dd Va, mac dfl cac nha tfl
tfldng Islam giao tfl do suf dung cac pham
trfl triet hge khdng cd diem gi chung vdi
Islam giao, song dau sao Islam giao van
k nen tang ma nhflng ngfldi Islam giao
chfnh thd'ng da dflng tren dd vd da xudt
phat tfl dd Cd the tranh luan ve nhflng
chd khdng rd rang trong kinh Cdran, bac
bd sura nay hay sura khac, dflng tren
quan diem eua vi giao chu nay hay vi giao
chil khac, nhflng khdng the chd'ng lai
Islam giao mgt each trfle tiep k n gian
tiep Khdng the vi ai dd ca'm doan dieu ay
mdt each nghiem ngat, hay vi se hi hod
thieu Do bdi gian thieu khdng bao gid cd
trong Islam giao Dd k vi trong dieu kien
thdng tri tuyet ddi cila Islam giao, chd'ng
k i nd cd nghia k chd'ng lai ta't cd nhflng
gi cd trong ddi sd'ng va xa hdi cua eae tfn
dd Islam giao, tfle tfl dem minh chd'ng lai
xa hdi dd, -dflng ngoai nd, dflng ngoai
phap luat
Tat cd nhflng dieu dd k m tang gap bdi
dia vi cua Islam giao, dem lai sfle manh
va tfnh dn dinh cho truyen thd'ng van hda
Islam giao, cho anh hfldng cua Islam giao
ddi vdi dan cfl, tham chf ed khi bdi canh
tren the gidi da thay ddi dang ke, cudc
sd'ng da danh ma't cac cd sd quen thude
cua minh vd nhflng cai mdi da kien quyet
ddi hdi phai tfnh tdi chflng Nhflng dieu
ndi tren If gidi eac hinh thflc ma dfldi dd
da dien ra sfl chuyen bien eila Islam giao
trong the gidi Islam giao Chi cd Thd Nhi
Ky, ndi ma cac lflc Ifldng chd'ng tdng lfl da
k n h dao cuge each mang Kemall va dfla
ddt nflde tdi nhflng cdi each triet de, mdi
cd the kien quyet vfldt ra khdi vdng phong
tda cua Islam giao, mac dfl khdng phai k
hoan toan Cdn trong toan bd the gidi
Islam giao edn lai, ke ca d nhflng nflde ma ngfldi ta thfch thfl ndi ve "chu nghia xa hgi Islam giao" va that sfl tien hanh nhflng cai each xa hgi triet de, vd'n khdng bi loai
bd mgt each kien quyet Islam giao da biet each bien ddi, chuyen hoa, thfch nghi, tham chf la kien toan, va bay gid khde phue nd da khdng cdn d i dang Hoa nhap vdi cd eau hien dai, tham chf cdn thfla nhan mgt phan quyen eila khoa hge, Islam giao tiep tue ap che sfl phat trien tien tdi eua xa hgi bang hang nghin nam truyen thd'ng cila minh
Dfldng nhien, eac nha thdn hgc Islam giao hien dai khdng ngang hang vdi cac nha thdn hgc Islam giao each day hang nghin nam Hg ed hge va'n cao, sd'ng hoa nhip vdi thdi hien dai, dd k chfla ndi rdng nhieu ngfldi trong so' hg suf dung mgi
t h a n h qud cua nen van minh hien dai ke
ca vd tuyen va d td Nhflng van nhfl trflde kia hg cd dnh hfldng den ddi sd'ng tinh than cua da't nflde va ddng vai trd tfch eflc trong chfnh tri Hdn nfla d nhflng nam gdn day suf anh hfldng nay da tdng len dang ke, edn vai trd cua nhflng ngfldi uy tfn trong Islam giao lai cang trd nen tfch cufc hdn nfla trong viec xac dinh dfldng ldi chfnh tri, nhfl cd the n h a n tha'y d Iran Mdt trong cae dac diem quan trgng nha't eila Islam giao hien dai k thai do sdn sang ddi thoai cua nd Dd cd the k ddi thoai gifla cac nen van minh, la ddi thoai Phfldng Ddng va Phfldng Tay, k sfl giao tiep van hda mdt each khoan dung trong thdi dai hien nay Keu ggi ddi thoai gifla cae nen vdn minh, ban than tfn do Islam giao k dai dien cho mgt nen van minh hung manh, cho mgt nen van hda phong phu Hg hieu quan he gifla ngfldi vdi ngfldi nhfl la quan he khdng phai can cfl tren sfle manh va sfl cfldng che ma la can cfl tren each tiep can va sfl ddi thoai hdp ,
Trang 7If Ddi thoai gifla cae nen van minh cd
nghia k sfl binh dang gifla eac dan tgc va
cac qudc gia
Mdt trong cae van de trdm trgng trong
cae xa hdi tdn giao, va tide thay Islam
giao cung khdng t r a n h khdi didu nay, dd
k quan niem sai ldm cho rdng d dau cd
tdn giao thi d dd con ngfldi khdng can den
If tfnh Vao thdi Trung cd ngfldi ta dem
tdn giao ddi lap vdi If tfnh va tfl do, rd't
cudc ta't cd chflng deu hi thiet hai Tren
thflc te tdn giao k cai ndi, k chd dfla chfl
yeu de cung cd'lf tfnh vd tfl do Va mac dfl
con ngfldi dang dfldc ban tang tinh thdn
cua Allah va nd the nghiem tac ddng td't
dep cua nhflng binh dien ndm d ben ngoai
gidi ban cua tfl nhien, thdi gian va khdng
gian, song nd van dat tdi bf an cua tfl
nhien nhd If tfnh, cd dfldc tri thfle, nghien
cflu khoa hge va triet hgc Neu con ngfldi
mud'n cd mdt tfldng lai td't dep thi nd cdn
phai dfla vao qua tang td't dep cua Allah
la If tfnh
The gidi tdn giao va the gidi nghe
thuat k cac the gidi hfldng vao con ngfldi
Thfldng De hfldng vao ban chat ddc dao
nam ngoai lich suf cila con ngfldi, do vay,
mgi tdn giao do Thfldng De tao ra thflc
chat k khdng khac biet nhau Truyen
thd'ng Phfldng Ddng gidi thfch "phfldng
dien Phfldng Ddng" cua ban chat con
ngfldi Nhflng tren thflc te, con ngfldi k vi
trf ma d dd tam hdn Phfldng Ddng va If
tfnh Phfldng Tay hdi ngd vdi nhau Viec
phu dinh sfl tdn tai cua bat ki bd phan
nao cua ban chat con ngfldi deu can trd
chung ta nhan thflc tdm quan trgng cua
tdn tai ngfldi Co' gdng hieu ea nhan cdn
phai than trgng de khdng rdi vao chu
nghia ca nhan va ehu nghia tap the Tfnh
dgc dao cua con ngfldi khdng phdi sinh ra
tfl ban chat tap the chu nghia hay ban
chat ca nhan ehil nghia cua nd Tfnh ddc
ddo cila nd chf dfldc If giai vi ldi keu ggi cua Thfldng De hfldng vao nd Dap lai ldi keu ggi nay, tam hdn con ngfldi vfldt ra khdi gidi ban cfla minh, nhd tfnh sieu viet
ay cua tam hdn con ngfldi ma the gidi con ngfldi ed the thanh the gidi cdng bdng va nhan van
Khdng nen hieu viec danh gia cao ve If tfnh nhfl ldi keu ggi hfldng vao tinh duy If
va chu nghia Idgi'c k trung tam theo kieu Chau Au, nhfl dieu nay da dien ra d giai doan trflde chfl nghia hien dai Do chu nghia duy If hien dai da xua't hien d Chau
Au, nen Chau Au can phdi cd mdt sfl danh gia cd phe phan ve chil nghia duy If
va cdn phai tim ra gidi phap cho phep ne tranh dfldc nhflng hau qua pha huy cfla
nd Chung ta biet rd rang nang Ifldng khdng kidm che dfldc va sfle sd'ng cua nen vdn hda Chau Au can phdi tidn mdt bflde nfla va edn phai nhin nhan minh bdng mdt con mdt khac - nhfl nhflng ngfldi khac nhin nhan Khdng nen hieu didu nay k Chau Au cdn phai lang quen di di san vdn hda vi dai cua minh hay nd cdn phdi hfldng tdi mdt loai hinh chu nghia
mi dan mdi Thflc ra cdn phdi hieu didu nay nhfl k ldi keu ggi nen van hda va vdn minh Chau Au ed dfldc mdt kinh nghiem mdi va each tiep can gdn hdn vdi dia van hda toan cdu
Cdn phdi hieu rdng cai ggi k "ndn van minh Phfldng Tay" ndm gifla nen van minh Islam giao va cudc sd'ng hien dai
Nd cd rat nhieu thanh tflu nhflng cung cd
cd nhflng mat tieu ciic, dac biet k ddi vdi nhflng ngfldi sd'ng ben ngoai the gidi Phfldng Tay Tuy nhien, de cho y thflc nay trd nen cd hieu qud va hflu ich, thi edn phai di xa hdn quan niem hdi hdt ve nen van minh ay va dat tdi nhflng cd sd If luan, nhflng gia tri mang tfnh dat nen mdng cua nd
Trang 8Co mdt thfle te k Phfldng Ddng hgc
quan tam den Phfldng Ddng nhfl khach
the nghien cflu chfl khong phai "ben
tham gia thfl hai cua cudc dd'i thoai" De
cudc ddi thoai thflc sfl gifla eac nen vdn
minh dien ra tren thflc te, thi cdn phai
k m sao cho Phfldng Ddng trd t h a n h ben
tham gia thdo luan dfch thflc, chfl khdng
chf ddn gian k khach the nghien cflu
Chau Au va My cdn phai thflc hien chfnh
bflde di quan trgng nay de thflc hien dfl
an "ddi thoai gifla eac nen van minh" Va,
neu hien nay eae nen van minh Phfldng
Ddng dang nhin nhan minh thdng qua
k n g kfnh Phfldng Tay va nhan biet nhau
thdng qua Phfldng Tay, thi Islam giao se
trd thanh eai gfldng ddi vdi Phfldng Tay
trong mgt tfldng lai khdng xa Nd k cai
trong dd Phfldng Tay cd the nhan thay
qua khfl eua ban than minh, di sdn triet
hge va van hda eila minh Chfnh Islam
giao da ddng vai trd to ldn trong viec tiep
xue vdi Chau Au vdi nhflng thanh tflu tfl
tfldng va triet hgc Hy Lap
Cac nen van minh cdn tdn tai cho tdi khi
chflng cdn tim ra dfldc cau tra ldi cho
nhflng van de mdi ndy sinh va dam bao
dfldc nhflng nhu cdu thfldng bien eua eon
ngfldi Cd the khang dinh rdng nen van
minh Phfldng Tay k da gia edi va suy ddi
Hdn bd'n the ki la mgt khoang thdi gian ldn
ddi vdi mgt nen vdn minh, mac du mdt so'
nen vdn minh trong qua khfl da tdn tai lau
hdn Nhflng khoa hgc ki thuat va eac
phfldng tien lien k e dien tfl da k m tdng
td'c dang ke nhflng chuyen bien so vdi qua
khfl Thdi h a n tdn t a i cfla mdt n e n vdn
minh tfl thdi Phuc hflng eho tdi hien nay khdng the coi k ngdn, va do vay cd the coi nen van minh Phfldng Tay la nen van minh gia cdi Nhflng can phai dat ra van de; le nao nen van minh Islam giao da khdng tflng xua't hien va da di tdi sfl cao j chung each day vai the ki? Phai chang cai ' chet eiia mgt nen van minh cd nghia la khdng the dfla vao hgc thuyet cua no trong j tfl duy cung nhfl trong hanh dgng? Phai chang sfl ra ddi va sfl suy thoai cua nen van minh Islam giao cd nghia rdng thdi dai cua Islam giao vdi tfl each cd sd eiia nen j van minh Islam giao da trdi qua? ' Mac du vay, cd the ndi trong he thd'ng
tdn giao cua the gidi hien dai, Islam giao vdn k mgt trong cae lflc Ifldng dang ke nhat Sfle manh eua Islam giao khdng phai d so' Ifldng tfn dd euia nd, ma trflde het k d sfl thd'ng n h a t ve mat cd cau, thiet che va tfl tfldng da dfldc Muhammad xep dat Chflc nang dac trflng nha't cho Islam giao k chflc nang tfch hdp eua tdn giao, chflc ndng the hien
dfldi hinh thflc rd rang va cd hieu lflc \
nhat d day Trong dieu kien bflc tranh chfnh tri the gidi da bien ddi cflng vdi vai trd to ldn cfla cac nflde Islam giao trong viec xac dinh chfnh sach va sach Ifldc phat trien, Islam giao ngay nay cd nhflng dieu kien khach quan khdng nhflng de j tdn tai vdi tfl each mdt trong nhflng tdn i giao ldn cua the gidi ma cdn de tang cfldng vai trd k nggn cd tfl tfldng cua cac phong trao dan tgc d mgt bg phan dang
ke tren h a n h tinh./ i